JP5145504B1 - Crushing apparatus and crushing method - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to efficiently crush objects to be crushed such as ground and rocks over a wide area.
The tip portion 131 of the chisel 13 is inserted into the hole 3 with the protrusion 134 facing the free surface, and the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b of the contact portion 132 are formed on the inner wall of the hole 3. Make contact. Further, the piston 12 is reciprocated in the axial direction in a state where the axial direction of the chisel 13 and the reciprocating direction of the piston 12 are matched. As a result, the chisel 13 is struck and a tensile stress acts in a direction from the central axis of the chisel 13 toward the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b, and the periphery of the hole 3 is crushed in a direction perpendicular to the tensile stress. When the protrusion 134 of the chisel 13 reaches the opening of the hole 3, the two protrusions 134 come into contact with the inner wall on the free surface side of the hole 3, and stress concentrates on the contact portion and the contact portion The periphery of the hole 3 is crushed toward the free surface 41.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus and method for crushing an object to be crushed such as ground or rock.

  Conventionally, a crushing device such as a breaker is used for crushing operations such as ground excavation, crushed rock, and rock drilling. For example, the crushing device described in Patent Document 1 is attached to the arm of a construction vehicle such as a hydraulic power shovel, and the tip of the chisel formed at an acute angle is brought into contact with the surface of the object to be crushed such as the ground or rock, By hitting the rear end of the chisel with the reciprocating piston, the chisel advances in the direction of the object to be crushed. At this time, a compression stress wave that travels in the direction of the object to be crushed is generated by striking the piston, which reaches the object to be crushed and crushes the object to be crushed.

  However, the crushing device described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems because crushing of the ground, rocks, and the like is performed using compression stress waves as described above. In other words, the ground and rocks have extremely high proof strength against compressive stress, and the conventional technology using compressive stress waves cannot easily crush hard ground and rocks, etc. It sometimes took a long time to crush. As described above, the conventional crushing technique has an inefficient aspect in terms of energy and workability, and has room for improvement. Further, during the operation of the crushing device, a large amount of heat is generated due to friction between the tip of the chisel and the ground surface and the chisel is thermally deformed, so that it is inevitable to change the chisel in a short time. Thus, in the conventional apparatus, the chisel life is short, which is a big problem in terms of chisel replacement work and cost.

  Therefore, the inventor of the present application pays attention to the fact that the proof stress of the rock mass or rock is smaller in the tensile direction than in the compression direction, and the front end surface has a first outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the drilling hole and from the front end surface to the rear end. The technology that crushes the ground and rocks using a chisel with a tapered tip with an inclined surface that has a second outer diameter that is larger than the inner diameter of the drilling hole as the outer diameter increases. (See Patent Document 2).

JP 2008-114297 A (for example, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent No. 4636294

  By the way, in patent document 2, after crushing a rock etc. with the said chisel, in order to expand the crushing area further, after rotating the said chisel by handle operation, the technique which repeats a crushing process again is disclosed. In this case, it is necessary to pull up the chisel from the hole before repeating the crushing process. Moreover, the operation which rotates a chisel after raising is also needed. Therefore, improvement is required to increase the working efficiency when crushing rocks and the like over a wide area.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, and it aims at providing the technique which crushes to-be-crushed objects, such as a ground and a rock, efficiently over a wide range.

A crushing device according to the present invention is a crushing device that crushes the periphery of a drilled hole formed in an object to be crushed such as ground or rock, and in order to achieve the above object, a tip portion that can be inserted into the drilled hole, A chisel having a contact portion extending from the front end portion to the rear end side and having a plurality of contact surfaces that come into contact with the opening portion of the drilling hole when the front end portion is advanced into the drilling hole; And a piston for striking the rear end of the chisel, and the diameter of the smallest virtual circle including a plurality of contact surfaces in a virtual cross section perpendicular to the direction of forming the drilling hole is cut at the front end side of the contact portion. It is the inner diameter of the hole and increases as it advances toward the rear end side, and the abutting portion is at least a plurality of abutting surfaces on the rear end side from the position where the diameter of the virtual circle is the inner diameter of the drilling hole. one has a protrusion that protrudes outwardly from a virtual circle, by striking chisel, the crush material in the abutment surface It is characterized by crushing followed by the crush material in the protrusion to fracture in a first direction to a second direction different from the first direction.

  In order to achieve the above object, the crushing method according to the present invention forms a drilling hole in an object to be crushed, such as ground or rock, a tip part that can be inserted into the drilling hole, and a tip part And a contact portion having a plurality of contact surfaces that contact the opening of the drilling hole when the tip part is inserted into the drilling hole, The diameter of the smallest virtual circle that includes a plurality of contact surfaces in the orthogonal virtual cross section is the inner diameter of the drilling hole at the front end side of the contact portion, and increases as it advances toward the rear end side. A chisel having a protruding portion projecting outward from the virtual circle on at least one of the plurality of abutting surfaces on the rear end side of the position where the diameter of the virtual circle is the inner diameter of the drilling hole is prepared. In the preparation step, the tip of the chisel is inserted into the drilling hole and the contact surface is brought into contact with the opening of the drilling hole. By hitting the chisel, after the object to be crushed is crushed in the first direction, the protrusion is brought into contact with the opening of the hole by further entering the chisel, and the second direction different from the first direction with respect to the object to be crushed And a crushing step of crushing in the direction.

  In the invention thus configured (the crushing apparatus and the crushing method), the contact portion of the chisel has a contact surface that comes into contact with the opening of the drilling hole when the tip end of the chisel enters the drilling hole. A plurality of components are provided and have the following structural features. That is, the diameter of the smallest virtual circle that includes a plurality of contact surfaces in a virtual cross section orthogonal to the direction of formation of the hole is the inner diameter of the hole on the tip side of the contact portion and proceeds to the rear end side. It grows according to. For this reason, when the chisel is struck by the piston while the contact surface is in contact with the opening of the hole, tensile stress is applied around the hole in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reciprocating direction of the piston from the hole. Act on. As a result, the periphery of the drilling hole is crushed. Further, the contact portion is provided with a protrusion. The protruding portion protrudes outward from the virtual circle on at least one of the plurality of contact surfaces on the rear end side of the position where the diameter of the virtual circle is the inner diameter of the hole. For this reason, after crushing by the abutting surface, the projecting portion abuts against the inner wall of the drilling hole, stress concentrates on the abutting part, and the periphery of the drilling hole is crushed from the abutting part. Thus, since the crushing direction changes before and after the projection reaches the opening of the hole, many cracks are generated from the hole and are crushed finely.

  Here, one of the rear end surface of the chisel that receives the impact from the piston and the front end surface of the piston that strikes the chisel may have a curved concave surface, and the other may have a curved convex surface. In this case, even if the posture of the piston with respect to the chisel is slightly changed according to the situation at the work site, the crushing process can be reliably performed by giving the piston a hit on the chisel.

  As described above, in one chisel, crushing by a plurality of abutting surfaces and crushing by a protruding portion can be performed, and an object to be crushed such as ground and rock can be efficiently crushed over a wide range.

It is a figure which shows the usage condition of the hydraulic breaker which is one Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows the chisel used with the hydraulic breaker of FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the crushing method by the hydraulic breaker of FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the crushing method by the hydraulic breaker of FIG. It is a figure which shows other embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows other embodiment of the crushing method concerning this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a usage mode of a hydraulic breaker as an embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the present invention. 2 is a view showing a chisel used in the hydraulic breaker of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (a) is a perspective view showing the entire structure of the chisel, and FIG. 2 (b) is a side view of the chisel. It is a side view and the figure (c) is a front view which looked at the chisel from the front. The hydraulic breaker 1 is attached to an arm 21 of a construction vehicle 20 such as a hydraulic power shovel via a bracket 22 as shown in FIG.

  The hydraulic breaker 1 includes a breaker body (not shown) supported by the bracket 20. The breaker body has a cylinder 11 at the center in the axial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1). And by supplying pressure oil to the cylinder 11 via a switching valve from a hydraulic supply source (not shown), the piston 12 slidably fitted in the cylinder 11 can move forward and backward in the axial direction. In the present embodiment, the tip surface 12a of the piston 12, that is, the surface that strikes the chisel 13, is finished in a curved convex shape. This is to respond flexibly.

  The chisel 13 has a distal end portion 131, a contact portion 132, and a proximal end portion 133 that are integrally extended in a predetermined direction. The opposite end surface of the base end portion 133, that is, the rear end surface of the chisel 13, is finished into a curved concave surface 133a as shown in FIG. For this reason, not only when the reciprocating axis of the piston 12 coincides with the extending direction of the chisel 13 (solid line in FIG. 2), but also when it is inclined (one-dot chain line in FIG. 2), the chisel The 13 curved concave surfaces 133 a can be engaged with the distal end surface 12 a of the piston 12. For example, when crushing work is performed at a relatively flat work site, it is desirable to control the posture of the piston 12 so that the reciprocating shaft of the piston 12 is coaxial with the extending direction of the chisel 13. When the crushing operation is performed near the slope, the posture control of the piston 12 may be limited in order to avoid interference with the slope. Even in such a case, even if the reciprocating axis of the piston 12 is controlled to be inclined with respect to the extending direction of the chisel 13, the front end surface 12 a of the piston 12 is surely secured to the rear end surface 133 a of the chisel 13. It becomes possible to hit. In addition, the code | symbol 23 in FIG. 1 is a soundproof cover which suppresses that the operating sound which generate | occur | produces at the time of striking of the piston 12 is propagated to the circumference as noise.

  The tip portion 131 of the chisel 13 has a so-called tapered shape in which the outer diameter decreases as it advances toward the tip side (the lower side in FIG. 2), is smaller than the inner diameter of the hole 3, and fits in the hole 3. And can be inserted. In addition, two cutouts are provided on the side surface of the tip portion 131, and two inclined surfaces are formed substantially symmetrically with respect to the axial direction of the chisel 13.

  Further, the contact portion 132 of the chisel 13 extends from the tip portion 131 to the rear end side. In addition, the inclined surface and the cutout portion are also connected to the contact portion 132 from the front end portion 131, and the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b extending from the front end portion 131 to the rear end side in the contact portion 132 are “contact surfaces” of the present invention. Function. In the present embodiment, the notch is formed up to an intermediate position of the contact part 132, and the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b are connected on the rear end side from the intermediate position. However, the position where the notch reaches is limited to this. For example, a notch portion may be provided in the entire contact portion 132. In the present embodiment, the inclined surface is formed by providing the notch portion. For example, the inclined member is fixed to the side surface of the cylindrical member, and the surface of the inclined member functions as the “contact surface” of the present invention. You may let them.

  In this specification, the tip 131 and the abutment 132 are defined separately. This is because the operation of each part differs depending on the size relationship with the inner diameter of the hole 3. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the smallest virtual circle (indicated by the symbol in FIG. 2 (a)) that includes the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b in the virtual cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the hole 3 is formed (vertical direction in FIG. 2). VC) is the boundary position BP between the tip 131 and the abutment 132 where the diameter coincides with the inside diameter of the bore 3, and the abutment 132 is the inside diameter of the bore 3 on the tip side. It becomes larger as it goes to the end side. For this reason, when the tip 131 of the chisel 13 is inserted into the hole 3, the inclined surfaces 132 a and 132 b of the contact part 132 abut against the opening of the hole 3 and are locked to the inner wall of the hole 3.

  The abutting portion 132 protrudes outward from the virtual circle VC to the one inclined surface 132a at a position where the diameter of the virtual circle VC is the inner diameter of the drilling hole 3, that is, the rear end side of the boundary position BP. Two protrusions 134 are provided. In the present embodiment, two inclined holes are formed obliquely from above on the base end side portion 132a1 of the inclined surface 132a, and the distal end portion of the steel rod 134 is fitted into each inclined hole. The rear end portion of each steel bar 134 is exposed from the inclined surface 132a, and is firmly fixed to the inclined surface 132a by welding. Thus, the exposed portion of each steel bar 134 corresponds to the protrusion 134.

  Next, the operation of crushing the object to be crushed 4 such as the ground or rock using the hydraulic breaker 1 configured as described above to remove the free surface side will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 are views schematically showing a crushing method using the hydraulic breaker of FIG. In addition, the upper stage in FIG. 3 is sectional drawing, and the lower stage is the sectional view on the AA line in an upper stage sectional drawing. Moreover, the upper stage in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view, and the lower stage is a cross-sectional view along the line BB in the upper cross-sectional view.

  In this embodiment, a hole 3 having a predetermined inner diameter is formed in the object to be crushed 4 (a hole forming step). Then, with the protrusion 134 facing the free surface 41 side, the tip 131 of the chisel 13 is inserted into the hole 3, and the inclined surfaces 132 a and 132 b of the contact part 132 are brought into contact with the inner wall of the hole 3. Make contact. Further, the front end surface 12a of the piston 12 is made to face the rear end surface 133a of the chisel 13 in a state where the axial direction of the chisel 13 and the reciprocating direction of the piston 12 are matched. This is because, in the work situation shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the object 4 to be crushed is relatively flat and there is no work restriction due to the interference of the bracket 20.

  In this way, when preparation for crushing is completed, pressure oil is supplied from a hydraulic supply source (not shown) to the cylinder 11 via the switching valve, whereby the piston 12 is reciprocated in the axial direction to strike the chisel 13 (FIG. 3 (a )). At this time, a tensile stress acts around the hole 3 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reciprocating direction (axial direction) of the piston 12 from the hole 3 and from the central axis of the chisel 13 toward the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b. Thus, the periphery of the hole 3 is crushed in a direction perpendicular to the tensile stress (vertical direction in the lower diagram of FIG. 3). As the crushing progresses, the tip 131 of the chisel 13 further proceeds in the hole 3 and crushing in the direction orthogonal to the tensile stress spreads.

  When the projection 134 of the chisel 13 reaches the opening of the hole 3 as shown in FIG. 3B, the two protrusions 134 come into contact with the inner wall on the free surface side of the hole 3 and Stress concentrates on the contact portion, and the periphery of the hole 3 is crushed from the contact portion toward the free surface 41. Thus, since the crushing direction changes before and after the protrusion 134 reaches the opening of the hole 3, many cracks are generated in the planned crushing region extending from the hole 3 to the free surface 41 and finely broken. Is done. Therefore, it is possible to easily and efficiently remove the planned crushing area. When the crushing process of the crushing scheduled area is completed in this way, the pressure oil supply to the cylinder 11 is once stopped and the piston 12 is stopped. And the crushing plan area | region is removed (FIG.3 (c)). By repeating the insertion of the tip 131 of the chisel 13 into the drilling hole 3, the crushing operation by the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b, and the crushing operation by the protrusion 134, the crushing region is formed in the hole forming direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3). ) To form a slope 42.

  The problem here is that, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the slope 42 becomes high, the bracket 20 interferes with the slope 42, so that the reciprocating direction of the piston 12 coincides with the axial direction of the chisel 13. It may be difficult to set as such. However, in the present embodiment, the rear end surface 133a of the chisel 13 is finished to be a curved concave surface, while the front end surface 12a of the piston 12 is finished to be a curved convex surface. For this reason, as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2A, even if the reciprocating direction of the piston 12 is inclined with respect to the axial direction of the chisel 13, the front end surface 12a of the piston 12 is the rear end surface 133a of the chisel 13. The chisel 13 can be struck reliably by the piston 12. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c), the working process shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c) is the same as that shown in FIGS. Crushing work can be performed. As a result, despite the presence of the slope 42, the crushing operation can be continued and the high slope 42 can be formed.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the crushing process using the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b and the crushing process using the protrusions 134 can be performed continuously, and the object 4 such as the rock mass is crushed over a wide range. Can improve the work efficiency.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications other than those described above can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the front end surface 12a of the piston 12 and the rear end surface 133a of the chisel 13 are finished as a curved convex surface and a curved concave surface, respectively, but this relationship may be reversed. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to flexibly cope with the situation at the work site as in the above embodiment. The technical idea of finishing one of the piston front end surface and the chisel rear end surface as a curved convex surface and finishing the other as a curved concave surface is not limited to the application to the hydraulic breaker (crushing device) 1 described above. The present invention can also be applied to conventional hydraulic breakers, for example, the hydraulic breakers described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.

  In the above embodiment, the front end surface 12a of the piston 12 and the rear end surface 133a of the chisel 13 are curved in consideration of work restrictions such as the formation of a high slope 42, but there are no work restrictions. May be configured similarly to the chisel described in Patent Document 2, for example. That is, the rear end of the chisel 13 is inserted into the front end of the breaker body so that the chisel 13 is coaxial with the reciprocating axis of the piston 12, and the striking chamber is between the rear end surface of the chisel 13 and the piston 12. May be formed. In the above embodiment, the piston 12 directly hits the rear end surface of the chisel 13. However, in order to reduce the impact sound generated at the time of impact and to suppress the temperature rise, a sheet-like cushioning member is used. The piston 12 may hit the chisel 13 in a state in which is inserted. As the buffer member, a material having a sound deadening property and heat resistance can be used. For example, a tile carpet (product name G-100, product number GA1019 manufactured by Toli Co., Ltd.) can be used.

  In the above embodiment, the number of inclined surfaces at the contact portion 132 is “2”, but the number of inclined surfaces extending from the front end to the rear end side of the contact portion 132 is three or more. Also good. Further, the number of inclined surfaces on which the protrusions are provided and the number of protrusions provided on the inclined surfaces are not limited to the above-described embodiment, and are arbitrary.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the "projection part" of this invention is formed with the steel rod 134, the aspect of a projection part is not limited to this, It protrudes outward from the virtual circle VC As long as it is arbitrary, it may be formed integrally with the inclined surface, for example, and the shape of the protrusion may be a needle-like protrusion.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, a metal protruding part 135 having a shape similar to an artificial nail or a hook may be attached to the inclined surface 132a by welding or the like, whereby the protruding part 135 has the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b. It protrudes in the direction of the tensile stress generated when it abuts on the hole 3 (the right direction in FIG. 5B). In addition, the diameter of the smallest virtual circle VC ′ including the inclined surfaces 132a and 132b and the protruding part 135 in the virtual cross section perpendicular to the formation direction of the drilling hole 3 proceeds from the front end side to the rear end side of the protruding part 135. Therefore, it is large, and the outer peripheral surface of the protruding component 135 is inclined to the inner wall side of the hole 3 from the inclined surface 132a. Further, the protruding part 135 is formed wider than the steel bar 134, and the range of contact with the inner wall of the hole 3 is also widened. For this reason, it has the following effects.

  The chisel 13 may be extracted from the hole 3 before the planned fracture area is removed by a work machine such as a backhoe after the crack has been introduced into the planned fracture area. However, when the protrusion is formed by the steel bar 134, the contact area between the steel bar 134 and the inner wall of the hole 3 is small, and the steel bar 134 enters the inner wall due to stress concentration, and the chisel 13 is pulled out from the hole 3. May be difficult. On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, since the protrusion is constituted by the relatively wide protrusion part 135, the inner wall of the hole 3 is prevented while preventing the protrusion part 135 from entering the inner wall of the hole 3. Cracks can be generated. Therefore, the chisel 13 can be easily pulled out from the hole 3 even after the crack is generated, and excellent workability can be obtained.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the projection part (steel bar 134 and projection component 135) is provided only with respect to one inclined surface 132a, this is for removing only the free surface side of the to-be-crushed object 4. It is for adapting. That is, it is for generating the crack by a projection part only in the free surface side. Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, when a large rock or concrete lump is finely crushed, it is possible to provide protrusions on the inclined surfaces 132 a and 132 b to generate cracks on the entire circumference of the hole 3. desirable. In FIG. 6, the crushing process is performed using the chisel 13 in which the protruding parts 135 are attached to the inclined surfaces 132 a and 132 b, but the chisel 13 in which the steel rod 134 is attached instead of the protruding parts 135. It may be used.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the piston is reciprocated by hydraulic pressure, but the driving source of the piston is not limited to hydraulic pressure, and the driving source used in the entire crushing apparatus, for example, a crushing apparatus using air or the like. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied.

  The present invention can be applied to all crushing techniques for crushing objects to be crushed, such as ground and rocks.

1 ... Hydraulic breaker
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Drilling hole 4 ... Object to be crushed 12 ... Piston 12a ... (tip surface) tip surface 13 ... Chisel 131 ... Tip portion 132 ... Contact portion 132a, 132b ... Inclined surface (contact surface)
133a ... curved concave surface 134 ... steel rod (protrusion)
135: Protruding member (protruding portion)
BP ... Boundary position VC ... Virtual circle

Claims (3)

A crushing device that crushes the periphery of a drilling hole formed in an object to be crushed such as ground or rock,
A front end portion that can be inserted into the drilling hole, and a contact surface that extends from the front end portion toward the rear end side and contacts the opening of the drilling hole when the front end portion is advanced into the drilling hole. A chisel having a contact portion having a plurality of
A piston that reciprocates and strikes the rear end of the chisel,
The diameter of the smallest virtual circle including the plurality of contact surfaces in a virtual cross section perpendicular to the formation direction of the hole is the inner diameter of the hole on the tip side of the contact portion, and the rear end side It grows as you go to
The abutment portion is a projection that protrudes outwardly from the imaginary circle on at least one of the abutment surfaces on the rear end side of the position where the diameter of the imaginary circle is the inner diameter of the hole. have a by striking the chisel, the abutment surface crushing the in a different second direction wherein the first direction the object to be crushed by the protrusion followed to crush an object to be crushed in the first direction A crushing apparatus characterized by:   The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein one of a rear end surface of the chisel that receives a hit from the piston and a front end surface of the piston that hits the chisel has a curved concave surface, and the other has a curved convex surface. . Drilling process to form holes in the ground and rocks to be crushed;
A front end portion that can be inserted into the drilling hole, and a contact surface that extends from the front end portion toward the rear end side and contacts the opening of the drilling hole when the front end portion is advanced into the drilling hole. And a diameter of a minimum virtual circle including the plurality of contact surfaces in a virtual cross section orthogonal to the formation direction of the drilling hole at the tip side of the contact part. The inner diameter of the hole is increased as it advances toward the rear end side, and the abutting portion is located on the rear end side from the position where the diameter of the virtual circle is the inner diameter of the hole. Preparing a chisel having a protrusion projecting outward from the virtual circle on at least one of the contact surfaces of
The tip of the chisel is inserted into the drilling hole, the contact surface is brought into contact with the opening of the drilling hole, and the chisel is struck by a reciprocating piston, whereby the object to be crushed is moved in the first direction. A crushing step of crushing the object to be crushed in a second direction different from the first direction by bringing the protrusion into contact with the opening of the hole after further crushing into the chisel. The crushing method characterized by this.

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