JP2023522642A - 遺伝子改変自己t細胞を製造するためのプロセス - Google Patents
遺伝子改変自己t細胞を製造するためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
1:Xuri W25細胞培養システムにおいて活性化から増殖まで行う閉鎖系連続自己T細胞バイオプロセシング法を用いて生成された自己T細胞。「Xuri W25バイオリアクター」。
2:G-Rex(登録商標)6及び24ウェルプレートにおいて活性化から増殖まで行うバイオプロセシングシステム。「G-Rex」。
3:活性化及び形質導入をガス透過性バッグで行った後、Xuri W25細胞培養システムでT細胞の増殖を行うハイブリッドバイオプロセシングシステム。「透過性バッグ」。
次いで、1.2E9有核細胞を含む洗浄したアフェレーシスドナー細胞の一部を、同じCD-600.1キットを備えたSepax C-Proプロセシングシステムを用いて、Diluteプログラムの下で、2つのトランスファーバッグ(Charter Medicine、Winston-Salem、NC)に移した。1つのバッグに、約8mlの培地1:(300IU/mLのrhIL2を含むOpTmizer完全培地(ThermoFisher))を加えた。第2のバッグに、約8mlの培地2:(5μMのTWS119(Cayman Chemical、Ann Arbor、MI)、20ng/mlのIL7(Stemcell Technologies、Cambridge、MA)及び20ng/mlのIL-21(Stemcell Technologies)を含有するOpTmizer完全培地)を加えた。各バッグを7.5mlのImmunoCult(商標)ヒトCD3/CD28/CD2(25μl/mlの細胞、Stemcell Technologies)と共に室温で1時間インキュベートして、抗体結合を飽和させた。添加したImmunocultの濃度は、以下の工程で記載するように、300mlの最終活性化培養容量で決定した。OpTmizer完全培地:OpTimizer T細胞増殖培地(ThermoFisher、Waltham、MA)、2.5% 免疫細胞SRサプリメント(ThermoFisher)、2.6% CTS T細胞サプリメント(ThermoFisher)、1% GlutaMax(ThermoFisher)、0.1% Pluronic F68、及び300IU/ml IL2。
培地1及び培地2を用い、製造業者のプロトコールに従って、24ウェル又は6ウェルG-Rex(登録商標)(WilsonWolf、New Brighton、MN)プレートで細胞を培養した。1E6細胞/ウェルをG-Rex(登録商標)プレートに播種し、0日目にImmunoCult(商標)ヒトCD3/CD28/CD2(25ug/ml細胞を含む培地)で活性化した。活性化の約24時間後、細胞を1E6細胞/ウェル(濃度2E6細胞/mL)で播種し、1機能性タイターのMOIに対応する量の同じレンチウイルスベクター(TCRをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む)を各ウェルに加えた。2日目に、培地1及び培地2をウェルの全容量(合計6mL)まで加えてウイルスを希釈した。2~3日毎に培地を交換し、細胞に栄養を与えた。
500E6有核細胞を含む洗浄済みのアフェレーシスドナー細胞を、6mlのImmunoCult(商標)ヒトCD3/CD28/CD2と共にガス透過性バッグ(OriGen、Austin、TX)に移し、37℃、5%CO2で24時間インキュベートした。
図1は、条件1のXuri W25バイオリアクターを使用する閉鎖系連続自己T細胞バイオプロセスの下で生成されたT細胞の、回収時の増殖曲線及びTCR発現を示す。図1Aは、IL2のみ、又はIL7、IL21及びTWS119のカクテルを補充した培地を含むXuri W25バイオリアクターにおける細胞増殖の増殖曲線を示す。IL2を含む培地は10日間で160億個のT細胞を生じ、IL7、IL21及びTWS119を含む培地は10日間で120億個のT細胞を生じた。図1Bは、IL2のみ、又はIL7、IL21及びTWS119のカクテルを補充した培地を含むXuri W25バイオリアクターにおいて増殖した細胞の生存率を示す。細胞生存率は、増殖を通して90%を超え、異なる培地条件間で細胞生存率の差異は観察されなかった。
0日目に、正常な末梢血から採取された300mlの新鮮な白血球アフェレーシス生成物を含有する新鮮なLeukopack(登録商標)(Hemacare、Northridge、CA)を、CD-600.1 Sepax細胞分離キット(GE Healthcare)に無菌接続し、Culture Wash-Proプログラムの下で処理した。Leukopack(登録商標)は、白血球、赤血球及び血小板を含んだ。細胞を1L ClinMACS PBS/EDTA、5mlヒト血清アルブミン(Miltenyi Biotec)中で洗浄し、CS-600.1キット(GE Healthcare)を備えたSepax CPro細胞分離システムを製造業者の取扱説明書に従って使用して、血漿及びアフェレーシス緩衝液を除去した。細胞を洗浄し、実施例1で上述したように計数した。
抗原刺激の間、T細胞は解糖代謝に移行して、エフェクター機能を維持する。しかし、インビトロ増殖中のT細胞分化におけるグルコース代謝の役割は不明である。この研究では、グルコース代謝、特に解糖が、増殖時のエフェクター表現型へのT細胞分化を支持し、2-DGによる解糖の薬理学的阻害が、CD3/CD28/CD2抗原媒介性分化を弱め、メモリー表現型を促進することができるという仮説を立てた。この実験では、T細胞活性化後の解糖を阻害するために、2-DGをアクチベーターと共に細胞に添加した。次いで、解糖を回復させて細胞増殖を支持するために増殖期の後半に2-DGを除去するか、又は収穫まで全プロセスを通して2-DGを維持した。2-DG阻害T細胞分化に由来する改変T細胞は、2-DGを含まない培地に由来するT細胞と比較して、より多くのTscm及びTcmを生成した。これにより、T細胞のより高い収量、より高い導入遺伝子発現、及びT細胞のより多くのメモリー様表現型がもたらされた。
この実験は、ドナーのアフェレーシス細胞試料の細胞(非濃縮)のCAR及びTCR形質導入を、T細胞についてさらに濃縮した同じアフェレーシス細胞試料の細胞(濃縮)と比較した。
非濃縮のアフェレーシスドナー細胞を出発材料として使用することにより、濃縮されたT細胞を出発材料として使用した場合と比較して、表面発現及びゲノム組み込みのレベルでわかるように、形質導入効率が改善された。さらに、アフェレーシスの非濃縮細胞は、低分化T細胞表現型を促進した。試験した3つドナーのうち2つは、CD4+及びCD8+T細胞サブセットの両方において、収穫時のTscm及びTcmについてより高い割合を示した。T細胞純度は、出発物質として濃縮T細胞を使用した場合と非濃縮T細胞を使用した場合で同等であった。
0日目に、正常な末梢血から採取された300mlの新鮮な濃縮白血球アフェレーシス生成物を含有する新鮮なLeukopack(登録商標)(Hemacare、Northridge、CA)を、CD-600.1 Sepax細胞分離キット(GE)に無菌接続し、Culture Wash-Proプログラムの下で処理した。Leukopack(登録商標)は、白血球、赤血球及び血小板を含有した。細胞を1L ClinMACS PBS/EDTA、5mlヒト血清アルブミン(Miltenyi Biotec、San Diego、CA)中で洗浄し、CS-600.1キット(GE Healthcare)を備えたSepax CProを製造業者の取扱説明書に従って使用して、血漿及びアフェレーシス緩衝液を除去した。Leukopack(登録商標)に添付されたドナー情報シートに示された初期白血球(WBC)数に基づいて、細胞を、約50mlのOpTimizer完全培地を用いて150E6WBC/mlの細胞密度で溶出した。
図19は、細胞の増殖曲線及び生存率を示す。生存率の低下は、非T細胞が徐々に死滅するためであると考えられる。
0日目に、正常な末梢血から採取された150mlの白血球アフェレーシス生成物を含有する新鮮なLeukopack(登録商標)(Hemacare、Northridge、CA)の半分を、CD-600.1 Sepax細胞分離キット(GE)に無菌接続し、Culture Wash-Proプログラムの下で処理した。Leukopack(登録商標)は、白血球、赤血球及び血小板を含有した。細胞を1L ClinMACS PBS/EDTA、5mlヒト血清アルブミン(Miltenyi Biotec、San Diego、CA)中で洗浄し、CS-600.1キット(GE Healthcare)を備えたSepax C-Pro細胞分離システムを製造業者の取扱説明書に従って使用して、血漿及びアフェレーシス緩衝液を除去した。
図25は、CD69、CD25、及び4-1BBによって測定された、コーティングされた抗CD3(OKT3)抗体及びpan T細胞活性化の滴定の結果を示す。T細胞の刺激に基づいて、1μg/mlの抗CD3を可溶性アクチベーターとの比較のために選択した。
以前に凍結されたアフェレーシス細胞を解凍し、上記のように、ImmunocultCD3/CD28/CD2(25μl/mlの細胞、Stemcell Technologies)で24時間活性化した。活性化後1日目に、TRCをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含むレンチウイルスベクターを、1×106細胞に、MOIが1以上の高い感染多重度(MOI)で添加する(A)、又はMOIを2以下に減少させる(B)。形質導入の7日後に、細胞をTCR発現についてアッセイした。1を超えるMOIでは、観察可能なMOI効果は観察されなかった。報告された値は、4人の異なるドナー由来のCD8+T細胞におけるTCR発現の平均である。図31A及び31Bは、MOI1が大規模な閉鎖系バイオプロセスにおけるレンチウイルスによる形質導入に最適であったことを示す。
Claims (67)
- 少なくとも1つの目的タンパク質を発現する遺伝子改変自己T細胞を製造する方法であって、
培養培地を含有するクローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグに、アフェレーシスドナー細胞及び1つ以上の可溶性T細胞アクチベーターを播種する工程(ここで、前記バイオリアクターバッグは、ロッキング式バイオリアクタープラットフォームの一部である)、
約2RPMの速度で連続的にロッキングしながら、前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中で前記細胞を培養する工程、
約2RPMの速度で連続的にロッキングしながら、前記目的タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む少なくとも1つの可溶性ウイルスベクターで前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記細胞に形質導入する工程、並びに
約2RPMのロッキング速度で前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記細胞を増殖させるとともに、前記培養物を収穫まで維持するために必要に応じて前記培養物容量及びロッキング速度を増加させる工程
を含む方法。 - 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞は、末梢血由来の細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞は、有核細胞及び無核細胞を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞は、白血球及び赤血球を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞はまた、顆粒球及び/又は血小板を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスは、白血球アフェレーシスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞を洗浄し、培養培地に再懸濁する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのT細胞アクチベーターは、抗CD3抗体又はその結合フラグメントである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞アクチベーターは、抗CD3抗体及び抗CD28抗体、又はその結合フラグメントを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞アクチベーターは、少なくとも抗CD3抗体、抗CD28抗体、及び抗CD2抗体、又はその結合フラグメントを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞アクチベーターは、少なくとも抗ヒトCD3単一特異性四量体抗体複合体、抗ヒトCD28単一特異性四量体抗体複合体、及び抗ヒトCD2単一特異性四量体抗体複合体を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの可溶性T細胞アクチベーターの濃度は、少なくとも0.001μg/ml~少なくとも10μg/mlである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの可溶性T細胞アクチベーターの濃度は、少なくとも0.1μg/ml~少なくとも5μg/mlである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの可溶性T細胞アクチベーターは、播種時に少なくとも1つのドナー細胞に結合する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞は、前記バイオリアクターバッグに播種される前に、前記1つ以上の可溶性T細胞アクチベーターと共にインキュベートされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記インキュベーションは、播種前に前記1つ以上の可溶性T細胞アクチベーターの前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞への結合を十分に飽和させることができるだけの時間である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞及び前記1つ以上の可溶性T細胞アクチベーターは、トランスファーバッグ中でインキュベートされる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記トランスファーバッグ内の培養培地の容量は約5ml~約50mlである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記トランスファーバッグ内の培養培地の容量は約5ml~約10mlである、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞は、前記1つ以上のT細胞アクチベーターと共に少なくとも30分間以上インキュベートされる、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞は、前記1つ以上のT細胞アクチベーターと共に少なくとも1時間インキュベートされる、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞内の有核細胞の数は、約1.0E9~約1.3E9である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞内の有核細胞の数は、約1.2E9である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオリアクターバッグに、約1E6~約5E6有核細胞/mlの細胞密度で、前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞を播種される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオリアクターバッグに、約2E6の細胞密度で、前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞を播種される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオリアクターバッグは、播種時に少なくとも300ml~少なくとも400mlの培養培地を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオリアクターバッグは、播種時に少なくとも300mlの培養培地を含有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記アフェレーシスドナー細胞は、前記バイオリアクターバッグ内で約12~24時間培養される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記培養培地は、少なくとも1つの可溶性サイトカインを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性サイトカインは、IL-2、IL-7、IL-15又はIL-21から選択される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの可溶性サイトカインは、IL-2である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記IL-2は、約250IU/ml~約350IU/mlの濃度である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記IL-2は、約300IU/mlの濃度である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性サイトカインは、IL-15又はIL-21と組み合わせたIL-7である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのサイトカインの濃度は、少なくとも5ng/ml~少なくとも30ng/mlである、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのサイトカインの濃度は、少なくとも10ng/ml~少なくとも20ng/mlである、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記培養培地はまた、WNT経路アクチベーターを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記WNT経路アクチベーターは、TWS117である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記培養培地は、可溶性TWS117、IL-7及びIL-21の混合物を含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記培養培地はまた、可溶性解糖阻害剤を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性解糖阻害剤は、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース(2-DG)である、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルスベクターは、レトロウイルスベクターである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルスベクターは、レンチウイルスベクターである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記レンチウイルスベクターは、0.25~10のMOIで添加される、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記レンチウイルスベクターは、1のMOIで添加される、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞は、約20~24時間、形質導入される、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 形質導入後、前記培養培地の半分を前記バイオリアクターバッグから取り出し、等量の新鮮な培養培地と交換する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記培養物を約12~24時間インキュベートする、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 増殖中、新鮮な培養培地を、フェドバッチ/潅流供給によって、及び/又は潅流によって前記バイオリアクターに添加される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 増殖中、前記培養物は、1日当たり1バイオリアクターバッグ容量の速度で潅流される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞の増殖に伴い、前記バイオリアクター中の前記培養培地の容量を、増殖中に1リットルまで徐々に増加させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞の増殖に伴い、前記培養培地の容量を、少なくとも2E6有核細胞/mlの細胞密度を維持するように徐々に増加させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞の増殖に伴い、前記バイオリアクター中の前記培養培地の容量を、少なくとも4E6有核細胞/mlの細胞密度を維持するように、増殖中に1リットルまで徐々に増加させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞の増殖に伴い、前記ロッキング速度を6RPMまで徐々に増加させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記増殖の開始時、前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記培養培地の容量は300mlであり、2°の角度で2rpmの速度でロッキングする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記培養物は、約80~100%のO2に維持される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を7~14日間増殖させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記培養、形質導入、及び/又は増殖工程は、34~37℃で実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記目的タンパク質は、細胞表面受容体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞表面受容体は、T細胞受容体又はキメラ抗原受容体である、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞表面受容体は、標的細胞に関連する抗原標的を認識する、請求項60に記載の方法。
- 前記標的細胞は、癌細胞である、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子改変自己T細胞は、それを必要とする患者の症状を治療するために使用される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の遺伝子改変自己T細胞を含む医薬組成物。
- その治療を必要とする患者の症状を治療する方法であって、前記患者に請求項64に記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む方法。
- 目的のタンパク質を発現する遺伝子改変自己T細胞における導入遺伝子発現を増加させる方法であって、
培養培地を含有するクローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグに、アフェレーシスドナー細胞及び1つ以上の可溶性T細胞アクチベーターを播種する工程(ここで、前記少なくとも1つの可溶性T細胞アクチベーターは、播種時に少なくとも1つのドナー細胞に結合しており、且つ前記バイオリアクターバッグは、ロッキング式バイオリアクタープラットフォームの一部である)、
約2RPMの速度で連続的にロッキングしながら、前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中で前記細胞を培養する工程、
約2RPMの速度で連続的にロッキングしながら、前記目的タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む少なくとも1つの可溶性ウイルスベクターで前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記細胞に形質導入する工程、並びに
約2RPMのロッキング速度で前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記細胞を増殖させるとともに、前記培養物を収穫まで維持するために必要に応じて前記培養物容量及びロッキング速度を増加させる工程
を含み、
前記導入遺伝子の発現は、同じアフェレーシスドナー細胞からのT細胞の濃縮集団に由来し、同じ目的タンパク質を発現する遺伝子改変自己T細胞の導入遺伝子の発現より大きい方法。 - 目的のタンパク質を発現する遺伝子改変自己T細胞で患者を治療する方法であって、
前記患者由来のアフェレーシス細胞を、抗CD3抗体、抗CD2抗体及び抗CD28抗体、又はその結合フラグメントからなる群から選択される1つ以上のT細胞アクチベーターと共にインキュベートして、抗体結合を飽和させる工程、
培養培地を含有するクローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグに、前記アフェレーシス細胞を播種する工程(ここで、前記バイオリアクターバッグは、ロッキング式バイオリアクタープラットフォームの一部である)、
約2RPMの速度で連続的にロッキングしながら、前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中で前記細胞を培養する工程、
約2RPMの速度で連続的にロッキングしながら、前記目的タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む少なくとも1つの可溶性ウイルスベクターで前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記細胞に形質導入する工程、
約2RPMのロッキング速度で前記クローズドシングルユースバイオリアクターバッグ中の前記細胞を増殖させるとともに、前記培養物を収穫まで所望の細胞密度に維持するために必要に応じて前記培養物容量及びロッキング速度を増加させる工程、
凍結保存のために、前記細胞を収穫し製剤化するする工程、
前記細胞を凍結し、前記患者に投与するために必要とされるまで保存する工程、並びに
前記細胞を解凍し、注入に好適な培地に再懸濁する工程、並びに
前記目的のタンパク質を発現する薬学的に有効な量の遺伝子改変自己T細胞を患者に再導入する工程
を含む方法。
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