JP2024062039A - Multifunctional crushing tool, crushing device, and crushing method - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To crush a part of the object to be crushed into small pieces in a short time and efficiently. [Solution] In this invention, the rock breaking part is pushed into the hole along the hole drilling direction while abutting against a first wall surface portion on the free surface side of the object to be crushed and against a second wall surface portion on the non-free surface side of the inner wall surface of the hole, thereby pressing against the inner wall surface of the hole and introducing cracks from the hole toward the free surface of the object to be crushed. The entire tool is moved in the ripping direction while the ripping part abuts against the first wall surface portion of the hole with cracks introduced around it, and large pieces of the object to be crushed on the free surface side are excavated from the hole. The small cutting part then cuts the large pieces into smaller pieces. [Selected drawing] Figure 5

Description

This invention relates to a crushing method for crushing a portion of a crushed object such as rock, boulders, or concrete structures into small pieces, and to a multi-function crushing tool suitable for this crushing method.

The applicant has proposed a crushing technique using a tapered wedge-shaped chisel as a technique for efficiently crushing a wide area of material to be crushed (Patent Documents 1 to 4). In the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 to 4, a hole is drilled in the material to be crushed. A hydraulic breaker is attached to the arm of a construction machine such as a backhoe, and a wedge-shaped chisel is attached to the hydraulic breaker, and the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel is then pushed into the hole. This wedge-shaped chisel has a tip end face with a first outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hole, and an inclined surface whose outer diameter increases from the tip end face to the rear end and becomes a second outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the hole. When the tip of a wedge-shaped chisel having this configuration is inserted into the hole, the inclined surface abuts against the inner wall of the hole. When the rear end of the chisel is struck by the reciprocating piston in this contact state, tensile stress acts on the material to be crushed around the hole in a direction roughly perpendicular to the reciprocating direction of the piston, resulting in the material being crushed around the hole.

Japanese Patent No. 4636294 Patent No. 5145503 Patent No. 5145504 Patent No. 5352807

The main purpose of the wedge chisel is to introduce cracks around the drilled hole, i.e., to perform rock breaking work, and the part of the crushed material where the cracks have been introduced (excavated part 32 in Figure 5, which will be explained later) is excavated from the material (ripping work). The crushed particles of the part excavated in this way have a certain degree of distribution, and the large crushed material is too large as it is, which will hinder the transportation work. For this reason, after the separation work, it may be necessary to further break the large crushed material into smaller pieces, so-called small-cutting work.

Thus, to break up materials such as bedrock, boulders, and concrete structures into smaller pieces, rock-breaking, ripping, and small-cutting operations are necessary. Conventionally, a rock-breaking attachment consisting of a hydraulic breaker and a wedge-shaped chisel is attached to the arm of a construction machine for rock-breaking operations, a separating attachment called a ripper is attached for limping operations, and a small-cutting attachment consisting of a hydraulic breaker and a hammer chisel is attached for small-cutting operations.

Construction machines with rock-breaking attachments, ripping attachments, and small-cutting attachments were prepared in advance, and the construction machines were switched around in sequence for work. Also, in order to reduce the number of construction machines prepared, all or some of the attachments were replaced during work. As a result, the crushing process, which involves rock-breaking, ripping, and small-cutting work, required a great deal of time and effort.

This invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and aims to provide a crushing method that can crush a part of the object to be crushed into small pieces in a short time and efficiently, and a multi-function crushing tool and crushing device that are suitable for said crushing method.

The first aspect of the present invention is a multi-function crushing tool having a shaft structure extending in the axial direction, for crushing the periphery of a pre-formed hole in the object to be crushed in the direction of hole formation, with a rear end that receives an external force applied from the outside along the axial direction, and a tapered shape toward the tip side from the rear end, and the entire shaft structure is pushed into the hole along the direction of hole formation while abutting against a first wall surface portion on the free side of the object to be crushed and abutting against a second wall surface portion on the anti-free side of the inner wall surface of the hole, thereby pressing the inner wall surface of the hole and forcing the object out of the hole. It is characterized by having a rock breaking section that introduces cracks from the rear end toward the free surface of the material to be crushed, a ripping section that is provided between the rear end and the rock breaking section and moves the entire shaft structure in the ripping direction toward the free surface while abutting against the first wall portion of the drilled hole around which the cracks have been introduced, thereby digging out large fragments on the free surface side of the material to be crushed from the drilled hole, and a small fragmentation section that protrudes in the axial direction from the tip of the rock breaking section and breaks the large fragments into smaller fragments by applying an external force to the large fragments through the rear end, ripping section, and rock breaking section while abutting against the large fragments.

The second aspect of the present invention is a crushing device that crushes the area around a pre-drilled hole in a crushed object such as bedrock, boulders, or concrete structures in the direction of hole formation, and is characterized by comprising the above-mentioned multi-function crushing tool, a breaker that applies an external force to the multi-function crushing tool by striking the rear end while holding the multi-function crushing tool, and a construction machine that holds the breaker and pushes the multi-function crushing tool into the drilled hole, moves the multi-function crushing tool in the ripping direction, and abuts the multi-function crushing tool against the large pieces of crushed material.

Furthermore, the third aspect of the present invention is a crushing method for crushing the periphery of a hole previously formed in a crushing object such as a rock mass, boulder, or concrete structure in the hole forming direction, characterized by comprising the steps of: preparing the multi-function crushing tool; aligning the axial direction with the hole forming direction and inserting the small-splitting part and rock-splitting part of the multi-function crushing tool into the hole, and pushing the multi-function crushing tool in the hole forming direction while applying an external force to the rear end of the multi-function crushing tool to split the rock around the hole; digging out large-split objects from the crushing object by moving the multi-function crushing tool in the ripping direction with the ripping part of the multi-function crushing tool inserted into the hole; and splitting the large-split objects into smaller objects by applying an external force to the rear end of the multi-function crushing tool with the small-splitting part of the multi-function crushing tool abutting against the large-split objects.

The above invention allows a portion of the object to be crushed to be finely crushed in a short time and efficiently.

1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a multifunction crushing tool according to the present invention and a crushing device for carrying out a crushing method using the tool; FIG. 1A to 1C are diagrams showing a manufacturing procedure of the multi-function crushing tool and a cross section of the multi-function crushing tool. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for crushing a rock mass using the crushing device of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for crushing a rock mass using the crushing device of FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of a multifunction crushing tool according to the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the multi-function crushing tool according to the present invention and a crushing device that implements a crushing method using the tool. Figure 2 is a side view of the multi-function crushing tool. Figure 3 shows a manufacturing procedure for the multi-function crushing tool and a cross section of the multi-function crushing tool. In these drawings and the drawings described later, the dimensions and numbers of each part are exaggerated or simplified as necessary for ease of understanding. In these drawings, the direction in which the hole 4 is drilled into the rock 3 is the "-Z" direction, the direction from the hole 4 toward the free surface 31 of the rock 3 (corresponding to the "ripping direction" of the present invention) is the "+Y" direction, and the direction perpendicular to these Y and Z directions is the "X" direction.

As shown in FIG. 1, the multi-function crushing tool 1 is attached to a hydraulic breaker 2 mounted on a construction machine 5 such as a backhoe used at a site involving rock crushing, and is a tool for continuously performing a rock breaking process, a ripping process, and a small-cutting process, as described below. More specifically, the hydraulic breaker 2 is attached to an arm 51 of the construction machine 5 via a bracket 52. This hydraulic breaker 2 has a breaker body (not shown). This breaker body also has a cylinder 21 in the center. By supplying pressure oil from a hydraulic supply source (not shown) to the cylinder 21 via a switching valve, the piston 22 slidingly fitted in the cylinder 21 can move forward and backward in the axial direction. The reference numeral 53 in FIG. 1 denotes a soundproof cover that suppresses the operating sound generated when the piston 22 strikes from being transmitted to the surroundings as noise, and is removable as necessary. In addition, in order to clearly show each component and operation, the soundproof cover 53 is removed in FIGS. 2 to 6.

The multifunction crushing tool 1 is attached to the tip of the breaker body (the lower end in FIG. 1). The multifunction crushing tool 1 has an axial structure extending in the axial direction D1, and performs the rock breaking process and the ripping process with the axial direction D1 aligned with the hole drilling direction (-Z). Therefore, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the multifunction crushing tool 1 is illustrated with the axial direction D1 of the multifunction crushing tool 1 aligned with the hole drilling direction (-Z). The manufacturing procedure and configuration of the multifunction crushing tool 1 will be explained with reference to the XYZ three-dimensional coordinate system.

The multi-function crushing tool 1 has a shaft structure extending in the axial direction Z. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, this multi-function crushing tool 1 has a rear end 11, a ripping section 12, a rock-breaking section 13, and a small-splitting section 14, in that order from the rear end (+Z direction side) to the front end (-Z direction side). When manufacturing the multi-function crushing tool 1, a shaft structure 10 extending in the axial direction Z is prepared, as shown in Figure 3(a). The shaft structure 10 is made of a cylindrical steel material with an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter d (Figure 1) of the drilled hole 4.

A notch is provided at the (+Z) end of this shaft structure 10 at a position corresponding to the arrangement and structure of the rod pin (not shown) of the hydraulic breaker 2, and the rear end 11 is finished in a shape that allows it to be attached to the hydraulic breaker 2. When attached to the hydraulic breaker 2, the rear end 11 receives a strike from the piston 22 and transmits an external force to the tip side.

The ripping portion 12 is located on the (-Z) side of the rear end portion 11. The ripping portion 12 has a cylindrical shape as is the shaft structure 10.

On the other hand, the rock breaking section 13 is located on the (-Z) side of the ripping section 12, and the shaft structure 10 is subjected to the following processing to give it a tapered shape toward the tip side, i.e., the (-Z) direction. Insertion holes 10a to 10c are drilled from three directions into the tip surface of the shaft structure 10. Insertion hole 10c extends in the axial direction Z along the axis AX of the shaft structure 10. On the other hand, insertion holes 10a and 10b extend at an inclination angle corresponding to the tapered shape on the (+Y) and (-Y) sides of insertion hole 10c, respectively. For example, it is desirable to set the inclination angle to about several degrees with respect to the axis AX of the shaft structure 10.

After pressing the carbide cores 15a-15c, which are made of a metal material having a higher hardness than the shaft structure 10, such as die steel such as SKD61, into the insertion holes 10a-10c thus formed, the shaft structure 10 is rotated around the axis AX, for example, while the (-Z) end of the shaft structure 10 is turned on a lathe to cut until the carbide cores 15a, 15b are exposed. This gives the tip of the shaft structure 10 a tapered shape. Furthermore, the (+X) side and (-X) side of the tapered portion are cut to have a substantially oval cross section as shown in Figure 3(c). In this way, the rock splitting section 13 is formed.

More specifically, the rock-breaking section 13 has an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter d of the hole 4 at a position close to the ripping section 12, while at the tip position it has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter d of the hole 4. In addition, the free side (+Y direction side) and the anti-free side (-Y direction side) of the side of the rock-breaking section 13 are inclined surfaces 13a and 13b, respectively. The inclined surface 13a on the free side is curved along the first wall surface portion (41 in FIG. 4) on the free side of the inner wall surface of the hole 4, facing the first wall surface portion. On the other hand, the inclined surface 13b on the anti-free side is curved along the second wall surface portion (42 in FIG. 4) on the anti-free side of the inner wall surface of the hole 4, facing the second wall surface portion.

The carbide core 15c is pressed into the shaft structure 10 with its (-Z) end protruding from the tip surface of the shaft structure 10 in the (-Z) direction. The protruding portion is then tapered to form the small split portion 14.

Next, a method for crushing the area around a pre-formed hole 4 in rock 3, which is an example of the "object to be crushed" of the present invention, using a crushing device (= multi-function crushing tool 1 + hydraulic breaker 103 + construction machine 5) will be described with reference to Figures 4 and 5. Figures 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams showing a method for crushing rock using the crushing device of Figure 1. When the tip of the multi-function crushing tool 1 (= small splitting part 14 + (-Z) end of rock splitting part 13) shown in Figures 2 and 3 (b) and (c) is inserted into the hole 4, as shown in Figure 4 (a), the (+Y) side inclined surface 13a of the rock splitting part 13 is engaged with the first wall surface part 41 on the free side of the inner wall surface of the hole 4, and the (-Y) side inclined surface 13b of the rock splitting part 13 is engaged with the second wall surface part 42 on the non-free side.

Then, when the piston 22 of the hydraulic breaker 2 is reciprocated approximately parallel to the drilling direction (-Z) to directly strike the rear end 11 of the multi-function crushing tool 1, the rock splitting part 13 of the multi-function crushing tool 1 is pushed into the drilled hole 4. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4(b), tensile stress acts on the inner wall of the drilled hole 4 in the Y direction as shown by the white arrow in the figure from the drilled hole 4, and the rock splitting part 13 pushes the free surface side of the inner wall of the drilled hole 4, that is, the (+Y) direction side, by a distance determined by the pushing amount of the multi-function crushing tool 1 and the above-mentioned inclination angle, and a crack is generated from the drilled hole 4. Then, as the multi-function crushing tool 1 is pushed, the crack extends further and a crack is generated from the drilled hole 4 toward the free surface 31 inside the rock 3, and the rock is split. As a result, the excavated part 32 on the free surface side from the drilled hole 4 is separated from the rock 3 in a block shape, making it easy to crush and remove it from the rock 3.

As shown in FIG. 5(a), the multi-function crushing tool 1 is pushed into the drilled hole 4 until the ripping part 12 is inserted into the drilled hole 4 and its side in the (+Y) direction abuts against the first wall portion 41 of the drilled hole 4. This brings the ripping part 12 into close contact with the excavated portion 32. In this state, the hydraulic breaker 2 and the multi-function crushing tool 1 are moved together by the arm 51 of the construction machine 5 toward the free surface side, i.e., the (+Y) direction side, causing the ripping part 12 to excavate the excavated portion 32 from the rock 3 (ripping process).

The excavated portion 32 thus excavated is relatively large and needs to be further divided, so in this embodiment, the ripping process is followed by a dividing process using the multi-function crushing tool 1. That is, after the hydraulic breaker 2 and the multi-function crushing tool 1 are taken out of the drilled hole 4 together by the arm 51 of the construction machine 5, the rear end 11 of the multi-function crushing tool 1 is struck by the piston 22 with the dividing part 14 of the multi-function crushing tool 1 in contact with the excavated portion 32, as shown in FIG. 5(b), and the striking force (corresponding to the "external force" of the present invention) is transmitted to the dividing part 14 via the ripping part 12 and the rock-breaking part 13. In this way, the excavated portion 32 is divided into smaller pieces (dividing process). As shown by the circle and arrow in FIG. 5(b), the dividing process is repeated while moving the contact point (circle point) of the dividing part 14 on the surface of the excavated portion 32, so that the excavated portion 32 is divided into smaller pieces of the desired size or less.

As described above, according to this embodiment, rock breaking, ripping, and small-cutting can be performed consecutively using a single multi-function crushing tool 1. This eliminates the need to sequentially switch between construction machines equipped with rock breaking attachments, ripping attachments, and small-cutting attachments. It also eliminates the need to replace all or part of the above attachments. As a result, the rock mass 3 around the drilled hole 4 can be crushed into small pieces efficiently in a short time.

In addition, in this embodiment, the carbide cores 15a and 15b abut against the first wall surface portion 41 and the second wall surface portion 42 of the hole 4 of the rock breaking section 13 to perform rock breaking work. This reduces wear on the rock breaking section 13 and extends the life of the multi-function crushing tool 1. As a result, running costs can be reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the carbide cores 15a and 15b are exposed in the rock-breaking section 13 and are configured to abut against the first wall surface portion 41 and the second wall surface portion 42, respectively. However, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, the rock-breaking section 13 may be configured to abut directly against the first wall surface portion 41 and the second wall surface portion 42 to perform rock-breaking work without providing the carbide cores 15a and 15b.

The wedge-shaped chisel described in Patent Documents 1 and 4 has a configuration equivalent to the rear end and rock-breaking section of the present invention, so a ripping section 12 and a small-splitting section 14 may be added to the wedge-shaped chisel and used as the multi-function crushing tool 1 of the present invention.

This invention can be applied to all crushing technologies for breaking down parts of objects to be crushed, such as bedrock, boulders, and concrete structures, into smaller pieces.

1... Multi-function crushing tool 2... Hydraulic breaker 3... Rock (material to be crushed)
Reference Signs List 4: Drilling 5: Construction machine 10: Shaft structure 11: Rear end 12: Ripping section 13: Rock-breaking section 14: Small-split section 31: Free surface (of rock mass) 32: Excavated section 41: First wall section (of drilling hole) 42: Second wall section (of drilling hole) D1: Axial direction Y: Ripping direction Z: Hole-making direction

Claims (3)

A multi-function crushing tool having an axially extending shaft structure for crushing the periphery of a pre-formed hole in a crushing object in a direction of forming the hole,
a rear end portion that receives an external force applied from the outside along the axial direction;
a rock breaking section that has a tapered shape toward the tip side from the rear end, and that abuts against a first wall portion on the free surface side of the inner wall surface of the hole to be crushed and against a second wall portion on the non-free surface side while the entire shaft structure is pushed into the hole along the hole drilling direction, thereby pressing against the inner wall surface of the hole to introduce a crack from the hole to the free surface of the object to be crushed;
A ripping section is provided between the rear end and the rock breaking section, and the entire shaft structure is moved in a ripping direction toward the free surface while abutting against the first wall portion of the drilled hole around which the crack is introduced, thereby digging up large broken pieces on the free surface side of the crushed material from the drilled hole;
A small-sized cutting section that protrudes from the tip of the rock-breaking section in the axial direction and applies the external force to the large-sized crushed object while contacting the large-sized crushed object through the rear end, the ripping section, and the rock-breaking section, thereby cutting the large-sized crushed object into smaller pieces.
A multi-function crushing tool comprising: A crushing device that crushes the periphery of a pre-drilled hole in a direction of drilling a rock, a boulder, a concrete structure, or other object to be crushed,
The multi-function crushing tool according to claim 1 ;
a breaker that applies the external force to the multi-function crushing tool by striking the rear end portion while holding the multi-function crushing tool;
A construction machine that holds the breaker and pushes the multi-function crushing tool into the drilled hole, moves the multi-function crushing tool in the ripping direction, and abuts the multi-function crushing tool against the large-sized crushed object;
A crushing device comprising: A crushing method for crushing a rock mass, a rock, a concrete structure, or the like around a pre-drilled hole in a direction of drilling the hole, comprising:
A step of preparing a multi-function crushing tool according to claim 1;
A process of breaking rock around the hole by applying an external force to the rear end of the multi-function crushing tool while pushing the multi-function crushing tool in the hole forming direction while aligning the axial direction with the hole forming direction and inserting the small splitting part and the rock splitting part of the multi-function crushing tool into the hole;
A step of digging up the large crushed object from the object to be crushed by moving the multi-function crushing tool in the ripping direction with the ripping part of the multi-function crushing tool inserted into the drilled hole;
A step of applying an external force to the rear end of the multi-function crushing tool while the small-dividing portion of the multi-function crushing tool is in contact with the large-divided object, thereby dividing the large-divided object into small pieces;
A crushing method comprising:

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