JP2023533386A - 強磁性合金からの希土類金属の回収 - Google Patents
強磁性合金からの希土類金属の回収 Download PDFInfo
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- earth metal
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 rare earth metal chloride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical class Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Nd](Cl)Cl ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003440 dysprosium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005293 ferrimagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AFEXUNWJRCURNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);chloride Chemical compound [O-2].[Cl-].[Fe+3] AFEXUNWJRCURNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHBNLZDGIPPZLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K praseodymium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pr](Cl)Cl LHBNLZDGIPPZLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/22—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25C1/02 - C25C1/20
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C5/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(a)強磁性合金を少なくとも1つの塩素含有ガスと反応させて、揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物および少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を得ることと;
(b)上記の揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物に空気流を提供し、それによって鉄含有塩化物生成物を酸化鉄へと酸化することと;
(c)上記の酸化鉄生成物と少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を分離することと;
(d)上記の分離された少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を冷却することと;
(e)上記の冷却された少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を電気分解すること;
を含み、
これにより、少なくとも1つの希土類金属を回収する。
(a)強磁性合金を少なくとも1つの塩素含有ガスと反応させて、揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物および少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を得ることと;
(b)上記の揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物に空気流を提供し、それによって鉄含有塩化物生成物を酸化鉄へと酸化することと;
(c)上記の酸化鉄生成物と少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を分離することと;
(d)上記の分離された少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を冷却することと;
(e)上記の冷却された少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を電気分解すること;
を含み、
これにより、少なくとも1つの希土類金属を回収する。
実施例1-原子状水素による磁石処理-か焼
強磁性合金のか焼を、室温で1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中で実施した。電気分解を、カソード銅電極および鉛アノード電極を用いて実施した。電流密度は、0.1A/cm2であった。破砕されていない強磁性合金を、カソード電極に取り付けた。カソードで放出される原子状水素は、強磁性合金片の層を通過し、それと反応する。強磁性合金片は、強磁性合金粉末の生成に伴う原子状水素反応によって散乱される。図1、図2、および図8は、原子状水素か焼の前および後の強磁性合金を示す。
使用した磁石片を、投入材料として使用した。
ギブズエネルギーの計算を、コンピュータープログラムを使用し純物質の標準値に基づき実施した[11]。温度範囲273~473Kでのギブズエネルギー(ΔG)を、水素との反応について表2に示す。群1-原子状水素との反応;群2-分子状水素との反応;群3-水中での金属水素化物の加水分解反応。
実験室の設定を図6に示す。試験期間は、2~4時間であった。温度を、室温から沸点へと変化させた。電位は、4.7V、電流は13~15Aであった。カソード電流密度は、0.8~0.9A/cm2であった。
400~450℃での塩素ガスによる強磁性合金粉末の処理。材料を、反応器に装填した。塩素を、反応器に供給し、温度400~450℃に加熱した。反応後、鉄およびホウ素の塩化物は、昇華し、反応器から除去された。塩化鉄を、水でスクラバーに捕捉し、塩化ホウ素を、ガスにより除去した。希土類金属の塩化物は、反応器内に残存した。鉄含有塩化物蒸気生成物(FeCl3)を、スクラバーで受け取り、不揮発性の塩化ネオジムおよび塩化プラセオジム(NdCl3、PrCl3)を、反応器で受け取った。
この実施例では、希土類抽出のプロセスは、磁石の前処理を必要としなかった。使用された磁石は、消磁、破砕、および粉砕の前処理を含まなかった。400℃での処理後に、希土類金属の塩化物からなるクリンカー、ならびに酸化鉄および塩化鉄からなる昇華物が得られた。
塩素ガスによるネオジム磁石の焼結を、400℃で温度制御された実験炉で実施し、焼結時間は2時間であった。実験室の設定を図9に示す。
2FeCl3+1.5O2=Fe2O3+3Cl2(7)
参考文献
1.Asabe, K.;Saguchi, A.;Takahashi, W.;Suzuki, R. O.;Ono, K. Recycling of rare earth magnet scraps:Part I carbon removal by high temperature oxidation.Materials Transactions.2001, 42, 2487-2491.
2.Saguchi, A.;Asabe, K.;Takahashi, W.;Suzuki, R. O.;Ono, K. Recycling of rare earth magnet scraps Part III carbon removal from Nd magnet grinding sludge under vacuum heating.Materials Transactions, 2002, 43, 256-260.
3.Sherdan, R. S.;Sillitoe, R.;Zakotnik, M.;Harris, I. R.;Williams, A. J.Anisotropic powder from sintered NdFeB magnets by HDDR processing route.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2012, 324, 63-67.
4.Sato, N.;Wei, Y.;Nanjo, M.;Masanori, T. Recovery of samarium and neodymium from rare earth magnet scraps by fractional crystallization method.Metallurgical Review of MMIJ 1998, 15, 1-13.
5.Itakura, T.;Sasai, R.;Itoh, H. Resource recovery from Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet by hydrothermal treatment.Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2006, 408-412, 1382-1385.
6.Masahiro Itoh, koji Muira, Ken-ichi Machida.Novel rare earth recovery process on Nd-Fe-B magnet scrap by selective chlorination using NH4Cl.Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 477, 484-487.
7.Tetsuya Uda.Recovery of Rare Earths from Magnet Sludge by FeCl2.Materials Transactions, 2002, 43, 1, 55-62.
8.Sakae Shirayama, Tory H. Okabe.Selective Extraction and Recovery of Nd and Dy from Nd-Fe-B Magnet Scrap by Utilizing Molten MgCl2.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B.2018, 49B, 1067-1077.
9.Yuuki Mochizuki, Naoto Tsubouchi, Katsuyasu Sugawara.Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Dy containing NdFeB Magnets by Chlorination.ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.2013, 1, 655-662.
10.Baibekov M.K., Popov V.D., Cheprakov I.M.TiCl4 production.Moscow, Metallurgia, 1987, 128.
11.E. T.Turkdogan, Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Technology, Academic Press, 1980.
12.Y. Kamimoto, T. Itoh, G. Yoshimura, K. Kuroda, T. Hagio, R. Ichino.Electrodeposition of rare-earth elements from neodymium magnets using molten salt electrolysis.Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management (2018) 20:1918-1922
13.H. Vogel, B. Friedrich.Development and Research Trends of the Neodymium Electrolysis - A Literature Review.European Metallurgical Conference, Dusseldorf.Proceedings of EMC 2015. 1-13.
Claims (11)
- 強磁性合金からの少なくとも1つの希土類金属の回収のための方法であって、
(a)揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物および少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を得るために少なくとも1つの塩素含有ガスと強磁性合金を反応させることと;
(b)前記揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物に空気流を提供すること、それにより酸化鉄へと前記鉄含有塩化物生成物を酸化することと;
(c)前記酸化鉄生成物と少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を分離することと;
(d)前記分離された少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を冷却することと;
(e)前記冷却された少なくとも1つの不揮発性希土類金属塩化物を電気分解すること;
を含み、
これにより前記少なくとも1つの希土類金属を回収する、方法。 - ステップ(a)の少なくとも1つの塩素含有ガスと前記強磁性合金を反応させる前に、前記強磁性合金が任意で、原子状水素か焼処理を用いて粉末合金を形成するためにか焼により前処理される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記か焼が、室温で実施される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの希土類金属が、セリウム(Ce)、ジスプロシウム(Dy)、エルビウム(Er)、ユウロピウム(Eu)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、ホルミウム(Ho)、ランタン(La)、ルテチウム(Lu)、ネオジム(Nd)、プラセオジム(Pr)、プロメチウム(Pm)、サマリウム(Sm)、スカンジウム(Sc)、テルビウム(Tb)、ツリウム(Tm)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、およびイットリウム(Y)から選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の前記反応が、400℃~450℃の温度で実施される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の反応における前記少なくとも1つの塩素含有ガスが、前記強磁性合金の1kgあたり0.5~2.0kgの前記塩素の量で存在する、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)の前記揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物への前記空気流が、前記揮発性鉄含有塩化物生成物の1kgあたり0.5~2.0kgの空気の量で存在する、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記原子状水素か焼処理が、電気分解を用いて実施される、請求項2~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電気分解が、銅、ニッケル、鋼、チタン、またはそれらの組み合わせの第1の電極(カソード)および鉛、ニッケル、鋼、またはそれらの組み合わせの第2の電極(アノード)を使用して実施される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記強磁性合金が、前記第1の電極(カソード)に取り付けられる、請求項2、3、8、9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって調製される少なくとも1つの希土類金属組成物。
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