RU2223378C1 - Perforator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining and construction industry, drilling of blast-holes in loose rock. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to drilling of blast-holes in loose rocks with decreased resistance to spalling and hard inclusions, for instance, of apatite- nepheline ore, to rocks displaying face with bumpy surface when drilling blast-holes and holes. Perforator has rock-breaking tool anchored on rod, body, air distribution system, rotary and limit boxes. Body houses rotary mechanism and twin piston-striker including main and auxiliary bullets put on air feeding tube. Perforator has also lock anchored on main bullet on side of auxiliary bullet, additional working space formed between two bullets in rotary box, provided with recess to accommodate lock. Air feeding tube has slot communicating its duct with additional working space in point of connection of main and auxiliary bullets. Relation of masses and sections of main and auxiliary bullets is chosen from inequality (S₁/m₁)>(S₂/m₂), where S₁ is section area of auxiliary bullet, sq m; S₂ is section area of main bullet, sq m; m₁ is mass of auxiliary bullet, kg; m₂ is mass of main bullet, kg. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of impact. 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining and construction industries and can be used for drilling boreholes of weak rocks with reduced shear strength and solid inclusions, for example, apatitenefelin ore, for rocks that have a face with an uneven surface when drilling boreholes and wells.

Known hydropneumatic shock device (AS No. 713969, Mcl E 02 F 9/22, BI No. 5, 1980, authors: V.G. Kuznetsov and others) including: a body, a striker with a tip, a worker and brake pistons, working and brake pistons of the accumulator, the piston of the compensator for the working chamber and the piston of the compensator of the brake chamber, a spring-loaded spool, overflow and control channels. However, this device is intended only for operation in the jackhammer or pneumatic breaker mode and cannot be used for drilling.

Also known is a two-piston rotary hammer (AS No. 140228, Mcl E 21 3/04, BI No. 7, 1989, authors: A.A. Manin and V.I. Chiriev), comprising a housing, two pistons, cam clutch, granbuksu, air distribution device and o-ring. Such a device is equipped with a two-mass drummer in order to reduce vibration transmitted to the body, and is not able to solve the problem of intensifying drilling regimes in rocks consisting of hard and soft components.

Also known is a telescopic punch (Vasiliev V.M. Punchers. M .: Nedra, 1989, p. 48, 49), which is closest to the claimed device and can be mistaken for a prototype. A telescopic perforator with an intermediate hammer includes a rock cutting tool located on the rod, a housing, an air distribution system, a piston hammer, an intermediate hammer, a rotary mechanism, a rotary and trailer axle boxes. The presence of an intermediate hammer is not aimed at increasing productivity, but serves as a means of allowing the use of rods without collars when drilling. Such a puncher can work with rods without shoulders, however, it has the following disadvantages: the presence of an uncontrollable striker for moving reduces the impact efficiency and complicates the barrel of the puncher body, has a reduced productivity.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely increasing the efficiency of impact.

The problem is solved in that the perforator containing a rock cutting tool, mounted on a rod, a housing with a rotary mechanism and a double piston-hammer located in it on an air pipe, including a main and auxiliary hammer, an air distribution system, a rotary and end axle box, according to the invention, is provided with a latch mounted on the main striker from the side of the auxiliary striker, an additional working cavity formed between two strikers in a rotary axle equipped with a bore for latching, and the air pipe has a slot connecting its channel with an additional working cavity at the junction of the main and auxiliary strikers, while the ratio of masses and sections of the strikers is chosen from the inequality:

where S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary striker, m ² ;

S ₂ - the cross-sectional area of the main striker, m ² ;

m ₁ is the mass of the auxiliary striker, kg;

m ₂ - mass of the main striker, kg

Thereby:

1) a snug fit of the bit (tool) to the face;

2) the destructive force due to the impact of the piston-hammer is distributed evenly perpendicular to the cleavage plane after the preliminary introduction of the rock cutting tool by pressing the perforator to the face;

3) increased drilling performance.

In the destruction of rocks, consisting of soft and strong ingredients, such as apatitonefelin ore, a “double” impact with an advance slaughter of the face will increase the drilling speed by at least 1.5 times compared with the prototype.

The punch is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a frontal section of the punch; figure 2 shows the position of the main and auxiliary strikers of the piston-drummer after the start of the working stroke; figure 3 shows the position of the main and auxiliary strikers at the end of the stroke; figure 4 shows the connection node of the main and auxiliary strikers of the piston-hammer; figure 5 is a section aa along the node indicated in figure 4; figure 6 - node In figure 4.

The perforator is designed for drilling holes and boreholes with a face with an uneven surface due to chipping of soft rocks, with protrusions of harder. The hammer drill contains: a rod 1, on which a rock cutting tool is fixed (not shown in the drawing), a housing 2, a percussion piston, including two strikers (main 3 and auxiliary 4), which are interconnected during idling by a latch 5 (for example, spring type) , rotary mechanism 6, rotary 7 and trailer 8 axle boxes. An air distribution system 9 is located in the housing 2. A slot 10 in the air pipe 11 through the channel 12 connects the working cavity 13 and the additional working cavity 14. The main spike 3 from the side of the air distribution system 9 has a nut 15. A bore 16 is made in the pivot box 7 for recessing the latch 5 To perform a double strike, the auxiliary hammer during the working stroke moves with greater acceleration than the main one. Acceleration is determined by the expression:

where P is the pressure of compressed air, MPa,

S is the surface area on which the pressure of compressed air acts, m ² ,

m is the mass of the piston of the hammer, kg,

where d is the diameter of the surface on which the pressure of compressed air acts, m

In order for the acceleration a _{1 of the} auxiliary striker to be greater than the acceleration a _{2 of the} main striker (a ₁ > a ₂ ) with equal pressure acting on both strikers, the ratio of masses and cross sections of the auxiliary and main striker of the piston-striker is chosen from the inequality:

where S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary striker, m ² ;

S ₂ - the cross-sectional area of the main striker, m ² ;

m ₁ is the mass of the auxiliary striker, kg;

m ₂ - mass of the main striker, kg

The punch works as follows. At the beginning of drilling, the main 3 and auxiliary 4 strikers are in the left position, air from the air distribution system 9 enters the working cavity 13 and presses on the main striker 3 of the piston-hammer, and also through the channel 12 of the air pipe 11 enters through the slot 10 into the additional working cavity 14. The auxiliary striker 4 of the piston drummer is set in motion, and the ratio of masses and sections of the main 3 and auxiliary 4 strikers of the piston drummer is such that the movement of the auxiliary striker 4 occurs with great acceleration, m movement of the main striker 3. Auxiliary striker 4 independently strikes the bar 1 in the first place. Following the hit and slightly bounced auxiliary striker 4 hits the main striker 3 with a single blow, i.e. the impact of the main striker 3 occurs together with the auxiliary striker 4. Then both strikers are connected by a latch 5 (for example, spring type) and the main 3 and auxiliary 4 strikers of the piston-striker are retracted back (to the initial position) together. After the departure of both strikers in the extreme left (initial) position, the latch 5 separates the strikers, recessed in the bore 16 of the rotary axle box 7. Next, the cycle repeats.

Thanks to this solution, the bit (tool) is firmly attached to the face, the destructive force from the impact of the piston is perpendicular to the cleavage plane evenly distributed after the preliminary introduction of the rock cutting tool by pressing the perforator to the face, the drilling productivity increases. In the destruction of rocks, consisting of soft and strong ingredients, such as apatitonefelin ore, a “double” impact with an advance slaughter of the face will increase the efficiency, namely, the drilling speed is not less than 1.5 times in comparison with the prototype.

Claims (1)

A rotary hammer containing a rock cutting tool mounted on a rod, a housing with a rotary mechanism and a double piston-hammer placed therein on the air pipe, including a main and auxiliary hammer, an air distribution system, a rotary and end axle box, characterized in that it has a latch fixed to the main striker from the side of the auxiliary striker, an additional working cavity formed between two strikers in the rotary axle, equipped with a bore to recess the latch, and in zduhoprovodnaya tube has a slit connecting its passage with additional working chamber at the juncture of the main and auxiliary pins, wherein the mass ratio, and the main and auxiliary sections of the strikers is selected from the inequality

where S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary striker m ² ; S ₂ - sectional area of the main striker m ² ; m ₁ is the mass of the auxiliary striker kg; m ₂ - mass of the main striker kg.

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