JP2023173095A - washing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a washing machine that automatically feeds a finishing agent by centrifugal force generated by rotation of a washing and dewatering tank and can determine whether or not the finishing agent has been charged.SOLUTION: A washing machine comprises: an enclosure; an outer tank disposed in the enclosure; a washing and dewatering tank that is rotatably supported in the outer tank; a balance ring disposed at an upper portion of the washing and dewatering tank; a finishing agent feeding device fitted to the balance ring; a drive mechanism rotationally driving the washing and dewatering tank; a rotational speed detection means detecting rotational speed of the washing and dewatering tank; and a control device controlling the drive mechanism. A control unit determines that the rotational speed of the washing and dewatering tank reached a rotation number allowing the finishing agent to be fed based on a detection information of the rotational speed detection means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

The present invention relates to a washing machine.

2. Description of the Related Art A washing machine is known that has a washing and dehydrating tank and automatically adds a finishing agent using centrifugal force when the washing and dehydrating tank is rotated (see Patent Document 1).

Publication of JP-A-2002-136796

In a washing machine equipped with a finishing agent dosing device that injects the finishing agent using centrifugal force, in order to inject the finishing agent, the washing and dehydration tank (inner tank) must be connected to the washing and dehydrating tank (inner tank) with the centrifugal force necessary to inject the finishing agent. It is necessary to rotate it to the rotation speed that can be obtained.

However, in the washing machine described in Patent Document 1, due to unevenness of the clothes placed in the washing/dehydrating tank or abnormal occurrence of foam due to excessive supply of detergent, the washing/dehydrating tank is changed from the place where the finishing agent is placed. There is a problem that the washing operation cannot be accelerated to a rotational speed at which the necessary centrifugal force is obtained, and the washing operation ends without adding the finishing agent, so that the user does not notice whether or not the finishing agent has been added.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a washing machine that can determine the state of addition of finishing agent.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a housing, a water tank provided inside the housing, an inner tank rotatably supported inside the water tank, and a balance ring disposed above the inner tank. a finishing agent injection device provided on the balance ring and configured to input a finishing agent into the inner tank; a drive unit that rotates the inner tank; and a rotational speed detection means that detects the rotational speed of the inner tank; a control unit that controls the drive unit, and the control unit is configured to detect, based on detection information from the rotation speed detection means, that the rotation speed of the inner tank has reached a rotation speed at which the finishing agent can be introduced. It is characterized by determining that.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a washing machine that can determine the loading status of finishing agent.

1 is a perspective view of a washing machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a washing machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged view of the finishing agent injection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3 when the washing and dehydrating tank is stopped. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3 while the washing and dehydrating tub is rotating. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3 while the washing and dehydrating tub is rotating. It is a process block diagram of the washing operation of the washing machine concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an operational flow diagram of finishing agent injection determination in the washing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an operation flowchart for determining whether to add finishing agent to the washing machine according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a washing machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the washing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the washing machine 1 includes a casing 11 forming an outer shell, a top cover 12 on the top of the casing 11, and a base 13 (see FIG. 2) on the bottom of the casing 11. .

The top cover 12 is provided with an outer lid 12b so as to cover an input port 12a into which laundry is input. In addition, the front side of the top cover 12 is equipped with operation switches (not shown) such as a power switch, a washing course selection switch, a start button, etc., and a display (not shown) that displays the selected course, remaining time, etc. A display panel 21 is provided.

Further, below the input port 12a, there is provided a washing/drying tank 15 (inner tank) into which laundry is input. A balance ring 16 is provided at the top of the washing and dehydrating tank 15. The balance ring 16 is provided with a finishing agent injection device 160. A finishing agent inlet 16b (see FIG. 3) is provided at the top of the balance ring 16 to input a finishing agent (softener). A finishing agent inlet cover 16c is attached to the upper surface of the finishing agent inlet 16b.

As shown in FIG. 2, an outer tank 14 (water tank) is supported by the housing 11 from the four upper corners of the housing 11 via suspension rods 27 equipped with compression springs 27a (in FIG. (only part shown). Inside the outer tub 14, there is provided a cylindrical washing and dehydrating tub 15 in which the laundry 50 is placed and washed and dehydrated. The washing and dewatering tank 15 has a large number of through holes 15a (only some of which are shown) for water and ventilation in its outer peripheral wall, and a plurality of through holes (not shown) for water and ventilation in its bottom wall. )have.

A balance ring 16 having a built-in fluid balancer 16a is provided at the upper edge of the washing and dewatering tank 15. Furthermore, a stirring blade 17 is rotatably supported inside the bottom of the washing and dehydrating tank 15. The fluid balancer 16a has a structure in which fluid is confined in a plurality of layers provided concentrically inside the balance ring 16, and rotates together with the washing and dehydrating tank 15 to prevent washing and dehydration caused by unbalance of the laundry 50. This configuration reduces vibrations in the water tank 15.

Furthermore, a shower case 15b is provided on the inner wall of the washing and dehydrating tank 15. As the agitating blade 17 rotates, the washing water is pushed by the blades provided on the back side of the agitating blade 17, passes through the water channel in the shower case 15b, and reaches the spout provided at the upper end of the shower case 15b. The water is returned to the washing and dehydrating tank 15 through the outlet 15c.

A clutch mechanism 18 is provided outside the bottom of the outer tank 14 and has a rotating shaft oriented in a generally vertical direction. By controlling this clutch mechanism 18, it is possible to change the driving form of the washing/dehydration tank 15 and the stirring blades 17. There are two driving modes: a first drive mode in which the stirring blades 17 are driven with the washing and dehydration tank 15 fixed so as not to rotate, and a second drive mode in which the stirring blades 17 are driven in a state where the washing and dehydration tank 15 is rotatable. There are three drive modes: a second drive mode, and a third drive mode (dehydration mode) in which the washing/dehydration tank 15 and the stirring blade 17 are rotated as one in the same direction. Further, the clutch mechanism 18 includes a driven pulley 18a, and is connected to a drive pulley 19a provided in the drive mechanism 19 via a transmission belt 20. The drive mechanism 19 is equipped with a rotation speed detection means 19b such as a Hall sensor for measuring the rotation speed.

Further, the operation/display panel 21 is electrically connected to a control device 30 provided on the rear side of the top cover 12, and the control device 30 includes a control section (not shown). Further, a water supply port 12c for connecting a water supply hose is provided on the rear side of the top cover 12. When tap water is supplied into the outer tank 14, by opening the water supply solenoid valve 25, the tap water is supplied to the outer tank 14 from the water supply port 12c via the water supply pipe 24 connected to the water supply solenoid valve 25. is supplied inside. Further, a drain pipe 28 is connected to the bottom surface of the outer tub 14 via a drain valve 26, so that the washing water in the outer tub 14 can be drained.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the finishing agent injection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Note that FIG. 3 shows the balance ring as viewed from the top side.
As shown in FIG. 3, a finishing agent injection device 160 is attached to the balance ring 16. The finishing agent charging device 160 includes a finishing agent chamber 161 for holding the finishing agent 40 and a finishing agent charging chamber 162 for charging the finishing agent 40 moved from the finishing agent chamber 161 into the outer tank 14. ing. In the first embodiment, two finishing agent chambers 161 are provided, one of which is the first finishing agent chamber 161a that holds the finishing agent 40 (see FIG. 4) put in before washing, and the other is the first This is a second finishing agent chamber 161b that holds the finishing agent 40 (see FIG. 5) that has been moved from the finishing agent chamber 161a. Note that at least one finishing agent chamber 161 may be provided.

The first finishing agent chamber 161a includes a finishing agent inlet 16b into which the finishing agent 40 is input before washing. This finishing agent inlet 16b is formed on the upper surface of the balance ring 16. In addition, in FIG. 3, illustration of the finishing agent inlet cover 16c that closes the finishing agent inlet 16b is omitted.

The second finishing agent chamber 161b has a space in which the finishing agent 40 moves from the first finishing agent chamber 161a when the balance ring 16 rotates in the W direction (rotation direction when the washing and dehydrating tank 15 spins water). are doing. In addition, the second finishing agent chamber 161b includes a finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c that holds the finishing agent 40 while the washing and dehydrating tank 15 is rotating, and a finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c that moves when the washing and dehydrating tank 15 stops rotating. It has a finishing agent holding chamber 161d that holds the agent 40.

The finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c is located on the outer peripheral side of the first finishing agent chamber 161a. Furthermore, the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c has a wall surface 161c1 that holds the finishing agent 40 while the washing/dehydrating tank 15 is rotating, a wall surface 161c3 located on the traveling direction side in the W direction, and a wall surface 161c3 located on the side opposite to the traveling direction in the W direction. It has a wall surface 161c2 located at , and is formed in a concave shape so that the concave surface faces radially inward when viewed from above.

The finishing agent holding chamber 161d is located closer to the W direction (circumferential direction of the balance ring 16) than the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c, and is elongated along the W direction. Furthermore, the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c and the finishing agent holding chamber 161d are spaces that communicate with each other. Further, the bottom surface 161c4 of the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c is inclined downward toward the finishing agent holding chamber 161d. Further, the bottom surface of the finishing agent holding chamber 161d has a shape that allows the finishing agent 40 to be held in the finishing agent holding chamber 161d while the rotation is stopped.

The finishing agent input chamber 162 is located outside the finishing agent holding chamber 161d in the radial direction. Furthermore, the finishing agent charging chamber 162 is formed in an elongated manner along the circumferential direction of the balance ring 16 . Further, a discharge port 163 is formed in the bottom surface 162a of the finishing agent input chamber 162 at the end opposite to the traveling direction in the W direction. This discharge port 163 is formed at the bottom of the bottom surface 162a. Further, the bottom surface 162a is inclined downward toward the discharge port 163, so that the finishing agent 40 flows toward the discharge port 163 when the rotation is stopped.

Next, the principle of introducing the finishing agent 40 into the washing and dehydrating tank 15 will be explained based on FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 3 when the washing and dehydrating tank is stopped; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 3 while the washing and dehydrating tank is rotating; FIG. 7 is a process block diagram of the washing operation of the washing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

The finishing agent 40 is introduced from the finishing agent inlet 16b at the start of washing. The applied finishing agent 40 is held in the first finishing agent chamber 161a, as shown in FIG. 4. In the intermediate dehydration (1) shown in FIG. 7, the finishing agent 40 is moved radially outward of the washing/dehydrating tank 15 due to the centrifugal force when the washing/dehydrating tank 15 is rotated, and the finishing agent 40 is It is pressed against the wall surface 161a1 of the drug chamber 161a. When the rotational speed of the washing and dehydrating tank 15 exceeds the rotational speed required to move the finishing agent 40 from the first finishing agent chamber 161a to the second finishing agent chamber 161b, the finishing agent 40 is moved as shown in FIG. As shown by the arrow (a), the finishing agent passes over the wall surface 161a1 of the first finishing agent chamber 161a and moves to the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c of the second finishing agent chamber 161b. The rotational speed of the washing and dewatering tank 15 is maintained at a rotational speed necessary to hold the finishing agent 40 on the walls 161c1 to 161c3 (see FIG. 3) of the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c of the second finishing agent chamber 161b. During this time, the finishing agent 40 is held on the wall surfaces 161c1 to 161c3 (see FIG. 3) of the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c of the second finishing agent chamber 161b.

Then, when the intermediate dehydration (1) shown in FIG. 7 is completed and the rotation of the washing and dehydration tank 15 is stopped, the finishing agent 40 moves to the bottom of the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c of the second finishing agent chamber 161b. . Since the bottom surface 161c4 of the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c is inclined downward toward the finishing agent holding chamber 161d, when the rotation of the washing and dehydrating tank 15 stops, the bottom surface 161c4 is tilted downward toward the finishing agent holding chamber 161d. The finishing agent 40 is moved from the finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c toward the finishing agent holding chamber 161d and is held therein. During the rinsing water supply (1) and rinsing (1) shown in FIG. 7, the finishing agent 40 is held in the finishing agent holding chamber 161d of the second finishing agent chamber 161b.

In the intermediate dehydration (2) shown in FIG. 7, the rotational speed of the washing/dehydration tank 15 moves the finishing agent 40 from the finishing agent holding chamber 161d of the second finishing agent chamber 161b to the finishing agent charging chamber 162. When the rotational speed exceeds the rotational speed necessary for Move to. During intermediate dehydration (2) in the washing and dewatering tank 15, the finishing agent 40 is held on the wall surface 162b of the finishing agent input chamber 162, as shown in FIG.

Then, when the intermediate dewatering (2) is completed and the rotation of the washing/dehydrating tank 15 is stopped, the finishing agent 40 moves to the bottom surface 162a (see FIG. 3) of the finishing agent charging chamber 162, and the slope of the bottom surface 162a is changed. It is naturally thrown into the washing/dehydration tank 15 from the discharge port 163 (see FIG. 3(d)). The finishing agent 40 discharged from the discharge port 163 passes through the shower case 15b (see FIG. 2) provided in the washing and dehydrating tank 15, passes through the bottom of the washing and dehydrating tank 15, and is thrown into the outer tank 14. be done.

Next, the operation and effects of the control section of the washing machine 1 will be explained with reference to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is an operational flowchart of finishing agent injection determination in the washing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The operation flow diagram shown in FIG. 8 shows the flow that operates during intermediate dehydration.
As shown in FIG. 8, in step S101, the control unit determines whether intermediate dehydration is being performed. Note that the intermediate dehydration includes intermediate dehydration (1) and intermediate dehydration (2). In step S101, if the control unit determines that intermediate dehydration is being performed (Yes), the control unit proceeds to step S102; if determining that intermediate dehydration is not being performed (No), the control unit skips steps S102 and S103. Then, the process advances to step S104.

In step S102, the control unit detects the rotational speed of the washing/dehydration tank 15, and determines whether the detected rotational speed is the rotational speed necessary to move the finishing agent 40 (the rotational speed at which the finishing agent can be moved, the rotational speed at which the finishing agent can be introduced, If the rotational speed is greater than or equal to the finishing agent moving speed (Yes), the process proceeds to step S103, and if the rotational speed is less than the finishing agent movable rotational speed (No), step S103 is skipped and the process proceeds to step S104. Note that the case where the rotational speed is lower than the rotational speed at which the finishing agent can be moved is a case where the washing liquid is abnormally foamed, or a case where an imbalance occurs in the washing/dehydrating tub 15 due to unevenness of the clothes. Furthermore, the rotational speeds at which the finishing agent can be moved in the intermediate dehydration (1) and the intermediate dehydration (2) may be the same or different, as long as they are higher than the rotational speed at which the finishing agent can be moved. As an example, if the diameter of the balance ring 16 is 356 mm and the height of the outer wall surface 161a1 (see FIG. 4) of the finishing agent chamber 161 is 40 mm, the rotational speed required to move the finishing agent 40 is 680 rotations/ It is better to set it to more than 1 minute.

Then, in step S103, the control unit adds up the number of times the finishing agent movement speed has reached or higher. For example, if the number of arrivals is 0, add 1 to the number of arrivals to make a total of 1. If the number of arrivals is 1, add 1 to the number of arrivals to make the total 2.

Then, in step S104, the control unit determines whether or not it is time to add the finishing agent. Note that the finishing agent injection timing is the timing at which the intermediate dehydration (2) is completed. If the control unit determines in step S104 that the intermediate dehydration (2) has been completed (Yes), the control unit proceeds to step S105, and if it determines that the intermediate dehydration (2) has not been completed ( No), the process ends.

Then, in step S105, if the number of times reached (the number of times the rotational speed at which the finishing agent can be thrown) is equal to or greater than the specified number of times (for example, two times), the control unit determines that the finishing agent 40 has been thrown. I can judge. In the first embodiment, in order to introduce the finishing agent 40, it is necessary to move it from the first finishing agent chamber 161a to the second finishing agent chamber 161b (finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161c and finishing agent holding chamber 161d), and to Since it is necessary to move from the second finishing agent chamber 161b to the finishing agent charging chamber 162, the prescribed number of times is two.

For example, due to abnormal foaming of the washing liquid, the rotational speed of the washing/dehydration tank 15 does not reach the rotational speed required to move the finishing agent 40, and the number of times the rotational speed reaches the specified number of times is reached at the timing when the finishing agent 40 is introduced. If it is determined that it is less than (step S105, No), it can be determined that the finishing agent has not been added. When the control unit determines that the finishing agent has not been added, it temporarily stops the operation and notifies the user that the finishing agent has not been added by using the display of the washing machine 1, etc. can be noticed.

As described above, the washing machine 1 according to the first embodiment includes a housing 11, an outer tub 14 provided inside the housing 11, and a washing/dehydrating tub 15 rotatably supported inside the outer tub 14. , a balance ring 16 disposed above the washing and dehydration tank 15 , a finishing agent feeding device 160 that is provided on the balance ring 16 and which feeds the finishing agent 40 into the washing and dehydration tank 15 , and a balance ring 16 that rotates the washing and dehydration tank 15 . It includes a drive mechanism 19 that drives, a rotation speed detection means 19b that detects the rotation speed of the washing and dehydrating tank 15, and a control device 30 that controls the drive mechanism 19. The control device 30 determines, based on the detection information of the rotation speed detection means, that the rotation speed of the washing/dehydration tank 15 has reached a rotation speed at which the finishing agent 40 can be introduced. Thereby, the washing machine 1 can determine whether or not the finishing agent 40 is added based on the rotational speed of the washing and dehydrating tub 15. In this case, by notifying that the finishing agent has not been added (step S106 in FIG. 8), it is possible to make the user aware that the finishing agent has not been added. In addition, since the configuration uses parts included in the existing washing machine 1, it is possible to determine whether or not the finishing agent 40 has been added with a cheaper configuration compared to a configuration that uses a sensor to directly detect the finishing agent 40. can. Further, as a secondary effect, it is possible to prevent the finishing agent 40 from sticking due to the finishing agent remaining in the finishing agent feeding device 160, and to prevent the generation of unpleasant odors due to the proliferation of various germs and the like.

Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the finishing agent charging device 160 has a first finishing agent chamber 161a into which the finishing agent 40 is inputted before washing, and a first finishing agent chamber 161a into which the finishing agent 40 is inputted before washing, and a first finishing agent chamber 161a that uses the centrifugal force when the washing and dehydrating tank 15 rotates. It has a second finishing agent chamber 161b for holding the finishing agent moved from the agent chamber 161a. As a result, rinsing can be performed twice (intermediate dehydration (1) and intermediate dehydration (2)), thereby improving the rinsing performance.

Further, in the first embodiment, the control unit determines whether or not the finishing agent 40 is added based on the number of times the rotational speed of the washing/dehydration tank 15 reaches a rotational speed at which the finishing agent 40 can be added (see FIG. 8 step S105). This makes it possible to notify the user whether or not the finishing agent 40 has been added.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 9 is an operation flowchart for determining whether to add finishing agent to a washing machine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Note that the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that, when it is determined that the finishing agent 40 has not been added, a finishing agent re-injection operation is performed. Further, steps S202 to S205 are the same as steps S102 to S105 in FIG. 8, so redundant explanation will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 9, in step S201, the control unit determines whether intermediate dehydration or additional dehydration is being performed, and if it is intermediate dehydration or additional dehydration (Yes), the control unit proceeds to step S202. If the process is neither intermediate dehydration nor additional dehydration (No), steps S202 and S203 are skipped and the process proceeds to step S204.

If the number of times reached is less than the specified number in step S205 (if the determination as to whether or not the finishing agent has been added is that it has not been added), the process proceeds to step S206, and the control unit performs additional dehydration (re-injection operation of the finishing agent). When performing additional dehydration, water is supplied again and the process moves to dehydration (additional dehydration). Then, returning to step S201, the control unit determines that additional dehydration is being performed (Yes), and executes the processes of steps S202 to S205.

In this way, when it is determined that the finishing agent has not been added at the timing of adding the finishing agent 40 (step S205, No), additional dehydration is performed (step S206), and the rotation speed of the washing and dehydrating tank 15 is adjusted to match the finishing agent. The finishing agent 40 can be charged into the tank by accelerating the rotation speed to a speed higher than that required for moving the finishing agent 40 from the second finishing agent chamber 161b to the finishing agent charging chamber 162.

As described above, in the second embodiment, when the determination as to whether or not the finishing agent 40 is to be added is that the finishing agent 40 is not added (step S205, No), the control unit executes the operation of re-inserting the finishing agent 40. According to this, since the washing machine 1 performs the finishing agent re-adding operation when determining that the finishing agent has not been added, it is possible to prevent the finishing agent from not being added, and it is possible to prevent the finish of the laundry 50 from deteriorating. Further, since the control unit performs the finishing agent re-injection operation, the user's effort to operate the washing machine 1 can be reduced.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and includes various modifications. In the first embodiment, the rotational speed detection means 19b is described as being arranged in the drive mechanism 19, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, it may be arranged in the washing/drying tank 15 or on the transmission belt.

Further, in the second embodiment, the finishing agent re-injection operation is described as a configuration in which additional dehydration is performed, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which an operation is performed to loosen the laundry before additional spin-drying, or a configuration in which water is supplied until the finishing agent is submerged in water.

1 Washing machine 11 Housing 14 Outer tank (water tank)
15 Washing/dehydration tank (inner tank)
16 Balance ring 16a Fluid balancer 16b Finishing agent inlet 16c Finishing agent inlet cover 18 Clutch mechanism 18a Driven pulley 19 Drive mechanism (drive unit)
19a Drive pulley 19b Rotation speed detection means 20 Transmission belt 30 Control device (control unit)
40 Finishing agent 50 Laundry 160 Finishing agent charging device 161 Finishing agent chamber 161a First finishing agent chamber 161b Second finishing agent chamber 161c Finishing agent intermediate holding chamber 161d Finishing agent holding chamber 162 Finishing agent charging chamber 163 Discharge port

Claims (4)

A casing and
a water tank provided inside the housing;
an inner tank rotatably supported inside the water tank;
a balance ring placed at the top of the inner tank;
a finishing agent feeding device provided on the balance ring and feeding finishing agent into the inner tank;
a drive unit that rotationally drives the inner tank;
rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of the inner tank;
A control unit that controls the drive unit,
The washing machine is characterized in that the control unit determines, based on the detection information of the rotation speed detection means, that the rotation speed of the inner tub has reached a rotation speed at which the finishing agent can be introduced. The finishing agent loading device has a first finishing agent chamber into which the finishing agent is input before washing, and holds the finishing agent that has been moved from the first finishing agent chamber by centrifugal force when the inner tank rotates. The washing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a second finishing agent chamber for washing. 2. The control unit determines whether or not the finishing agent is added based on the number of times the rotational speed of the inner tank reaches a rotational speed at which the finishing agent can be added. 2. The washing machine according to item 2. 4. The washing machine according to claim 3, wherein the control unit executes the re-feeding operation of the finishing agent when the determination as to whether or not the finishing agent has been added indicates that the finishing agent has not been added.

Images