JP2023500841A - 疾患抗原が融合したタンパク質およびその用途 - Google Patents
疾患抗原が融合したタンパク質およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
1.候補タンパク質を合成するための発現ベクターの製造
huHFは、24個の単量体で構成された球状タンパク質(12nm)であり、各単量体は合計5個のαヘリックスで構成されている。本発明者らは、huHF単量体の各αヘリックスの間のループ(PDB 3AJOシーケンスを基準にhuHF 5T~176G中のABループ;45D/46Vの間、BCループ;92D/93W、CDループ;126D/127P、DEループ;162E/163S)とN末端およびC末端に実際の腫瘍抗原の1つであるgp100ペプチドを遺伝子クローニングにより挿入することで、huHFの様々な位置にgp100ペプチドが挿入された送達体を確保した(図1および図2)。本発明者らは、以前の研究(米国登録特許10,206,987)において、センチネルリンパ標的効率が最も良いhuHFナノ粒子の表面構成を癌特異抗原送達ナノ粒子に選定した。
大腸菌菌株BL21(DE3)[F-ompThsdSB(rB-mB-)]を前記で製造された発現ベクターでそれぞれ形質転換し、アンピシリン-抵抗性形質転換体を選択した。形質転換された大腸菌を、50mLのLB(Luria-Bertani)培地(100mgのL-1アンピシリンを含有)を含有するフラスコ(250mL三角フラスコ、37℃、150rpm)で培養した。培地の濁度(O.D600)が約0.5~0.7に達したとき、IPTG(Isopropyl-β-Dthiogalactopyranosid)(1.0mM)を注入して組換え遺伝子の発現を誘導した。
前記実施例2で得られた上澄み液を3段階の過程を経て精製した。まず、1)組換えタンパク質に融合したヒスチジンとニッケルの結合を用いたNi2+-NTAアフィニティークロマトグラフィーを行った後、2)組換えタンパク質を濃縮し、バッファー交換によって蛍光物質を付着し、3)最後に、蛍光物質が付着した自己集合タンパク質のみを分離するために、スクロース勾配超遠心分離(ultracentifugation)を行った。各段階の詳細は以下の通りである。
組換えタンパク質を精製するために、前記と同様の方法で培養された大腸菌を回収し、その細胞ペレットを5mLのライシスバッファー(pH8.0、50mMリン酸ナトリウム、300mM NaCl、20mMイミダゾール)に再浮遊し、超音波破砕機を用いて細胞を破砕した。破砕した細胞液を13,000rpmで10分間遠心分離してその上澄み液のみを分離した後、各組換えタンパク質をNi2+-NTAカラム(Qiagen, Hilden, Germany)を用いてそれぞれ分離した(洗浄バッファー:pH8.0、50mMリン酸ナトリウム、300mM NaCl、80mMイミダゾール/溶出バッファー:pH8.0、50mMリン酸ナトリウム、300mM NaCl、200mMイミダゾール)。
イメージングのために、huHF-gp100粒子とhuHF-PD1粒子は、Ni2+-NTAアフィニティークロマトグラフィーを経て溶出された3mlの組換えタンパク質を、超遠心ろ過器(Ultracentrifugal filter、Amicon Ultra 100K、Millipore、Billerica、MA)に入れて、カラムの上に1mlの溶液が残るまで5,000gで遠心分離を行った。その後、NIR蛍光物質であるcy5.5およびFITC(フルオレセインイソチオシアン酸塩)を付着するために、タンパク質粒子を重炭酸ナトリウム(sodium bicarbonate)(0.1M、pH8.5)バッファーでバッファー交換を行い、常温で12時間蛍光物質を付着した。
PBS(2.7mM KCl、137mM NaCl、2mM KH2PO4、10mM Na2HPO4、pH7.4)バッファーにスクロースを濃度別にそれぞれ添加し、40%、35%、30%、25%、20%のスクロースを含む溶液をそれぞれ準備した。その後、超高速遠心分離用チューブ(ultraclear 13.2ml tube、Beckman)に各濃度別(45~20%)のスクロース溶液を濃度の高い溶液から2mlずつ入れた後、準備した自己集合用バッファーに存在する組換えタンパク質溶液を1ml充填した後、35,000rpmで4℃において16時間超高速遠心分離を行った(Ultracentrifuge L-90k、Beckman)。遠心分離後、慎重にパイペットを用いて上層(20-25%スクロース溶液部分)を、前記2)に記載されているように超遠心ろ過器(Ultracentrifugal filter)とPBSバッファーを用いて組換えタンパク質のバッファーを交換した。
実施例3で製造した各タンパク質(gp100-huHF-loops、huHF-PD1、huHF-TPP1、huHF-αPD-L1 HCDR3、huHF-smPD1)の精製された組換えタンパク質の構造を分析するために、透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)で組換えタンパク質を撮影した。まず、染色していない精製タンパク質のサンプルを、カーボンコートされた銅電子顕微鏡グリッド(grids)に載せて自然乾燥した。タンパク質の染色された画像を得るために、自然乾燥したサンプルを含む電子顕微鏡グリッドを2%(w/v)水性ウラニルアセテート溶液と共に10分間室温でインキュベートし、蒸留水で3~4回洗浄した。タンパク質の画像をフィリップスTechnai 120kV電子顕微鏡を用いて観察したところ、各々の粒子が球状のナノ粒子を形成することを確認した(図3および図5)。また、DLS(dynamic light scattering)測定により、各gp100-huHF-loops、huHF-PD1、huHF-TPP1(AB、CDループ)、huHF-αPD-L1 HCDR3(CDループ、C末端)、huHF-smPD1粒子の直径をソルーション中で測定した(図3および図5)。
本発明者らは、huHF送達体の免疫細胞活性増強効果を証明するために、実施例3で製造した各タンパク質(gp100-huHF-loops)の精製された組換えタンパク質とTfR(transferrin receptor)との結合能をMST(Microscale Thermophoresis)装置により測定した。その結果、腫瘍抗原を含んでいないhuHFナノ粒子が最もTfRとの結合能に優れており、CDヘリックスの間に腫瘍抗原が挿入されたCD-loop-gp100ナノ粒子の結合能がその次に優れていることを確認した。このことから、CD-loop-gp100粒子が最もTfRとの結合を阻害しないことを間接的に確認した(図4)。
実施例3で製造した蛍光物質が付着したgp100-huHF-loopsの各タンパク質とhuHFタンパク質の樹状細胞の取込(uptake)効率を比較した。
前記の実験結果に基づいて、前記実施例3で製造した5つのタンパク質を、蛍光度を合わせて5週齢のヌードマウス(各実験群当たりn=3)に注入した後、gp100抗原発現腫瘍を皮下注射法(food pad injection)で注入し、一定期間の間、腫瘍の成長程度を分析して、huHF-gp100 loopタンパク質のすべてがリンパ節へのターゲティング効率が良いのかを確認した。各々の粒子を20μlずつマウスの右足に注入し、1時間実験を行った。
実施例1~3の方法でPBS(バッファー)とhuHF-gp100ループタンパク質を製造し、C57BL/6に1週に1回ずつ合計3週間ワクチン注入によってリンパ節内の免疫細胞の免疫応答をブースト(boosting)した後、その免疫細胞が集まる脾臓を摘出して粉砕した。粉砕した脾臓内でgp100メラノーマ特異的抗原により特異的に免疫応答が誘導されたCD8+T細胞を抽出した後、インビトロ(in vitro)上で免疫応答を起こすことが知られているgp100の特定部分抗原ペプチド(KVPRNQDWL)を用いて、T細胞と反応させてgp100特異的なサイトカインが分泌されるかどうかをFACS分析により確認した。その結果、126-gp100-huHFタンパク質を注入したマウスの脾臓から抽出したCD8+T細胞からサイトカインが最も多く分泌されることを確認した(図10)。
実施例1~3の方法でPBS(バッファー)とhuHF-OVAループタンパク質を製造し、C57BL/6に1週に1回ずつ合計3週間ワクチン注入によってリンパ節内の免疫細胞の免疫応答をブースト(boosting)した後、その免疫細胞が集まる脾臓を摘出して粉砕した。粉砕した脾臓内でOVA免疫ペプチドがMHC-Iによって表面表出された樹状細胞(DC)を捕捉する抗体を用いて、樹状細胞の表面にペプチドを最も良好に露出させるタンパク質を確認した。
前記の実験結果に基づいて、huHF、huHF-gp100ループ(10μM)タンパク質およびPBSバッファーのみのサンプルをそれぞれC57BL/6マウス(n=3)に1週間間隔で3回、皮下注射で注入した。その後、1週間免疫応答が起こるように時間を置いた後、各々のマウスにB16F10細胞株を植え、癌の成長速度を観察した。
本発明者らは、前記huHF-PD1タンパク質が、実際の抗体治療剤であるPD-L1抗体と比較して、免疫チェックポイント抑制による癌治療効果を有するかどうかを判断するために、一定のサイズの大腸癌腫瘍(CT26)が形成されたマウスBalb/cを用いて、3日間隔でPBS、PD-L1抗体、huHF-PD1タンパク質を静脈注射で注入した。観察の結果、huHF-PD1タンパク質が抗体治療剤と類似した腫瘍治療効果を示すことを確認した(図13)。
本発明者らは、huHF-PD1タンパク質が実際の抗体治療剤であるPDL1抗体と比較して、免疫チェックポイント抑制による癌治療効果があるかどうかを判断するために、PD-L1抗体とhuHF-PD1タンパク質の癌細胞との反応時のT-細胞の活性反応と癌細胞の死滅効率を比較した。大腸癌および黒色腫の癌細胞にPDL1抗体とhuHF-PD1タンパク質を処理した後、インビトロでT細胞の反応を観察した場合、huHF-PD1タンパク質を処理した実験群でPD-L1抗体を処理した実験群よりもCD8+細胞から誘導される癌細胞死可能な特異的サイトカインIFN-γがさらに検出されることを確認し、追加に癌細胞死率もより高いことを確認した。このことから、huHF-PD1タンパク質がPD-L1抗体よりも癌細胞治療効果が良いと予測した(図15A、B)。また、実験群1)無処理群(No treat)、2)第1タンパク質処理群(AH1-huHFおよびgp100-huHF)、3)抗体治療剤処理群(α-PD-L1)、4)第2タンパク質処理群(huHF-PD1)、5)第1タンパク質と抗体治療剤の併用投与群(AH1-huHF+α-PD-L1およびgp100-huHF+α-PD-L1)、および、6)第1タンパク質と第2タンパク質の併用投与群(AH1-huHF+huHF-PD1およびgp100-huHF+huHF-PD1)に対するT細胞の活性反応も観察した。その結果、腫瘍成長抑制の結果が最も良好であった6番実験群(AH1-huHF+huHF-PD1およびgp100-huHF+huHF-PD1)においてT細胞の活性が最も優れていることをまた確認した(図15C)。
本発明者らは、huHF-PD1タンパク質は、実際の抗体治療剤であるPDL1抗体と比較して、免疫チェックポイント抑制による癌治療効果を有するとともに、生体内注入時の免疫副作用の誘発程度も減少することを証明した。従来の抗体治療剤の最大の問題は、タンパク質の投入時の体内長期間蓄積による免疫副作用誘発の問題である。この免疫副作用を引き起こす最も代表的なサイトカインはIL-17と知られている。そこで、本発明者らは実施例11で説明した1~6番実験群の血液サンプルを用いて、IL-17検出テストを行った。
実施例11での癌成長阻害実験の結果、第1タンパク質(CD loop-huHF)と第2タンパク質(huHF-PD1)が生体内で実際に腫瘍成長抑制および併用治療時の相乗効果を有するかを確認した。そこで、前記結果に基づいて、手術後も癌が再発するかどうかを調べるために実験を行った。実験群としては、実施例11と同様に、1)無処理群(No treat)、2)第1タンパク質処理群(AH1-huHF)、3)抗体治療剤処理群(α-PD-L1)、4)第2タンパク質処理群(huHF-PD1)、5)第1タンパク質と抗体治療剤の併用投与群(AH1-huHF+α-PD-L1)、および、6)第1タンパク質と第2タンパク質の併用投与群(AH1-huHF+huHF-PD1)を使用した。腫瘍が成長して治療を進行し、腫瘍特異的な免疫細胞が体内に産生されたと判断した3週間後、全ての実験群の腫瘍を手術により除去した。その後、再びCT26大腸癌細胞を全ての実験群に処理し、癌が発生するかを観察した。
前記実施例12と同様の方法で当該実験群(1)無処理群(No treat)、2)第1タンパク質処理群(AH1-huHFおよびgp100-huHF)、3)抗体治療剤処理群(α-PD-L1)、4)第2タンパク質処理群(huHF-PD1)、5)第1タンパク質と抗体治療剤の併用投与群(AH1-huHF+α-PD-L1およびgp100-huHF+α-PD-L1)、および、6)第1タンパク質と第2タンパク質の併用投与群(AH1-huHF+huHF-PD1およびgp100-huHF+huHF-PD1)のT細胞の活性反応を観察した。
フェリチンのN末端とAヘリックスの間にgp100が融合した構造、EヘリックスとC末端の間にgp100が融合した構造、Dヘリックスの内部にgp100が融合した構造、Eヘリックスの内部にgp100が融合した構造を製造した。
製造したタンパク質のトランスフェリンへの結合力Aを以下の方法により測定した。
pT7-7ベースの様々な発現ベクターでBL21(DE3)コンピテントセル(competent cell)を形質転換(transformation)した。単一コロニーをアンピシリン100mg/Lが添加されたLB液体培地(50mL)に接種し、振とう培養機(shaking incubator)で37℃、130rpmの条件で培養した。濁度(turbidity/optical density at 600nm)が0.5に達すると、IPTGの1mMを投与して標的タンパク質の発現を誘導した。その後、20℃で12~16時間培養した後、培養液中の細胞を遠心分離(13,000rpm、10分)によってスピンダウン(spun-down)し、細胞ペレットを回収して10mM Tris-Hcl(pH7.4)バッファーに再浮遊させた。再浮遊された細胞は、ブランソンのソニファイアー(Branson Sonifier、Branson Ultrasonics Corp.、Danbury、CT)を用いて破裂した。音波処理後、溶解性タンパク質を含む上澄み液と不溶性タンパク質を含む凝集体は、遠心分離(13,000rpm、10分)で分離した。分離された溶解性、不溶性タンパク質画分のSDS-PAGE分析によって溶解度を分析した。すなわち、クマシー(Coomassie)で染色された標的タンパク質バンドは、濃度計(densitometer、Duoscan T1200、Bio-Rad、Hercules、CA)でスキャンした後、水溶性画分の割合を定量化した。具体的には、スキャンしたSDS-PAGEゲル画像を用いて、「Quantity One」プログラム「Volume Rect.Tool」でバンドの太さとバックグラウンドの値を設定した後、「Volume Analysis Report」を用いて、溶解性、不溶性タンパク質画分の合計を100%に設定し、溶解度を定量化した。
(1)huHFのC末端にマウススモールPD1(配列番号8)が融合したタンパク質を製造し、その効能を確認した(図23)。
α-PD-L1 HCDR3がフェリチン単量体の互いに異なる位置に融合したタンパク質を製造し、腫瘍抑制能を確認した。
(1)タンパク質製造用発現ベクターの構成
下記表13の配列を使用し、下記の図29~36、表14のベクター模式図に従ってPCRを行い、huHF-αPD1 HCDR3(C末端)、huHF-αCTLA4 HCDR3(C末端)、huHF αTIGIT HCDR3(C末端)、huHF-αLAG3 HCDR3(C末端)、huHF-αTIM3 HCDR3(C末端)、huHF-αPD-L1 HCDR3(ABループ)-αTIGIT HCDR3(C末端)(dual blocker)を製造した。製造した全てのプラスミド発現ベクターをアガロースゲルで精製し、完全なDNAシーケンシングによって配列を確認した。
実施例2~4と同様の方法でタンパク質の製造および水溶性画分を確認し、実施例5と同様の方法で球状のナノ粒子の形成有無を確認した(図29~36)。
各抗体に対する抗原を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様の方法で抗原に対する結合力を測定した。
抗体の結合力を表16に、実施例のタンパク質の結合力を表17及び18に示す。これを参照すると、実施例のタンパク質がヒト抗原に対して優れた結合力を示すことを確認できる。
Claims (18)
- K≦100nMである、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- K≦50nMである、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、gp100、MART-1、Melna-A、MAGE-A3、MAGE-C2、マンマグロビンA(Mammaglobin-A)、プロテイナーゼ3(Proteinase-3)、ムシン1(Mucin-1)、HPV E6、LMP2、PSMA、GD2、hTERT、PAP、ERG、NA17、ALK、GM3、EPhA2、NA17-A、TRP-1、TRP-2、NY-ESO-1、CEA、CA125、AFP、サバイビン(Survivin)、AH1、ras、G17DT、MUC1、Her-2/neu、E75、p53、PSA、HCG、PRAME、WT1、URLC10、VEGFR1、VEGFR2、E7、チロシナーゼ(Tyrosinase)ペプチド、B16F10、EL4および新生抗原(neoantigen)からなる群より選択されるいずれか一つである、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記フェリチンはヒトフェリチン重鎖である、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記フェリチン単量体24個が自己集合した球状である、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、前記フェリチン単量体の隣接するαヘリックスの間の少なくとも一つに融合する、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、前記フェリチン単量体のN末端またはC末端に融合している、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、前記フェリチン単量体のABループ、BCループ、CDループまたはDEループに融合している、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、前記フェリチン単量体のN末端とAヘリックスの間、またはEヘリックスとC末端の間に融合している、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、前記フェリチン単量体のヘリックスの少なくとも一つの内部に融合している、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、アミノ酸の長さが25aa以下である、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記タンパク質は、大腸菌生産システムにおいて水溶性画分の割合が40%以上で存在する、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記疾患抗原エピトープは、脳癌、頭頸部癌、膀胱癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、子宮内膜癌、食道癌、白血病、肺癌、肝癌、卵巣癌、膵臓癌、前立腺癌、直腸癌、腎臓癌、胃癌、精巣癌、子宮癌、血管腫瘍、扁平細胞癌種、腺癌種、小細胞癌種、黒色腫、神経膠腫、神経芽細胞腫、肉腫、喉頭癌、耳下腺癌、胆道癌、甲状腺癌、日光角化症、急性リンパ球性白血病、急性骨髄性白血病、腺様嚢胞癌、腺腫、腺扁平上皮癌腫、肛門管癌、肛門癌、肛門直腸癌、星細胞腫、バルトリン腺癌、基底細胞癌腫、胆汁癌、骨癌、骨髄癌、気管支癌、気管支腺癌腫、カルチノイド、胆管癌腫、慢性リンパ球性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病、淡明細胞癌腫、結合組織癌、嚢腺腫、消化器系癌、十二指腸癌、内分泌系癌、内胚葉洞腫瘍、子宮内膜増殖症、子宮内膜様腺癌、内皮細胞癌、上衣腫、上皮細胞癌、眼窩癌、局所性結節性過形成、胆嚢癌、幽門洞癌、胃基底部癌、ガストリノーマ、膠芽腫、グルカゴノーマ、心臓癌、血管芽細胞腫、血管内皮腫、血管腫、肝腺腫、肝腺腫症、肝胆道癌、肝細胞癌腫、ホジキン病、回腸癌、インスリノーマ、上皮内新生物、上皮内扁平細胞新生物、肝内胆道癌、浸潤性扁平細胞癌腫、空腸癌、関節癌、骨盤癌、巨細胞癌腫、大腸癌、リンパ腫、悪性中皮腫、髄芽腫、髄質上皮腫、脳膜癌、中皮癌、転移性癌腫、口腔癌、粘表皮癌、多発性骨髄腫、筋肉癌、鼻腔癌、神経系癌、非上皮皮膚癌、非ホジキンリンパ腫、燕麦細胞癌、乏突起膠腫、口腔癌、骨肉腫、漿液性乳頭状腺癌、陰茎癌、咽頭癌、下垂体腫瘍、形質細胞性腫瘍、偽肉腫、肺芽腫、直腸癌、腎細胞癌腫、呼吸器系癌、網膜芽細胞腫、漿液性癌、副鼻腔癌、皮膚癌、小細胞癌、小腸癌、平滑筋肉腫、軟部組織癌、ソマトスタチノーマ、脊椎癌、扁平細胞癌、線条筋肉癌、中皮細胞下層癌、T細胞白血病、舌癌、尿管癌、尿道癌、子宮頸癌、子宮体癌、膣癌、VIPoma、外陰部癌、高分化癌、およびウィルムス腫瘍からなる群より選択されるいずれか一つである、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載のタンパク質を含む癌の予防または治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記癌は、黒色腫、肺癌、大腸癌、肝癌、膠芽腫、卵巣癌、大腸癌、頭頸部癌、膀胱癌、腎細胞癌、胃癌、乳癌、転移癌、前立腺癌、胆嚢癌、膵臓癌および血液癌からなる群より選択されるいずれか一つである、請求項15に記載の癌の予防または治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記薬学組成物が注射製剤である、請求項15に記載の癌の予防または治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記薬学組成物が、腹腔内投与、静脈内投与、筋肉内投与、皮下投与、皮内投与、経口投与、局所投与、鼻内投与、肺内投与、または直腸内投与される、請求項15に記載の癌の予防または治療用薬学組成物。
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KR20190115262A (ko) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-11 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 페리틴 자가조립체에 항원 펩타이드 및 면역 증강제가 결합된 나노 입자 및 이의 용도 |
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US20160060307A1 (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2016-03-03 | Kyungpook National University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation | Human ferritin-derived fusion polypeptide |
KR20150088597A (ko) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-08-03 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 항원 펩타이드-페리틴 융합단백질 및 이를 포함하는 백신 조성물 |
US20170112910A1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-27 | Korea University Research And Business Foundation | Protein nanoparticle linked with cancer specific epitope and composition for cancer immunotherapy comprising the same |
US20190216947A1 (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2019-07-18 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Novel nanocage and use thereof |
US20190255189A1 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2019-08-22 | The Johns Hopkins University | Protein nanocages with enhanced mucus penetration for targeted tissue and intracellular delivery |
WO2019163871A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | 味の素株式会社 | 融合タンパク質 |
KR20190115262A (ko) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-11 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 페리틴 자가조립체에 항원 펩타이드 및 면역 증강제가 결합된 나노 입자 및 이의 용도 |
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