JP2023510563A - 正極スクラップを用いた活物質の再使用方法 - Google Patents
正極スクラップを用いた活物質の再使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023510563A JP2023510563A JP2022543004A JP2022543004A JP2023510563A JP 2023510563 A JP2023510563 A JP 2023510563A JP 2022543004 A JP2022543004 A JP 2022543004A JP 2022543004 A JP2022543004 A JP 2022543004A JP 2023510563 A JP2023510563 A JP 2023510563A
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- lithium
- positive electrode
- reusing
- particles
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004412 Bulk moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 101000856236 Clostridium acetobutylicum (strain ATCC 824 / DSM 792 / JCM 1419 / LMG 5710 / VKM B-1787) Butyrate-acetoacetate CoA-transferase subunit B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxoboron Chemical compound [Li].O=[B] MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical class [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
以下の方法で正極活物質を準備した後、評価した。
上述したような本発明の活物質再使用方法によって再使用活物質を収去した。NCM系リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物活物質を有する正極板を打ち抜いた後に捨てられる正極スクラップを準備し、段階S30で、熱処理を550℃で30分間行った。段階S40で、洗浄をLiOHを用いて10分間行った。
実施例1に加え、段階S60の活物質の表面保護層の回復工程も行った。
再使用活物質ではなく、フレッシュなNCM系リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を使用した。
上述したような本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち、段階S30の熱処理のみを行って、バインダー、導電材の除去及びAl集電体を分離してNCM系リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物活物質を収去した。段階S30は、実施例1と同じ条件で行った。本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち、段階S40以後の段階は行わなかった。
比較例2に加え、上述したような本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち、段階S40の表面改質までをさらに行って活物質を収去した。即ち、表面改質は行うが、本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち段階S42以後の段階は行わなかった。段階S40は、実施例1と同じ条件で行った。
比較例2に加え、上述したような本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち、段階S40の表面改質は行わず、段階S42と段階S44を省略して段階S50の結晶構造回復までのみを行ってNCM系リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物活物質を収去した。結晶構造回復のためのアニーリングを行っており、この際、リチウム前駆体を添加せずに行われたことに留意する。
実施例1と同様に、段階S30、S40及びS50のみを行った。結晶構造回復のためのアニーリングを行っており、この際、リチウム前駆体を添加せずに行われたことに留意する。
20 正極活物質層
30 正極シート
40 正極板
50 正極スクラップ
100 リチウム前駆体水溶液
110 活物質
120 混合溶液
120’ 微細液滴
120” 噴霧乾燥活物質
125 マグネチックスターラー
130 噴霧ノズル
140 加熱容器
150 採集容器
Claims (20)
- (a)集電体上のリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物からなる正極活物質層を含む正極スクラップを空気中で熱処理して前記活物質層中のバインダーと導電材を熱分解することで、前記集電体を前記活物質層から分離し、前記活物質層中の活物質を回収する段階と、
(b-1)回収された活物質を水溶液状態で塩基性を示すリチウム化合物水溶液で洗浄して乾燥する段階と、
(b-2)前記乾燥された活物質を粉砕する段階と、
(b-3)前記粉砕された活物質にリチウム前駆体を添加する段階と、
(c)前記リチウム前駆体が添加された活物質をアニーリングして再使用可能な活物質を得る段階と、を含む、正極活物質の再使用方法。 - (d)アニーリングされた活物質に表面コーティングする段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物が、数十~数百nmの大きさを有する一次粒子が集まって二次粒子化した大粒子を含み、前記粉砕する段階は、前記乾燥された活物質を前記一次粒子の大きさ以上のサイズに小粒子化する段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物が、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含むことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記熱処理を300~650℃で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム化合物水溶液は、0%超過15%以下のリチウム化合物を含むように製造され、前記洗浄を1時間以内で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記洗浄は、前記回収された活物質を前記リチウム化合物水溶液に含浸すると共に攪拌することで行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記粉砕する段階は、ボールミル、遊星ミル、グラインダー、3本ロールミルまたはジェットミルを用いて行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記粉砕された活物質にリチウム前駆体を添加する段階は、固相または液相の形態で添加することを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記粉砕された活物質にリチウム前駆体を添加する段階は、前記粉砕された活物質をリチウム前駆体溶液に混合して噴霧乾燥することで粒度調節された活物質を得る段階であることを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体は、LiOH、Li2CO3、LiNO3及びLi2Oのいずれか一つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体を、前記活物質層に使用された原材料活物質中のリチウムと他の金属との割合に対し、損失されたリチウムの割合分を補い得る量で添加することを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体を、リチウム添加量が0.001~0.4モル比となる量で添加することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体は、リチウムと他の金属とのモル比を1:1基準にして、リチウムを0.0001~0.1モル比となる量でさらに添加することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記アニーリングを400~1,000℃の空気中で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記アニーリングの段階の温度は、前記リチウム前駆体の融点を超過する温度であることを特徴とする、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記活物質層中の活物質を、粉末形態で回収し、前記バインダーや導電材の炭化によって生じる炭素成分が表面に残留しないことを特徴とする、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記表面コーティングの段階は、金属、有機金属及び炭素成分のいずれか一種以上を固相または液相方式で表面にコーティングした後、100~1,200℃で熱処理することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記再使用可能な活物質は、フッ素(F)の含量が100ppm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
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