JP2022536580A - リチウムイオン電池のカソード生産のための分散剤としてのポリビニルピロリドン - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池のカソード生産のための分散剤としてのポリビニルピロリドン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022536580A JP2022536580A JP2021560843A JP2021560843A JP2022536580A JP 2022536580 A JP2022536580 A JP 2022536580A JP 2021560843 A JP2021560843 A JP 2021560843A JP 2021560843 A JP2021560843 A JP 2021560843A JP 2022536580 A JP2022536580 A JP 2022536580A
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- lithium
- solvent
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- cathode
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YPEWWOUWRRQBAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)CC(C)=O YPEWWOUWRRQBAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NTMXFHGYWJIAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)CC(C)=O NTMXFHGYWJIAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MBHINSULENHCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropanamide Chemical group CCC(=O)N(C)C MBHINSULENHCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015014 LiNiCoAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910013210 LiNiMnCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- -1 lithium cobaltate Chemical compound 0.000 description 9
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical group C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- GNWBLLYJQXKPIP-ZOGIJGBBSA-N (1s,3as,3bs,5ar,9ar,9bs,11as)-n,n-diethyl-6,9a,11a-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,5a,8,9,9b,10,11-dodecahydro-1h-indeno[5,4-f]quinoline-1-carboxamide Chemical compound CN([C@@H]1CC2)C(=O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H](C(=O)N(CC)CC)[C@@]2(C)CC1 GNWBLLYJQXKPIP-ZOGIJGBBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XCEFXFSJAOBEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-methylbutanamide Chemical compound CCC(C)(CC)C(N)=O XCEFXFSJAOBEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYUJQUXOKCNYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butoxy-n-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CCCCOCCC(=O)NC CYUJQUXOKCNYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- VXZDQWAMPQZQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylpentanamide Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C(=O)CCCC VXZDQWAMPQZQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAROAZKXMDRYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylpropanamide Chemical compound CCCCN(C(=O)CC)CCCC XAROAZKXMDRYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGPQQNWURZLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-3-methoxypropanamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)CCOC IGGPQQNWURZLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKOQQFDCCBKROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylpropanamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)CC YKOQQFDCCBKROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIJUZNJJLALGNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylbutanamide Chemical compound CCCC(=O)N(C)C VIJUZNJJLALGNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARCMPHHHUFVAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipropylpropanamide Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C(=O)CC ARCMPHHHUFVAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical class [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
米国特許実務の目的のため、任意の参照される特許、特許出願、または公開の内容は、特に定義の開示(本開示に具体的に提供されるあらゆる定義と矛盾しない程度に)および当該技術分野における一般的知識に関して、それらの全体が参照により組み込まれる(またはその同等の米国版が参照によりそのように組み込まれる)。
図1は、NMPが溶媒として使用されるリチウムイオン電池のための従来の製造プロセスのフロー図を示す。NMPは、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)のようなバインダーポリマーを溶解する溶媒として使用され、次に、活物質、導電剤、分散剤、および他の添加剤のスラリーを形成するために使用される。導電剤には、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、ナノグラファイト、およびまたはフラーレンが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。活物質には、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト酸化物(LiNiMnCoO2またはNMC)、リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸化物(LiNiCoAlO2)、およびチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。次に、スラリーをホイル、典型的にはカソードにはアルミニウム、アノードには銅上にコーティングし、次に、コーティングされたホイルを乾燥させる。
本開示の実施形態の実施において、任意のナノサイズ導電剤を使用することができる。典型的には、導電剤は、ナノサイズのカーボンブラック、例えば、アセチレンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノファイバー、グラフェン、ナノグラファイト、などである。いくつかの実施形態では、ナノサイズ導電剤は、1.2ミクロン以下の平均粒子サイズを有する。ナノサイズ導電剤は、いくつかの実施形態では、1.0ミクロン以下の平均粒子サイズを有する。TIMCAL(商標)Graphite and Carbonより入手可能であるSUPER P導電性カーボンブラックは、本開示の実施形態の実施において使用可能である市販の導電剤の例である。SUPER P導電性カーボンブラックの平均粒子サイズは、約1マイクロメートルである。
本開示の実施形態の実施において使用される分散剤は、ポリビニルピロリドンであり、その構造は、上記のとおりである。
本開示の実施形態の実施において使用される溶媒は、図1に示すようなリチウムイオン電池の生産プロセスにおけるNMPの代替溶媒である。この溶媒は、式1の化合物のうちの1つ以上、および任意選択で、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、N,N-ジエチルアセトアセトアミド、γ-バレロラクトン、およびリン酸トリエチルのうちの1つ以上からなるか、または本質的にそれらからなる。一実施形態では、溶媒は、式1のうちの任意の化合物の1つのみからなる。一実施形態では、溶媒は、N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド(DMPA)からなる。溶媒が、式1からなる、または式1の2つ以上の化合物からなる、または式1の化合物と、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、N,N-ジエチルアセトアセトアミド、γ-バレロラクトン、およびリン酸トリエチルのうちの1つ以上とからなる実施形態では、混合物中の化合物のうちのいずれか1つの量は、混合物の重量の1~99、または10~90、または20~80、または30~70、または40~60重量パーセント(wt%)にわたり得る。一実施形態では、溶媒の混合物中の各溶媒は、混合物中の他の溶媒の各々の20、または15、または10、または5、または3、または1wt%以内の量で存在する。
溶媒は、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)(Sinopharma、99%)およびN,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミド(DMPA)(Xingxin、98%)である。すべての溶媒試料を4A脱水モレキュラーシーブ(Sigma-Aldrich製)で2日超えて処理して、水分を除去する。
この実施例では、分散剤をDMPA溶媒に溶解するための時間を測定する。指定された分散剤0.2グラムとDMPA19.8グラムをバイアルに添加し、次にこれをキャップで密封する。バイアルをSPEEDMIX(商標)DAC150.1 FVZ-kミキサー内に固定し、2000rpmで混合する。混合中、このミキサーを冷却のために2分ごとに停止し、すべての分散剤が溶解したかどうかを決定する。バイアル内のすべての分散剤が溶解した時間を記録する。異なる試料および結果を表1に示す。
この例では、2つの分散剤の分散性能を評価する。指定量の導電剤(Super P導電性カーボンブラック)をバイアルに秤量する。指定された分散剤が溶解した溶媒を添加する。バイアルをキャップで密閉し、SPEEDMIX(商標)DAC 150.1 FVZ-kミキサーで、3000rpmで3分間混合した後、さらに3分間繰り返す。混合後、導電剤分散液をスライドガラス上に滴下して、導電剤粒子が凝集または分散しているかどうかを観察する。LEICA DM2500M顕微鏡を使用して、溶液の外観を観察し、顕微鏡写真を撮る。図2は、異なる濃度の2つの分散剤中の導電剤の外観を示す。図2に示すように、分散剤としてエチルセルロースを使用する場合と比較して、分散剤としてPVPを使用した場合、導電剤はDMPAで分散が少し良い。
この実施例では、カソードスラリーの性能およびコーティング性能を評価する。以下の表2は、調製する異なるカソードスラリーの配合物を示す。各スラリー配合物を以下のように調製する。
Claims (10)
- リチウムイオン電池のカソードを作製するプロセスであって、前記プロセスが、活物質、ナノサイズ導電剤、バインダーポリマー、溶媒、および分散剤のスラリーを形成するステップを含み、
前記溶媒が、本質的に、式1の化合物のうちの1つ以上と、
任意選択で、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、N,N-ジエチルアセトアセトアミド、γ-バレロラクトン、リン酸トリエチルのうちの1つ以上と、からなり、
前記分散剤が、ポリビニルピロリドンを含む、プロセス。 - 前記溶媒が、式1の化合物からなる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記溶媒が、N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミドである、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記溶媒が、式1の化合物と、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、N,N-ジエチルアセトアセトアミド、γ-バレロラクトン、およびリン酸トリエチルのうちの少なくとも1つからなる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 式1の前記化合物が、N,N-ジメチルプロピオンアミドである、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ナノサイズ導電剤が、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、またはナノグラファイトである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記バインダーポリマーが、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記活物質が、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト酸化物(LiNiMnCoO2)、リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸化物(LiNiCoAlO2)、およびチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)のうちの1つ以上である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスによって作製されたカソード。
- 請求項9に記載の前記カソードを備えるリチウムイオン電池。
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