JP2023184262A - Finishing structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To prevent the cracking of a face bar that has an opening through which equipment or a structural member has been inserted.SOLUTION: A finishing structure comprises a face bar 26 fixed to a support member fixed to a skeleton, an opening 20A formed at the face bar 26 and enclosing a structural member or equipment, and a slit VA for dividing the face bar 26 into two parts across the opening 20A.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present disclosure relates to finished structures.

Patent Document 1 listed below describes an air conditioning system in which a blowout grill is provided at the tip of a chamber that is arranged to penetrate through a ceiling panel material.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-009143

As in Patent Document 1, equipment such as air conditioning equipment and structural members such as pillars may be arranged to penetrate through the ceiling surface material. In such cases, openings are formed in the ceiling surface material through which the equipment and structural members pass.

Here, some boards used as building materials expand and contract with changes in humidity. When the ceiling material expands and contracts, the openings surrounding the equipment and structural members are also displaced along with the ceiling material. Then, in the direction in which the ceiling panel material is displaced, the panel material at the open end located on the rear side of the opening may hit equipment or structural members, and the panel material at the open end may crack.

In consideration of the above-mentioned fact, the present invention aims to suppress cracking of a face material through which equipment and structural members are passed through the opening.

The finishing structure according to claim 1 includes: a face plate fixed to a support member fixed to a frame; an opening formed in the face plate and surrounding a structural member or equipment; communicating with the opening; A slit that divides the face material into two parts with the opening sandwiched therebetween.

In the finished structure according to the first aspect, an opening that surrounds the structural member or the equipment is formed in the face material.

Here, when the facing material contracts due to a change in humidity, for example, the opening surrounding the structural member or equipment is also displaced together with the facing material. If the face material at the open end on the rear side of the opening hits a structural member or equipment in the direction in which the face material is displaced, there is a possibility that the face material at the open end will crack.

Therefore, in the finishing structure of claim 1, a slit is formed in the face material to divide the face material into two parts sandwiching the opening. Therefore, when the facing material expands and contracts due to changes in humidity, the facing materials are prevented from being pulled together on both sides of the opening. Thereby, even if the panel and the opening are displaced, the panel on the rear side in the displacement direction with respect to the opening is suppressed from being pulled from the panel on the front side in the displacement direction. This prevents the face material at the opening end from cracking.

The finishing structure according to claim 2 is the finishing structure according to claim 1, wherein an opening not communicating with the slit is formed at a position sandwiched between the two openings communicating with the slit. There is.

In the finishing structure of claim 2, an opening not communicating with the slit is formed at a position sandwiched between two openings communicating with the slit. That is, a slit is provided every two spans of a plurality of structural members or equipment.

Therefore, when the facing material shrinks due to a change in humidity, for example, the facing material shrinks toward the opening that is not in communication with the slit, but the slits on both sides widen. For this reason, the outer surface material of the two slits is suppressed from being pulled from the inner surface material of the two slits.

As a result, stress generation in the face material is suppressed, and in addition to the two openings communicating with the slit, cracking of the face material at the opening end of the opening not communicating with the slit can also be suppressed. That is, cracking of the face material can be suppressed without forming slits in all openings. Therefore, processing of the face material is easier than in the case where slits are formed in all the openings.

A finishing structure according to a third aspect of the present invention is the finishing structure according to the first or second aspect, including a covering member that covers the slit.

The finishing structure of claim 3 includes a covering member that covers the slit. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the movement of dust, insects, etc. between the body side and the outside of the body through the slits.

In the finishing structure according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the finishing structure according to the third aspect, the covering member is elastically deformed while being fixed to the supporting member, and presses the face material along the slit.

In the finishing structure of claim 4, the covering member presses the face material along the slit in an elastically deformed state. Therefore, it is highly effective in suppressing the movement of dust, insects, etc. between the frame side and the outside of the frame.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the finishing structure according to the first or second aspect, the support member is a field edge, and the slit is provided along the field edge.

In the finishing structure according to claim 5, the facing material is fixed to the field edge. Therefore, the panel material is relatively difficult to expand and contract in the direction in which the field edge extends, and relatively easy to expand and contract in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the field edge extends. Since the slits are provided along the edges to which the face material is fixed, the face material is divided along the direction in which the face material 26 is easily expanded and contracted. Thereby, cracking of the face material can be efficiently suppressed.

A finishing structure according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the finishing structure according to the first or second aspect, in which the facing material forms a ceiling surface.

In the finishing structure according to claim 6, the facing material forms a ceiling surface. The ceiling surface tends to have a larger area than the wall surface. For this reason, the area of each face material tends to increase, and the amount of expansion and contraction due to water absorption and drying tends to increase. With this face member, even when the amount of expansion and contraction is large in this way, cracking of the face member can be effectively suppressed.

According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress cracking of a face material in which equipment and structural members are passed through the opening.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a ceiling structure as an example of a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a top-down view showing a state before deformation due to humidity of the finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is a top-down view showing a state after deformation. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a covering member in a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a top view showing a state of a finished structure according to a comparative example after deformation due to humidity. It is a top view showing a modification of the slit position in the finished structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Components indicated using the same reference numerals in each drawing mean the same components. However, unless otherwise specified in the specification, each component is not limited to one, and a plurality of components may exist.

Furthermore, descriptions of overlapping structures and symbols in each drawing may be omitted. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate changes such as omitting the configuration or replacing it with a different configuration within the scope of the purpose of the present disclosure.

In each drawing, the directions indicated by arrows X and Y are along the horizontal plane and are orthogonal to each other. Further, the direction indicated by arrow Z is a direction along the vertical direction (up and down direction). It is assumed that the directions indicated by arrows X, Y, and Z in each figure coincide with each other.

<Finish structure>
FIG. 1 shows a ceiling structure as an example of a finished structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. This ceiling structure includes a support member 10 and a surface member 20.

(Support member)
The support member 10 is a hanging member fixed to a slab (not shown) as a frame, and includes a hanging bolt 12, a hanger 14, a field edge receiver 16, and a field edge 18.

The suspension bolt 12 is, for example, a fully threaded bolt whose upper end is screwed into an anchor nut embedded in the lower surface of the slab, and is arranged along the vertical direction. Further, the hanging bolts 12 are arranged at predetermined intervals in each of two directions (X direction and Y direction) that are orthogonal to each other.

The hanger 14 is a member fixed to the lower end of the hanging bolt using a nut. A field edge receiver 16 is bridged and fixed to a plurality of hangers 14 arranged along the Y direction.

The field edge receiver 16 is a long member arranged along the Y direction. Further, the field edge receivers 16 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the X direction (at intervals equal to the intervals between the hanging bolts 12).

The field edge 18 is a long member arranged along the X direction, and is fixed to the field edge receiver 16 using a clip (not shown). Further, the field edges 18 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y direction (an interval narrower than the distance between the field edge receivers 16 in the X direction).

(Face member)
The surface member 20 includes a base material 22 and a finishing material 24, and forms the ceiling surface of the building. The base material 22 and the finishing material 24 are examples of face materials in the present invention. In this specification, the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 may be collectively referred to as a surface material 26. Note that FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the fixing structure of the surface member 20 to the support member 10, and illustrations of openings 20A, 20B, and 20C and pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C (all refer to FIG. 2), which will be described later, are omitted. ing. In addition, the "face member 20" includes a base material 22 and a finishing material 24, as well as openings 20A, 20B, and 20C, and slits VA and VC, which will be described later. This configuration includes only the material 24.

The base material 22 is a plate material arranged below the field edge 18 and fixed to the field edge 18. The base material 22 is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the direction in which the field edge 18 extends. That is, the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 is along the Y direction. A plurality of base materials 22 are arranged side by side in each of the X direction and the Y direction.

Further, the base material 22 is formed using gypsum board, and expands and contracts with changes in humidity. For example, when the environmental humidity increases and the water content increases, the base material 22 stretches in the in-plane direction. On the other hand, when the environmental humidity decreases and the water content decreases, the base material 22 shrinks in the in-plane direction.

The finishing material 24 is a plate material that is placed below the base material 22 and fixed to the base material 22 with an adhesive or tacker. The finishing material 24 is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the base material 22. That is, the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 is along the X direction. A plurality of finishing materials 24 are arranged side by side in each of the X direction and the Y direction.

Note that the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 may be the direction along the X direction, or the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 may be the direction along the Y direction. Further, in this example, the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 and the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 are different directions, but these directions may be aligned in either the X direction or the Y direction.

The finishing material 24 is formed using a calcium silicate plate, and expands and contracts with changes in humidity. For example, when the environmental humidity increases and the water content increases, the base material 22 stretches in the in-plane direction. On the other hand, when the environmental humidity decreases and the water content decreases, the base material 22 shrinks in the in-plane direction.

The expansion/contraction rate of the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 due to changes in humidity (the rate of expansion/contraction when the environmental humidity changes by 1%) is not particularly limited, but in this embodiment, the finishing material 24 is higher than the base material. The expansion/contraction rate is greater than that of No. 22.

The size of each finishing material 24 is equal to the size of each base material 22. However, at the end of the ceiling, for example, the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 are cut as appropriate according to the area and shape of the space under the ceiling, so the size is not constant.

Note that the size and shape of each piece of the finishing material 24 may be determined independently of the size and shape of the base material 22, taking into consideration the aesthetic appearance of the finishing material 24 when viewed visually. As an example, the finishing material 24 can be formed into a square shape with a desired size and arranged in a grid pattern. Further, as another example, the finishing material 24 can be formed in a rectangular shape and arranged so that the joints are in the shape of horse joints. Furthermore, the finishing material 24 may have a triangular shape, a hexagonal shape, or the like.

(opening, slit)
FIG. 2A shows a top view of the ceiling surface formed by the surface member 20. As shown in this figure, openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed in the surface member 20. The openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are through holes formed in the face material 26, that is, through holes formed across the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 shown in FIG.

These openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed surrounding pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C, which are structural members of the building, respectively. In other words, openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed by cutting out portions of the face material 26 that interfere with the pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C. In other words, the pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C are arranged to pass through the openings 20A, 20B, and 20C, which are through holes formed in the face material 26.

A gap V1 is formed between the inner edge of the opening 20A and the pillar 30A. A gap V3 is formed between the inner edge of the opening 20B and the column 30B. A gap V2 is formed between the inner edge of the opening 20C and the column 30C.

Pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C are columns arranged continuously in the Y direction. The building is further provided with pillars outside the pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C in the X direction and outside in the Y direction. Openings surrounding these columns are also formed in the surface member 20.

Furthermore, slits VA and VC are formed in the surface member 20. Among these, the slit VA is a slit that communicates with the opening 20A, and is a slit that divides the face material 26 into two parts (face materials 26A and 26B) sandwiching the opening 20A. The slit VA is formed on the extension line of the portion along the X direction in the gap V1 between the inner edge of the opening 20A and the column 30A. The slit VA is provided along the field edge 18 shown in FIG. 3 (along the X direction).

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the slit VC is a slit that communicates with the opening 20C, and is a slit that divides the face material 26 into two parts (face material 26B and 26C) sandwiching the opening 20C. be. The slit VC is formed on the extension line of the portion along the X direction in the gap V2 between the inner edge of the opening 20C and the column 30C. The slit VC is provided along the field edge 18.

The opening 20B is an opening that is not in communication with the slit and is formed at a position sandwiched between the two openings 20A and 20C that are in communication with the slits VA and VB. That is, a slit is provided every two spans of the plurality of structural members 30A, 30B, 30C, . . . .

(Coated member)
As shown in FIG. 3, the surface member 20 includes a covering member 40 that covers the slit VA. The covering member 40 is similarly provided in the slit VC. The covering member 40 includes a main body member 42 and an elastic member 48. Note that illustration of the covering member 40 is omitted in FIG. 2 .

The main body member 42 is a hat-shaped elongated member formed by bending a plate-shaped steel plate, and includes a fixing portion 44 and a pressing portion 46 . Of these, the fixing portion 44 is a portion that is fixed to the square timber 16A with screws or the like. The square beam 16A is a steel material arranged parallel to the field edge 18 and fixed to the field edge receiver 16.

The fixed part 44 includes a horizontal part 44A fixed to the square timber 16A, and an extending part 44B extending downward from each of both ends (both ends in the Y direction) of the horizontal part 44A. The fixed part 44 is arranged in the slit VA in a state fixed to the square timber 16A.

The pressing portion 46 includes a horizontal portion 46A extending horizontally outward from the lower end of the extending portion 44B, and a pressing portion extending obliquely upward from the outer end of the horizontal portion 46A to press the face material 26. 46B. The "outside" refers to the side of the face material 26 when viewed from the slit VA.

The horizontal portion 46A is arranged from the slit VA to the face material 26. An elastic member 48 is disposed between a portion of the horizontal portion 46A that covers the surface material 26 and the surface material 26. The elastic member 48 is formed using an elastic material such as sponge or rubber, and is held in a compressed state.

By being pressed against the face member 26, the pressing portion 46B is elastically deformed and held from the state shown by the broken line in FIG. 3 to the state shown by the solid line. Thereby, the pressing portion 46B presses the face material 26 along the slit VA.

Note that the face material 26 and the covering member 40 are not fixed to each other. That is, with respect to the covering member 40 fixed to the field edge receiver 16, the facing material 26 can be displaced in the horizontal direction due to drying shrinkage or the like.

<Action and effect>
Here, prior to explaining the function and effect of the finished structure of the present invention, a comparative example will be explained.

As shown in FIG. 4, the surface member 200 according to the comparative example includes a surface material 260 that expands and contracts with changes in humidity. Openings 200A, 200B, and 200C surrounding pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C as structural members are formed in the face material 260.

When the facing material 260 contracts due to a change in humidity, the openings 200A, 200B, and 200C surrounding the columns 30A, 30B, and 30C are also displaced together with the facing material 260. Then, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 4, in the direction in which the panel 260 is displaced, the opening end portion 260E on the rear side of the opening 200A hits the pillars 30A and 30C, which may cause the panel 260 to be damaged. be.

On the other hand, the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a facing material 26 (base material 22 and finishing material 24) that expands and contracts with changes in humidity. As shown in FIG. 2(A), openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed in the face material 26 to surround pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C as structural members.

In the face member 20, a slit VA is formed in the face member 26 to divide the face member 26 into two parts (face members 26A and 26B) sandwiching the opening 20A. Similarly, a slit VC is formed in the face material 26 to divide the face material 26 into two parts (face materials 26B and 26C) sandwiching the opening 20C.

For this reason, when the facing material expands and contracts due to changes in humidity, the facing members 26 are prevented from being pulled together on both sides of the opening.

That is, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2(B), even if the panel 26 and the opening 20A are displaced, the panel 26A on the rear side in the direction of displacement with respect to the opening 20A is the same as the panel 26A on the front side in the direction of displacement. 26B is suppressed from being pulled. This suppresses cracking of the opening end portion of the opening 20A in the face material 26A.

Similarly, the panel 26C on the rear side in the displacement direction with respect to the opening 20C is prevented from being pulled from the panel 26B on the front side in the displacement direction. This suppresses cracking of the opening end portion of the opening 20C in the face material 26C.

Furthermore, in the finished structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, an opening 20B that is not in communication with the slit is formed at a position sandwiched between the two openings 20A and 20C that are in communication with the slits VA and VB. . That is, a slit is provided every two spans of the plurality of structural members 30A, 30B, 30C, . . . .

Therefore, when the face material 26 shrinks due to a change in humidity, for example, the face material 26B shrinks toward the opening 20B that is not in communication with the slit, but the slits VA and VC on both sides widen. For this reason, the outer surface materials 26A and 26C of the two slits VA and VC are prevented from being pulled from the inner surface material 26B of the two slits VA and VC.

As a result, stress generation in the face material 26 is suppressed, and in addition to the two openings 20A and 20C that communicate with the slits VA and VC, the face material at the opening end of the opening 20B that is not communicated with the slits can be cracked. can also be suppressed. That is, cracking of the face material 26 can be suppressed without forming slits in all the openings 20A, 20B, and 20C. Therefore, processing of the face material 26 is easier than in the case where slits are formed in all the openings 20A, 20B, and 20C.

Further, the facing material 26 is fixed to the field edge 18. Therefore, the face material 26 is relatively difficult to expand and contract in the direction in which the field edge 18 extends, and is relatively easy to expand and contract in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the field edge 18 extends. As shown in FIG. 3, the slits VA and VB are provided along the field edge 18, so that the face material 26 is divided along the direction in which the face material 26 is easily expanded and contracted. Thereby, cracking of the face material 26 can be efficiently suppressed.

Furthermore, the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a covering member 40 that covers the slits VA and VC, as shown in FIG. Further, the pressing portion 46B of the covering member 40 presses the face material 26 along the slits VA and VB in an elastically deformed state. Furthermore, an elastic member 48 is arranged between the covering member 40 and the face material 26 in a compressed state.

For this reason, dust and dirt can be removed between the main body side (the supporting member 10 side with respect to the face member 20 in FIG. 1) and the outside of the main body (below the face member 20 in FIG. 1) through the slits VA and VC. The movement of insects, etc. can be suppressed.

Further, in the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the facing material 26 (base material 22 and finishing material 24) forms the ceiling surface. The ceiling surface tends to have a larger area than the wall surface. Therefore, the area of each base material 22 and finishing material 24 tends to increase, and the amount of expansion and contraction due to water absorption and drying tends to increase. With this finished structure, even when the amount of expansion and contraction is large in this way, cracking of the face material 26 can be effectively suppressed.

<Other embodiments>
In this embodiment, the face material 26 is formed of two layers, the base material 22 and the finishing material 24, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. The face material 26 may be formed of one layer, or may be formed of three or more layers. When using a facing material that expands and contracts with changes in humidity, there is a possibility that the facing material will crack due to collision between the pillar 30A and the like and the facing material, regardless of the number of layers of the facing material. However, by forming the slit VA or the like, cracking of the face material can be suppressed.

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the slit VA is formed on the extension line of the portion along the X direction in the gap V1 between the inner edge of the opening 20A and the column 30A. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the slit VA may be any slit that communicates with the gap V1 between the inner edge of the opening 20A and the column 30A. It may be formed at a location. The same applies to the slit VC.

Further, in this embodiment, a slit communicating with the gap V3 between the inner edge of the opening 20B and the pillar 30B is not provided, but a slit communicating with the gap V3 may be provided. Further, when a slit communicating with the gap V3 is provided, it is not necessary to provide a slit communicating with the gaps V1 and V2.

In the surface member 20 constituting the ceiling, the number and spacing of the slits can be appropriately set depending on the number and position of the columns, the width of the gap between the columns and the inner edge of the opening, and the like.

Furthermore, although the openings 20A and 20C in this embodiment surround the pillars 30A and 30C as structural members, respectively, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, there are various openings formed in the face material 26, such as openings surrounding other structural members including walls, openings surrounding equipment such as ceiling cassette air conditioners, ventilation holes connected to ducts, etc. It can be a mode.

Further, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the slits VA and VB are provided along the field edge 18, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. The slits VA and VB may be provided in a direction perpendicular to the field edge 18. In this case, it is effective to suppress cracking when the face material 26 expands and contracts in the direction along the edge 18. Moreover, the slit along the field edge 18 and the slit along the direction perpendicular to the field edge 18 can be used together.

Moreover, in this embodiment, although the surface member 20 forms the ceiling surface, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, this surface member 20 may be used to form a wall surface. At this time, the support member to which the surface member 20 is fixed is, for example, a rectangular stud member fixed to a wall that is a skeleton.

10 Support member 16 Field support (support member)
18 Noen (supporting member)
20 Surface member 20A Opening 20B Opening 20C Opening 22 Base material 24 Finishing material 26 Surface material 40 Covering member VA Slit VC Slit

Claims (6)

A face material fixed to a support member fixed to the building frame;
an opening formed in the face material and surrounding a structural member or equipment;
a slit that communicates with the opening and divides the face material into two parts sandwiching the opening;
Finished structure with. The finishing structure according to claim 1, wherein an opening not communicating with the slit is formed at a position sandwiched between the two openings communicating with the slit. The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a covering member that covers the slit. The finishing structure according to claim 3, wherein the covering member is elastically deformed while being fixed to the supporting member and presses the face material along the slit. The support member is a field edge;
The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the slit is provided along the field edge. The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the facing material forms a ceiling surface.