JP2022536975A - TGF-β受容体及び使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2019年6月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/865,063号、及び2019年12月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/951,217号の優先権を主張し、これらは両方とも参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願に関連する配列表は、紙のコピーの代わりにテキスト形式で提供され、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。配列表を含むテキストファイルの名称は、「K1075_ST25」である。テキストファイルは109KBであり、2020年6月17日に作成され、本明細書の提出と同時にEFS-Webを介して電子的に提出されている。
本開示は、TGF-βシグナル伝達に関与する操作された受容体に関する。本開示はまた、TGF-βシグナル伝達を調節するための操作されたTGF-β受容体、並びにTGF-βシグナル伝達、サイトカインシグナル伝達を調節する方法及びがんを治療する方法に関する。
形質転換成長因子β(TGF-β)は、エフェクターT細胞の機能及び増殖の両方を制限する多くの細胞型によって分泌される多面的免疫抑制分子である。臨床及び前臨床データは、腫瘍細胞、間質細胞、及び制御性T細胞を含む抑制性免疫サブセットがTGF-βを分泌することを示唆しており、多くのグループが、TGF-βが腫瘍微小環境(tumor microenvironment、TME)におけるエフェクターT細胞機能及び増殖を阻害すると報告している(Thomas et al.,Cancer Cell,8(5):369-380(2005)、Yang et al.,Trends in Immunology,31(6)(2010)、及びPickup et al.,Nat Rev Cancer,13(11),788-799(2013))。
別段に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての技術用語及び科学用語は、当業者によって一般的に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。競合する場合、定義を含む本文書が優先される。方法及び材料を以下に記載するが、本明細書に記載されるものと同様又は同等の方法及び材料を、本開示の実施又は試験に使用することができる。本明細書で言及されるすべての刊行物、特許出願、特許、及び他の参考文献は、参照によりそれらの全体が組み込まれる。本明細書に開示される材料、方法、及び実施例は、単なる例示であり、限定することを意図するものではない。
他の実施形態では、膜貫通ドメインは、本明細書に記載の様々な膜貫通ドメインのうちのいずれかを含む、異種膜貫通ドメインである。DN TGF-βRIの膜貫通ドメインは、概して、膜の少なくとも一部にまたがり、DN TGF-βRIを細胞膜に固定するのを助け、DN TGF-βRI構築物の二量体化を促進する疎水性アルファヘリックスを含む。DN TGF-βRIの膜貫通ドメインは、TGF-β結合後、細胞内シグナルが、DN TGF-βRIを介して細胞内で伝達されないように設計することができる。非限定的な例として、DN TGF-βRIの膜貫通ドメインは、本明細書に開示される他の膜貫通ドメインを含む膜貫通ドメインを有する、免疫細胞又はその前駆細胞で発現される任意の別のポリペプチドに由来し得る。別の実施形態では、膜貫通ドメインは、T細胞において天然に発現されるか、又は天然に発現されないポリペプチドに由来し得る。ポリペプチドの膜貫通ドメインを含むポリペプチドの部分は、必要に応じて、ポリペプチドからの追加の配列、例えば、膜貫通ドメインのN末端又はC末端に隣接する追加の配列、又はポリペプチドの他の領域を含み得ることが理解される。一実施形態では、DN TGF-βRIは、非限定的な例として、TGF-βRI、TGF-βRII、PDGFR、CD4、CD8、CD28、CD127、CD132、CD3ζ、4-IBB、OX40、ICOS、CTLA-4、PD-1、LAG-3、2B4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-7Rα、BTLA、又はそれらの変異体に由来する膜貫通ドメインを有し得る。本明細書に記載の一実施形態では、DN TGF-βRIは、配列番号5のアミノ酸配列に対して、少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する細胞外リガンド結合ドメイン及び膜貫通ドメインを含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、DN TGF-βRIは、TGF-βRIの細胞外リガンド結合ドメイン、TGF-βRIの膜貫通ドメイン、及び配列番号6の細胞内結合ドメインを含み、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する。
リガンドが結合すると、野生型TGF-βRIIの細胞内ドメインは、野生型TGF-βRIの細胞内ドメインとの相互作用、及び野生型TGF-βRIの細胞内ドメインのアミノ酸185~204の間に位置する4つの重要なスレオニン部位のリン酸化を担い、pSMADシグナル伝達を開始する。したがって、いかなる理論によっても拘束されることなく、本明細書に記載されるように、切断されたDN TGF-βRIは、TGF-βRIIと相互作用することができず、したがってpSMADシグナル伝達を抑制すると考えられる。
他の実施形態では、膜貫通ドメインは、本明細書に記載の様々な膜貫通ドメインのうちのいずれかを含む、異種膜貫通ドメインである。DN TGF-βRIIの膜貫通ドメインは、概して、膜の少なくとも一部にまたがり、DN TGF-βRIIを膜に固定するのを助け、DN TGF-βRII構築物の二量体化を促進する疎水性アルファヘリックスを含む。DN TGF-βRIIの膜貫通ドメインは、TGF-β結合後、細胞内でDN TGF-βRIIを介して細胞内シグナルがTGF-βRI又はDN TGF-βRIに伝達されないように設計され得る。本明細書に記載の一実施形態では、DN TGF-βRIIは、配列番号17のアミノ酸配列に示されるように、野生型TGF-βRIIに対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する細胞外リガンド結合ドメインと及び膜貫通ドメインを含む。
本明細書に記載の別の実施形態では、DN TGF-βRIIは、野生型TGF-βRIIに対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する細胞外リガンド結合ドメイン、リンカー配列、及び配列番号18に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する膜貫通ドメインを含み、配列番号19のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する。
本明細書に記載の別の実施形態では、DN TGF-βRIIは、野生型TGF-βRIIに対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する細胞外リガンド結合ドメイン、リンカー配列、及び配列番号20に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する膜貫通ドメインを含み、配列番号21のアミノ酸配列に示されるものに対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有する。
別の実施形態では、シグナル配列は、配列番号26又はその一部に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)のアミノ酸配列を含むコロニー刺激因子2受容体アルファサブユニット(Colony Stimulating Factor 2 Receptor Alpha subunit、CSF2Rα)から誘導される。
本明細書に記載のシグナル配列はまた、任意選択的に、V5-タグ、mycタグ、HAタグ、スポットタグ、NEタグを含むがこれらに限定されない任意の好適なタンパク質タグとともに使用され得る。本明細書に記載の一実施形態では、シグナル配列及びタグは、配列番号27に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性(少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、又は100%の同一性など、例えば、85~90%、85~95%、85~100%、90~95%、90~100%、又は95~100%)を有するアミノ酸配列を含む。
操作された、ドミナントネガティブTGF-β受容体タイプ1(DN TGF-βRI)構築物を、配列番号10の配列に従って設計及び合成した。この構築物は、長さが152アミノ酸であり、野生型TGF-βRIのアミノ酸1~33のシグナルペプチドドメイン、野生型TGF-βRIのアミノ酸34~126の細胞外ドメイン、野生型TGF-βRIのアミノ酸127~147の膜貫通ドメイン、及びTGFβ-RIIのアミノ酸148~152の細胞内ドメインを含む。構築物は、細胞内pSMADシグナル伝達のための重要なリン酸化部位を除くように設計されている。細胞内ドメインは、TGFβ-RIIに特異的に由来し、5つのアミノ酸を含む。
a.CD19:(FMC63 scFv+CD28細胞内ドメイン+CD3ζ細胞内ドメイン)
b.PSMA:(PSMA scFv+4-1BB細胞内ドメイン+CD3ζ細胞内ドメイン)。
CD19 CAR陽性T細胞を、マイトマイシン(Sigma Aldrich)で共培養し、American Type Culture Company(ATCC、Manassas、VA)からのNalm6標的細胞を1:1の比率で7日間処理した。ビーズのカウント及びフローサイトメトリーによって測定されたCAR+T細胞の数に基づいて1:1の比率で、1日おきに標的細胞を添加した。TGFβ1処理群の場合、酸活性化TGFβ1(5ng/mL)を1日おきに共培養培地(RPMI+10%FBS)に添加した。
CAR陽性T細胞は、前立腺特異的膜抗原(PSMA)を発現するように操作されたAmerican Type Culture Company(ATCC、Manassas、VA)から入手したK562標的細胞と共培養した。96時間共培養し、細胞を遠心沈殿させ、上清を収集した。上清を、LUMINEX(登録商標)マルチプレックスアッセイでインターフェロンγ(IFNγ)について分析し、及びLUMINEX(登録商標)システムで分析した(ThermoFisher Scientific)。いくつかのグループでは、試験開始時に、培養培地に酸活性化TGF-β1を、5ng/mLで添加した。
更なる試験は、配列番号10のDN TGF-βRI及び配列番号14のDN TGF-βRIIを使用してそれぞれ以下に示されるCAR構築物を使用して実施した:
a.GPC3:(GPC3 scFV+CD28細胞内ドメイン+CD3ζ細胞内ドメイン)、かつ
b.GPC3:配列番号45の(GPC3 scFV+4-1BB細胞内ドメイン+CD3ζ細胞内ドメイン)。前の試験と同様に、CD3+細胞を初代ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)から単離し、上記のGPC3構築物で形質導入した。すべての操作されたT細胞におけるpSMAD2及びpSMAD3レベルのバックグラウンドレベルを表7に示す。GPC3 CARのみを発現するTGF-βで刺激されたT細胞は、pSMAD2及びpSMAD3をそれぞれ10,000倍及び700倍誘導したが、一方、GPC3 CAR+DN TGF-βRIIで形質導入されたTGF-β1刺激でされた細胞(配列番号47に示す)では、pSMAD2及びpSMAD3誘導が有意に低かった(pSMAD2の誘導がおよそ20倍少ない及びpSMAD3の誘導が4倍少ない、p-値<0.01)。GPC3 CAR+DN TGF-βRIは、pSMAD2及びpSMAD3誘導を制限した(4-1BB共刺激によるpSMAD2の誘導はおよそ3倍少ない、及び4-1BB共刺激によるpSMAD3の誘導は1.3倍少ない)。結果を表7に記載する。
上記実験に加えて、本明細書に記載のCD19、PSMA、及びGPC3構築物におけるDN TGF-βRI及びDN TGF-βRIIの活性は、インビボ動物モデルで評価される。この研究は、本明細書に記載されるように、pSMAD減少、CAR細胞増殖、及びサイトカイン産生における受容体を評価する。
配列番号33の配列に従って、操作されたドミナントネガティブTGF-β受容体タイプ2(DN TGF-βRII)構築物を作製した。この構築物は、394アミノ酸長であり、アミノ酸1~22のシグナルペプチドドメイン、アミノ酸23~32のタグ配列、野生型TGF-βRIIのアミノ酸33~169の細胞外ドメイン、アミノ酸170~171のリンカー配列、「CPT」挿入を有する配列番号20のアミノ酸172~194のIL-7Rαの膜貫通ドメイン、及びIL-7Rαのアミノ酸195~394の細胞内ドメイン。
配列番号51(CAR1)のCAR構築物を標的とするGPC3のコドン最適化配列をCAR構築物を標的とする2つの追加のGPC3と比較した。試験は、以下に示すようにCAR構築物を生成することによって行われた。
a.構築物CAR 1:(GPC3 scFv+4-1BB細胞内ドメイン+CD3ζ細胞内ドメイン)配列番号51のコドン最適化配列に示されている。
c.構築物CAR 3:(CAR 2と同じアミノ酸配列を有するが、ヌクレオチド配列が、スプライシング及びリピートを最小限に抑えるように最適化されている導入遺伝子を有する構築物)、配列番号54に示されるもの。
前述のように製造、凍結、休止、及び染色されたCAR+T細胞(5×104)を、HCC標的細胞(5×104)と48時間共培養し、サイトカイン放出を誘導し、上清を-80℃で凍結した。インターフェロンガンマ(IFNγ)濃度を、PBSで上清を500倍に希釈した後、Millipore MILLIPLEX(登録商標)Map Human High SensitivityT細胞パネル(カタログ番号HSTCMAG-28PMX13BK)を使用して測定した。表11のデータは、GPC3-細胞株Hep3B GPC3 KO及びSk-Hep1の存在下で、構築物CAR1が構築物CAR2及びCAR3よりも少ないIFNγを分泌することを示す。このデータは、CAR 1構築物がCAR 2及びCAR 3構築物よりも低い強壮性活性化を誘発することを示唆している。
構築物CAR 1、CAR 2、及びCAR 3で形質導入されたT細胞、又は非形質導入のもの(UT)を上記のように製造し、NSGマウスのHep3B異種移植モデルにおいて、インビボで試験した。2×106のHep3B 2.1-7細胞の細胞を、実験の初日にNSGマウスに移植した。その後3~4日ごとに、キャリパーを使用して腫瘍体積を測定した。14日目に、腫瘍が平均サイズ149mm3に達したとき動物を群に分け、静脈内注射を介してPBSビヒクル、非形質導入T細胞、6×106CAR+細胞又は2×106CAR+細胞のいずれかで構築物CAR 1、CAR 2、又はCAR 3によって作製されたGPC3 CAR T細胞、のいずれかで処理した。研究全体の腫瘍体積を以下の表12~19に記載する。腫瘍増殖の制御によって証明されるように、構築物CAR 1で作製されたCAR T細胞は、6×106及び2×106の用量で構築物CAR 2及びCAR 3よりもより強力であった。
GPC3 CAR-DN TGF-βRII構築物を配列番号47に示すように作製し、Hep3B腫瘍細胞で試験した。2×106Hep3B 2.1-7細胞を、実験の初日にNOD-SCID IL-2Rガンマヌル(NSG)マウスに移植した。その後3~4日ごとに、キャリパーを使用して腫瘍体積を測定した。14日目に、腫瘍が平均サイズ150mm3に達したとき動物を群に分け、PBSビヒクル、非形質導入T細胞、GPC3 CAR T細胞又はGPC3 CAR+DN TGF-βRII T細胞のいずれかで、4×106 CAR+細胞又は1×106CAR+細胞のいずれかで、静脈内注射を介して処理した。2000mm3の腫瘍体積の研究エンドポイントを超える動物は試験から除外した。研究全体の腫瘍体積を以下の表20~25に記載する。DN TGF-βRIIの追加により、GPC3 scFvの効力が改善され、1×106CAR+細胞用量以上での腫瘍抑制が改善された。
実施例10の構築物を使用して、すべてのコホートが無傷であった最終日(33日目)で、抗腫瘍効果の有意性を、テューキーの多重比較検定を用いた一元配置分散分析によって評価した、これは表26に含まれる。長期有効性及び腫瘍増殖遅延を、初期体積を4倍に設定された腫瘍体積エンドポイントへの生存に向けた進行によって決定され(図1、表27)、統計的有意性をログランク(マンテル-コックス)検定によって決定した(表28)。
表10~15の33日目の腫瘍体積データを、すべての群間のテューキーの事後検定による分散分析を使用して、すべての群にわたって統計的有意性について評価した。比較間の有意性(p<0.05)は、「あり」で示し、nsは有意でない比較を示す。
初期体積の4倍に設定された腫瘍エンドポイントまでの統計生存率は、各動物とそれが発生する研究日によって表される。長期有効性は、このエンドポイントに到達しなかったことにより定義されNR(未到達)によって示される。
表16からの生存データを、ログランク(マンテル-コックス)ペアワイズ比較を使用して統計的有意性について評価した。比較間の有意性(p<0.05)は、「あり」で示し、nsは有意でない比較を示す。
コドン最適化配列から生成されたCAR-DN TGF-βRII構築物と非コドン最適化配列から生成された同様の構築物と比較するために更なる実験を行った。以下のCAR-DN TGF-βRII構築物が生成された:
a.構築物CAR DNR A:配列番号52に示す(GPC3 scFv+4-1BB細胞内ドメイン+CD3ζ細胞内ドメイン、T2A自己切断モチーフ、及びDN TGF-βRII)。
b.構築物CAR DNR B:配列番号55の(Li,Gastroenterology,2020及び国際公開第2019/094482(A1)号に記載されているGPC3 scFv+4-1BB細胞内ドメイン+CD3ζ細胞内ドメイン、T2A及びDN TGF-βRII)。
前述のように製造、凍結、休止、及び染色されたCAR+T細胞(5×104)を、HCC標的細胞(5×104)と48時間共培養し、サイトカイン放出を誘導し、上清を-80℃で凍結した。インターフェロンガンマ(IFNγ)濃度を、PBSで上清を500倍に希釈した後、Milliplex(登録商標)Map Human High SensitivityT細胞パネル(カタログ番号HSTCMAG-28PMX13BK)を使用して測定した。表30のデータは、GPC3-細胞株Hep3B GPC3 KO及びSk-Hep1の存在下で、構築物CAR DNR Aが構築物CAR DNR Bよりも少ないIFNγを分泌することを示す。このデータは、CAR DNR AがCAR DNR BよりもCARによって媒介される強壮性活性化がより低いことを示唆している。
Claims (20)
- TGF-β受容体からの細胞外ドメイン(ECD)及び膜貫通ドメイン(TMD)を含む組換えポリペプチドであって、前記組換えポリペプチドが、野生型TGF-β受容体に存在するシグナル伝達及びリン酸化を担うアミノ酸残基を欠いている、組換えポリペプチド。
- 前記ECDが、TGF-βRI又はTGF-βRIIから選択される、請求項1に記載の組換えポリペプチド。
- 前記TMDが、TGF-βRI、TGF-βRII、PDGFR、CD4、CD8、CD28、CD127、CD132、CD3ζ、4-IBB、OX40、ICOS、CTLA-4、PD-1、LAG-3、2B4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-7Rα、BTLA、又はこれらのいずれかの変異体から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の組換えポリペプチド。
- 野生型TGF-β受容体に存在するシグナル伝達及びリン酸化を担うアミノ酸残基を欠いている異種細胞内ドメイン(ICD)を更に含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組換えポリペプチド。
- 前記ECDが、配列番号15に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、前記TMDが、配列番号16に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組換えポリペプチド。
- 前記ICDが、配列番号6に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組換えポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドが、配列番号14に対して少なくとも75%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組換えポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドが、TGF-β1に結合する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の組換えポリペプチド。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドをコードする核酸を含む、発現ベクター。
- キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をコードする核酸配列を更に含む、請求項9に記載の発現ベクター。
- 前記CARが、CD19、CD20、PSMA、PCMA、CLL-1、又はGPC3を含む腫瘍抗原に結合する、請求項10に記載の発現ベクター。
- 請求項8又は9に記載の発現ベクターで形質導入された、T細胞。
- がんを治療する方法であって、それを必要とする対象に、治療有効量の請求項12に記載のT細胞を投与することを含む、方法。
- 配列番号51のヌクレオチド配列を含むキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をコードする、組換え核酸。
- 配列番号48のヌクレオチド配列を更に含む、請求項14に記載の組換え核酸。
- 配列番号47のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドをコードする、請求項15に記載の組換え核酸。
- 請求項16に記載のポリペプチドをコードする核酸を含む、発現ベクター。
- 前記CARが、GPC3を含む腫瘍抗原に結合する、請求項17に記載の発現ベクター。
- 請求項17又は18に記載の発現ベクターで形質導入された、T細胞。
- 肝がんを治療する方法であって、それを必要とする対象に、治療有効量の請求項19に記載のT細胞を投与することを含む、方法。
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