JP2022166401A - Mechanical crusher for production of toner and crushing process system producing toner - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a mechanical crusher for production of a toner which enables improvement of productivity of toner particles and reduction of diameters of the particles in a melt kneading crush method.SOLUTION: A mechanical crusher for production of a toner has: a stator 104 having multiple protruding parts and recessed parts on its inner peripheral surface; and a rotor 103 which is attached to a center rotary shaft 107 and has multiple protruding parts and recessed parts on its columnar outer peripheral surface. The stator encloses the rotor therein. The mechanical crusher causes objects to be crushed (crushed objects) to pass through a gap formed between a surface of the stator and a surface of the rotor to crush the crushed objects. The rotor has flat areas in which at least one or more surfaces are flat at the entire part as seen in a circumferential direction. At least one of the flat area has multiple protruding parts and recessed parts on both sides.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a mechanical pulverizer for producing toner and a pulverizing process system for producing toner used in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and toner jet.

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, electrophotographic full-color copiers have become widely used and have begun to be applied to the printing market. In the printing market, there is a growing demand for high speed, high image quality, and high productivity while supporting a wide range of media (paper types). In the toner, in addition to stabilizing the chargeability, developing property and transfer property, further reduction in particle size can achieve high image quality.
As a general method for producing toner particles, a melt-kneading pulverization method is known. Specifically, it is a method of melting and kneading toner constituent materials such as a binder resin, a coloring material, and a release agent, cooling and solidifying the kneaded material, and then pulverizing the kneaded material to obtain toner particles. The toner is produced by classifying the particles into a desired particle size distribution or adding a fluidizing agent or the like.
Various pulverizers are used as means for pulverizing the kneaded material. Patent Literature 1 discloses a collision-type airflow pulverizer that conveys a material to be pulverized by high-pressure gas, injects the material to be pulverized from the exit of an acceleration tube, causes the material to collide with a collision member, and pulverizes the material to be pulverized by the impact force. It is
Patent Document 2 describes a rotor supported by a central rotating shaft and having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on the outer peripheral surface in a casing having an inlet and outlet for pulverized material, and a rotor outside the rotor. a stator disposed with a predetermined gap from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor and having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on the inner peripheral surface thereof; Disclosed is a mechanical pulverizing device that pulverizes the pulverized material by colliding with projections or recesses of a rotor or stator when the pulverized material passes through a processing section in which a child and a stator face each other. .

JP 2006-051496 A JP 2011-237816 A

For example, in a pulverization process in which a coarsely pulverized product having a particle size of about 50 to 200 μm obtained by melt-kneading is finely pulverized to a particle size of 4 to 8 μm by a conventional mechanical pulverizer, the peripheral speed of the rotor of the mechanical pulverizer is increased, the collision energy between the rotor and stator and the material to be pulverized increases, and the toner particles can be pulverized more finely. Further, the toner particles can be finely pulverized by narrowing the gap between the rotor and the stator through which the material to be pulverized passes.
In the pulverization step in toner production, the operating conditions of the pulverizer may be arbitrarily determined according to the target particle size of the material to be pulverized. The particle size distribution of the obtained finely pulverized product is generally a normal distribution with the target particle size as the peak.
On the other hand, in the case of toner production, the weight average particle diameter (D4) of toner particles, the amount of fine powder with a particle diameter of about 2 to 3 μm, and the circularity of toner particles affect the quality of the output (image quality of the printed matter). is known to give In particular, it is known that an increase in the amount of fine powder below a desired particle size causes deterioration in image quality due to fogging, toner scattering, etc. during long-term copying.
Fine powder of about 2 to 3 μm can be adjusted by cutting in the process after the pulverization process, but when the amount of fine powder in the pulverization process increases, the amount of fine powder cut in the subsequent process inevitably increases, resulting in a decrease in yield. It may lead to decline.
In addition, when the target particle size is set to a finer particle side, the load on the pulverizer, such as operating the rotor at a higher speed, increases, and the stability of the material to be pulverized may decrease.
Furthermore, the present inventors paid attention to the circularity of the toner after the pulverization process, and faced the problem that the variation in the circularity of the toner increased under conditions where the load on the pulverizer was large. In addition, there is also the problem that as the load on the crusher increases, the collision energy generated inside the crusher accumulates in the material to be crushed, accelerating the temperature rise.
The rise in the temperature of the material to be pulverized is remarkable, for example, when the speed of the rotor is increased in order to pulverize the toner particles more finely, or when the input amount of toner material per unit time is increased in order to improve productivity. Become.
When the temperature of the toner in the pulverizer rises significantly, the surface of the toner is partially melted and the toners are bound together, which may result in an unstable particle size of the finely pulverized product. Furthermore, the toner may adhere to the inside of the pulverizer (this phenomenon is hereinafter referred to as fusion), which may hinder stable pulverization.
Such an unstable state in the pulverization process is also a problem in toner production in the melt-kneading pulverization method.
An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a mechanical pulverizer for toner production and a pulverization process system for producing toner, which achieves improved stability in the pulverization process of toner particles in the melt-kneading pulverization method.

As a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention have found that the above problem can be solved and the stability of the toner particles can be improved in the pulverization process.
That is, the present invention provides a stator having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on its inner peripheral surface,
a rotor attached to the central rotating shaft and having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on a cylindrical outer peripheral surface;
The stator encloses the rotor, and a mechanical pulverizer for producing toner in which the material to be pulverized is passed through a gap formed between the surface of the stator and the surface of the rotor to be pulverized,
The rotor has at least one flat region in which at least one surface is flat in the entire circumferential direction,
At least one of the flat areas relates to a mechanical pulverizer for producing toner, characterized in that it has a plurality of protrusions and recesses on both sides.
The present invention also provides a pulverization process system for manufacturing toner, comprising:
The system has a first pulverization step and a second pulverization step, produces a finely pulverized product in the first pulverization step, pulverizes the pulverized product in the second pulverization step,
The present invention relates to a pulverizing process system for producing toner, wherein one of the pulverizers used in the first pulverizing process or the second pulverizing process is a mechanical pulverizer for toner production having the above configuration.
Further, the present invention provides a pulverization process system for manufacturing toner, comprising:
The system has a first pulverization step and a second pulverization step, produces a finely pulverized product in the first pulverization step, pulverizes the pulverized product in the second pulverization step,
The pulverizer used in at least the second pulverization step relates to a pulverization process system for producing toner, characterized in that the mechanical pulverizer for toner production having the configuration described above is used.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a mechanical pulverizer for producing toner and a pulverization process system for producing toner, which can improve stability in the pulverization process of toner particles in the melt-kneading pulverization method.
Although the factors for obtaining the above effects are not clear, the following assumptions are made.
In general, pulverization is classified into volume pulverization and surface pulverization. In the pulverizer, volume pulverization and surface pulverization are carried out at the same time. presumed to obtain.
Since the surface pulverization is pulverized while scraping the surface, it is dominant as pulverization that determines the degree of circularity, and the circularity increases as the ratio of surface pulverization increases.
The inventors of the present invention focused on the increase in the surface pulverized component in the pulverization process and conducted intensive research on the above-mentioned problem that the variation in circularity increases depending on the pulverization conditions. As a result, by eliminating the plurality of protrusions and recesses (hereinafter also referred to as blades) of the rotor of the crusher and providing a flat part, the ratio of surface crushing in the process in the crusher is increased and the circularity It was possible to suppress the variation of
In addition, the present inventors have also found that the following effect of suppressing the generation of fine powder can be obtained as another effect.
The gist of the invention is to provide a flat in the middle of the rotor and then again to provide the rotor with blades. As a result, the object to be pulverized, which has been mainly subjected to volume pulverization at first, can then be subjected to only surface pulverization with weak energy in the flat region. It is speculated that by increasing the circularity of the material to be pulverized under low energy in the flat region and then pulverizing again in the blade region, the generation of fine powder is reduced compared to the conventional pulverization process. It is speculated that this is because the degree of circularity of the material to be pulverized temporarily increases in the middle of the pulverization process, thereby reducing the probability of generation of fine powder in the subsequent pulverization process.
By reducing the amount of fine powder generated in the pulverization process, the amount of fine powder to be cut in the subsequent process can be reduced, and the effect of improving the production amount per unit time can also be obtained.

1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical pulverizer used in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a rotor and a stator of a mechanical pulverizer used in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional mechanical pulverizer; FIG. It is a model diagram showing the pulverization process of the present invention. 1 is a model diagram of a pulverizer configuration of the present invention and an object to be pulverized during the process; FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a conventional pulverizer configuration and an object to be pulverized during a process; FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the rotor and stator of another mechanical pulverizer used in the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the rotor and stator of another mechanical pulverizer used in the embodiment of the present invention;

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the descriptions of "○○ or more and XX or less" and "○○ to XX", which represent numerical ranges, mean numerical ranges including the lower and upper limits that are endpoints.

(Outline of pulverization method)
First, an outline of a pulverization method using a mechanical pulverizer will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a general horizontal mechanical pulverizer, but a vertical pulverizer may also be used. A plurality of blades are provided on the surface of the outer peripheral surface rotating at high speed, which consists of a casing, a jacket in the casing through which cooling water can flow, and a cylindrical rotating body in the casing and attached to the central rotating shaft 107 . a rotor 103, a stator 104 provided with a plurality of blades on the surface of the inner peripheral surface arranged at regular intervals on the outer periphery of the rotor 103, and a raw material for introducing the raw material to be processed It is composed of an inlet 101 and a raw material outlet 106 for discharging powder after processing.

In the mechanical pulverizer configured as described above, when a predetermined amount of raw material powder is introduced from the metering feeder into the raw material inlet 101 of the mechanical pulverizer, the raw material passes through the front chamber 1021 in the mechanical pulverizer, It passes through the pulverizing section formed by the gap formed by the rotor 103 and the stator 104 , passes through the rear chamber 105 , and is discharged from the discharge port 106 communicating with the rear chamber 105 . The material to be pulverized is pulverized by the reciprocating motion and collision of the blades of the rotor rotating at high speed and the blades of the stator in the pulverizing section. The material to be pulverized and the toner particles after pulverization are discharged out of the apparatus system by being carried by an air current drawn by a suction blower (not shown).

Examples of such mechanical pulverizers include Inomizer (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron), Cryptorin (manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries), Super Rotor (manufactured by Nisshin Engineering), Turbo Mill (manufactured by Turbo Kogyo), and Tornado Mill (manufactured by Nikkiso). ) and the like. These can be used as they are or after being modified as appropriate.

(Mechanism for suppressing fine powder)
In the conventional mechanical pulverizer shown in FIG. 3, blades are formed over the entire surfaces of the stator and the rotor contained therein facing each other. On the other hand, in the present invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, there is no blade of the rotor in the middle of the passage direction of the material to be crushed, and the entire surface in the circumferential direction is a flat portion (103-2 in the figure). ).

Here, the fine powder suppression mechanism in the pulverization process according to the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail.

5 and 6 are diagrams schematically showing the configuration of the pulverizer and the shape change of the material to be pulverized.

FIG. 5 shows the configuration of a typical pulverizer of the present invention and the shape change of the material to be pulverized, and FIG. 6 shows the configuration of a conventional pulverizer and the shape change of the material to be pulverized.

The conventional pulverizer shown in FIG. 6 shows a generation model of fine powder when volume pulverization and surface pulverization are continuously performed.

In the pulverizer of one example of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, after the main process of volume pulverization, the surface pulverization of the flat part of the rotor is performed under low energy to improve the circularity of the material to be pulverized. Surface grinding is done.

By performing surface pulverization under low energy during pulverization, compared to conventional surface pulverization in the rotor area with blades, the amount of surface abrasion can be reduced and the circularity of the pulverized material can be increased. It is speculated that by increasing the degree in the middle, the probability of generation of fine powder in the subsequent pulverization process also decreases.

FIG. 4 is a model diagram showing the movement of the material to be crushed inside the crusher due to the difference in the shape of the rotor.

In the region where both the rotor and the stator have blades (FIG. 4A), the passing toner raw material is flung to the stator by the blades of the rotor, collides with the stator, and is pulverized. The pulverization at this time has a large proportion of volumetric pulverization, and the raw material of the toner is destroyed and becomes finer. After that, when the toner passes through the bladeless region of the rotor (FIG. 4(b)), the toner hardly collides with the stator and moves downstream while scraping the surface of the stator. It is speculated that no volumetric crushing takes place in this region, only surface crushing.

The gist of the present invention is to selectively generate surface pulverization in a region in the middle of the pulverization process, and as a result, to provide a mechanical pulverizer for manufacturing toner that suppresses the generation of fine powder.

The mechanical pulverizer of the present invention has a configuration in which a flat portion (flat area) is provided in the middle of the rotor.

In the flat part in the middle of the rotor, pulverization with high energy is not performed, but the same particle size can be obtained by increasing the rotation speed of the rotor as compared with the conventional pulverizer without the flat part.

In the mechanical pulverizer configured according to the present invention, by optimizing the distance between the flat portion of the rotor and the convex portion of the stator, the rotational speed of the rotor is increased in order to pulverize to the target particle size. The present inventors have experimentally confirmed that even in this case, the temperature rise in the machine can be suppressed as compared with the conventional mechanical crusher.

The mechanism by which the mechanical pulverizer of the present invention is superior to conventional pulverizers in suppressing the temperature rise inside the pulverizer is currently under investigation, but is presumed as follows.

In the step of pulverizing using a mechanical pulverizer, the toner raw material in the range of several hundred to several tens of micrometers, which is called medium pulverization, is pulverized into a fine pulverization range to an ultra-fine pulverization of several micrometers.

In the process of pulverizing toner raw materials in a mechanical pulverizer, volume pulverization is mainly performed in the upstream part of the machine where pulverization from medium to fine pulverization is performed, and the downstream area where pulverization from fine pulverization to ultra-fine pulverization is performed. It is speculated that in addition to volumetric crushing, surface crushing is also carried out at the same time.

The thermal energy generated in volumetric crushing is greater than that in surface crushing. In conventional crushers, the thermal energy generated upstream, where bulk crushing takes place, is primarily stored in the toner. Since volume pulverization and surface pulverization are continuously performed on the downstream side as well, it is considered that the temperature may exceed the threshold value that adversely affects the toner depending on the conditions.

Furthermore, it is speculated that the smaller the target particle size is, the more energy is applied to the toner than the threshold value of the energy required for surface pulverization, which accelerates the temperature rise.

On the other hand, in the case of the pulverizer of the present invention, a flat portion is provided in the middle of the rotor, and the volume pulverization of the material to be pulverized can be interrupted temporarily and switched to surface pulverization under low energy. It is presumed that this slows down the temperature rise of the toner, makes it difficult for unnecessary energy to be applied to the toner, and pulverizes the toner again with an appropriate amount of energy. As a result, it is assumed that pulverization is performed without exceeding a temperature threshold at which the flannel energy accumulated in the toner on the upstream side adversely affects the downstream region.

Further, by setting the distance between the flat region surface of the rotor and the stator projections to be wider than the distance between the rotor projections in the blade region and the stator projections, an effect of improving pulverization is obtained. It was confirmed that

It is speculated that, after passing through the flat part, the wind speed locally increases at the point where the blade enters the region again, and the collision speed to the stator increases, thereby improving the pulverization performance.

The flat portion of the rotor in the present invention may be any surface property that does not cause collision movement of the material to be crushed against the stator due to rotation. Rough finishing with a roughness (Ra) of about 25 μm is preferable, but the effect of the present invention can be obtained even on an unfinished surface.

In the present invention, the configuration of the uneven portion of the rotor is not particularly limited as long as the material to be pulverized can be efficiently pulverized. Also, the angles, intervals, shapes, etc. of the uneven portions do not necessarily have to be uniform, and the present invention is effective even if the configurations differ for each zone. The same applies to the configuration of the uneven portions of the stator.

Due to the above mechanism, when using the pulverizer of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the effect of suppressing the temperature rise in the machine compared to the conventional pulverizer, and it is possible to provide a pulverization process with excellent stability.

(Aspect of the flat portion of the rotor)
It is possible to obtain the action and effect shown in the model diagram of FIG. 4 described above and change the pulverization function inside the pulverizer, suppressing the generation of fine powder, suppressing the variation in circularity, and lowering the temperature of the material to be pulverized. However, in the present invention, it is more effective to widen the gap between the flat portion of the rotor and the stator with respect to the effect of lowering the temperature of the material to be pulverized.

In the present invention, the gap between the rotor flat portion surface and the stator convex portion is 1.2 times or more and 5.0 times or less (corresponding to D2/D1 in FIG. ) is preferred in the present invention.

If the gap ratio is less than 1.2 times, the effect of lowering the temperature of the material to be pulverized is small, and it may be difficult to obtain the effect. If the gap ratio is more than 5.0 times, the energy required for surface pulverization at the flat portion is too low, and it may be difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing circularity variation.

In the present invention, the area of the flat portion of the rotor preferably ranges from 1/8 to 1/2 of the axial length of the rotor (corresponding to L2/L in FIG. 2).

If the above range is smaller than 1/8, it may be difficult to obtain the effects of the present invention. If the above range is larger than 1/2, the rotor must be rotated at a higher speed in order to obtain the target particle size, which may limit the manufacturing conditions.

In the present invention, it is sufficient to have one or more flat regions, and at least one flat region has a plurality of protrusions and recesses on both sides, and the present invention is effective even if there are a plurality of flat regions. be.

7 and 8 are schematic diagrams showing the configuration of the pulverizer of the present invention in which the rotor has a plurality of (two) flat areas. When the flat portion is a plurality of areas, the value of the above-mentioned flat portion range is the total, and the value of the sum of L2 and L4 shown in the figure is an effective range in the present invention.

In the present invention, the starting point of the flat portion of the rotor is preferably in the range from 1/8 to 3/4 of the axial length of the rotor from the upstream end in the passage direction of the material to be pulverized.

If the starting point is less than 1/8, the process starts in a flat portion with insufficient volume pulverization, so the effect of the present invention may not be obtained sufficiently. If the starting point is 3/4 or more, the proportion of the transition from volume pulverization to surface pulverization progresses continuously, which may make it difficult to obtain the effects of the present invention.

In the present invention, it is effective to set the starting point to the starting point of the flat portion on the upstream side when there are multiple flat portions.

(Pulverization process system)
In the method of producing toner by the pulverization method, an intermediate pulverization step may be inserted between the coarse pulverization step to obtain a particle size of about 2 mm and the fine pulverization step to obtain a desired particle size. It may be a medium pulverization step or a fine pulverization step. Further, the pulverization process of the present invention may be pulverized by connecting two or more stages in series.

In the present invention, particularly in the step of pulverizing toner particles having a weight average particle size of the order of 4 μm, it is effective to connect the pulverizers having the structure of the present invention in series and pulverize in two stages. Further, when pulverization is performed in two stages, both the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step may be made using the pulverizer having the configuration of the present invention, or either one may be made the pulverizer having the configuration of the present invention.

(Toner manufacturing procedure)
Next, the procedure for manufacturing toner particles with the pulverizer of the present invention will be described.

First, in the raw material mixing step, predetermined amounts of at least a binder resin and a colorant are weighed and mixed as toner internal additives. If necessary, a release agent for suppressing the occurrence of hot offset during heat fixing of the toner, a dispersant for dispersing the release agent, a charge control agent, and the like may be mixed. Examples of mixing devices include a double-con mixer, a V-type mixer, a drum-type mixer, a super mixer, a Henschel mixer, a Nauta mixer, and the like.

Further, the toner materials blended and mixed as described above are melted and kneaded to melt the resins and disperse the colorant and the like therein. In the melt-kneading step, for example, a pressure kneader, a batch kneader such as a Banbury mixer, or a continuous kneader can be used. In recent years, single-screw or twin-screw extruders have become mainstream due to their advantages such as continuous production. , a twin-screw extruder manufactured by K.C.K. Further, the colored resin composition obtained by melt-kneading the toner raw material is rolled with two rolls or the like after melt-kneading, and is cooled through a cooling step of cooling by water cooling or the like.

The cooled colored resin composition obtained above is then pulverized to a desired particle size in a pulverization step. In the pulverization step, first, coarse pulverization is performed using a crusher, a hammer mill, a feather mill, or the like. Further, it is pulverized by the mechanical pulverizer and pulverizing process system according to the present invention. In the pulverization process, the toner is thus pulverized step by step to a predetermined toner particle size.

Next, the method for measuring the weight average particle diameter (D4), the fineness ratio (number % of 3 μm or less) and the circularity of the toner particles will be described.

<Method for Measuring Weight Average Particle Diameter (D4) of Toner Particles and Fine Particle Ratio>
The weight-average particle size (D4) of the toner particles was measured by a precision particle size distribution measuring device "Coulter Counter Multisizer 3" (registered trademark, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) using a pore electrical resistance method equipped with a 50 μm aperture tube, Using the attached dedicated software "Beckman Coulter Multisizer 3 Version 3.51" (manufactured by Beckman Coulter) for setting measurement conditions and analyzing measurement data, measure with 25,000 effective measurement channels. Analyze the data and calculate.

As the electrolytic aqueous solution used for measurement, a solution obtained by dissolving special grade sodium chloride in ion-exchanged water to a concentration of about 1% by mass, for example, "ISOTON II" (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) can be used.

Before performing measurement and analysis, the dedicated software is set as follows.

In the "change standard measurement method (SOM) screen" of the dedicated software, set the total count number in control mode to 50000 particles, set the number of measurements to 1, and set the Kd value to "standard particle 10.0 μm" (Beckman Coulter (manufactured by Co., Ltd.) is used to set the value obtained. By pressing the threshold/noise level measurement button, the threshold and noise level are automatically set. Also, set the current to 1600 μA, the gain to 2, the electrolyte to ISOTON II, and check the flash of aperture tube after measurement.

In the "pulse-to-particle size conversion setting screen" of the dedicated software, set the bin interval to logarithmic particle size, the particle size bin to 256 particle size bins, and the particle size range to 1 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

A specific measuring method is as follows.
(1) About 200 ml of the electrolytic aqueous solution is placed in a 250 ml round-bottom glass beaker exclusively for Multisizer 3, set on a sample stand, and stirred with a stirrer rod counterclockwise at 24 rotations/second. Then, use the analysis software's "flush aperture" function to remove dirt and air bubbles inside the aperture tube.
(2) About 30 ml of the electrolytic aqueous solution is placed in a 100 ml flat-bottomed glass beaker, and "Contaminon N" (a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and an organic builder consisting of an organic builder) is used as a dispersing agent in the beaker. About 0.3 ml of a diluent obtained by diluting a 10% by mass aqueous solution of a neutral detergent for washing ware (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with ion-exchanged water three times by mass is added.
(3) Two oscillators with an oscillation frequency of 50 kHz are built in with a phase shift of 180 degrees, and an ultrasonic disperser with an electrical output of 120 W "Ultrasonic Dispersion System Tetora 150" (manufactured by Nikkaki Bios) in a water tank. A predetermined amount of ion-exchanged water is put into the water tank, and about 2 ml of the contaminon N is added to the water tank.
(4) The beaker of (2) is set in the beaker fixing hole of the ultrasonic disperser, and the ultrasonic disperser is operated. Then, the height position of the beaker is adjusted so that the resonance state of the liquid level of the electrolytic aqueous solution in the beaker is maximized.
(5) While the electrolytic aqueous solution in the beaker in (4) above is being irradiated with ultrasonic waves, about 10 mg of toner is added little by little to the electrolytic aqueous solution and dispersed. Then, the ultrasonic dispersion treatment is continued for another 60 seconds. In the ultrasonic dispersion, the temperature of the water in the water tank is appropriately adjusted to 10°C or higher and 40°C or lower.
(6) Using a pipette, drop the electrolytic aqueous solution of (5) in which the toner is dispersed into the round-bottomed beaker of (1) set in the sample stand, and adjust the measured concentration to about 5%. . The measurement is continued until the number of measured particles reaches 50,000.
(7) Analyze the measurement data with the dedicated software attached to the apparatus, and calculate the weight average particle diameter (D4) and the fine powder rate (number % of 3 μm or less). The weight average particle diameter (D4) is the "average diameter" on the analysis/volume statistics (arithmetic mean) screen when graph/vol% is set using dedicated software.

<Method for Measuring Circularity of Toner Particles>
The circularity of toner particles is measured by a flow-type particle image analyzer “FPIA-3000” (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) under measurement and analysis conditions during calibration work.

A specific measuring method is as follows. First, about 20 ml of ion-exchanged water, from which solid impurities have been removed in advance, is placed in a glass container. As a dispersant, "Contaminon N" (a 10% by mass aqueous solution of a neutral detergent for cleaning precision measuring instruments at pH 7 consisting of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and an organic builder, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used as a dispersant. ) is diluted with ion-exchanged water to about 3 times the mass, and about 0.2 ml of the diluted solution is added. Further, about 0.02 g of a measurement sample is added, and dispersion treatment is performed for 2 minutes using an ultrasonic disperser to obtain a dispersion liquid for measurement. At that time, the temperature of the dispersion liquid is appropriately cooled to 10° C. or higher and 40° C. or lower. As the ultrasonic disperser, a tabletop ultrasonic cleaner disperser (“VS-150” (manufactured by Vervoclea)) with an oscillation frequency of 50 kHz and an electrical output of 150 W was used. Replaced water is put in, and about 2 ml of the contaminon N is added to this water tank.

For the measurement, the flow type particle image analyzer equipped with a standard objective lens (10x) was used, and the particle sheath "PSE-900A" (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) was used as the sheath liquid. The dispersion prepared according to the above procedure is introduced into the flow type particle image analyzer, and 3000 toner particles are counted in the HPF measurement mode and the total count mode. Then, the binarization threshold during particle analysis is set to 85%, the analysis particle diameter is limited to a circle equivalent diameter of 1.985 μm or more and less than 39.69 μm, and the circularity of the toner particles is obtained.

In the measurement, automatic focus adjustment is performed using standard latex particles (“RESEARCH AND TEST PARTICLES Latex Microsphere Suspensions 5200A” manufactured by Duke Scientific, diluted with deionized water) before starting the measurement. After that, it is preferable to perform focus adjustment every two hours from the start of measurement.

In the examples of the present application, a flow-type particle image analyzer that was calibrated by Sysmex and received a calibration certificate issued by Sysmex was used. The measurement was performed under the measurement and analysis conditions when the calibration certificate was received, except that the analyzed particle diameter was limited to a circle equivalent diameter of 1.985 μm or more and less than 39.69 μm.

Examples are given below to specifically explain the effects of the present invention.

[Example 1]
In this embodiment, the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1 is used. The configuration of the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1 is obtained by modifying a mechanical pulverizer (turbo mill T250-CRS-rotor shape RS type manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to the configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the rotor and stator. In FIG. 2, L1 indicates the area of the portion 103-1 on the upstream side of the rotor 103 where the blades are located. L2 indicates the region of the bladeless portion (flat portion) 103-2 of the rotor. L3 indicates the area of the downstream blade portion 103-3 of the rotor 103;

D1 and D2 represent the clearance between the rotor and the stator, D1 represents the clearance between the rotor and the stator in the region of L1, and D2 represents the clearance between the rotor and the stator in the region of L2. ing.

The term "gap" as used herein refers to the distance between the tips of blades facing each other in the area of L1 (convex portion to convex portion). The area of L2 refers to the distance between the tips of the stator blades and the flat surface of the rotor.

A pulverized product was produced using the mechanical pulverizer under the following conditions. As raw materials for pulverization, generally commercially available binder resins, coloring materials, releasing agents, etc. were used after being adjusted to an average particle size of about 100 μm by the above-described raw material mixing, melt-kneading, and coarse pulverization.

[Example 1-1]
(Feed=30kg/h)
Using the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1, the toner raw material was pulverized under the conditions (Condition 1) of 30 kg/h of the toner raw material and 4 m ³ /min of cool air flow from the supply port, and the cool air temperature of -10°C.

The configuration of the pulverizer under these conditions was D1=1.0 mm, D2=1.0 mm, L1=120 mm, L2=80 mm, and L3=120 mm in FIG.

In condition 1, first, the peripheral speed of the rotor is set so that the weight average particle size of the pulverized product is in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production is continued for 1 hour under the same conditions to obtain about 30 kg of pulverized product. got

[Example 1-2]
(Feed=40kg/h)
In this condition, the pulverizer has the same configuration as condition 1, the toner raw material is 40 kg/h from the supply port, the cold air is flowed in at an air volume of 4 m ³ /min, and the cold air temperature is −10° C. (condition 2). A toner raw material was pulverized.

Also under condition 2, the peripheral speed of the rotor is set so that the weight average particle size of the pulverized product is in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production is continued for 1 hour under the same conditions to obtain about 40 kg of pulverized product. got

Detailed conditions in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 are also shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 1-1]
(Feed=30kg/h)
In this comparative example, the crusher shown in FIG. 3 is used. The pulverizer shown in FIG. 3 is a mechanical pulverizer (turbo mill T250-CRS-rotor shape RS type manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the rotor has blades in the entire area facing the stator. Also, the distance between the stator and the rotor was set to 1.0 mm.

In this comparative example, the same toner raw material as in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 was used, the toner raw material was 30 kg/h from the supply port, cold air was introduced at an air volume of 4 m ³ /min, and the cold air temperature was -10°C. The toner raw material was pulverized under the conditions of

Also in this comparative example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm under each condition, and then continuous production was performed for 1 hour under the same conditions. About 30 kg of ground product was obtained.

[Comparative Example 1-2]
(Feed=40kg/h)
In this comparative example, the toner raw material was pulverized in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1-1, except that the toner raw material was supplied from the supply port at 40 kg/h.

Also in this comparative example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm under each condition, and then continuous production was performed for 1 hour under the same conditions. About 40 kg of ground product was obtained.

Detailed conditions in Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2 are also shown in Table 1.

In the present examples and comparative examples, the fineness ratio and the circularity of the produced finely pulverized products were measured. From the measurement results, the fine powder rate was obtained by number % of 3 μm or less, and the circularity was obtained from the frequency distribution of the values, and the circularity distribution width of ±3σ was obtained, and the distribution width was ranked.
・Evaluation rank of fine powder rate (number % of 3 μm or less):
Taking the value of the fine powder ratio of the finely pulverized product obtained in Comparative Example 1 as 1, the ratio was ranked according to the following ranks.
A: A decrease was observed at 0.90 or less.
B: more than 0.90 and less than 1.10, equivalent.
C: An increase was observed at 1.10 or more.
・Evaluation rank of circularity distribution (variation):
A: The distribution width is less than 0.040 and the distribution width is small.
B: Distribution width of 0.040 or more and less than 0.050.
C: The distribution width is 0.050 or more, and the distribution width is large.

Table 2 shows the evaluation results under each condition in Examples 1-1 and 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2.

As shown in Table 2, due to the effect of the fine powder suppression mechanism described above, the fine powder ratio of the pulverized product produced by the pulverizer with this configuration is reduced, the circularity distribution width is small, and the pulverization A toner with good process stability can be obtained.

In addition, from the comparison between Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 under more severe conditions by increasing the amount of treatment (Feed amount), compared to Comparative Example 1-2, Example 1-2 has a circular shape. The degree of dispersion evaluation has increased by two ranks, and the effect is more pronounced.

[Example 2]
Also in this embodiment, the grinder shown in FIG. 1 is used. In this example, the gaps D1 and D2 between the rotor 103 and the stator 104 shown in FIG. 2 were changed to manufacture pulverized products.

Specifically, D1 is set to 1.0 mm, and the ratio of the gap D2 on the downstream side to the gap D1 between the rotor and the stator on the upstream side (D2/D1) is changed in the range of 1.0 to 5.2, Each condition was defined as Examples 2-1 to 2-6.

Note that the configuration of the rotor in this embodiment was L1=120 mm, L2=80 mm, and L3=120 mm in FIG. 2 as in the first embodiment. Also, the gap between the rotor and the stator in the L3 region is assumed to be the same as D1.

The pulverized product was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1: 40 kg/h of the same toner raw material as in Example 1, cold air flow rate of 4 m ³ /min, and cold air temperature of -10°C.

In this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight-average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 10 hours under the same conditions to produce approximately 400 kg of powder. A crushed product shall be obtained.

Detailed conditions in Examples 2-1 to 2-6 are also shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 2]
In this comparative example, the same pulverizer configuration and conditions as in Comparative Example 1 were used to perform continuous production for 10 hours to obtain a pulverized product weighing about 400 kg.

In this example and comparative example, in addition to the fine powder rate and circularity evaluation performed in the evaluation of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the produced finely pulverized product was sampled every hour, and the weight average particle size (D4) was measured. The particle size stability of the finely pulverized product was evaluated.

For the evaluation, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of sampled particle diameters was calculated, and the following rankings were performed.
・Evaluation rank of particle size stability:
AA: Less than 0.1 µm, excellent.
A: 0.1 μm or more and less than 0.2 μm, which is good.
B: 0.2 µm or more and less than 0.4 µm, a level that poses no practical problem.
C: 0.4 µm or more, which is at a practically problematic level.

Further, after 10 hours of continuous production, the apparatus was stopped, and the degree of toner adhesion (dirt) on the rotor and stator was visually confirmed. The evaluation rank is as follows.
・Evaluation rank of toner adhesion:
AA: Excellent with no adhesion.
A: Almost no adhesion, good.
B . . . Slight adhesion is observed, but the level is practically non-problematic.
C: Adhesion was observed and there was a problem in practical use.
·Comprehensive evaluation:
AA . . . Two or more items in each evaluation item are ranked AA, and the lowest rank is A rank or higher.
A: Rank A or higher in all evaluation items.
B . . . In each evaluation item, there was even one B rank among the lowest ranks.
C: In each evaluation item, there was even one C rank in the lowest rank.

Table 2 also shows the above evaluation results.

As shown in Table 2, good results are obtained in the examples that are the configurations of the present invention. In particular, when the ratio D2/D1 of D1 in the rotor blade region to D2 in the bladeless region is in the range of 1.2 to 5.0, good results are obtained in all items.

It is believed that within the above range, the grindability was improved, the rotation speed of the rotor could be reduced, and the effect of lowering the internal temperature of the apparatus was obtained.

[Example 3]
In this embodiment, the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1 is used, and in this embodiment, the region L2 of the bladeless portion (flat portion) 103-2 of the rotor 103 shown in FIG. was manufactured.

Specifically, L2/L (overall length of the rotor) was changed from 1/9 to 3/5 under each condition shown in Table 1, and each condition was defined as Examples 3-1 to 3-6. When L2/L is 1/9, 1/8, 1/4, 1/3, the starting point of the flat portion L2 is 1/2 from the upstream end of the rotor, and L2/L is 1/2, 3/ When it is 5, it is 1/4.

In addition, the structure of another crusher in this embodiment was set to D1=1.0 mm and D2=1.5 mm in FIG.

The pulverized product was produced under the following conditions: 40 kg/h of the toner material was supplied from the supply port, cold air was supplied at an air volume of 4 m ³ /min, and the temperature of the cold air was -10°C.

In this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight-average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 10 hours under the same conditions to produce approximately 400 kg of powder. A crushed product shall be obtained.

Detailed conditions in Examples 3-1 to 3-6 are also shown in Table 1.

Also in this example, the same evaluation as in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was performed, and the results are shown in Table 2 together.

In this example, under the condition that the area of the flat portion from the downstream end of the rotor in Example 3-6 was 3/5, the set particle size was not reached even at the upper limit of the rotation speed of the crusher. A pulverized product was produced by lowering the supply amount of the toner raw material from the supply port to 30 kg/h. Therefore, we added a throughput ranking as an evaluation.
・Evaluation of throughput:
A: A throughput of 40 kg/h or more was obtained with respect to the set particle size.
B . . . Although a processing amount of 30 kg/h was obtained with respect to the set particle size, a processing amount of 40 kg/h was not obtained.
C: A throughput of 20 kg/h was obtained for the set particle size, but a throughput of 30 kg/h was not obtained.

Table 2 also shows the above evaluation results.

As shown in Table 2, good results are obtained in the examples that are the configurations of the present invention. In particular, good results were obtained in all items when the flat portion area of the rotor was 1/8 to 1/2.

[Example 4]
In this embodiment, the pulverizer shown in FIG. 1 is used, and in this embodiment, the rotor upstream end of the region L2 of the bladeless portion (flat portion) 103-2 of the rotor 103 shown in FIG. Milled products were produced by varying the starting point from .

Specifically, the start point of the flat portion was changed in the range of 1/9 to 5/6, and Examples 4-1 to 4-6 were obtained. The region L2/L (total rotor length) of flat portion 103-2 is 1/8.

In addition, the structure of another crusher in this embodiment was set to D1=1.0 mm and D2=1.5 mm in FIG.

The pulverized product was produced under the following conditions: 40 kg/h of the toner material was supplied from the supply port, cold air was supplied at an air volume of 4 m ³ /min, and the temperature of the cold air was -10°C.

In this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight-average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 10 hours under the same conditions to produce approximately 400 kg of powder. A crushed product shall be obtained.

Detailed conditions in Examples 4-1 to 4-6 are also shown in Table 1.

Also in this example, the same evaluation as in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was performed, and the results are shown in Table 2 together.

As shown in Table 2, good results are obtained in the examples that are the configurations of the present invention. In particular, good results are obtained in all items when the starting point of the flat portion of the rotor is 1/8 to 3/4.

[Example 5]
(Pulverizer of the present invention having a plurality of flat portions)
In this embodiment, a pulverizer having two bladeless portions (flat portions) of the rotor 103 shown in FIG. 7 was used. In the figure, L2 represents the area of the first flat portion 103-2, and L4 represents the area of the second flat portion 103-4.

In this embodiment, the starting point of the first flat portion L2 is 1/2 from the upstream end of the rotor, L2 and L4 are 40 mm (1/8 of L), and the total flat portion is 1/2. 4. L3 is 40 mm (1/8 of L).

In this embodiment, the gap in the region where the blades of the rotor are located is 1.0 mm, and the gap in the region where the rotor is flat is 1.5 mm.

The pulverized product was produced under the following conditions: 40 kg/h of the toner material was supplied from the supply port, cold air was supplied at an air volume of 4 m ³ /min, and the temperature of the cold air was -10°C.

Also in this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight-average particle size of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 10 hours under the same conditions to produce about 400 kg. shall be obtained.

[Example 6]
(Pulverizer of the present invention with multiple flat parts: flat end)
In this embodiment, a pulverizer having two bladeless portions (flat portions) of the rotor 103 shown in FIG. 8 was used. In the figure, L2 represents the area of the first flat portion 103-2, L4 represents the area of the second flat portion 103-4, and the second flat portion extends to the end of the rotor.

In this embodiment, the starting point of the first flat portion L2 is 1/2 from the upstream end of the rotor, L2 and L4 are 40 mm (1/8 of L), and the flat The sum of the parts was 1/4. L3 is 80 mm (1/4 of L).

In this embodiment, the gap in the region where the blades of the rotor are located is 1.0 mm, and the gap in the region where the rotor is flat is 1.5 mm.

The pulverized product was produced under the following conditions: 40 kg/h of the toner material was supplied from the supply port, cold air was supplied at an air volume of 4 m ³ /min, and the temperature of the cold air was -10°C.

Also in this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight-average particle size of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 10 hours under the same conditions to produce about 400 kg. shall be obtained.

Detailed conditions in Examples 5 and 6 are also shown in Table 1.

In Examples 5 and 6, the same evaluation as in Example 4 was performed, and the results are shown in Table 2 together.

As shown in Table 2, good results are obtained even in the configuration of the present invention having a plurality of flat portion regions.

[Example 7]
(Two-step pulverization process: only the second step is the pulverizer configured according to the present invention)
In this example, the pulverizer of the conventional configuration used in Comparative Example 1 was used as the first pulverization step, and the pulverized product was produced using the pulverizer of the present invention having the configuration used in Example 1 as the second pulverization step. made.

In this example, in order to obtain a pulverized product having a weight average particle size of 4.0 to 4.2 μm, the set particle size in the first pulverization step was set to a weight average particle size of 6.8 to 7.0 μm. 40 kg/h of the toner raw material, 4 m ³ /min of cool air from the supply port, and -10° C. cold air temperature were used to pulverize the toner raw material.

Also in this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 1 hour under the same conditions to produce about 40 kg. shall be obtained.

Next, the pulverized product obtained in the first pulverizing step is used as the second pulverizing step, and the peripheral speed of the rotor is set so that the weight average particle size of the pulverized product is in the range of 4.0 to 4.2 μm. It is assumed that continuous production is carried out for one hour under the same conditions to obtain a pulverized product of about 40 kg.

[Example 8]
(Two-stage pulverization process: the pulverizer of the present invention for both the first and second steps)
In this example, the pulverizer having the configuration used in Example 1 was used in both the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step to produce a pulverized product.

In this example, similarly to Example 7, in order to obtain a pulverized product having a weight average particle size of 4.0 to 4.2 μm, the set particle size of the first pulverization step was set to a weight average particle size of 6.8. 7.0 μm, and pulverized toner raw material was pulverized under the following conditions: 40 kg/h of raw toner material was supplied from a supply port, cold air was supplied at a rate of 4 m ³ /min, and the cold air temperature was -10°C.

Also in this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 1 hour under the same conditions to produce about 40 kg. shall be obtained.

Next, the pulverized product obtained in the first pulverizing step is used as the second pulverizing step, and the peripheral speed of the rotor is set so that the weight average particle size of the pulverized product is in the range of 4.0 to 4.2 μm. It is assumed that continuous production is carried out for one hour under the same conditions to obtain a pulverized product of about 40 kg.

[Example 9]
(Two-step pulverization process: only the first step is the pulverizer of the present invention)
In this example, the pulverizer having the configuration of the present invention used in Example 1 was used as the first pulverizing step, and the pulverizer having the conventional configuration having the configuration used in Comparative Example 1 was used as the second pulverizing step. made a product.

In the present example, as in Example 7, in order to obtain a pulverized product having a weight average particle size of 4.0 to 4.2 μm, the set particle size of the first pulverization step was set to a weight average particle size of 6.8 to 4.2 μm. The toner raw material was pulverized under the following conditions: 40 kg/h of the toner raw material was fed from the supply port, the cooling air flow rate was 4 m ³ /min, and the cold air temperature was -10°C.

Also in this example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight average particle diameter of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 1 hour under the same conditions to produce about 40 kg. shall be obtained.

Next, the pulverized product obtained in the first pulverizing step is used as the second pulverizing step, and the peripheral speed of the rotor is set so that the weight average particle size of the pulverized product is in the range of 4.0 to 4.2 μm. It is assumed that continuous production is carried out for one hour under the same conditions to obtain a pulverized product of about 40 kg.

[Comparative Example 3]
(Two-stage pulverization process: conventional pulverizer for both the first and second processes)
In this comparative example, the pulverizer having the conventional configuration used in Comparative Example 1 was used in both the first pulverization step and the second pulverization step to produce a pulverized product.

In this comparative example, similarly to Example 7, in order to obtain a pulverized product having a weight average particle size of 4.0 to 4.2 μm, the set particle size of the first pulverization step was set to a weight average particle size of 6.8 to 4.2 μm. The toner raw material was pulverized under the following conditions: 40 kg/h of the toner raw material was fed from the supply port, the cooling air flow rate was 4 m ³ /min, and the cold air temperature was -10°C.

Also in this comparative example, the peripheral speed of the rotor was set so that the weight-average particle size of the pulverized product was in the range of 6.8 to 7.0 μm, and then production was continued for 1 hour under the same conditions to produce about 40 kg. shall be obtained.

Next, the pulverized product obtained in the first pulverizing step is used as the second pulverizing step, and the peripheral speed of the rotor is set so that the weight average particle size of the pulverized product is in the range of 4.2 to 4.4 μm. It is assumed that continuous production is carried out for one hour under the same conditions to obtain a pulverized product of about 40 kg.

Detailed conditions in Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Example 3 are also shown in Table 3.

In Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Example 3, the toner after the second step was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 4 also shows the results.

As shown in Table 4, in the pulverization system using the first pulverization process and the second pulverization process, by using the pulverizer having the configuration of the present invention in at least one of the pulverization systems, the toner having a weight average particle size of 4 μm or so can be obtained. Good results were also obtained with pulverized products. Furthermore, even better results are obtained by using the grinder having the configuration of the present invention for at least the second grinding step.

101: supply port, 1021: front chamber, 1022: front chamber outlet, 103: rotor, 104: stator, 105: rear chamber, 106: discharge port, 107: central rotating shaft, 108: cold wind generator, 109 : cold water supply port, 110: cold water discharge port

Claims (6)

a stator having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on its inner peripheral surface;
a rotor attached to the central rotating shaft and having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on a cylindrical outer peripheral surface;
The stator encloses the rotor, and a mechanical pulverizer for producing toner in which the material to be pulverized is passed through a gap formed between the surface of the stator and the surface of the rotor to be pulverized,
The rotor has at least one flat region in which at least one surface is flat in the entire circumferential direction,
A mechanical pulverizer for manufacturing toner, wherein at least one of said flat regions has a plurality of protrusions and recesses on both sides thereof. The distance between the surface of the flat region having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on both sides and the protrusions of the stator is equal to the distance between the protrusions of the rotor and the protrusions of the stator on the upstream side of the two sides. 2. The mechanical pulverizer for manufacturing toner according to claim 1, wherein the ratio is 1.2 times or more and 5.0 times or less. 3. The total of the flat regions having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on both sides and other flat regions is in the range of 1/8 or more and 1/2 or less of the axial length of the rotor. A mechanical pulverizer for producing toner as described. The start point of the flat region having a plurality of protrusions and recesses on both sides is a range from 1/8 to 3/4 of the axial length of the rotor from the upstream end in the passage direction of the material to be crushed. The mechanical pulverizer for manufacturing toner according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A pulverization process system for manufacturing toner,
The system has a first pulverization step and a second pulverization step, produces a finely pulverized product in the first pulverization step, pulverizes the pulverized product in the second pulverization step,
A pulverizing step for producing toner, wherein one of the pulverizers used in the first or second pulverizing step is the mechanical pulverizer for toner production according to any one of claims 1 to 4. system. A pulverization process system for manufacturing toner,
The system has a first pulverization step and a second pulverization step, produces a finely pulverized product in the first pulverization step, pulverizes the pulverized product in the second pulverization step,
A pulverizing process system for producing toner, wherein the pulverizer used in at least the second pulverizing process is the mechanical pulverizer for toner production according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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