JP5046013B2 - Seawater filtration device for salt production - Google Patents
Seawater filtration device for salt production Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は複層のろ層を有する製塩用海水ろ過装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a seawater filtration apparatus for salt production having a multi-layer filter layer.
海水から塩を製塩するには、イオン交換膜電気透析槽(以下、電槽と称する場合がある)を用いる方法が用いられているが、電槽の流路閉塞が起こるため電槽の解体洗浄が必要となる。電槽の流路閉塞を抑制させ、電槽の解体洗浄間隔を延長させるためには、原因と考えられる電槽供給海水中の濁質を低減させる必要がある。 In order to produce salt from seawater, a method using an ion exchange membrane electrodialysis tank (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a battery tank) is used. Is required. In order to suppress the flow path blockage of the battery case and extend the disassembly cleaning interval of the battery case, it is necessary to reduce the turbidity in the battery case supplied seawater which is considered to be the cause.
海水は予めろ過を行い、土砂成分等の濁質を除去した後に電槽に供給される。
海水のろ過には一般に砂ろ過器が用いられており、清澄なろ過海水を得るためには粒径の小さなろ過砂を用いることにより、漏洩する濁質量を低減でき、電槽解体洗浄間隔の延長にも効果があることが知られている（特許文献１）。しかし、このようなろ過砂を用いた場合、ろ過器における圧損上昇が大きく、この結果ろ過砂の洗浄のために頻繁な逆洗操作が必要となり、水質の安定したろ過海水が定常的に得られないといった問題点が生じることが知られている。
また、赤潮発生等による水質悪化時には、砂ろ過器の逆洗頻度が高くなり、工場運転に支障をきたすといった問題があった。
そのため、新たなろ過器の開発および現行の砂ろ過器の改善が求められていた。
Seawater is filtered in advance, and after removing turbidity such as sediment components, it is supplied to the battery case.
A sand filter is generally used for seawater filtration, and to obtain clear filtered seawater, the turbid mass that leaks can be reduced by using filter sand with a small particle size, and the battery cell dismantling washing interval can be extended. Is also known to be effective (Patent Document 1). However, when such filter sand is used, the increase in pressure loss in the filter is large, and as a result, frequent backwashing operations are required to wash the filter sand, and filtered seawater with stable water quality can be obtained constantly. It is known that there will be problems such as
In addition, when the water quality deteriorates due to the occurrence of red tide, etc., the frequency of backwashing the sand filter increases, causing problems in factory operation.
Therefore, the development of a new filter and the improvement of the current sand filter have been demanded.
本発明の目的は、ろ層の目詰まりを防ぎ、逆洗頻度の大幅な低減が可能であり、逆洗時にろ過室よりろ材の流出を防ぐことができる製塩用海水ろ過装置を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a salt production seawater filtration device that can prevent clogging of the filter layer, can significantly reduce the frequency of backwashing, and can prevent the filter medium from flowing out of the filtration chamber during backwashing. is there.
上記課題は下記の構成により達成された。
〔１〕上層と下層を有するろ層における下層のろ材がろ過砂であり、上層と下層が以下の（１）〜（５）の条件を満たし、上層のろ材がシャモットであり、かつ、ろ過室高さが１．８〜１．９ｍである製塩用海水ろ過装置。
（１）０．０００２６≦Ｄ１≦０．０００５５
（２）１．５≦ρｓ≦１．８
（３）Ｄ１＜Ｄ２
（４）ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）＜ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）
（５）ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）Ｌ２＜Ｈ−ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）Ｌ１
（Ｄ１：ろ過砂の有効径（ｍ）、Ｄ２：上層ろ材の有効径（ｍ）、ｆ（Ｄ、ρ）：有効径Ｄ、比重ρのろ材の展開率、Ｈ：ろ過室高さ、ρ1：ろ過砂の比重、ρs：上層ろ材の比重、Ｌ１：下層ろ材の充填高さ（ｍ）、Ｌ２：上層ろ材の充填高さ（ｍ））
The above-mentioned subject was achieved by the following composition.
[1] and is a filtration sand layer of filter media in the filtration layer having upper and lower layers, to satisfy the condition of the upper layer and the lower layer is less than (1) to (5), the upper layer of filter media Ri chamotte der, and filtration chamber height seawater filtration apparatus for salt production Ru 1.8~1.9m der.
(1) 0.00026 ≦ D1 ≦ 0.00055
(2) 1.5 ≦ ρs ≦ 1.8
(3) D1 <D2
(4) f (D1, ρ1) <f (D2, ρs)
(5) f (D2, ρs) L2 <Hf (D1, ρ1) L1
(D1: effective diameter of filter sand (m), D2: effective diameter of upper filter medium (m), f (D, ρ): development ratio of filter medium with effective diameter D and specific gravity ρ, H: height of filtration chamber, ρ1 : Specific gravity of filtration sand, ρs: specific gravity of upper filter medium, L1: filling height of lower filter medium (m), L2: packing height of upper filter medium (m)
本発明は、本発明者らの鋭意検討の結果得られた知見に基づいて完成されたものであり、製塩の際に海水のろ過に用いるろ過装置のろ層を複層化することにより、ろ層の目詰まりを防ぎ、逆洗頻度の大幅な低減が可能な製塩用海水ろ過装置である。更に本発明は、特定の条件を満たすろ材を用いることで、逆洗時にろ過室よりろ材の流出を防ぐことができ、逆洗後も静置により再び複層化することが可能な製塩用海水ろ過装置を提供することができる。 The present invention has been completed based on the knowledge obtained as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, and by filtering the filter layer of the filtration device used for seawater filtration during salt production, This is a seawater filtration device for salt production that prevents clogging of the layer and can greatly reduce the frequency of backwashing. Furthermore, the present invention uses salt filter media that satisfy specific conditions, so that the filter media can be prevented from flowing out of the filtration chamber during backwashing, and can be re-stratified by standing after backwashing. A filtration device can be provided.
以下、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
本発明の製塩用海水ろ過装置（以下、単にろ過装置とも称する）の概略を図１に示す。
本発明のろ過装置は、上層２及び下層３を含む複数のろ層を充填したろ過室１を有し、ろ過室１の上部より海水を送液し、ろ層を通過した後に下部より海水を排出する。
本発明のろ過装置は更に、海水タンク５、海水を供給する管、海水を排出する管、ろ過海水タンク４を備え、配管にはポンプ６、圧力計８、濁度計７等を設置することが可能である。
ろ層の洗浄は逆洗により行うことができる。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The outline of the seawater filtration device for salt production of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as a filtration device) is shown in FIG.
The filtration device of the present invention has a filtration chamber 1 filled with a plurality of filtration layers including an upper layer 2 and a lower layer 3, and feeds seawater from the upper part of the filtration chamber 1, and passes seawater from the lower part after passing through the filtration layer. Discharge.
The filtration apparatus of the present invention further includes a seawater tank 5, a pipe for supplying seawater, a pipe for discharging seawater, a filtered seawater tank 4, and a pump 6, a pressure gauge 8, a turbidimeter 7 and the like are installed in the pipe. Is possible.
The filter layer can be washed by backwashing.
本発明の製塩用海水ろ過装置は、上層と下層を有するろ層における下層のろ材がろ過砂であり、上層と下層が以下の（１）〜（５）の条件を満たし、上層のろ材がシャモットであり、かつ、ろ過室高さが１．８〜１．９ｍであるものである。
（１）０．０００２６≦Ｄ１≦０．０００５５
（２）１．５≦ρｓ≦１．８
（３）Ｄ１＜Ｄ２
（４）ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）＜ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）
（５）ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）Ｌ２＜Ｈ−ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）Ｌ１
（Ｄ１:ろ過砂の有効径（ｍ）、Ｄ２:上層ろ材の有効径（ｍ）、ｆ（Ｄ、ρ）：有効径Ｄ、比重ρのろ材の展開率、Ｈ：ろ過室高さ、ρ1：ろ過砂の比重、ρs：上層ろ材の比重、Ｌ１：下層ろ材の充填高さ（ｍ）、Ｌ２：上層ろ材の充填高さ（ｍ））
Salt production seawater filtering device of the present invention, the lower layer of filter media in the filtration layer having upper and lower layers are filtration sand, the upper layer and lower layer meets the conditions of the following (1) to (5), the upper layer of filter material chamotte der is, and filtering chamber height is 1.8~1.9m der shall.
(1) 0.00026 ≦ D1 ≦ 0.00055
(2) 1.5 ≦ ρs ≦ 1.8
(3) D1 <D2
(4) f (D1, ρ1) <f (D2, ρs)
(5) f (D2, ρs) L2 <Hf (D1, ρ1) L1
(D1: Effective diameter of filter sand (m), D2: Effective diameter of upper layer filter medium (m), f (D, ρ): Effective diameter D, development rate of filter medium with specific gravity ρ, H: Filtration chamber height, ρ1 : Specific gravity of filtration sand, ρs: specific gravity of upper filter medium, L1: filling height of lower filter medium (m), L2: packing height of upper filter medium (m)
ｆ(Ｄ、ρ)はリチャードソン（Richardson）の式(藤田賢二、急速濾過・生物濾過・膜濾過、技報堂出版、１９９４年)により求めることができる。
リチャードソンの式；
f (D, ρ) can be obtained by Richardson's formula (Kenji Fujita, rapid filtration / biological filtration / membrane filtration, Gihodo Publishing, 1994).
Richardson's formula;
ｆ（Ｄ、ρ）＝（１-ε０）/[１−（ｖ／（４／２２５・(ρs-ρ)2／μ／ρ・ｇ2）1/3・
Ｄ）]ｒ
f (D, ρ) = (1−ε0) / [1- (v / (4/225 · (ρs−ρ) 2 / μ / ρ · g 2 ) 1/3 ·
D)] r
ここで、rは山本らの実験値(藤田賢二、急速濾過・生物濾過・膜濾過、技報堂出版、１９９４年) 、ｖは逆洗流速、ρは海水の比重、μは海水の粘度、gは重力加速度、ε0はろ材の空隙率を表す。 Here, r is the experimental value of Yamamoto et al. (Kenji Fujita, rapid filtration / biological filtration / membrane filtration, Gihodo Publishing, 1994), v is the backwash flow velocity, ρ is the specific gravity of seawater, μ is the viscosity of seawater, g is Gravitational acceleration, ε0 represents the porosity of the filter medium.
本発明において、下層ろ材（ろ過砂）の有効径；Ｄ１は、０．０００２６〜０．０００５５ｍである。
Ｄ１がこの範囲であると、海水中に含まれる土砂成分等の濁質を有効に捕捉することが可能となり、漏洩濁質量を低減させることができる。また、海水の水質悪化時においても捕捉が困難な濁質が多くなることによる漏洩濁質量の増加を防ぐことができる。
In the present invention, the effective diameter of the lower layer filter medium (filter sand); D1 is 0.00026 to 0.00055 m.
When D1 is within this range, it becomes possible to effectively capture turbidity such as earth and sand components contained in seawater, and leakage turbid mass can be reduced. Moreover, increase in leakage turbid mass due to an increase in turbidity that is difficult to capture even when the seawater quality deteriorates can be prevented.
本発明において、上層ろ材の比重；ρsは、１．５〜１．８である。
ρsがこの範囲であれば逆洗操作を行った際に、ろ材がろ過装置より溢流するのを防ぐことができ好ましい。
In the present invention, the specific gravity of the upper filter medium; ρs is 1.5 to 1.8.
If ρs is within this range, it is preferable that the filter medium can be prevented from overflowing from the filtration device when the backwash operation is performed.
また、本発明において、下層ろ材の有効径；Ｄ１及び上層ろ材の有効径；Ｄ２は、Ｄ１＜Ｄ２の関係を満たせばよい。
複層ろ過においては、圧損上昇速度は上層のろ材の粒径に依存していると考えられ、下層に粒径の小さなろ材を用いる場合には、上層にそれより粒径が大きいろ材を積層することにより、圧損上昇速度を抑制することが可能と考えられる。
In the present invention, the effective diameter of the lower layer filter medium; D1 and the effective diameter of the upper layer filter medium; D2 may satisfy the relationship of D1 <D2.
In multi-layer filtration, the rate of pressure drop increase is considered to depend on the particle size of the upper filter medium. When a filter medium with a smaller particle diameter is used for the lower layer, a filter medium with a larger particle diameter is laminated on the upper layer. Therefore, it is considered possible to suppress the pressure loss increase rate.
下層ろ材（有効径Ｄ１、比重ρ１）、上層ろ材（有効径Ｄ２、比重ρｓ）のそれぞれの展開率；ｆ(Ｄ、ρ)は、ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）＜ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）の関係を満たせばよい。ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）及びｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）がこの関係を満たす場合、逆洗操作を行った後、静置することにより上層と下層を複層化することができる。 Each expansion rate of the lower layer filter medium (effective diameter D1, specific gravity ρ1) and upper layer filter medium (effective diameter D2, specific gravity ρs); f (D, ρ) is a relation of f (D1, ρ1) <f (D2, ρs). Should be satisfied. When f (D1, ρ1) and f (D2, ρs) satisfy this relationship, the upper layer and the lower layer can be formed into multiple layers by standing after performing the backwash operation.
更に、本発明において、ろ過室高さ；Ｈはｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）Ｌ２＜Ｈ−ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）Ｌ１の関係を満たせばよい。ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）、Ｈ及びｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）がこの関係を満たす場合、逆洗操作の際にろ材がろ過室より溢流するのを防ぐことができる。 Further, in the present invention, the height of the filtration chamber; H may satisfy the relationship of f (D2, ρs) L2 <Hf (D1, ρ1) L1. When f (D2, ρs), H, and f (D1, ρ1) satisfy this relationship, the filter medium can be prevented from overflowing from the filtration chamber during the backwash operation.
本発明に用いるろ材は上記（１）〜（５）を満たすものであればよく、好ましくは気孔率が１０〜４０％のろ材である。上層としては例えば、シャモット、メサライトを挙げることができ、好ましくはシャモットである。 The filter medium used in the present invention only needs to satisfy the above (1) to (5), and preferably a filter medium having a porosity of 10 to 40%. Examples of the upper layer include chamotte and mesalite, and chamotte is preferable.
本発明において、ろ過室の高さは１．８ｍ〜１．９ｍである。ろ過室に、約１００ｍｍの上層及び５００ｍｍ〜７００ｍｍの下層を含むろ層を有する。上層及び下層の境界は明確である必要は無く、上層及び下層に用いるろ材が混在した層が上層と下層の間に存在しても良い。 In the present invention, the height of the filtration chamber is 1.8 m to 1.9 m. The filtration chamber has a filter layer including an upper layer of about 100 mm and a lower layer of 500 mm to 700 mm. The boundary between the upper layer and the lower layer is not necessarily clear, and a layer in which filter media used for the upper layer and the lower layer are mixed may exist between the upper layer and the lower layer.
本発明のろ過装置は、上層及び下層を含む複数のろ層を充填したろ過室を有し、ろ過室の上部より海水を送液し、ろ層を通過した後に下部より海水を排出するが、この際、ろ過室内の海水の流速は８ｍ/ｈが好ましい。 The filtration device of the present invention has a filtration chamber filled with a plurality of filtration layers including an upper layer and a lower layer, and sends seawater from the upper part of the filtration chamber, and discharges seawater from the lower part after passing through the filtration layer. At this time, the flow rate of the seawater in the filtration chamber is preferably 8 m / h.
ろ層の洗浄は逆洗により行うが、具体的には、ろ過室の下部よりろ過砂でろ過した海水を供給し、ろ過室内の流速５０ｍ/ｈで送液を行い、ろ過室上部より排出する方法が挙げられる。
逆洗はろ過器入り口圧力とろ過初期圧力の差が９ｋＰａに達した場合に行うことが好ましい。
また、逆洗は４分間行うことが好ましい。
The filtration layer is washed by backwashing. Specifically, seawater filtered with filtration sand is supplied from the lower part of the filtration chamber, the liquid is fed at a flow rate of 50 m / h in the filtration chamber, and discharged from the upper part of the filtration chamber. A method is mentioned.
Back washing is preferably performed when the difference between the filter inlet pressure and the initial filtration pressure reaches 9 kPa.
The backwashing is preferably performed for 4 minutes.
以下実施例により本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
〔参考例１〕
本発明の製塩用ろ過装置の上層にろ材として表３に記載のシャモットを充填した。海水の流速８ｍ／ｈでろ過室の上部より海水を送液し、ろ層を通過した後に下部より海水を排出して海水ろ過操作を実施した。海水、ろ過海水の濁度、濁質の粒径分布は日本電色工業（株）製コンパクト型微粒子カウンター・高感度濁度計NP−５００Tを用いて測定した。表１に海水とろ過海水の濁度、除去率および７μｍ以上の大きな濁質の個数、除去率を示す。
なお、濁度及び濁質の除去率（％）は海水とろ過海水の濁度又は濁質の差を、海水の濁度又は濁質で除すことにより算出した。
[Reference Example 1]
The upper layer of the salt filtration device of the present invention was filled with chamotte as shown in Table 3 as a filter medium. Seawater was sent from the upper part of the filtration chamber at a flow rate of seawater of 8 m / h, and after passing through the filter layer, seawater was discharged from the lower part to carry out seawater filtration operation. The turbidity and turbidity particle size distribution of seawater and filtered seawater were measured using a compact fine particle counter / high sensitivity turbidimeter NP-500T manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. Table 1 shows the turbidity and removal rate of seawater and filtered seawater, and the number and removal rate of large turbidity of 7 μm or more.
The turbidity and turbidity removal rate (%) were calculated by dividing the turbidity or turbidity difference between seawater and filtered seawater by the turbidity or turbidity of seawater.
〔参考例２〕
ろ材として表３に記載のアンスラサイトを用いた以外は参考例１と同様にして海水ろ過操作を実施した。
表２に海水とろ過海水の濁度、除去率および７μm以上の大きな濁質の個数、除去率を示す。
[Reference Example 2]
A seawater filtration operation was performed in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the anthracite described in Table 3 was used as the filter medium.
Table 2 shows the turbidity and removal rate of seawater and filtered seawater, and the number and removal rate of large turbidity of 7 μm or more.
参考例１、参考例２より、シャモットの濁質の除去率はアンスラサイトと比較してかなり高く、また、７μm以上の大きな濁質の除去率も高かった。
上層と下層からなるろ層を用いる海水ろ過において、上層は下層の目詰まりを軽減するために大きな濁質を効率よく除去することが必要であり、多孔質ろ材であるシャモットが有効であることを見出した。
From Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 2, the turbidity removal rate of chamotte was considerably higher than that of anthracite, and the removal rate of large turbidity of 7 μm or more was also high.
In seawater filtration using a filter layer consisting of an upper layer and a lower layer, it is necessary for the upper layer to efficiently remove large turbidity in order to reduce clogging of the lower layer, and that chamotte, a porous filter medium, is effective. I found it.
〔実施例１〕
本発明の製塩用ろ過装置の上層にろ材として表４に記載のシャモットを充填し、下層には表４に記載のろ過砂を充填した。海水の流速８ｍ／ｈでろ過室の上部より海水を送液し、ろ層を通過した後に下部より海水を排出して海水ろ過操作を実施した。
ろ過操作は連続的に行い、ろ過器入口圧力と初期圧力の差が１６ｋＰａを超えた場合には、ろ過層の下部より流速５０ｍ／ｈで４分間の逆洗操作を実施した。ろ過海水の濁度は０．１５〜０．４０ｍｇ／Ｌ、逆洗間隔は１４．８〜１９．９時間であった。
[Example 1]
The upper layer of the salt production filtration apparatus of the present invention was filled with chamotte as shown in Table 4 as a filter medium, and the lower layer was filled with filtration sand as shown in Table 4. Seawater was sent from the upper part of the filtration chamber at a flow rate of seawater of 8 m / h, and after passing through the filter layer, seawater was discharged from the lower part to carry out seawater filtration operation.
The filtration operation was continuously performed. When the difference between the filter inlet pressure and the initial pressure exceeded 16 kPa, a backwash operation was performed for 4 minutes at a flow rate of 50 m / h from the lower part of the filtration layer. The turbidity of the filtered seawater was 0.15 to 0.40 mg / L, and the backwash interval was 14.8 to 19.9 hours.
〔比較例１〕
表４に記載のろ過砂を単層で用いて、海水の流速８ｍ／ｈで海水ろ過操作を実施した。ろ過操作は実施例１と同様に実施した。ろ過海水の濁度は０．１５〜０．４０ｍｇ／Ｌ、逆洗間隔は４．５〜５．７時間であった。
[Comparative Example 1 ]
Seawater filtration operation was carried out at a flow rate of seawater of 8 m / h using the filtration sand described in Table 4 in a single layer. The filtration operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 . The turbidity of the filtered seawater was 0.15 to 0.40 mg / L, and the backwash interval was 4.5 to 5.7 hours.
実施例１及び比較例１より、上層にシャモット、下層にろ過砂からなるろ層を用いるろ過装置は、上層のシャモットが海水中の大きな濁質を効率的に除去し、下層のろ過砂の目詰まりを軽減でき、ろ過器入口圧力の増加を抑制するため、砂ろ過単層の場合と比較して逆洗間隔を３倍以上に延長することができた。 From Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 , the filtration apparatus using a filter layer composed of chamotte in the upper layer and filter sand in the lower layer efficiently removes large turbidity in the seawater, so In order to reduce clogging and suppress increase in the filter inlet pressure, the backwash interval could be extended more than three times compared with the sand filtration single layer.
１．ろ過室
２．ろ層（上層）
３．ろ層（下層；ろ過砂）
４．ろ過海水タンク
５．海水タンク
６．ポンプ
７．濁度計
８．圧力計
1. Filtration chamber Filter layer (upper layer)
3. Filter layer (lower layer; filter sand)
4). Filtered seawater tank 5. Seawater tank 6. Pump 7. Turbidimeter 8. Pressure gauge
Claims (1)
（１）０．０００２６≦Ｄ１≦０．０００５５
（２）１．５≦ρｓ≦１．８
（３）Ｄ１＜Ｄ２
（４）ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）＜ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）
（５）ｆ（Ｄ２、ρｓ）Ｌ２＜Ｈ−ｆ（Ｄ１、ρ１）Ｌ１
（Ｄ１：ろ過砂の有効径（ｍ）、Ｄ２：上層ろ材の有効径（ｍ）、ｆ（Ｄ、ρ）：有効径Ｄ、比重ρのろ材の展開率、Ｈ：ろ過室高さ、ρ1：ろ過砂の比重、ρs：上層ろ材の比重、Ｌ１：下層ろ材の充填高さ（ｍ）、Ｌ２：上層ろ材の充填高さ（ｍ）） Underlying filter material in the filter layer having an upper layer and lower layer are filtration sand, the upper layer and lower layer meets the conditions of the following (1) to (5), the upper layer of filter media Ri chamotte der and filtering chamber height Saga 1.8~1.9m der Ru salt production for sea water filtration device.
(1) 0.00026 ≦ D1 ≦ 0.00055
(2) 1.5 ≦ ρs ≦ 1.8
(3) D1 <D2
(4) f (D1, ρ1) <f (D2, ρs)
(5) f (D2, ρs) L2 <Hf (D1, ρ1) L1
(D1: effective diameter of filter sand (m), D2: effective diameter of upper filter medium (m), f (D, ρ): development ratio of filter medium with effective diameter D and specific gravity ρ, H: height of filtration chamber, ρ1 : Specific gravity of filtration sand, ρs: specific gravity of upper filter medium, L1: filling height of lower filter medium (m), L2: packing height of upper filter medium (m)
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| JP2006244242 | 2006-09-08 | ||
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