JP2022538271A - 二次感染の予防および/または治療に使用するための表面タンパク質(sp-d)/sirpa/shp2経路の阻害剤 - Google Patents
二次感染の予防および/または治療に使用するための表面タンパク質(sp-d)/sirpa/shp2経路の阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
を超えるので、公共保健制度に高い経済的負担を課す。米国では、HAP管理に年間80億ドルを費やしている。(Eber,M.R.,et al.2010[8])。国際的な勧告(Torres,A.et al.(2017)[9]、Kalil,A.C.et al 2016[10])が啓発されたにもかかわらず、HAPを予防するための戦略として細菌性負荷の低減を目的とする療法および予防手段は、結果の改善をもたらしておらず、一般的に、治療は未だに上首尾ではない(Klompas,M.2009[11]、Weiss,E.2017[12])。革新的かつより効率的な療法を開発するには、HAP発症に影響を与える要因をより良好に理解することが火急に必要とされている。特に利益となるのは、HAPなどの院内疾患に対する感受性を予測し、感染に対する宿主の耐性を改善することを目的とする戦略である。
る。言い換えれば、発明者らは、驚くべきことに、SP-D濃度の増加がAMによる貪食の長期にわたる減少と関連し、特にSIRP-α活性化が、細胞の微小環境を数週間変化させるので、この欠陥が、SP-D濃度の正常化後も続くことを実証している。
在では、ペプチドは、SP-Dを阻害することができる当業者からの既知の任意のペプチドであり得る。これは、例えば、市販のペプチド、例えば、LSBioによって商品化されたLS-E15283を参照するペプチドであり得る。
、SIRPαを阻害することができる市販のアンチセンスオリゴであり得る。
Zeng,Yantao He,Sheng Zhang,Zhong-Yin Zhang.Small molecule tools for functional interrogation of protein tyrosine phosphatases FEBS Journal 2013 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08718.x[22])であり得る。
Ho Man Chan,et al.Allosteric inhibition of SHP2 phosphatase inhibits cancers driven by receptor tyrosine kinases.Nature 2016,https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18621[23])に開示の小分子、またはLinxiang Lan,Jane D Holland,Jingjing Qi,Stefanie Grosskopf,Regina Vogel,Balazs Gyorffy,Annika Wulf-Goldenberg,Walter Birchmeier Shp2 signaling suppresses senescence in PyMT-induced mammary gland cancer in mice The EMBO Journal 2015,10.15252/embj.201489004[47]に開示のG493であり得る。
socomial Fungal Infection”Clin Microbiol
Rev,1996;9(4):499-511[26]に開示の任意の真菌であり得る。二次感染は、Candida spp、Aspergillus spp、Mucor、Adsidia、Rhizopus、Malassezia、Trichosporon、Fusarium spp、Acremonium、Paecilomyces、Pseudallescheriaを含む群から選択される真菌の種に起因し得る。
ビル、アンプリゲン、アルビドール、アタザナビル、アトリプラ、バラビル、シドフォビル、コンビビル、ドルテグラビル、ダルナビル、デラビルジン、ジダノシン、ドコサノール、エドクスジン、エファビレンツ、エムトリシタビン、エンフビルチド、エンテカビル、エコリエベル(Ecoliever)、ファムシクロビル、フォミビルセン、ホスアンプレナビル、ホスカルネット、ホスホネット、融合阻害剤、ガンシクロビル、イバシタビン、イムノビル、イドクスウリジン、イミキモド、インジナビル、イノシン、インテグラーゼ阻害剤、III型インターフェロン、II型インターフェロン、I型インターフェロン、インターフェロン、ラミブジン、ロピナビル、ロビリド、マラビロックモロキシジン、メチサゾン、ネルフィナビル、ネビラピン、ネキサビル、ニタゾキサニド、ヌクレオシド類似体、ノービア、オセルタミビル、ペグインターフェロンアルファ-2a、ペンシクロビル、ペラミビル、プレコナリル、ポドフィロトキシン、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、ラルテグラビル、逆転写酵素阻害剤、リバビリン、リマンタジン、リトナビル、ピラミジン、サキナビル、ソホスブビル、スタブジン、テラプレビル、テノフォビル、テノフォビルジソプロキシル、ティプラナビル、トリフルリジン、トリジビル、トロマンタジン、ツルバダ、バラシクロビル、バルガンシクロビル、ビクリビロク、ビダラビン、ビラミジン、ザルシタビン、ザナミビル、ジドブジンを含む群から選択される抗ウイルス性化合物であり得る。
a.当該対象の生物学的試料中の表面タンパク質D(SP-D)の濃度(C1)および/または発現レベル(L1)を決定すること、
b.測定された濃度C1および/または発現L1の、対応する参照値Crefおよび/またはLrefとの比較を含む、方法である。
-S1>1および/もしくはS2>1の場合、対象は、任意の病原体に対する免疫応答が欠損している可能性が高いと見なされるか、または
-S1≦1および/もしくはS2≦1である場合、対象は、任意の病原体に対する免疫応答が欠損している可能性が低いと見なされる。
a.当該対象の生物学的試料中の表面タンパク質D(SP-D)の濃度(Cs1)および/または発現レベル(Ls1)を決定すること、
b.測定された濃度Cs1および/または発現Ls1の、対応する参照値Csrefおよび/またはLsrefとの比較を含む、方法である。
-S3>1および/もしくはS4>1の場合、対象は、任意の病原体に対する免疫応答が欠損している可能性が高いと見なされるか、または
-S3≦1および/もしくはS4≦1である場合、対象は、任意の病原体に対する免疫応答が欠損している可能性が低いと見なされる。
度のレベルは、1~1000mg/mLであり得る。例えば、表面タンパク質D(SP-D)の参照される濃度のレベルは、1pg/mL~1000mg/mLであり得る。例えば、参照値Csrefは、1pg/mL~1000mg/mLであり得る。
J.Maerkl,Experimental strategies for studying transcription factor-DNA binding specificities,Brief Funct Genomics.2010 Dec;9(5-6):362-373[28]に開示の任意の方法を用いて決定することができる。
a.当該対象の生物学的試料中のSIRPαの濃度(Ca1)および/または発現レベル(La1)を決定すること、
b.測定された濃度Ca1および/または発現La1の、対応する参照値Carefおよび/またはLarefとの比較を含む、方法。
-S5>1および/もしくはS6>1の場合、対象は、任意の病原体に対する免疫応答が欠損している可能性が高いと見なされるか、または
-S5≦1および/もしくはS6≦1である場合、対象は、任意の病原体に対する免疫応答が欠損している可能性が低いと見なされる。
材料および方法
使用したマウスは、C57BL/6J(B6)、B6.SJL-PtprcaPep3b/BoyJ(CD45.1)、C57BL/6J-Tlr9M7Btlr/Mmjax(Tlr9-/-)49、C57BL/6-Tg(Foxp3-DTR/EGFP)23.2Spar/Mmjax(FoxP3プロモーターの制御下でジフテリア毒素受容体およびGFPを発現させた、いわゆるDEREGマウス)50、B6.Cg-Tg(Itgax-cre)1-1Reiz/J(CD11cプロモーターの制御下でCreリコンビナーゼを発現させた、いわゆるCD11ccreマウス)52に交配させたTgfb2rfl/fl(Tgfb2r遺伝子周辺のFloxed領域)51、およびSIRPαtm1Nog(SIRP-α-/-)マウス53であった。技術的な理由から、性別を考慮せずにマウスを実験に使用した。オスとメスのマウスは、特定の病原体を含まない条件で維持し、Bio21 Institute Animal Facility(Parkville,Australia)またはUTE-IRS2 Nantes Biotech Animal Facility(Nantes,France)で機関のガイドラインに従って群で飼育し、6~14週齢で実験に使用した。実験手順は、Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Melbourne(プロトコル#1413066)およびAnimal Ethics Committee of the Pays de la Loire(APAFIS#7893-2015113011481071)によって承認された。
Bioresources:IBIS-敗血症(重度敗血症患者)およびIBIS(脳損傷患者)、Nantes,France。患者は、2016年1月~2017年5月まで、1つの大学病院(Nantes,France)の2つのフFrench Surgical Intensive Care Unitsに登録した。ヒト試料の収集は、French Ministry of Health(DC-2011-1399)に宣言されており、機関の審査委員会によって承認されている。登録には、近親者からの書面によるインフォームドコンセントが必要であった。可能な場合、遡って患者から同意を得た。
37℃のLuriaブロス培地で18時間増殖させたE.coli(DH5α)を2回洗浄し(1.000×g、10分、37℃)、滅菌等張食塩水で希釈し、比濁法によって較正した。E.coli(75μL、OD600=0.6~0.7)またはインフルエンザウイルス(400プラーク形成単位のインフルエンザ、ウイルス株WSNx31)を、麻酔をかけたマウスにそれぞれ気管内または鼻腔内に注射して、非致死性の急性肺炎を誘発させた。
麻酔下で、CpG1668(10nM)、TNF-α(2.5μg、Myltenyi
Biotec、Paris,France)、およびHMGB1(10μg、Elabscience、TX,USA)を気管内投与した。注射後60秒間、マウスを半横臥位に保持した。
TNF-αのレベルは、マウスTNF-α ELISA Ready-SET-Goキット(Thermo Fisher Scientific、MA,USA)を用いて測定した。コレクチンSP-AおよびSP-Dの濃度は、Didevelop(Jiangsu,China)からのマウスサーファクタント関連タンパク質AおよびD Ready-to-Use ELISAキットを用いて測定した。乳酸塩レベルは、乳酸塩アッセイキット(Sigma、St.Quentin Fallavier,France)を使用して決定した。
ジフテリア毒素(0.2μg i.p、24時間間隔で2回注射、次いで3日ごと)をDEREGマウスに投与して、Treg細胞の枯渇をそれぞれ誘発させた。DEREGマウスは、一次肺炎の4日後から処理した。枯渇の効率(細胞数)を実験中に制御し、通常90%を超えた。
レシピエントマウスを550グレイで2回γ線照射し、示された比で各関連ドナー株の2.5~5×106個のT細胞枯渇骨髄細胞を用いて再構成した。次の4週間、ネオマイシン(50mg/ml)を飲料水に添加した。再構成の6~10週間後の後続実験に、キメラを使用した。実験中にキメラ現象のパーセンテージを試験した。
肺および脾臓からのマクロファージの精製、分析、および分取フローサイトメトリーは、[17]に記載されるように実施した。以下のコンジュゲートモノクローナル抗体を使用した:抗CD11c(N418、BioLegend)、抗CD11b(M1/70、BD Biosciences)、抗CD24(M1/69、BD Biosciences)、抗CD172a(SIRP-α、P84、BD Biosciences)、抗MHCII(M5/114、BioLegend)、抗CD45.1(A20.1;eBioscience)、抗F4/80(BM8、BioLegend)、固定可能なViability Dye(eBioscience)。試料は、LSR-FortessaまたはLSR-II(Becton Dickinson)で獲得し、Flowjo Software(TreeStar Inc、Ashland,OR)を使用して分析した。養子移入用のAMは、4~5匹のマウスの蓄積した気管支肺胞洗浄液(純度>95%)から得、非照射レシピエントに気管内注射した(5~10.104個の細胞/レシピエント)。
ヒトPBMCを解凍し、遮断抗SIRP-α(OSE-172、ヒト化遮断抗SIRPαクローン18D5 10μg.ml-1、OSE Immunotherapeutics)を含むかまたは含まない完全培地で、一晩培養した。PBMCを2回洗浄し、次いで37.0℃で2~4時間、YFP-E.coli(0.1のMOI)またはYFP-Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)(0.1のMOI)に感染させた。単球は、抗ヒト抗CD14抗体(63-D3、Biolegend)で選択した。貪食単球の頻度は、インビトロ感染の1、2、および4時間後にフローサイトメトリー(CD14+細胞中のYFP+細胞のパーセンテージ)によって決定した。
YFP-S.aureus(Malone,C.L.et al.2009[29]によって進呈されたYFP/erm2プラスミドを含むRN4220株)、およびYFP-E.coli(Janssen,W.J.et al 2011[30]によって進呈されたp-HG-1プラスミドを含むDH5アルファ株)を、エリスロマイシン10μg/mLまたは20μg/mLのクロラムフェニコールをそれぞれ含むLuriaブロス培地で一晩増殖させた。Fluoresbrite YGカルボキシレートミクロスフェア(3.64 109ビーズ、0.5mm;Polysciences)、YFP-E.coli(OD600=2~3、75μL)、またはYFP-S.aureus(OD600
=5~6、75μL)をマウスにi.t.注射した。2時間後、肺のFITCまたはYFP+マクロファージのパーセンテージをフローサイトメトリーによって測定した。
非感染マウスまたは感染治癒したマウスの脾細胞を、37.0℃で2時間、YFP-E.coli(1のMOI)またはYFP-Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)(0.1のMOI)に感染させた。単球は、F4/80およびCD11b抗体で選択した。貪食単球の頻度は、インビトロ感染の2時間後にフローサイトメトリー(F4/80+細胞中のYFP+細胞のパーセンテージ)によって決定した。
YFP-E.coliの貪食は、フローサイトメトリーと共焦点顕微鏡技術(ImageStream X Mark II、Amnis)を組み合わせたImageStreamXフローサイトメーターによって評価した。ヒト単球(CD14+細胞)およびマウスAM(CD11C+ F4/80+細胞)画像は、405nm(120mW)、488nm(20mW)、および642nm(150mW)の励起レーザーを用いて40倍の倍率で、ImageStreamXのINSPIRE(商標)ソフトウェアで獲得した。データ分析は、IDEASソフトウェア(Amnis Corporation)を使用して実施した。分析のゲーティング戦略には、まず生存マーカー、次いで蛍光に焦点を合わせた生細胞の選択が関与した。
PKH26(Red Fluorescent Phagocytic Cell Linker Kit;Sigma-Aldrich)(希釈液Bの希釈後20mM)をマウスの肺に直接滴注した(Urban,J.H.&Vogel,J.2007[31]。PKH26の少なくとも24時間後に、マウスをE.coli(OD600=2~3、75μL i.t.)に感染させて、常在肺胞マクロファージの選択的標識を確実にした。常在(PKH26++)または動員(PKH26-)肺胞マクロファージのパーセンテージは、感染の7日後のBAL中で測定した。
気管内移入では、CD45.2+マウスのBALから単離した5~8x105個のAMを、麻酔したCD45.1+動物の肺に直接滴注した。移入した細胞の表現型および貪食機能は、上記のように7日後に測定した。
肺炎の5日後および6日後に、マウスに1mgのブロモデオキシウリジン(BrdU)(Sigma、St Louis,MO)を腹腔内注射した。7日目に、マクロファージを単離し、記載されているように分析した(Kamath,AT et al.2002、[32])。
QIAGEN RNEasy plus mini-kitを使用して、FACSで選別した細胞をRNA調製のために溶解させた。野生型およびSIRP-αノックアウトマウスの麻痺したAMおよび定常状態のAMから、3つの独立したRNA試料を得た。読み取り数が少ないことに起因して、1つの試料をさらなる分析から除外した(表4を参照されたい)。QIAGEN RNEasy plus mini-kitを使用して、FACSで選別した細胞をRNA調製のために溶解させた。次いで、Poly-Aで選択したmRNAを、NEBキットを使用してユーザーガイドに従って、Illuminaシーケ
ンス対応ライブラリーに変換した。cDNAライブラリーを蓄積し、Illumina NextSeq 500を1回実行してInstitut Cochin、Parisで配列決定した。各試料で平均2,100万の75bpシングルエンド読み取りを得た。読み取りを、デフォルトのパラメーター(PMID:23104886)を使用するSTARを使用して、mm10ゲノムにマッピングした。各遺伝子にマッピングされた断片の数を、featureCountsおよびmm10.gtf遺伝子アノテーションを使用して計数した(Kamath,A.T.et al.2002,[32])。配列データおよび読み取り数は、EGAに保管されている。
GraphPadプリズム(La jolla,CA.United States)を使用してデータをプロットした。両側p値および95%信頼区間を用いる対応のないT検定およびMann-Whitneyの対応のない検定。多重比較には、Bonferonni補正を用いる一元配置分散分析(事後検定)を使用した。相関性を、線形回帰試験によって調査した。実験の統計的詳細(群当たりの正確なマウスの数、正確なP値、分散および精度の測定値)は、図の凡例に見出すことができる。統計的有意性についてはP<0.05。
炎症からの回復後のヒト単球における長期の貪食欠陥
イメージングフローサイトメトリーを使用して、全身性炎症を患う外傷患者の単球の、黄色蛍光タンパク質(YFP)を発現する細胞外細菌を貪食する能力(図1a)を測定した(表1)。この技法により、YFPposであるが細菌が細胞表面に単に付着している(非貪食)ものと区別しながら、細胞内に細菌を保有する(貪食)YFPpos単球の高スループット定量化の実施が可能になった。使用した細菌は、それぞれ最も頻度の高いグラム陰性菌およびグラム陽性球菌であり、重度敗血症患者および外傷患者におけるHAPの原因である、Escherichia coli(E.coli)およびStaphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)であった。貪食単球のパーセンテージは、外傷誘発性炎症患者の方が低く、解消の6か月後には回復の兆候はなかった(図1b~c)。重度敗血症を患う患者の単球でも、貪食が低減し(図1d)、これが重病患者に共通の特色であることを示している。
貪食障害がマウス貪食細胞でも観察されたかを試験するために、二重感染モデルを使用して臨床シナリオを模倣した。マウスに、まず細菌性(E.coli)またはウイルス性(インフルエンザAウイルス、IAV)の一次肺炎を施し、7日間回復させ、次いで気管内に蛍光E.coliまたはS.aureusを感染させて二次肺炎を引き起こさせた(図2a)。感染の24時間後のこれらのマウスにおける細菌性負荷は、同じ病原体による一次肺炎を患うマウスよりも高かった(図2b)。一次肺炎を患うマウスでは、AMが、細菌の貪食に関与する最も活性な細胞型であり、感染の2時間後に貪食のピークが観察された(図2cおよび図8)。これらのAMの貪食活性は、二次肺炎中にひどく損なわれ(図2d~e)、一次肺炎発症後少なくとも28日間は顕著に損なわれたままであった(図2f)。マクロファージは一次感染の7日後に活性化の兆候を呈さないことを以前に報告しているので、持続的なAM活性化は貪食障害の原因にはなり得なかった12。さらに、BrDU組込みによって測定された、一次肺炎から回復したマウスのマクロファージ再生率は、非感染マウスのものに匹敵した(図2g)。この一連の実験は、肺で、ゆっくりした速度でターンオーバーし続けるAMが、肺炎からの回復後の数か月間、細菌を捕獲する能力が損なわれた状態で発展することを実証している。
さらに、分子機序が、高い貪食(肺炎前)から不十分な貪食(一次感染をクリアした後)へのAMの機能的シフトを支えるという特徴を明確にすることが、上の結果から喚起された。まず、炎症が(骨髄前駆体に潜在的に)全身的に作用したか、または局所的に作用した後のAMのリプログラミングの原因となるシグナルを調べた。E.coliまたはS.aureusに対する脾臓マクロファージの貪食能力は、E.coli肺炎の7日後に変化せず(図3a)、感染によって引き起こされた免疫欠陥が局所的であることを示している。
麻痺は、組織シグナルによって、またはAM系統の長期的な変化によって継続的にプログラムされた。感染治癒したマウス(CD45.1neg)から収集した気管内の麻痺したAMをナイーブレシピエント(CD45.1pos)に接種した。これらのAMは、移入の7日後に機能した(図3c)。逆に、ナイーブCD45.1negマウスからの機能的AMを、CD45.1pos感染治癒したレシピエントマウスに接種すると、ドナーAMは麻痺した(図3d)。麻痺プログラムの長期的な維持は、感染が発生した環境に残っているシグナルに依存していることを実証した。そのようなシグナルは、感染した組織によって(危険関連分子パターンまたは二次炎症シグナル)(Van de Laar,L.et al,2016[37])、または感染部位に残留する病原体関連分子パターンによって(Machiels,B.et al.2017[38])産生される内因性メディエーターからなり得る。照射した野生型(WT)マウスが、1:1の比の野生型(CD45.1pos)またはTlr9-/-(CD45.1neg)ドナーからの骨髄で再構成された場合、混合骨髄キメラのこの使用に取り組んだ。この設定では、キメラマウスのWT AMは、病原体関連分子パターン模倣CpG(TLR9によって認識される)に直接応答することができるが、Tlr9-/-AMは、CpGを認識することができないが、WT細胞によって産生される二次シグナルに応答することができ(Ma,K.C.,et al.2017[39]、Cegelski,L.et al.2008[40])、キメラ動物にCpGを気管内接種し、7日後にE.coli-YFPに感染させてWTおよびTlr9-/-AMによる貪食を測定した(図3e)。細胞の両方の群は貪食機能障害を表示し(図3e)、AM麻痺が病原体産生物との直接的な遭遇ではなく、内因性メディエーターによって誘発されたことを暗示している。これらのメディエーターは、腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)-αなどの炎症性サイトカイン、または感染中に大量に放出される高移動度群ボックス-1(HMGB1)などの危険関連分子パターン(DAMP)のいずれかであり得る。これら2つのタイプのメディエーターのうちのどちらがAM麻痺の主な原因であるかを決定するために、マウスにTNF-αまたはHMGB1を気管内接種し、7日後にE.coli-YFPに感染させた。HMGB1処理マウスのAMではなく、TNF-α処理マウスのAMは、貪食機能障害を表示し(図3fおよび10a~b)、これのみがである必要はないが、後者のサイトカインが、AM麻痺誘発の原因であり得ることを示唆している。
他の潜在的な内因性メディエーターを調査した。肺感染の解消は、貪食の2つの阻害剤であるTregおよびTGF-βの局所的な蓄積を伴うので、これらの2つの内因性因子のうちのいずれがAM麻痺を引き起こすのかに取り組んだ。FoxP3+細胞においてジフテリア毒素受容体(DTR)を発現するトランスジェニックマウス(DEREGマウス)を感染させると、Treg細胞が枯渇し得る(図10c)。一次肺炎の解消中(一次感染の4~7日後)にTregを排除しても、二次肺炎中にE.coliまたはS.aureusを貪食するAMの能力は回復しなかった(図4a)。TGF-βの潜在的役割を評価するために、第1の骨髄がWTであり、第2の骨髄が、TGF-βRII欠損AMを産生するTGFβR-IIfl/flCD11ccreである、3:1の比の2つの骨髄でレシピエントWTマウスを再構成した、混合骨髄キメラを生成した(図4b)。E.coli感染の7日後、TGF-βR欠損骨髄(CD45.2+細胞)に由来するAMの割合は、非感染キメラよりも顕著に低く(図4c)、TGF-βが、感染後のAMの再生を促進することを示している。しかしながら、これらのTGFβR欠損AMは、感染治癒したキメラでは貪食が不十分であった(図4d)。これらの実験は、TregまたはTGF-β、およびおそらく他のメディエーターの冗長な役割を破棄しないが、AM麻痺の誘発において、これらのメディエーターを個々に標的とすることによるAM麻痺の予防は効果的ではないことを例示している。
AM麻痺を支える機能的変化への洞察を得るために、表現型マーカーおよび免疫調節因子の発現を肺炎の前後で比較した。麻痺したAMは、この細胞型の特徴的な表面マーカー(F4/80、CD11c、CD11b、Ly6G、CD64、FcεR1α)を発現したが、発現レベルに顕著な変化を伴った(図5aおよび図11a)。炎症性M1(CD38)と抗炎症性M2(Egr2)マクロファージを区別するマーカーに変化は観察されず(図11b)、麻痺が長期の炎症応答から生じていないことを示唆している。
(Hussell,T.&Bell,T.J.2014[41]、Barclay,A.N.2009[42]、Li,L.X.,et al.(2012)[43])。貪食で観察された欠陥が特定の現象であるのか、または訓練/寛容性リプログラミングの特色であるのかが、疑問であった。感染治癒したマウスからのAMでは、乳酸塩の産生が増加したが、TNF-αの産生は減少しなかった(図5b~c)。これらの結果は、訓練された自然免疫が貪食能力の欠陥に関連し得ることを実証した。
麻痺したAMで差次的に発現する遺伝子のうち、いくつかのコードされた受容体またはチロシンキナーゼが貪食の調節に関与した。これらの変化のうちのいくつかをフローサイトメトリーによって検証し、特に、E.coliまたはIAVに感染治癒したマウスからのAMにおいて、貪食などのチロシンキナーゼ結合シグナル伝達プロセスの調節因子であるSIRP-αの発現が全体的に高いことが見出され(図6a~bおよび図11d~e)、この誘発が特定の病原体による感染に特異的ではなかったことを実証している。
α発現の詳細な分析は、初期の増加に続くその低減を示し(図6d)、麻痺プログラムの開始および維持の異なる機序を実証している。
麻痺プログラムの発展にSIRP-αが必要かどうかを試験するために、野生型マウス(CD45.1pos)から収集した気管内機能的AMを、感染治療したSIRP-α欠損レシピエント(CD45.1neg)に接種した。野生型の感染治癒したマウスに移入した正常なAMは麻痺したが(図3d)、SIRP-αが欠損した感染治癒したマウスに移入したAMは麻痺しなかった(図6e)。この結果は、局所抑制微小環境がSIRP-α欠損マウスでは発展しないことを実証している。SIRP-α欠損マウス(CD45.1neg)から収集した機能的AMを、感染治癒した野生型レシピエント(CD45.1pos)に気管内接種した。SIRP-α欠損AMは、移入の7日後に麻痺した(図6f)。これらの実験は、SIRP-αが新たに形成されたAMの貪食を継続的に阻害しないが、AMによる貪食の局所学習に関与する微小環境の長期的な変化を引き起こすことを実証した。
AMの訓練/寛容性プログラミングに対するSIRP-α欠損の影響を調査し、SIRP-α欠損におけるAMの代謝および細胞動態機能を測定した。WTマウスで観察されたものとは対照的に、感染治癒したSIRP-α欠損マウスからのAMの乳酸塩およびTNF-αの産生は、感染後変化しなかった(図6g~h)。RNAシーケンシングはまた、1.5超の絶対倍数変化で、SIRP-α欠損AMと比較して、訓練されたWT AMでは59個の遺伝子が差次的に発現した(SIRPαKOでは57個がアップレギュレーションされ、4個がダウンレギュレーションされた)を示した(図6i)。興味深いことに、免疫細胞における遺伝子発現を調節する長い非コードRNAであるXist37、およびウイルス性肺炎中のケモカイン応答を調節するメチルトランスフェラーゼであるSetdb2(図12)は、WTと比較してSIRP-α欠損細胞で最もアップレギュレーションされ、感染後のAMのエピゲネティック的調節におけるSIRP-αの役割を示唆している。最後に、アップレギュレーションされたSIRP-α遺伝子のGO分析は、ケモカイン媒介性シグナル伝達経路の生物学的プロセス、および異常な炎症応答ならびに自己免疫応答に関連するケモカイン活性を含む(図6j)。
上の結果は、急性炎症が、ヒト単球およびマウスマクロファージに長期にわたる貪食欠陥を引き起こすことを実証している(図1および2)。
麻痺したヒト貪食細胞による細胞外細菌の貪食を回復するための療法的戦略としてのSIRP-α阻害を試験した。重病患者からの末梢血単核細胞は、遮断抗SIRP-α抗体の存在下で、インビトロでより多くのE.coli-YFPを貪食した(図7f)。これは、麻痺した単球がSIRP-αの低減した発現を示したが、この受容体は感染に対する最初の炎症応答中機能的なままであったことを実証している。
上に実証したように、発明者らは、以下を明確に実証している:
(i)AMは、細胞外細菌肺炎後の局所前駆体から再生されること、
(ii)発展中のAMにおける貪食能力の獲得は、局所組織由来のシグナルによって局所的に調節されること、
(iii)ひいては、そのようなシグナルは、病原体または細胞ストレスに対する以前の炎症応答によって調節され、SIRP-αは、これらの変化において主な役割を果たすこと、および
(iv)SIRP-α抗体の遮断は、病院で獲得される感染の宿主標的治療の療法的標的を代表し得ること。肺炎または急性炎症からの回復後の、マウスおよびヒト貪食細胞における、記載の細菌取り込みの数ヶ月にわたる欠陥は、罹患した臓器の麻痺プログラムの維持の結果として説明することができる。そのようなプログラムは、貪食の調節受容体の発現の変化を含む。例えばmAbを用いるそのような分子の阻害剤は、貪食機能を回復させ、これらの分子は、二次肺炎に対する感受性の診断マーカーである。
を患う患者におけるこの麻痺プログラムは、主にDAMPによって引き起こされるか、または敗血症誘発性炎症を患う患者においてはPAMPによって引き起こされる。二次肺炎のマウスモデルにおけるSIRP-αの役割を、2つの異なる病状を患うヒトに外挿することにより、ほとんどすべての炎症状態へのこれらの結果の潜在的な外挿をさらに増加させ、それがマクロファージの訓練/寛容原性リプログラミングのための主なノードであり得ることを示唆している。
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Claims (31)
- 二次感染の予防および/または治療に使用するための、表面タンパク質D(SP-D)の阻害剤。
- 二次感染の予防および/または治療に医薬品として使用するための、表面タンパク質D(SP-D)の阻害剤。
- 前記二次感染が、肺炎、胸膜感染、尿路感染、腹膜感染、腹腔内膿瘍、髄膜炎、縦隔感染、および軟組織または皮膚感染を含む群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の表面タンパク質(SP-D)の阻害剤の、使用。
- 前記表面タンパク質(SP-D)の阻害剤が、抗SP-D抗体、抗SP-D抗体断片、組換え抗SP-D抗体、結合ペプチド、siRNAから選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記阻害剤が、0.1~100μgのレベルで使用される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記阻害剤が、単回注射、または最大28日間の反復注射で投与される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 二次感染の予防および/または治療に使用するための表面タンパク質(SP-D)の阻害剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記阻害剤が、投与当たり0.1マイクロg/kg~1000マイクロg/kgのレベルにある、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 対象の二次疾患に対する感受性を決定するためのエクスビボ方法であって、
a.前記対象の生物学的試料中の表面タンパク質D(SP-D)の濃度(Cs1)および/または発現レベル(Ls1)を決定すること、
b.測定された濃度Cs1および/または発現Ls1の、対応する参照値Csrefおよび/またはLsrefとの比較を含む、方法。 - 前記生物学的試料が、気管液、気管支肺胞洗浄液、および/または胸膜液の試料からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記SP-Dの濃度が、ELISAまたはRIA法で決定される、請求項10または11に記載の検出方法。
- 前記参照値Csrefが、1pg/mL~1000mg/mLである、請求項10~12のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記参照値Lsrefが、1pg/mL~1000mg/mLである、請求項10~12のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 二次感染のバイオマーカーとしての、表面タンパク質D(SP-D)の使用。
- 二次感染の予防および/または治療に使用するための、SP-D/SIRPα相互作用の阻害剤。
- 二次感染の予防および/または治療に医薬品として使用するための、SP-D/SIRPα相互作用の阻害剤。
- 前記二次感染が、肺炎、胸膜感染、尿路感染、腹膜感染、腹腔内膿瘍、髄膜炎、縦隔感染、および軟組織または皮膚感染を含む群から選択される、請求項15または16に記載のSP-D/SIRPα相互作用の阻害剤、の使用。
- 前記SP-D/SIRPα相互作用の阻害剤が、組換え抗SFTPD抗体である、請求項15~17のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記阻害剤が、0.1~100μgのレベルで使用される、請求項15~18のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記阻害剤が、単回注射、または最大90日間の反復注射で投与される、請求項15~19のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 二次感染の予防および/または治療に使用するための、SHP-2の阻害剤。
- 二次感染の予防および/または治療に医薬品として使用するための、SHP-2の阻害剤。
- 前記二次感染が、肺炎、胸膜感染、尿路感染、腹膜感染、腹腔内膿瘍、髄膜炎、縦隔感染、および軟組織または皮膚感染を含む群から選択される、請求項21または22に記載のSHP-2の阻害剤の、使用。
- 前記SHP-2の阻害剤が、結合ペプチド、siRNA、アンチセンスオリゴ、リガンドトラップ、小分子、抗体を含む群から選択される、請求項21~23のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記阻害剤が、約0.01~2000mg、好ましくは約0.01~1000mgの用量で使用される、請求項21~24のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記阻害剤が、単回注射、または最大90日間の反復注射で投与される、請求項21~25のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 対象の二次疾患に対する感受性を決定するためのエクスビボ方法であって、
a.前記対象の生物学的試料中のSIRPαの濃度(Ca1)および/または発現レベル(La1)を決定すること、
b.測定された濃度Ca1および/または発現La1の、対応する参照値Carefおよび/またはLarefとの比較を含む、方法。 - 前記生物学的試料が、気管液、気管支肺胞洗浄液、胸膜液、および/または循環白血球の試料からなる群から選択される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記参照値Carefが、1pg/mL~100mg/mLである、請求項27または28に記載の方法。
- 前記参照値Larefが、ハウスキーピング遺伝子の比率で0~100(PCR)、または10~80%の陽性細胞(フローサイトメトリー)である、請求項27~29のいず
れか一項に記載の方法。 - 二次感染のバイオマーカーとしての、表面SIRPαの使用。
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EP19305836.9A EP3756688A1 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2019-06-25 | Inhibitor of surface protein (sp-d) / sirpa / shp2 pathway for use in the prevention and/or treatment of secondary infection |
EP19305836.9 | 2019-06-25 | ||
PCT/EP2020/067498 WO2020260281A1 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2020-06-23 | Inhibitor of surface protein (sp-d) / sirpa / shp2 pathway for use in the prevention and/or treatment of secondary infection |
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US (1) | US20220227849A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP3756688A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2022538271A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2020304796B2 (ja) |
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ES2794700T3 (es) | 2013-02-05 | 2020-11-18 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | Terapias dirigidas a CD47 para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas |
GB201402909D0 (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-04-02 | Univ Southampton | Treating infection |
PE20181921A1 (es) | 2016-04-14 | 2018-12-11 | Ose Immunotherapeutics | NUEVOS ANTICUERPOS ANTI-SIRPa Y SUS APLICACIONES TERAPEUTICAS |
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