JP2003265066A - Closed circulation type land culture system having sub- filtration tank - Google Patents
Closed circulation type land culture system having sub- filtration tankInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003265066A JP2003265066A JP2002073555A JP2002073555A JP2003265066A JP 2003265066 A JP2003265066 A JP 2003265066A JP 2002073555 A JP2002073555 A JP 2002073555A JP 2002073555 A JP2002073555 A JP 2002073555A JP 2003265066 A JP2003265066 A JP 2003265066A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filtration tank
- tank
- sub
- water
- water outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Landscapes
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、魚の養殖に関するもの
のうち、海の無い場所（例えば山村や、ビルの屋上な
ど）でも海水魚が養殖できる閉鎖循方式環陸上養殖シス
テムに利用される。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】従来、魚などの養殖を行う閉鎖循環方式
陸上養殖システムでは、魚の排泄する糞や尿、食べ残し
た餌（残餌）などから出る、魚にとって猛毒のアンモニ
アは本システムを構成する浄化槽（生物濾過槽）の中の
硝化細菌と言われる微生物によって酸化分解（硝化）さ
れている。然るに、糞や残餌などの固形物を全て生物濾
過槽に通すと、濾材が閉塞してしまうなどの問題があっ
た。また、これらの固形物から発生する高濃度のアンモ
ニアは、硝化細菌にとって大きな負担となり、そのため
に膨大な量の微生物が必要になり、必然的に大量の濾材
を投入しなければならないなど経済的ではなかった。通
常、これらの固形物は布や化学繊維をマット状にしたフ
ィルターで漉しとるなどして、物理的にシステム外に取
り出し、濾材への負担を極力軽減する措置がとられてい
る。然るに、これらのフィルターは固形物が粘性である
性質上、比較的短時間に目詰まりを起こしてしまうた
め、１日に何回も取り替えや洗浄をしなければならなか
った。また、フィルター洗浄時に出る廃水は周辺環境を
汚染する原因にもなっていた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】閉鎖系の循環方式陸上
養殖における糞や残餌などの固形物の処理は、上記した
フィルターなどで簡単に取り除ける反面、目詰まりがこ
とのほか早く、フィルターの取り替えや洗浄の頻度は１
日に数回行わなければならないなど、手間のかかる作業
となっている。勿論ドラムフィルターなどの大掛かりな
装置を使えば自動的に取り除いてくれるが、設備費やラ
ンニングコスト、更に逆洗浄時の廃水処理を考慮すれば
得策とはいえない。若し、固形物をシステム内で分離
し、飼育水全体にアンモニアの影響を及ぼすことなく分
解処理できる装置が簡便安価にできれば、固形物処理に
係る作業が大幅に軽減できることは想像に難くない。そ
こで発明者はこの課題に取り組んで、解決方法を発明す
るに至った。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明は、魚の排泄する糞や残餌など固形物をシス
テムの外に取り出すのではなく、循環ラインに設置して
ある生物濾過槽（主濾過槽）とは別のラインに固形物を
専用に分解する生物濾過槽（副濾過槽）を設けた。上記
手段によれば、循環ラインにある沈殿分離槽で固形物を
分離させ、この固形物を少量の飼育水と共に副濾過槽に
導き、ここで微生物によって硝化を行うようにした。硝
化に費やす時間は通常、主濾過槽の場合は略３０分なの
に対し、副濾過槽の飼育水は固形物由来のアンモニア負
荷が大であること、また固形物の分解も必要なことか
ら、略２４時間かけてじっくり分解し、飼育水として再
び使用できる程度まで浄化を行うようにした。
【０００５】
【発明の実施例】図１は本発明の実施例を示す請求項１
の説明図である。強化プラスチックで造られた上部が開
放状で略円筒形の飼育槽１は、底中央部に飼育水と糞が
排出するための出水口２を備えており、パイプで沈殿分
離槽４の入水口３に連結されている。沈殿分離槽４は、
上部が開放状の略円筒形で下部は逆円錐状となってお
り、一体的に形成されている。入水口３は該沈殿分離槽
４の円筒部の下部に不図示の接線方向に設けられてい
る。更に、円筒部の上方には上水（うわ水）が流出する
出水口５が設けられ、主濾過槽７の側面の入水口６にパ
イプで連結されている。該主濾過槽７の反対側の側面に
は、浄化された飼育水が流出する出水口８が設けられ、
ポンプ９にパイプで連結されている。ポンプ９の出水側
にはパイプ１５が接続されており、その先端は飼育槽１
の上部より水中に開放されている。ついで、沈殿分離槽
４の底部中央部には固形物排出用の出水口１０を備えて
おり、副濾過槽１２の側面の入水口１１にパイプで連結
されている。該副濾過槽１２の反対側の側面には出水口
１３が設けられ、パイプでポンプ１４に連結されてい
る。該ポンプ１４の出水側にはパイプ１６が接合されて
おり、その先端は沈殿分離槽４の上部より水中に開放さ
れている。
【０００６】以上が本発明の循環濾過経路であるが、本
発明は沈殿分離槽４から分岐して、固形物を専用に分解
する副濾過槽１２を併設したことにある。以下、本発明
を具体的に説明する。飼育槽１は魚を養殖するためのも
のであり、淡水や海水、あるいは人工海水などに稚魚を
入れ、成魚になるまで飼育を行う水槽である。養殖の過
程で魚が排泄した糞や残餌などの固形物は、飼育水と共
に飼育槽１に設けられた出水口２より沈殿分離槽４に送
られる。該沈殿分離槽４に設けられた入水口３は円筒状
の側面に接線方向に設けられているので、流入してきた
飼育水は水流によって沈殿分離槽内部で回転する。飼育
水とともに送られてきた固形物は、回転しながら水中を
落下して沈殿し、固形物の取り除かれたうわ水は主濾過
槽７に送られる。また、主濾過槽７にはカキ殻、珊瑚
石、活性炭、化学繊維などの濾材が充填してあり、飼育
水に含まれるアンモニアは、該濾材を住家として繁殖し
た好気性の硝化細菌によって硝化される。飼育水はこの
濾材の間を毎時６〜９ｍの速度で通過するよう設定して
ある。硝化細菌による硝化の過程は通常、アンモニアか
ら亜硝酸への酸化、亜硝酸から硝酸への酸化という２つ
の過程からなる。アンモニアを硝化する硝化細菌はＮｉ
ｔｒｏｓｏｍｏｎａｓ，Ｎｉｔｒｏｓｏｓｐｉｒａ，Ｎ
ｉｔｒｏｓｏｃｏｃｃｕｓならびにＮｉｔｒｏｓｏｌｏ
ｂｕｓ属が、後者についてはＮｉｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ，
Ｎｉｔｒｏｓｐｉｒａ，Ｎｉｔｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ属が知
られている。次に、主濾過槽７で浄化された飼育水はポ
ンプ９によって飼育槽の上部より水中に開放される。一
方、沈殿分離槽４の下部に落下した固形物は少量の飼育
水と共に副濾過槽１２に送られる。また、該副濾過槽内
の飼育水は高濃度のアンモニア及び固形物となっている
ので硝化に要する時間は上記したように略２４時間かけ
てじっくり行い、固形物も硝化細菌の働きで略７０％は
分解消滅する。また、固形物の分解を促進させるために
必要に応じて硝化細菌を投入することもある。
【０００７】本発明による実施例では、平均４グラムの
ヒラメの稚魚２００尾を１１ヶ月間、平均８７０グラム
に成長するまで飼育した結果、アンモニアは０．３mg／
ｌ、亜硝酸は０．５mg／ｌ、硝酸は１５０mg／ｌであ
り、ヒラメが生息するに十分な水質を維持した。
【０００８】なお、飼育槽１の材質を強化プラスチック
としたが、コンクリートでもよい。また、飼育する魚を
ヒラメとしたが、海水魚ではその外にフグやオコゼなど
が飼育可能であり、淡水魚ではアユやニジマスなど、大
部分の魚に本発明を使用可能である。
【０００９】
【発明の効果】システム内で固形物の沈殿分離を行い、
固形物を専用の濾過槽で連続的に硝化することで、飼育
期間を通じて煩わしいフィルターの交換や洗浄作業から
開放されることが可能となった。また、副濾過槽を設け
ることによって、主濾過槽の規模を略半分に小型化する
ことができた。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to fish cultivation, and more particularly to a closed circulation system in which marine fish can be cultivated even in a place where there is no sea (for example, a mountain village or the roof of a building). Used for the onshore aquaculture system. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a closed-circulation terrestrial aquaculture system for culturing fish and the like, ammonia, which is highly toxic to fish, is emitted from feces and urine excreted by fish and food left behind (remaining food). It is oxidatively decomposed (nitrified) by microorganisms called nitrifying bacteria in a septic tank (biological filtration tank) constituting the system. However, when all solids such as feces and remaining food are passed through the biological filtration tank, there is a problem that the filter medium is blocked. In addition, the high concentration of ammonia generated from these solids imposes a heavy burden on nitrifying bacteria, which requires an enormous amount of microorganisms, and inevitably requires a large amount of filter media to be put in economical terms. Did not. Usually, these solids are physically taken out of the system, for example, by filtering with a filter made of cloth or chemical fibers in a mat form, and measures are taken to minimize the burden on the filter medium. However, since these filters are clogged in a relatively short time due to the viscous nature of the solids, they have to be replaced and washed many times a day. In addition, wastewater generated at the time of washing the filter has caused pollution of the surrounding environment. [0003] In the closed-system circulation type onshore aquaculture, the treatment of solids such as feces and residual food can be easily removed by the above-mentioned filter or the like, but clogging is extremely rapid. The frequency of filter replacement and cleaning is 1
It has to be done several times a day, which is a time-consuming task. Of course, if you use a large-scale device such as a drum filter, it will be removed automatically, but this is not an advantage if you consider equipment costs, running costs, and wastewater treatment during backwashing. It is not difficult to imagine that if a device capable of separating solids in the system and decomposing the whole breeding water without the influence of ammonia can be made simple and inexpensive, the work related to solids treatment can be greatly reduced. Then, the inventor worked on this problem and came to invent a solution. [0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention does not take out solids such as feces excreted by fish or bait, but installs them in a circulation line. A biological filtration tank (sub-filtration tank) dedicated to decomposing solids was provided on a separate line from a certain biological filtration tank (main filtration tank). According to the above-described means, solids are separated in the sedimentation separation tank in the circulation line, and the solids are guided to the sub-filtration tank together with a small amount of breeding water, where nitrification is performed by microorganisms. The time spent for nitrification is usually about 30 minutes in the case of the main filtration tank, but the rearing water in the sub-filtration tank has a large ammonia load derived from solids, and the decomposition of solids is also necessary. It was slowly decomposed over 24 hours, and purified so that it could be used again as breeding water. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. A breeding tank 1 made of reinforced plastic and having an open top and a substantially cylindrical shape is provided with a water outlet 2 for discharging breeding water and feces in the center of the bottom, and an inlet for the sedimentation separation tank 4 with a pipe. 3. The sedimentation separation tank 4
The upper part has a substantially cylindrical shape with an open shape, and the lower part has an inverted conical shape, and is integrally formed. The water inlet 3 is provided below the cylindrical portion of the sedimentation separation tank 4 in a tangential direction (not shown). Further, a water outlet 5 through which tap water (wow water) flows out is provided above the cylindrical portion, and is connected to a water inlet 6 on a side surface of the main filtration tank 7 by a pipe. A water outlet 8 through which purified breeding water flows out is provided on the opposite side surface of the main filtration tank 7,
It is connected to the pump 9 by a pipe. A pipe 15 is connected to the outlet side of the pump 9, and the tip thereof is
It is open to the water from above. Next, a water outlet 10 for discharging solids is provided at the center of the bottom of the sedimentation separation tank 4, and is connected to a water inlet 11 on a side surface of the sub-filtration tank 12 by a pipe. A water outlet 13 is provided on the opposite side surface of the sub-filtration tank 12, and is connected to a pump 14 by a pipe. A pipe 16 is joined to the water outlet side of the pump 14, and the tip of the pipe 16 is opened to the water from the upper part of the sedimentation separation tank 4. The above is the circulation filtration path of the present invention. The present invention is characterized in that a sub-filtration tank 12 is provided in addition to a branch from the sedimentation separation tank 4 for decomposing solids. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically. The breeding tank 1 is for cultivating fish, and is a tank in which fry is placed in fresh water, seawater, artificial seawater, or the like, and bred until it becomes an adult. Solid matter such as feces and residual food excreted by the fish during the aquaculture is sent to the sedimentation / separation tank 4 through the water outlet 2 provided in the breeding tank 1 together with the breeding water. Since the water inlet 3 provided in the sedimentation / separation tank 4 is provided tangentially on the cylindrical side surface, the breeding water that has flowed in is rotated inside the sedimentation / separation tank by the flow of water. The solids sent together with the breeding water fall down in the water while rotating, and settle. The waffle water from which the solids have been removed is sent to the main filtration tank 7. The main filtration tank 7 is filled with a filter medium such as oyster shell, coral stone, activated carbon, and chemical fiber. Ammonia contained in the breeding water is nitrified by aerobic nitrifying bacteria that have propagated with the filter medium as a house. You. The breeding water is set to pass between the filter media at a speed of 6 to 9 m / h. The process of nitrification by nitrifying bacteria usually consists of two processes: oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and oxidation of nitrite to nitric acid. Nitrifying bacteria that nitrify ammonia are Ni
trosomonas, Nitrosospira, N
itrosococcus and Nitrosolo
genus, for the latter, Nitrobacter,
The genus Nitrospira and Nitrococcus are known. Next, the breeding water purified in the main filtration tank 7 is released into the water from the upper part of the breeding tank by the pump 9. On the other hand, the solids dropped to the lower part of the sedimentation separation tank 4 are sent to the sub-filtration tank 12 together with a small amount of breeding water. Also, since the breeding water in the sub-filtration tank is a high concentration of ammonia and solids, the time required for nitrification takes about 24 hours as described above, and the solids are also reduced to about 70% by the action of nitrifying bacteria. Percent disappears. Nitrifying bacteria may be added as needed to promote the decomposition of solids. In an embodiment according to the present invention, 200 larvae of Japanese flounder, averaging 4 grams, were bred for 11 months until they grew to an average of 870 grams, resulting in 0.3 mg of ammonia / mg.
1, nitrite was 0.5 mg / l and nitric acid was 150 mg / l, and water quality sufficient for flounder to live was maintained. Although the breeding tub 1 is made of reinforced plastic, it may be made of concrete. In addition, although the fish to be bred was flatfish, puffer fish and lycium can be bred in saltwater fish, and the present invention can be used for most fish such as ayu and rainbow trout in freshwater fish. According to the present invention, a solid is separated and settled in the system.
By continuously nitrifying the solid matter in a dedicated filtration tank, it became possible to be free from cumbersome filter replacement and washing work throughout the breeding period. In addition, by providing the sub-filtration tank, the size of the main filtration tank could be reduced to about half.
【図面の簡単な説明】 【図１】請求項１の説明図である。 【符号の説明】 １ 飼育槽 ２ 出水口 ３ 入水口 ４ 沈殿分離槽 ５ 出水口 ６ 入水口 ７ 主濾過槽 ８ 出水口 ９ ポンプ １０ 出水口 １１ 入水口 １２ 副濾過槽 １３ 出水口 １４ ポンプ １５ パイプ １６ パイプ[Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of claim 1; [Explanation of symbols] 1 Breeding tank 2 water outlet 3 Inlet 4 Sedimentation separation tank 5 Water outlet 6 Inlet 7 Main filtration tank 8 water outlet 9 pump 10 Outlet 11 Inlet 12 Sub filtration tank 13 Outlet 14 pump 15 pipes 16 pipes
Claims (1)
開放状で略円筒形の飼育槽１、該出水口２にパイプで連
結された沈殿分離槽４、該沈殿分離槽４の出水口５にパ
イプで連結された主濾過槽７、該主濾過槽７の出水口８
にパイプで連結されたポンプ９、該ポンプ９に接続さ
れ、飼育水槽１の上部より水中に開放されたパイプ１
５、沈殿分離槽４の出水口１０にパイプで連結された副
濾過槽１２、該副濾過槽１２の出水口１３にパイプで接
続されたポンプ１４、該ポンプ１４に接続され、沈殿分
離槽４の上部より水中に開放されたパイプ１６から成
る、副濾過槽を有する閉鎖循環方式陸上養殖システムClaims: 1. A breeding tub 1 having a water outlet 2 at a substantially central portion of a bottom and having an open top and a substantially cylindrical shape, a sedimentation / separation tank 4 connected to the water outlet 2 by a pipe, A main filtration tank 7 connected to a water outlet 5 of the sedimentation separation tank 4 by a pipe, and a water outlet 8 of the main filtration tank 7
A pump 9 connected to the pump 9 and connected to the pump 9 and opened into the water from the upper part of the breeding aquarium 1
5, a sub-filtration tank 12 connected to a water outlet 10 of the sedimentation separation tank 4 by a pipe, a pump 14 connected to a water outlet 13 of the sub-filtration tank 12 by a pipe, and connected to the pump 14, Circulating onshore aquaculture system with a sub-filtration tank consisting of a pipe 16 opened into the water from the top
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002073555A JP2003265066A (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2002-03-18 | Closed circulation type land culture system having sub- filtration tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002073555A JP2003265066A (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2002-03-18 | Closed circulation type land culture system having sub- filtration tank |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003265066A true JP2003265066A (en) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=29203188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002073555A Withdrawn JP2003265066A (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2002-03-18 | Closed circulation type land culture system having sub- filtration tank |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003265066A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102326522A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-01-25 | 莱州明波水产有限公司 | Automatic maintenance inoculation-free method for biological filter of circulating water culture system and special device |
| CN102499131A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-06-20 | 莱州明波水产有限公司 | Energy-saving factorized fully-sealed seawater circulation culture process method and special device thereof |
| CN103098747A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-15 | 宁波爱去欧净水设备科技有限公司 | Breeding, purification and treatment device for freshwater fish before freshwater fish is eaten |
| KR20220015164A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-08 | 배영길 | Fresh water and sea water fish farm having natural purification function |
-
2002
- 2002-03-18 JP JP2002073555A patent/JP2003265066A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102326522A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-01-25 | 莱州明波水产有限公司 | Automatic maintenance inoculation-free method for biological filter of circulating water culture system and special device |
| CN102499131A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-06-20 | 莱州明波水产有限公司 | Energy-saving factorized fully-sealed seawater circulation culture process method and special device thereof |
| CN103098747A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-15 | 宁波爱去欧净水设备科技有限公司 | Breeding, purification and treatment device for freshwater fish before freshwater fish is eaten |
| KR20220015164A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-08 | 배영길 | Fresh water and sea water fish farm having natural purification function |
| KR102447459B1 (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-09-26 | 배영길 | Fresh water and sea water fish farm having natural purification function |
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