JP2022167855A - 有機金属化合物の製造方法およびその方法で得られた有機金属化合物を用いた薄膜 - Google Patents
有機金属化合物の製造方法およびその方法で得られた有機金属化合物を用いた薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N benzene-d6 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H] UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DPMZXMBOYHBELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound CN1CN(C)CN(C)C1 DPMZXMBOYHBELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQSUNBLELDRPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC1 IQSUNBLELDRPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWQKURVBJZAOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-ylcyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC1 MWQKURVBJZAOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000560 X-ray reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N deuterated acetone Substances [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LKLLNYWECKEQIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound C1NCNCN1 LKLLNYWECKEQIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100223811 Caenorhabditis elegans dsc-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQNHWXHRAUXLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;tungsten Chemical group [W].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] FQNHWXHRAUXLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 cyclopentadienyl compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metal carbonyl compounds
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/18—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metallo-organic compounds
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45553—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the use of precursors specially adapted for ALD
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
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- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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Abstract
Description
Mは、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)、バナジウム(V)、ニオブ(Nb)、およびタングステン(W)からなる群より選択されたいずれか1つであり、R5~R9は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1~4の線状または分枝状炭化水素である。
Mは、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)、バナジウム(V)、ニオブ(Nb)、およびタングステン(W)からなる群より選択されたいずれか1つである。
Mは、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)、バナジウム(V)、ニオブ(Nb)、およびタングステン(W)からなる群より選択されたいずれか1つである。
Mは、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)、バナジウム(V)、ニオブ(Nb)、およびタングステン(W)からなる群より選択されたいずれか1つであり、R5~R9は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1~4の線状または分枝状炭化水素である。
これは、前記気相蒸着前駆体の注入時間が4秒未満の場合、薄膜の蒸着率が飽和しないからである。
これは、前記反応ガスの注入時間が8秒未満の場合、薄膜の蒸着率が飽和しないからである。
タングステンヘキサカルボニル(tungsten hexacarbonyl)50g(0.14mol)を、500mLの2口フラスコ(2 neck flask)に定量した後、トルエン(toluene)200mLを添加した。次に、1,3,5-トリメチルヘキサヒドロ1,3,5-トリアジン(1,3,5-trimethylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine、Me3tach)39.82g(0.32mol)を前記溶液に入れた。その後、還流(reflux)で16時間撹拌して反応を完了した。
1H-NMR (400MHz, Acetone-D6):
δ 5.07 (d, 3H)
δ 4.93 (d, 3H)
δ 2.62 (s, 9H)
実施例1で合成されたW(CO)3(Me3tach)3 50g(0.13mol)を1Lの2口フラスコ(2 neck flask)に定量した後、トルエン(toluene)200mLとアセトニトリル(CH3CN)400mLを順に添加した。
1H-NMR (400MHz, Acetone-D6):
δ 2.45 (s, 3H)
実施例2で合成したW(CO)3(CH3CN)3を500mLの2口フラスコ(2 neck flask)に定量した後、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)200mLを添加した。次に、この溶液にエチルシクロペンタジエン(ethyl cyclopentadiene)およびイソプロピルシクロペンタジエン(isopropyl cyclopentadiene)をそれぞれ添加した。
1H-NMR (400MHz, C6D6):
δ 4.63 (m, 2H)
δ 4.46 (m, 2H)
δ 1.82 (q, 2H)
δ 0.72 (t, 3H)
δ -6.99 (s, 1H)
1H-NMR (400MHz, C6D6):
δ 4.59 (m, 2H)
δ 4.42 (m, 2H)
δ 2.02 (m, 1H)
δ 0.73 (d, 6H)
δ -7.05 (s, 1H)
また、HEtCpW(CO)3およびHi-PrCpW(CO)3の半減期[T1/2(℃)]はそれぞれ208℃、212℃と測定された。
原子層蒸着(ALD)装置を用いて、前記実施例3により製造されたHEtCpW(CO)3を薄膜に蒸着した。本実験に用いられた基板は、p++型Si上にdry oxidation SiO2が300nm蒸着されたウエハであった。蒸着に先立ち、前記ウエハはアセトン-エタノール-脱イオン水(DI water)にそれぞれ10分ずつ超音波処理(Ultra sonic)して洗浄した。
製造例において、蒸着温度250℃で、HEtCpW(CO)3の注入時間をそれぞれ2秒、3秒、4秒、8秒に調節した結果、図3の(a)に示すように、注入時間が4秒まで増えるにつれて蒸着率が迅速に高くなったが、4秒から8秒に注入時間が増えることによる蒸着率の変化はほとんど観察されなかった。すなわち、注入時間4秒後の蒸着率が飽和することが分かった。
製造例において、蒸着温度を100℃から400℃の間に調節した。蒸着温度を調節した結果、図4の(a)に示すように、350℃以下の蒸着温度で一定の蒸着率を確保可能であることを確認することができた。
製造されたタングステン金属薄膜をX線回折法(X-ray diffraction)で測定した結果、図5に示すように、タングステンのα相(phase)とβ相(phase)に相当するピークをすべて確認することができた。
図6に製造されたタングステン金属薄膜の密度をX線反射率測定法(X-ray reflectometry;XRR)で測定した結果とシミュレーション結果を示した。測定結果とシミュレーション結果とは一致しており、これより測定された薄膜の密度は15.03g/cm3であることを確認することができた。
タングステン薄膜の比抵抗値を4-point probe法で分析した結果、300μΩ・cm以下の比抵抗値を有することを確認することができた。
Claims (10)
- 基板上に、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造された有機金属化合物を含む気相蒸着前駆体を吸着させ、不活性気体で未反応の前記気相蒸着前駆体をパージングする第1ステップと、
反応ガスを注入して吸着された1つ以上の前記気相蒸着前駆体と反応させ、未反応の前記反応ガスをパージングする第2ステップと、を含み、
前記反応ガスは、プラズマによって活性化され、
前記第1ステップにおいて前記気相蒸着前駆体の注入時間は4秒以上であり、
前記第2ステップにおいて前記反応ガスの注入時間は8秒以上である、
薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記反応ガスは、酸化剤、還元剤、および窒化剤からなる群より選択されたいずれか1つ以上である、
請求項5に記載の薄膜の製造方法。 - 蒸着温度が350℃以下であり、
蒸着率は0.21Å/cycle以下である、
請求項5に記載の薄膜の製造方法。 - 密度が14g/cm3以上である、
タングステン金属薄膜。 - α相(phase)とβ相(phase)とを含む、
請求項8に記載のタングステン金属薄膜。 - 比抵抗値が300μΩ・cm以下である、
請求項8に記載のタングステン金属薄膜。
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