JP2023056957A - Fungal bed medium manufacturing device, inoculated fungal bed medium manufacturing device, method for manufacturing fungal bed medium, and method for manufacturing inoculated fungal bed medium - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fungal bed medium manufacturing device or the like that facilitates automation in the manufacture of a fungal bed medium for mushrooms, is extremely unlikely to be contaminated with saprophytes, and is capable of shortening the time required for sterilization and cooling even if the size is made large.SOLUTION: A fungal bed medium manufacturing device of the present invention is provided with a closed tank 1 and a jacket 2. The closed tank 1, in a state of storing the raw materials of the fungal bed medium, is supplied with steam from a first supply pipe H1 while the jacket 2 is supplied with steam from third supply pipes J1a, J2a, and J3a and the raw materials of the fungal bed medium are sterilized under pressure and heat. After the sterilization, water is supplied to the jacket 2 from fourth supply pipes J1b, J2b, and J3b and the sterilized raw materials of the fungal bed medium are cooled. Thereby, sterilization and cooling of the raw materials of the fungal bed medium are performed in the closed tank 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention provides an apparatus for producing a fungal bed medium for cultivating mushrooms, an apparatus for producing a fungal bed medium inoculated with mushrooms (inoculated fungal bed medium), and a fungal bed medium for mushrooms. and a method for producing an inoculated bed medium.

Conventionally, mushrooms are cultivated by filling a container (for example, a culture container such as a bottle or a bag) with the fungal bed medium raw material, and applying high-pressure steam sterilization using a sterilizing kettle such as an autoclave to the fungal bed medium raw material along with the container. It was carried out by inoculating mushroom seed fungi into a fungal bed medium obtained by standing to cool.
However, after high-pressure steam sterilization, the fungal bed medium raw material filled in the container needs to be left to cool for a long time until the fungal bed medium reaches a temperature at which the seed fungus can be inoculated. There was a problem of efficiency.

For this reason, for example, in Patent Document 1, superheated steam is directly applied to the fungal bed medium raw material before filling the container in a thin state to sterilize without pressurization and shorten the time. is proposed. In addition, Patent Document 2 proposes an apparatus that fully automates the process up to curing a fungal bed, thereby improving work efficiency and productivity.

JP 2009-254341 A JP-A-2-255014 JP-A-1-124326

However, in Patent Document 1, the sterilization device and the cooling device are composed of separate devices, and although the time can be expected to be shortened to some extent, the production line as a whole is lengthened, so that the fungal bed medium is contaminated with various bacteria. The problem is that it becomes easier. In addition, since sterilization is not performed under pressure, sterilization by the sterilizer tends to be insufficient. In Patent Document 2, the sterilization device and the cooling device are composed of the same device, and although it is easy to take measures against various bacteria, since the fungal bed medium is indirectly heat-sterilized through the jacket, a large-capacity fungal bed is required. It takes a long time to sterilize the culture medium, and its improvement is required. On the other hand, there is common general technical knowledge (see, for example, Patent Document 3) that ``if steam is applied directly to a mushroom bed culture medium housed in a closed container, it becomes practically inappropriate as a mushroom bed culture medium.''

Therefore, in the present invention, under such a background, it is easy to automate the production of fungal bed media for mushrooms, there is extremely little risk of contamination with various bacteria, and even if the size is increased, the time required for sterilization and cooling can be shortened. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for producing a bed medium, an apparatus for producing an inoculated fungus bed medium, a method for producing a fungus bed medium, and a method for producing an inoculated fungus bed medium. That is, in the present invention, a large amount (for example, 2 tons) of fungal bed medium and inoculated fungal bed medium can be produced at once in a short time, and the production apparatus can be operated in cycles several times a day. Therefore, work efficiency and productivity can be improved.

However, in view of such circumstances, the present inventors diligently studied a method capable of sufficiently sterilizing the inside center of the fungal bed medium raw material in a short time even when the apparatus is enlarged. As a result, a fungal bed that can be put to practical use can be obtained by storing the fungal bed medium raw material in a tank that can be sealed, pressurizing and heating the fungal bed medium raw material by applying steam directly to the fungal bed medium raw material, and heating it with an external jacket. The inventors discovered that a culture medium can be produced, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is based on the conventional common technical knowledge that ``directly applying steam to a mushroom bed culture medium housed in a closed container makes it practically unsuitable as a mushroom bed culture medium'' (for example, the above-mentioned patent document 3).

The gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] Equipped with a sealed tank that can accommodate and seal a fungal bed medium raw material, and a jacket provided along the outer peripheral surface of the sealed tank,
The closed tank includes an inlet for charging the raw material for the fungal bed culture medium into the closed tank, an outlet for discharging the fungal bed culture medium manufactured from the closed tank, and a first supply pipe for supplying steam to the closed tank. and
the jacket comprises a third supply pipe that supplies steam to the jacket and a fourth supply pipe that supplies water to the jacket;
With the mushroom bed medium raw material stored in the closed tank, steam is supplied from the first supply pipe to the closed tank, and steam is supplied from the third supply pipe to the jacket to produce the mushroom bed. The medium raw material is sterilized under pressure and heat,
After the sterilization, water is supplied to the jacket from the fourth supply pipe to cool the sterilized fungal bed medium raw material,
A fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus, wherein the fungal bed medium raw material is sterilized and cooled in the closed tank.
[2] The apparatus for producing fungal bed culture medium according to [1], wherein a stirrer having a stirring blade is provided inside the closed tank.
[3] The apparatus for producing a fungal bed culture medium according to [1] or [2], wherein the closed tank is provided with a decompression pipe for decompressing the closed tank.
[4] The fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus according to any one of [1] to [3], a conveying device provided near the outlet of the closed tank, and a planting device provided near the conveying device. is provided, and the inoculation device is adapted to inoculate the fungus bed medium being conveyed by the conveying device.
[5] preparing a sealed tank that can accommodate and seal the fungal bed medium raw material, and a jacket provided along the outer peripheral surface of the sealed tank;
a sterilization step of storing the fungal bed medium raw material in the closed tank, supplying steam to the closed tank, and supplying steam to the jacket to sterilize the fungal bed medium raw material under pressure and heat;
and a cooling step of supplying air to the closed tank and supplying water to the jacket to cool the sterilized fungal bed medium raw material.
[6] The method for producing a fungal bed medium according to [5], wherein in the sterilization step and/or the cooling step, the fungal bed medium raw material is stirred by a stirrer provided inside the closed tank. .
[7] The method for producing a fungal bed medium according to [5] or [6], wherein steam is supplied to the closed tank after the closed tank is depressurized in the sterilization step.
[8] Any one of [5] to [7], wherein in the sterilization step, the start timing of steam supply to the closed tank and the start timing of steam supply to the jacket are set to be different from each other. A method for producing the described fungal bed medium.
[9] A method for producing a fungal bed medium according to any one of [5] to [8], further comprising a planting step of planting,
In the inoculation step, inoculation is performed by an inoculation device arranged in the vicinity of the transportation device on the fungal bed medium in the process of being conveyed by the transportation device arranged in the vicinity of the discharge port of the closed tank. A method for producing an inoculated fungus bed medium.

In the present invention, "X and/or Y (X and Y are arbitrary configurations)" means at least one of X and Y, and only X, only Y, or X and Y. It means three ways.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The fungal bed medium production apparatus of the present invention is intended to automate the fungal bed medium production, and the production apparatus can be enlarged to sterilize a large amount of fungal bed medium raw material at one time in a short time. In addition, since sterilization and cooling are performed in the same device, the possibility of contamination with various germs is reduced compared to the case where these are performed in separate devices, and space is also saved. Since the apparatus for producing an inoculated fungal bed medium of the present invention uses the apparatus for producing a fungal bed medium of the present invention, similarly, a large amount of inoculated fungal bed medium can be produced in a short time. In addition, since the fungal bed medium is inoculated during transportation, the inoculum is less damaged by stirring the raw material of the fungal bed medium, and the growing state of the mycelium is less likely to be adversely affected.

The method for producing a fungal bed medium of the present invention automatically produces a fungal bed medium, and can sterilize and cool a large amount of fungal bed medium at one time in a short time. can enhance sexuality. In addition, the method for producing an inoculated fungus bed medium of the present invention can increase the productivity of the inoculated fungal bed medium production.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is explanatory drawing which shows one embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline|summary of the closed tank and jacket which are used for the said embodiment. It is a graph chart which shows an example of the driving schedule of the said embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows other embodiment of this invention. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the course of temperature rise in the closed tank of the example of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the progress of temperature rise in a closed tank of a comparative example of the present invention;

The present invention will be specifically described below.

The fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is for manufacturing a fungal bed medium used when cultivating mushrooms. In addition, the inoculated fungus bed medium production apparatus of the present invention obtains an inoculated fungus bed medium by inoculating mushroom spawn into the fungus bed medium produced by the above fungus bed medium producing apparatus. Examples of the mushrooms include shiitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, and oyster mushrooms.
In order to cultivate mushrooms using a cultivation bottle or the like, generally, first, a fungal bed medium raw material obtained by adding nutrients such as bran, rice bran, or corncob to sawdust is filled into the cultivation bottle or the like, and heat sterilized to obtain it. Inoculum of mushrooms is inoculated into the prepared fungal bed medium. The inoculated fungal bed medium (inoculated fungal bed medium) is hermetically sealed so as to prevent invasion of germs and the like, and is cultured in a culture chamber until a fungal bed in which mycelium spreads in the fungal bed medium. The resulting fungal bed is cultivated in a germination chamber until it reaches a size that allows harvesting of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) generated from the fungal bed. Cultivation of the fungal bed medium and cultivation of mushrooms in the present invention are generally carried out according to this flow.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus and an inoculated fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. That is, in this inoculated fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus, a planting device that continuously inoculates the fungus bed medium obtained by the fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus is integrated with the fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus. attached to.

Briefly describing the configurations of both, first, the fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus includes a sealed tank 1 that can accommodate and seal a fungal bed medium raw material 15a, and a jacket 2 that is provided along the outer peripheral surface of the sealed tank. and are provided.
Further, the inoculated fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus includes the fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus, a conveying device 8 for conveying the fungus bed medium 15 to the next step (filling device 10) for filling the culture bottle or the like, and the A planting device 9 arranged in the vicinity of the conveying device 8 is provided.

In the figure, 3 is a clean room for keeping the inside sterile, and 4 is a conveyor for conveying the fungal bed medium raw material 15a to the inlet 5 of the closed tank 1. As shown in FIG. 6 is a holding leg that holds the closed tank 1, 7 is a discharge port for discharging the manufactured fungal bed medium 15, 10 is a filling device for filling the fungal bed medium 15 into a container such as a cultivation bottle, and 11 is a fungal bed medium. It is a wheel loader that conveys the raw material 15a.
Details of the fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus and the inoculated fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus will be described below in order.

<Mushroom bed medium manufacturing equipment>
The sealed tank 1 is a first-class pressure vessel that accommodates a large amount (for example, 2 tons) of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a and can be sterilized with high pressure steam. At the bottom, there is provided a discharge port 7 through which the fungal bed culture medium 15 obtained after sterilization and cooling is completed is discharged. The inner peripheral surface of the closed tank 1 is mirror-finished, and inside it, there is a rotating shaft 12 that rotates about an axis for stirring the contained fungal bed medium raw material 15a, and a rotating shaft 12 A stirrer 14 having a stirrer blade 13 attached thereto is provided.

More specifically, as schematically shown in FIG. 2, the closed tank 1 is provided with a supply pipe H1 capable of switching between introduction of steam and introduction of compressed air (clean air). Steam or compressed air (clean air) can be introduced into the closed tank 1 . The supply pipe H1 is called a first supply pipe when steam is introduced, and is called a second supply pipe when compressed air (clean air) is introduced. The closed tank 1 is provided with hydration nozzles S1a and S1b for adding water to the fungal bed medium raw material 15a, and drain ports S2a and S2b for draining the water used for washing the inside of the closed tank 1. ing. In FIG. 2, H2 is an exhaust port that can discharge surplus air when compressed air (clean air) is introduced into the closed tank 1, and H3 is an exhaust valve (automatic air vent valve) for the air inside the pot when the temperature rises. , H4 is a decompression pipe for evacuating the air in the closed tank 1, and H5 is a safety valve (overpressure prevention electromagnetic valve) for adjusting the pressure in the closed tank 1. As shown in FIG.

Further, the closed tank 1 is provided with a pressure gauge M1 for measuring the pressure of the closed tank 1 and a thermometer M2 for measuring the temperature of the closed tank 1. The pressure and temperature of the closed tank 1 are adjusted by a control system that controls the amount of steam supplied from the first supply pipe H1 in light of temperature information and preset pressure and temperature information.

It should be noted that the control system in the present invention includes a series of devices for controlling the amount of steam supply and their control programs. Specifically, for example, the pressure gauge M1, the temperature gauge M2, and a controller (eg, digital controller, PID control, ON/OFF control) are provided, and the measured pressure and temperature and the target pressure and temperature are compared, and a supply valve (not shown) of the first supply pipe H1 is opened or closed according to the deviation.

A jacket 2 provided along the outer peripheral surface of the closed tank 1 is for heating or cooling the closed tank 1 from the outside. As shown in FIG. 1 are placed in close contact with each other. As shown in FIG. 2, the jacket 2 includes third supply pipes J1a, J2a, and J3a capable of switching between introduction of steam and discharge of water, and introduction of water and discharge of steam. Fourth supply pipes J1b, J2b, and J3b that can be switched and adapted, and drain outlets J1c, J2c, and J3c for discharging steam drain are provided. In FIG. 2 , the portion corresponding to the jacket 2 is hatched to clearly distinguish it from the closed tank 1 .

Using the apparatus of the above embodiment, for example, the fungal bed medium material 15a can be sterilized and cooled in the following manner. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, first, the apparatus of the above-described embodiment is prepared, and the fungal bed medium material 15a is conveyed by the conveyor 4 to the inlet 5 of the closed tank 1, and the closed tank 1 is fed from the inlet 5. put into After containing a predetermined amount of the fungal bed medium material 15a, the closed tank 1 is closed.

(Sterilization process)
Next, steam is supplied from the third supply pipes J1a, J2a, J3a to the jacket 2 to heat the closed tank 1 from the outside, and the excess adhering to the third supply pipes J1a, J2a, J3a is removed. remove excess moisture. This is done to prevent dew condensation on the inner wall surface of the jacket 2 and the inner peripheral surfaces of the third supply pipes J1a, J2a, J3a. You don't have to. At this time, if the air in the closed tank 1 is evacuated using the decompression pipe H4, the time required for temperature rise in the closed tank 1 can be shortened.

When the temperature of the closed tank 1 reaches a predetermined temperature, steam is started to be supplied from the first supply pipe H1 to the closed tank 1, and the jacket 2 is supplied from the third supply pipes J1a, J2a, J3a. continue to supply steam. Further, the stirring blade 13 of the stirring tool 14 is rotated to start stirring the fungal bed medium raw material 15a. When the temperature in the closed tank 1 measured by the thermometer M2 reaches 121° C., this state is generally maintained for 20 minutes or more, and the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is pressurized and heated while being stirred. Sterilize with At that time, by presetting the amount of steam supplied from the first supply pipe H1 to the closed tank 1 as described later, the fungal bed medium 15 having a water content adjusted within a predetermined range is prepared. Obtainable. Also, the pressure in the closed tank 1 is periodically measured by the pressure gauge M1, and the pressure in the closed tank 1 is adjusted using an exhaust valve H3 (automatic air vent valve) or the like so that the pressure does not become too high. .

The amount of steam supplied to the closed tank 1 includes the amount of pressurization (pressurization force, pressurization time), the amount of heating (heating temperature, heating time), the moisture content (moisture percentage) of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a before accommodation, and the Based on information such as water content (moisture percentage) set for the mushroom bed medium 15 to be used, the flow rate and time are controlled by the above control program to make it more suitable as the fungus bed medium 15 for mushrooms. can be done. In order to prevent the supply of steam to the closed tank 1 from excessively rising, the set temperature (for example, 121° C.) is compared with the temperature of the closed tank 1, and the amount of steam supplied is fed back based on the deviation between them. It is preferable to adjust while

In the present embodiment, regarding the mixing of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a, first, sawdust and nutrients are stirred, and after they are mixed uniformly to some extent, water is added using water addition nozzles S1a and S1b and further stirred. are doing. At this time, a target water content (moisture content) in the fungal bed medium 15 to be obtained is set, and the water (moisture content) originally contained in the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is measured and added from the hydration nozzles S1a and S1b. It is preferable to determine the amount of water, and it is preferable to set the water amount by subtracting the amount of water that increases with the steam supplied to the closed tank 1 from the amount of added water.

In the present embodiment, the closed tank 1 has a capacity of 7,000 L and a maximum charging capacity of 60%, so that a maximum of 4,200 L of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a can be accommodated. Further, if the normal charge capacity of the closed tank 1 is 50%, 3,500 L of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a can be accommodated. In this embodiment, since the fungal bed medium raw material 15a having a specific gravity of 1.6 is used, the weight of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a contained in the closed tank 1 is 4,200 L, which is the maximum charging capacity. In this case, it is 2,625 kg.

On the other hand, the range in which the capacity of the closed tank 1 can be properly agitated is determined by its mechanical capacity, and changing the amount of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a each time of production does not require setting such as changing the process conditions. is complicated and inefficient, the amount of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is generally set in the range of ⅓ to 4/5 of the capacity of the closed tank 1. When the closed tank 1 is of vertical type, it tends to be able to contain more fungal bed medium raw material 15a than when it is of horizontal type. That is, when the closed tank 1 is of horizontal type, the preferred range is 50 to 60% by volume of the capacity of the closed tank 1, whereas when the closed tank 1 is of vertical type, the preferred range is 70% to 80% by volume. Become.

The speed at which the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is stirred is not particularly limited, but in order to shorten the time, it is necessary to homogenize the stirring of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a containing sawdust and nutrients in as short a time as possible. There is Therefore, the rotation speed of the stirring blade 13 in the stirring tool 14 is preferably 3 to 20 rpm, more preferably 4 to 12 rpm.
On the other hand, in the sterilization process and the cooling process, stirring is usually required in all steps, and in order to avoid changes in physical properties due to over-kneading the fungal bed medium raw material 15a due to long-term stirring, the rotation speed of the stirring blade 13 is low or intermittent. It is preferable to carry out the operation, and it is particularly preferable that the rotation speed of the stirring blade 13 in the stirring tool 14 is 1 to 10 rotations/minute, and more preferably 1 to 5 rotations/minute.

(Cooling process)
After the sterilization of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is completed, the supply of steam from the first supply pipe H1 and the third supply pipes J1a, J2a, J3a is stopped, and the fourth supply pipe J1b, Water is supplied to the jacket 2 from J2b and J3b, and the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is cooled while stirring to produce the fungal bed medium 15. The cooling is performed to lower the temperature to a temperature at which the inoculum to be inoculated into the fungal bed medium in the inoculation step described later is not damaged, and the temperature is usually set to around 20°C. In the cooling process, when compressed air (clean air) is supplied from the second supply pipe H1 to the closed tank 1, there is a tendency that the time required for the cooling process can be shortened. good. If compressed air (clean air) is supplied from the second supply pipe H1 to the closed tank 1 while the pressure in the closed tank 1 is high, the steam will flow back and damage the HEPA filter. 2, after the pressure in the closed tank 1 has sufficiently decreased, compressed air (clean air) is supplied from the second supply pipe H1.

As the water supplied to the jacket 2, for example, tap water, well water, or the like can be used. When the difference between the temperature of the tank 1 and the temperature of the supplied water is 30°C or less, tap water, well water, or the like can be mixed with cooling water cooled to around 10°C. It is preferable, and more preferable, to switch to cooling water in all cases.

According to the fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment, the fungal bed culture medium manufacturing can be automated. can be enlarged to sterilize a large amount of fungal bed medium raw material 15a in a short time. For this reason, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, it takes time to mix, sterilize, and cool the fungal bed medium raw material 15a, and to inoculate the obtained fungal bed medium 15 (seed inoculation and filling into a cultivation container). A series of cycles can be performed in a short time. That is, when mixing, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, and filling are taken as one cycle, the conventional apparatus operates about once a day. According to the inoculated fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment, which is combined with the fungus apparatus, it is possible to operate four cycles per day.
In addition, since sterilization and cooling are both performed in the same sealed tank 1, there is no risk of contamination of various germs during transportation compared to the case where these are performed in separate devices, and space can be saved. Furthermore, in the sterilization step and the cooling step, the fungus bed medium raw material 15a is stirred using the stirrer 14, so that the fungus bed medium raw material 15a can be quickly sterilized and cooled to every corner. The quality of cooling is improved and the time required for sterilization and cooling is shortened.

According to the method for producing a fungal bed medium using the fungal bed medium producing apparatus of the above-described embodiment, simple control such as controlling the supply of steam to the closed tank 1 and the supply of steam to the jacket 2 can be performed. A good fungal bed medium can be supplied continuously just by doing this.

In addition, although the closed tank 1 capable of containing 2 tons of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is used in the fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment, the size of the closed tank 1 is not particularly limited.
However, if the capacity of the closed tank 1 is too small, it becomes difficult to maintain a balance between pressurization and heating of the contained fungal bed medium raw material 15a by steam and heating by the external jacket, resulting in the resulting fungal bed medium 15. It tends to be difficult to control the moisture content. That is, when high-pressure steam sterilization is performed, the lethal value (F value) of bacteria is determined by temperature and time. , a temperature of 121° C. must be maintained for 15 to 20 minutes (if the F-value during heating and cooling is not considered). The above F value is defined as F value = 1 when sterilization is performed at 121 ° C. for 1 minute. It is preferred to maintain for 30 minutes.

In the above sterilization, steam is intermittently supplied into the closed tank 1 while the temperature of 121° C. is maintained, so that a predetermined amount of water is added to the fungal bed medium raw material 15a by the steam. Therefore, if the amount of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a contained in the closed tank 1 is too small, the amount of water added by the supply of steam becomes too large, and it tends to be difficult to control the moisture content of the fungal bed medium 15 obtained. Be looked at. For this reason, the capacity of the closed tank 1 is preferably large enough to accommodate 0.2 tons or more of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a, and is within the range of the size capable of holding 0.5 to 3 tons of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a. is more preferable. When the capacity of the closed tank 1 is set within the above range, the pressure can be easily controlled, and the time required to sterilize and cool the entire fungal bed medium raw material 15a can be reduced, resulting in work efficiency. There is a tendency to be superior to Also, in cooling, there is a tendency that the area in contact with the jacket portion relatively increases, and the time required for cooling can be shortened. Furthermore, land transportation of the closed tank 1 is also easy, and it also has the advantage of being easy to install a device.

In the present embodiment, the apparatus for producing a fungal bed culture medium shown in FIG. 1 uses a horizontal type (rotating shaft 12 of stirrer 14 extends in the horizontal direction) as closed tank 1. However, as shown in FIG. , a vertical type with a funnel-shaped bottom (rotational shaft 12 of stirrer 14 extends vertically) may be used. When a vertical closed tank 1 is used, the sterilized fungal bed medium 15 can be taken out smoothly, and the production can be made more efficient. When taking out the fungal bed medium 15, a discharge screw may be installed in the vicinity of the discharge port 7 of the closed tank 1 to discharge more efficiently. In FIG. 4, the configuration is the same as in FIG. 1 except that the sealed tank 1 is of a vertical type, and the same parts as in FIG.

1 and 4, the jacket 2 is provided so as to cover the entire outer peripheral surface of the closed tank 1. However, if the closed tank 1 can be heated and cooled, it is not necessarily The jacket 2 may not have a shape that covers the entire surface. For example, the jacket 2 may be a pipe that is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the closed tank 1 with a space therebetween.

1 and 4, the inner peripheral surface of the closed tank 1 is mirror-finished. For example, it does not necessarily have to be mirror-finished. However, when the inner peripheral surface of the closed tank 1 is mirror-finished, the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is less likely to adhere to the inner peripheral surface of the closed tank 1, and the sterilization and cooling of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a are more uniform. can be planned.

In addition, although a stirrer 14 is provided inside the closed tank 1, depending on the breakdown (ratio of each component) of the fungal bed medium raw material 15a and the amount to be accommodated, the fungal bed medium raw material 15a may not be stirred. Since uniform sterilization is possible, it is not necessarily provided. However, if the stirrer 14 is provided, a uniform state can be reached more quickly. Further, even when the stirrer 14 is provided, its shape is not limited to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 as long as it can stir the fungal bed medium raw material 15a. However, it is preferable to have a shape in which the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is less likely to adhere and the fungal bed medium raw material 15a is less likely to stay during agitation. The stirrer 14 usually includes a stirring blade 13, a stirring shaft (stirring shaft), a shaft sealing device, a baffle (baffle plate/static blade), a motor, a speed reducer/transmission, and the like.

The stirring blades 13 may have any shape and area, and examples thereof include ribbon type, blade type, paddle type, anchor type, propeller type, and the like.

The stirring shaft (stirring shaft) is usually provided with one for each stirrer 14, but when the closed tank 1 is vertical, even if it is not one but a plurality of branches. good. If it has a plurality of branches, since there is no central axis, the adhesion of the fungal bed medium 15 (fungal bed medium raw material 15a) can be reduced, and the movement of the fungal bed medium 15 (fungal bed medium raw material 15a) is smooth and smooth. Reliable stirring can be performed.

The shaft sealing device is an important device for preventing leakage in order to make the stirrer 14 resistant to high-pressure steam sterilization in the closed tank 1 .
That is, when the closed tank 1 is of a horizontal type, since the stirring shaft is oriented horizontally (horizontally extending), two shaft sealing devices are required at both ends of the closed tank 1 . In addition, since the shaft sealing portion is in direct contact with the fungal bed medium 15 (the fungal bed medium raw material 15a) and the bearing bears its own weight downward, a high-level mechanical seal is required for sealing.
On the other hand, when the closed tank 1 is of vertical type, since the stirring shaft is oriented vertically (oriented vertically), only one shaft sealing device is required at the upper portion (the lower portion is unnecessary). Further, since the shaft sealing portion is not in direct contact with the fungal bed medium 15 (the fungal bed medium raw material 15a) and the force is evenly applied to the bearing, the sealing is relatively easy to maintain. Therefore, in this case, an expensive mechanical seal is not required, and an inexpensive mechanical seal (single, dry seal, etc.) or gland packing can be used.

The baffle (baffle plate/stator blade) may have any shape and area. ) to direct the flow of the fungal bed medium 15 (the fungal bed medium raw material 15a) also in the vertical direction.
On the other hand, when the closed tank 1 is of horizontal type, it is preferable to provide a space above the closed tank 1 so that the fungal bed medium 15 (fungal bed medium raw material 15a) falls under its own weight.

When the stirring tool 14 is provided, the gap (clearance) between the closed tank 1 and the stirring blade 13 is not particularly limited. It is preferably 5 to 7 mm, more preferably 5 to 7 mm. When the clearance is within the above range, there is a tendency that uniform mixing can be achieved in a shorter period of time.
Further, the maximum blade diameter of the stirring blades 13 is preferably set to 80% or more of the diameter of the closed tank 1, especially when the stirring blades 13 are ribbon type, the maximum blade diameter of the stirring blades 13 is preferably set to 90% or more of the diameter of the closed tank 1 . When the maximum blade diameter of the stirring blade 13 is within the above range, there is a tendency that uniform mixing can be achieved in a shorter time.

Depending on the type of the stirring blade 13, even if the maximum blade diameter is set to be the same as the diameter of the closed tank 1, the inner wall of the closed tank 1 may not be entirely covered. In that case, for example, by attaching a scraper made of resin or the like to the stirring blade 13, or by attaching a scraper blade different from the stirring blade 13, the fungus bed medium 15 (fungus bed medium raw material 15a) can be removed. Adhesion can be prevented.

1 and 4 are provided with a pressure reduction pipe H4 as shown in FIG. , does not necessarily have to be provided. However, if the decompression pipe H4 is provided, steam can be supplied after the closed tank 1 is decompressed by connecting it to a vacuum pump or the like, and the air in the closed tank 1 can be quickly replaced with high-heat steam. Therefore, the time required to complete sterilization can be further shortened. Further, depending on the composition (ratio of each component) of the fungal bed medium material 15a, the air discharge (reduced pressure) in the closed tank 1 and the steam supply may be repeated. Furthermore, in the step of cooling the fungal bed medium raw material 15a, the hot steam in the closed tank 1 can be forcibly discharged to enable more rapid cooling.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the closed tank 1 is provided with a supply pipe H1 capable of switching between introduction of steam and introduction of compressed air (clean air). Separate supply pipes are provided for introducing steam and for introducing compressed air (clean air), such as a first supply pipe for introducing steam and a second supply pipe for introducing compressed air (clean air). Alternatively, the second supply pipe for introducing compressed air (clean air) may not be provided.

<Inoculated fungus bed medium manufacturing equipment>
As described above, the inoculated fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a conveying device 8 and a seeding device 9 attached to the discharge port 7 side of the fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus. ing.

The conveying device 8 disposed near the discharge port 7 of the closed tank 1 (returning to FIG. 1) is, for example, a conveyor, and transports the fungal bed culture medium 15 discharged from the discharge port 7 from one end to the other. It is to send to the end side, and the fungal bed medium 15 is conveyed to the next step (filling device 10 in this embodiment).

The inoculating device 9 provided in the vicinity of the conveying device 8 includes, for example, an inoculum inoculation port and a feeding device capable of continuously feeding the seed fungus, and is in the middle of being conveyed by the conveying device 8 (for example, a conveyor Inoculum such as mushrooms can be continuously inoculated (inoculated) to the fungal bed medium 15 (above, etc.). In addition, as another method of adding the seed during the transportation process, a hopper is provided directly below the discharge port 7 of the fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus, and a device for mixing the fungus bed medium 6 accumulated there and the seed fungus is provided. , and then it can be transported to a predetermined position by the transport device 8 . The planting device 9 is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used for planting. The inoculated fungal bed medium is bottled or bagged by the filling device 10 and taken out, or sent to another process. In addition, even in the inoculated fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus equipped with devices such as the transport device 8 and the inoculation device 9, the removable parts of each device are sterilized by autoclave or alcohol separately, and cannot be removed. Needless to say, the main body of the apparatus is used in a clean state (a state in which antibacterial measures have been implemented) after being sterilized with circulating steam or the like.

According to the inoculated fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment, since the inoculating device 9 is provided separately from the fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus, the inoculum is added to the closed tank 1 containing the fungus bed medium 15. Compared to the case of inoculating the fungus by throwing in, the inoculum is not damaged by stirring the fungal bed medium 15, the growth condition of mushrooms in cultivation is improved, and the yield of mushrooms is increased. There is a tendency to

In addition, it becomes possible to devise the shape of the fungal bed medium 15 at the time of inoculation (for example, to reduce the thickness of the fungal bed medium 15), and it becomes easy to evenly disperse the inoculum in the fungal bed medium 15. , the spread of mycelia in the fungal bed medium 15 is promoted, and a fungal bed medium (mycelium) in which mycelia spread more quickly can be obtained, and the harvest time of mushrooms cultivated on the fungal bed can be shortened. .

Further, according to the method for producing the inoculated fungus bed medium of this embodiment, the steps up to the inoculation can be performed continuously, and the next step can be continuously supplied.

<Amount harvested from mushroom bed>
First, a seed culture of shiitake mushrooms was inoculated into a fungal bed medium obtained by the following apparatus or method, shiitake mushrooms were cultivated, and the yield was measured.

[Example 1 and Comparative Example 1]
As Example 1, shiitake mushrooms (late maturing type) were inoculated into the fungus bed medium manufactured by the fungus bed medium manufacturing apparatus described in the above embodiment (inoculation described in the above embodiment A culture bag filled with 2.5 kg of the inoculated bacterium bed medium obtained by the bacterium bed medium manufacturing apparatus) was used as Comparative Example 1, which was obtained by a conventionally used method (culture bag Fill 2.5 kg of the fungal bed medium raw material in a container, perform high-pressure steam sterilization using a sterilization pot such as an autoclave on the fungal bed medium raw material together with the container, and cool the fungal bed medium. was inoculated) was used.
Then, the above Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were cultured in a culture room (room temperature 22 ° C., humidity 70%) for the number of days shown in Table 1 below, and after a predetermined number of days had passed, they were transferred to a cultivation room (room temperature 15 ° C., humidity 90%). It was moved and cultivated.
The cultivation was carried out by placing the fungus bed taken out from the culture bag on a cultivation shelf arranged in the cultivation chamber. The yield in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is the total weight of shiitake mushrooms harvested for 15 days from the start of cultivation including the day the shiitake mushrooms were moved to the cultivation room. In addition, the harvest amount (total weight) is obtained by cultivating 10 mushroom beds in both Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, calculating the average harvest amount (average total weight) per one mushroom bed from them, and adopting that value. bottom. The calculated results are shown in Table 1 below.

From the results in Table 1, in Example 1, shiitake mushrooms could be harvested after 70 days of culture, and the amount of increase was small even when the number of days of culture was extended to 130 days.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, a small amount of shiitake mushrooms could be harvested after 80 days of culture, and as the number of days of culture was extended, the yield gradually increased, but it was not as good as in Example 1 even after 130 days of culture.
That is, in Comparative Example 1, the harvested amount (334 g/culture bag) from the fungal bed cultured for 130 days, whereas in Example 1, the harvested amount (404 g/culture bag) exceeded this in the fungal bed obtained by culturing for 70 days. ), it was shown that Example 1 is extremely excellent in that the time required for cultivation is greatly shortened.

<Temperature of closed tank>
Next, the temperature in the closed tank was measured over time when steam or water was supplied using each of the fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatuses described below, and the progress of the temperature rise was observed.

[Example 2]
Using the fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus of the above embodiment, the temperature in the closed tank was measured over time when steam or water was supplied under the following conditions, and a graph showing the progress of the temperature rise is shown. , and shown in FIG.
That is, from the start to (I), steam was supplied only to the jacket to preheat the closed tank 1 and remove residual water in the supply pipe.
Then, steam was supplied to both the closed tank and the jacket until the temperature in the closed tank 1 reached 100° C., and the closed tank 1 was heated from both sides to shorten the heating time [(I)-( section of II)].
Then, while the inside of the closed tank 1 was kept at 105° C. by supplying steam only to the jacket, the air inside the closed tank 1 was discharged from the exhaust port H2 [section (II) to (III)].
After that, the exhaust valve H3 was closed, and steam was supplied to both the closed tank and the jacket until the temperature in the closed tank 1 reached 121°C, the temperature was maintained for a predetermined time, and a predetermined F value was achieved [(III ) to (IV)].
The supply of steam to both the closed tank and the jacket was stopped, and water was supplied to the jacket from the fourth supply pipe to lower the temperature in the closed tank 1 [section (IV) to (V)].

[Comparative Example 2]
The temperature in the closed tank when steam or water is supplied under the following conditions using the same apparatus as the apparatus used in Example 2 except that the first supply pipe for supplying steam to the closed tank is not provided. was measured over time, and a graph showing the degree of temperature rise is shown in FIG.
That is, from the start, steam was continuously supplied only to the jacket, and the temperature in the closed tank 1 was set to 121°C, but the set temperature was not reached even after a predetermined time (elapsed time V) passed. .

As shown in FIG. 5, it was found that the material of Example 2 was able to perform sufficient sterilization and cooling in a short period of time. However, as shown in FIG. 6, in Comparative Example 2, sufficient sterilization could not be performed in the first place.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus and the inoculated fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus of the present invention are easy to automate in the fungal bed medium manufacturing, and the possibility of contamination with various germs is extremely low. Since the culture medium can be produced in a large amount in a short time, it is suitable for mass production of mushrooms.

1 closed tank 2 jacket 15a fungal bed medium raw material H1 first supply pipes J1a, J2a, J3a third supply pipes J1b, J2b, J3b fourth supply pipes

Claims (9)

Equipped with a closed tank that can contain and seal a fungal bed medium raw material, and a jacket provided along the outer peripheral surface of the closed tank,
The closed tank includes an inlet for charging the raw material for the fungal bed culture medium into the closed tank, an outlet for discharging the fungal bed culture medium manufactured from the closed tank, and a first supply pipe for supplying steam to the closed tank. and
the jacket comprises a third supply pipe that supplies steam to the jacket and a fourth supply pipe that supplies water to the jacket;
With the mushroom bed medium raw material stored in the closed tank, steam is supplied from the first supply pipe to the closed tank, and steam is supplied from the third supply pipe to the jacket to produce the mushroom bed. The medium raw material is sterilized under pressure and heat,
After the sterilization, water is supplied to the jacket from the fourth supply pipe to cool the sterilized fungal bed medium raw material,
A fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus, wherein the fungal bed medium raw material is sterilized and cooled in the closed tank. 2. The apparatus for producing a fungal bed culture medium according to claim 1, wherein a stirrer having a stirring blade is provided inside said closed tank. 3. The apparatus for producing a fungal bed culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the closed tank is provided with a decompression pipe for decompressing the closed tank. A fungal bed medium manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a conveying device arranged near the outlet of the closed tank, and a planting device arranged near the conveying device. and an apparatus for producing an inoculated fungus-bed medium, wherein the inoculating device inoculates the fungus-bed medium being conveyed by the conveying device. preparing a closed tank that can accommodate and seal the fungal bed medium raw material and a jacket provided along the outer peripheral surface of the closed tank;
a sterilization step of storing the fungal bed medium raw material in the closed tank, supplying steam to the closed tank, and supplying steam to the jacket to sterilize the fungal bed medium raw material under pressure and heat;
and a cooling step of supplying air to the closed tank and supplying water to the jacket to cool the sterilized fungal bed medium raw material. 6. The method for producing a fungal bed medium according to claim 5, wherein in the sterilization step and/or the cooling step, the fungal bed medium raw material is stirred by a stirrer provided inside the closed tank. 7. The method for producing a fungal bed medium according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the sterilization step, steam is supplied to the closed tank after the closed tank is depressurized. The bacterium according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein in the sterilization step, the start timing of supplying steam to the closed tank and the start timing of supplying steam to the jacket are set to be different from each other. A method for producing a bed medium. A method for producing a fungal bed medium according to any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising an inoculation step of inoculating the inoculated fungal bed medium,
In the inoculation step, inoculation is performed by an inoculation device arranged in the vicinity of the transportation device on the fungal bed medium being conveyed by the transportation device arranged in the vicinity of the discharge port of the closed tank. A method for producing an inoculated fungus bed medium.

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