JP2022161837A - 金属を着色する方法および着色された金属 - Google Patents
金属を着色する方法および着色された金属 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 nitrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/48—Ion implantation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
- A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
- A44C27/002—Metallic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C5/00—Bracelets; Wrist-watch straps; Fastenings for bracelets or wrist-watch straps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/005—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects by altering locally the surface material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0015—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterized by the colour of the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
- C23C14/582—Thermal treatment using electron bombardment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
- G04B19/04—Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like
- G04B19/042—Construction and manufacture of the hands; arrangements for increasing reading accuracy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
- G04B19/06—Dials
- G04B19/12—Selection of materials for dials or graduations markings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B45/00—Time pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effects
- G04B45/0076—Decoration of the case and of parts thereof, e.g. as a method of manufacture thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B45/00—Time pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effects
- G04B45/02—Time pieces of which the clockwork is visible partly or wholly
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
- G04D3/0069—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for working with non-mechanical means, e.g. chemical, electrochemical, metallising, vapourising; with electron beams, laser beams
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1価または多価イオン源は、ECRイオン源であり、
- 被処理部品は、イオン注入処理に反応しない支持部品上に固定され、
- 支持部品は、セラミック部品であり、
- 支持部品は、外部部品であり、
- 外部部品は、時計製造または宝飾品向けであり、
- 外部部品は、時計ミドル部、時計ケースバック、時計ベゼル、時計文字盤、時計ブレスレットまたはジュエルリンク、時計ムーブメントのブリッジまたはプレート、時計針、およびリングによって形成される群から選択され、
- 被処理部品を作製する金属は、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、およびこれらの貴金属の合金によって形成される貴金属の群から選択され、
- 被処理部品は、銅、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、チタン、またはこれらの金属の合金を使用して作製され、
- イオン化すべき材料は、炭素、窒素、酸素、ヘリウム、およびアルゴンによって形成される群から選択され、
- 1価または多価のイオンは、12.5kVから47.5kVの間にある電圧の下で加速され、イオンビームの出力は、4mAから15mAの間にあり、注入イオンのドーズ量は、5×1015ions.cm-2から75×1016ions.cm-2の間にあり、
- 被処理部品は、1価または多価のイオンビームが注入される真空チャンバ内に配置され、
- 被処理部品は、イオン注入処理後に、アニール熱処理を受ける。
2 注入ステージ
4 イオン化すべきガスの体積
6 マイクロ波
8 磁気閉じ込めステージ
10 プラズマ
12 抽出ステージ
14a アノード
14b カソード
16 イオンビーム
18 表面
20 被処理部品
22 イオン注入設備
24 真空チャンバ
26 密閉筐体
28 ベゼル
30 金属挿入物
32 開口部
Claims (14)
- 1価または多価のイオン源によって生成された1価または多価のイオンビームを被処理部品(20)の方向に導くことによって、前記被処理部品(20)の表面層内に1価または多価のイオンを注入することを有するステップを含み、前記被処理部品(20)がこのイオン注入の効果の下で色を変化させる、金属製の前記被処理部品(20)を着色する方法。
- 前記1価または多価のイオン源は、ECRイオン源(1)であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の着色方法。
- 前記被処理部品(20)は、前記イオン注入処理に反応しない支持部品上に固定されることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の着色方法。
- 前記支持部品は、セラミック部品であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の着色方法。
- 前記支持部品は、外部部品であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の着色方法。
- 前記外部部品は、時計製造または宝飾品用向けであることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の着色方法。
- 前記外部部品は、時計ミドル部、時計ケースバック、時計ベゼル、時計文字盤、時計ブレスレットまたはジュエルリンク、時計ムーブメントのブリッジまたはプレート、時計針、およびリングによって形成される群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の着色方法。
- 被処理部品(20)を作成する金属は、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、およびこれらの貴金属の合金によって形成される貴金属の群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の着色方法。
- 被処理部品(20)は、銅、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、チタン、またはこれらの金属の合金を使用して作製されることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の着色方法。
- イオン化すべき材料は、炭素、窒素、酸素、ヘリウム、およびアルゴンによって形成される群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の着色方法。
- 前記1価または多価のイオンは12.5kVから47.5kVの間にある電圧の下で加速され、前記イオンビームの出力は4mAから15mAの間にあり、前記注入イオンのドーズ量は5×1015ions.cm-2から75×1016ions.cm-2の間にあることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の着色方法。
- 前記被処理部品(20)は、前記1価または多価のイオンビーム(16)が注入される真空チャンバ(24)内に配置されることを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の着色方法。
- 前記被処理部品(20)は、前記イオン注入処理後に、アニール熱処理を受けることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の着色方法。
- 金属製であり、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の着色方法によって着色された、被処理部品。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP21167303.3A EP4071268A1 (fr) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Procédé de coloration d'un métal et metal coloré |
EP21167303.3 | 2021-04-08 |
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JP7429728B2 JP7429728B2 (ja) | 2024-02-08 |
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US (1) | US20220325404A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4071268A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7429728B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20220139796A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN115198244A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI818469B (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4991266A (ja) * | 1972-12-29 | 1974-08-31 | ||
JP2011230506A (ja) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-11-17 | Omega Sa | 少なくとも1つの金属装飾が嵌め込まれたセラミック要素 |
JP2019505683A (ja) * | 2016-01-20 | 2019-02-28 | ケルテック | 着色金属を製造するために一価または多価ガスイオンのビームを使用する処理方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB8619775D0 (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1986-09-24 | Millspin Ltd | Ion beam dosimetry |
WO2010037914A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-04-08 | Quertech Ingenierie | Procede de traitement d'une piece metallique par des ions multi-energies he+ et he2+ |
US8961711B2 (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2015-02-24 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method and apparatus for nitriding metal articles |
CN102021525B (zh) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-01-16 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种基于离子注入的彩色不锈钢及其制备方法 |
CN103302916B (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2016-08-17 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | 镀膜件及其制备方法 |
EP3503159B1 (fr) * | 2017-12-20 | 2021-05-05 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Procédé d'implantation d'ions sur une surface d'un objet à traiter |
CN109136844A (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-04 | 佛山科学技术学院 | 一种玫瑰金镀层及其制备工艺 |
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2021
- 2021-04-08 EP EP21167303.3A patent/EP4071268A1/fr active Pending
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2022
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JPS4991266A (ja) * | 1972-12-29 | 1974-08-31 | ||
JP2011230506A (ja) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-11-17 | Omega Sa | 少なくとも1つの金属装飾が嵌め込まれたセラミック要素 |
JP2019505683A (ja) * | 2016-01-20 | 2019-02-28 | ケルテック | 着色金属を製造するために一価または多価ガスイオンのビームを使用する処理方法 |
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CN115198244A (zh) | 2022-10-18 |
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