JP2022101822A - Imaging measurement method and device for wood cut end face diameter - Google Patents
Imaging measurement method and device for wood cut end face diameter Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、伐採現場で伐採した木材の直径を撮像計測し、径級表示を換算して計測データとして保存利用することができる木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for imaging and measuring the diameter of a cut end face of wood, which can image and measure the diameter of wood cut at a logging site, convert the diameter classification display, and store and use it as measurement data.
林業伐採現場では、伐採した木材を1本ずつ切断円形端面から見て最小値となる個所を巻き尺等で測定し、14cm以下は1cm刻み、例えば9cm~9.9cmは『9cm』の径級で、また14cmを超えるものは2cm刻み、例えば14cm~15.9cmは『14cm』の径級で、計測データを記録用紙へ記載すると共に計測した木材の切断円形端面にも直接記入する。
前記計測データは、各社指定の納品書に径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値(材積)を記録し、顧客へ木材と納品書をセットで渡す。
顧客は、現品木材と納品書の計測データを照合し、径級ごとに現品木材を仕分けし保管し、径級ごとに作業指示をする。
At the forestry logging site, cut wood one by one, measure the minimum value when viewed from the circular end face with a winding scale, etc., and measure in 1 cm increments for 14 cm or less, for example, in the diameter class of "9 cm" for 9 cm to 9.9 cm. For those over 14 cm, in 2 cm increments, for example, 14 cm to 15.9 cm is a diameter class of "14 cm", and the measurement data is recorded on the recording paper and directly entered on the cut circular end face of the measured wood.
For the measurement data, the number of pieces and the calculated value (volume) aggregated for each diameter class are recorded on the delivery note designated by each company, and the timber and the delivery note are delivered to the customer as a set.
The customer collates the actual wood with the measurement data on the delivery note, sorts and stores the actual wood for each diameter class, and gives work instructions for each diameter class.
従来、山林で木材資源を切り出し、木材製品とする木材の伐採及び造木作業を機械化するのに用いられるプロセッサ装置と、このようなプロセッサ装置を用いた木材の伐採造木方法が知られている(特許文献1を参照)。
この公知技術は、可動アームを備えた作業車に装備され、伐倒された木材を保持して所定長さ毎に切断するプロセッサ装置であって、前記可動アームの先端に配置される本体部と、該本体部に配置され、木材を把持する把持部と、該把持部で把持された木材を長さ方向に送る送り部と、該送り部の隣接端で木材を切断する切断部と、前記把持部で把持された木材のうち把持部の中心線に沿って把持部から延び出た部分を、把持部に隣接する部分から離れる方向へと木材の軸方向に沿って撮像する撮像装置と、前記作業車に配置され、前記撮像装置から送られる木材の撮像情報を受け取り表示する表示装置と、前記撮像装置から前記表示装置へと撮像情報を伝達する情報伝達手段とを備えるものである。
Conventionally, a processor device used for cutting out timber resources in a forest and mechanizing the logging and tree-building work of timber as a timber product, and a method for logging and felling wood using such a processor device are known. (See Patent Document 1).
This known technique is a processor device equipped on a work vehicle equipped with a movable arm, which holds felled wood and cuts it by a predetermined length, and has a main body portion arranged at the tip of the movable arm. A grip portion that is arranged in the main body portion and grips the wood, a feed portion that feeds the wood gripped by the grip portion in the length direction, a cutting portion that cuts the wood at an adjacent end of the feed portion, and the above. An image pickup device that captures images of the wood gripped by the grip portion extending from the grip portion along the center line of the grip portion in a direction away from the portion adjacent to the grip portion along the axial direction of the wood. It is provided with a display device arranged in the work vehicle and receiving and displaying image pickup information of wood sent from the image pickup device, and an information transmission means for transmitting the image pickup information from the image pickup device to the display device.
このように、前記の木材の伐採造木用のプロセッサ装置は、作業者の目視観察に加えて、別の方向からの撮像装置による撮像情報を基にして、木材の欠陥個所を検査することができるし、木材のうち、欠陥のない良好な部分のみを確実に切り取って、商品価値の高い木材製品を得ることができる。
一方、本発明は、伐採現場で伐採した木材の直径を撮像計測し、各社指定の納品書に径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値を記録した計測データを得て、顧客へ木材と納品書をセットで渡すことができる後工程の作業である。
As described above, the processor device for logging and logging of wood can inspect defective parts of wood based on the information captured by the image pickup device from another direction in addition to the visual observation of the operator. It is possible to obtain a wood product with high commercial value by surely cutting out only the good part of the wood without defects.
On the other hand, in the present invention, the diameter of the timber felled at the logging site is imaged and measured, and the number of timber and the calculated value recorded in the delivery note specified by each company are recorded, and the timber and the delivery note are given to the customer. It is a post-process work that can be passed as a set.
本発明は、伐採現場で伐採した木材の直径を、直径計測には用いない部分(以下、「欠陥部分」という。)を除いて正確に撮像計測し、径級表示を換算して計測データとして保存利用することができる木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法及び装置を提供することを目的とする。 In the present invention, the diameter of wood felled at a logging site is accurately imaged and measured except for a portion not used for diameter measurement (hereinafter referred to as "defective portion"), and the diameter class display is converted into measurement data. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for imaging and measuring the diameter of a logging end face of wood that can be preserved and utilized.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法は、伐採した木材をカメラで1本ずつ断面を撮影し、欠陥部分を画像処理で排除し撮像画像に仮想の輪郭を設定し円形状を判断する画像処理を行い、前記画像処理された円形状から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求め、前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算し、実測値ごとと径級ごとに集計した本数と表示値を記録するものである。 In the imaging measurement method of the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention, a cross section of the felled wood is photographed one by one with a camera, defective portions are removed by image processing, a virtual contour is set in the captured image, and a circular shape is determined. Processing is performed, the center of gravity is obtained from the image-processed circular shape, the minimum value of the circular shape centered on the center of gravity is obtained, the diameter class value is calculated from the minimum value of the captured image, and each measured value and each diameter class. The number and display value aggregated in are recorded.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測装置は、伐採した木材を1本ずつ切断円形端面を撮影するカメラと、撮像された画像から欠陥部分を排除し円形状を判断する画像処理装置と、前記撮像画像から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求める算出装置と、画像処理上で計測基準となる2つの光点表示の照射装置を附帯し、2つの光点間距離を基準とした最小値との相対比較で実測値を求める演算装置と、前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算する演算装置と、径級ごとに集計した本数と表示値を記録する記憶装置と、前記径級の計算結果を表示する表示装置と、を備えている。 The image pickup measuring device for the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention includes a camera that captures a circular end face by cutting the felled wood one by one, an image processing device that removes a defective portion from the captured image and determines a circular shape, and the above. A calculation device that obtains the center of gravity from the captured image and the minimum value of the circular shape centered on the center of gravity, and an irradiation device that displays two light spots that serve as measurement criteria in image processing are attached, and the distance between the two light spots is determined. A calculation device that calculates the measured value by relative comparison with the reference minimum value, a calculation device that calculates the diameter class value from the minimum value of the captured image, and a storage device that records the total number and display value for each diameter class. And a display device for displaying the calculation result of the diameter class.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法及び装置は、木材切断端面直径を撮影するだけで実測値との差異が小さく正確に計測でき、径級を仕分けることができ、集計したデータを顧客が保存利用することができる。 The method and apparatus for imaging and measuring the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention can measure accurately with a small difference from the measured value only by photographing the diameter of the cut end face of wood, can sort the diameter class, and the customer can collect the aggregated data. It can be saved and used.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測装置の一実施例を以下に説明する。
木材切断端面直径の撮像計測装置は、伐採した木材を1本ずつ切断円形端面を撮影するカメラと、該カメラにより撮像された画像から円形状を判断する画像処理装置と、前記撮像画像から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求める算出装置と、画像処理上で計測基準となる光を照射する少なくとも1対の照射装置と、2つの光点間距離を基準とした最小値との相対比較で実測値を求め、前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算する演算装置と、径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値を記録する記憶装置と、前記径級の計算結果を表示する表示装置と、を備えている。
An embodiment of the image pickup measuring device for the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention will be described below.
The image pickup measuring device for the diameter of the cut end face of wood includes a camera that cuts the felled wood one by one and photographs a circular end face, an image processing device that determines a circular shape from an image captured by the camera, and a center of gravity from the captured image. A calculation device that obtains the minimum value of a circular shape centered on the center of gravity, at least one pair of irradiation devices that irradiate light as a measurement reference in image processing, and a minimum value based on the distance between two light spots. A calculation device that calculates the diameter class value from the minimum value of the captured image, a storage device that records the total number and calculated value for each diameter class, and the calculation result of the diameter class. It is equipped with a display device that displays.
前記カメラは、ハンディータイプの持ち運び可能な撮影機器であり、携帯電話のカメラ機能で代用することもでき、内部にデータ処理機能とデータ送信機能が備わっている。
一定距離離れた地点から木材の切断円形端部を撮影し、その画像を撮影機器内部で実測値に変換したデータを適宜にクラウドサーバーにアップロードし、離れた地点のパソコン等の径級換算する演算装置にデータをダウンロードする。
The camera is a handy type portable shooting device, which can be substituted with the camera function of a mobile phone, and has a data processing function and a data transmission function internally.
Calculation of cutting circular end of wood from a certain distance away, converting the image into actual measurement value inside the shooting device, uploading it to the cloud server as appropriate, and converting the diameter of the personal computer etc. at the remote point Download the data to the device.
前記画像処理装置は、カメラにより撮像された撮像画像の輪郭から円形状を判断する画像処理を行う。
前記算出装置は、前記画像処理装置により画像処理された円形状から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求める。
前記照射装置は、画像処理上で計測基準となる光を照射する少なくとも1対設ける。
The image processing device performs image processing for determining a circular shape from the contour of the captured image captured by the camera.
The calculation device obtains the center of gravity from the circular shape image-processed by the image processing device, and obtains the minimum value of the circular shape centered on the center of gravity.
The irradiation device is provided with at least one pair that irradiates light that serves as a measurement reference in image processing.
前記演算装置は、2つの光点間距離を基準とした最小値との相対比較で実測値を求め、前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算する。
前記記憶装置は、前記演算装置から送られてきた演算結果を径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値を記録する。
前記表示装置はCRTやモニター画面であり、前記径級の計算結果を表示する。
The arithmetic unit obtains an actually measured value by relative comparison with a minimum value based on a distance between two optical spots, and calculates a diameter class value from the minimum value of the captured image.
The storage device records the number and the calculated value obtained by totaling the calculation results sent from the calculation device for each diameter class.
The display device is a CRT or a monitor screen, and displays the calculation result of the diameter class.
測定した実測値をクラウドサーバーで保管・管理することでデータの受け渡しを複数の作業者(複数の撮影機器や演算処理装置)間で運用を可能とし、顧客へのデータ転送による管理資料や検収資料などに利用する。 By storing and managing the measured measured values on a cloud server, it is possible to transfer data between multiple workers (multiple shooting devices and arithmetic processing devices), and management materials and acceptance inspection materials by data transfer to customers. It is used for such purposes.
次に、本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法の操作動作を図1の(1)~(4)に説明する。
(1)山林で伐採した木材を平坦な空き地の伐採現場に山積みで並べ、伐採した木材をカメラで1本ずつ断面とカメラに附帯したレーザー発光モジュール等で照射した2つの光点を撮影する。
(2)木材切断端面を測定する基準となる光を照射して撮像した画像と、照射せずに撮像した画像の両方を処理(解析)に用いることで、画像内で照射された光の位置の距離を画像上に記憶させ、計測基準とする。
(3)木材切断端面をAI(機械学習による画像解析)によって直径計測に用いてはいけない部分(割れ、節など)を除外した上で撮像画像の輪郭から円形状を判断する画像処理を行う。
(4)画像処理された円形状から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求め測定した木材の断面に最小値を記載する。
Next, the operation operation of the imaging measurement method of the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (1) to (4).
(1) The timber felled in the forest is lined up in piles at the logging site in a flat vacant lot, and the felled timber is photographed one by one with a camera and two light spots irradiated with a laser emission module attached to the camera.
(2) By using both the image captured by irradiating the image as a reference for measuring the cut end face of wood and the image captured without irradiating for processing (analysis), the position of the irradiated light in the image. The distance is stored in the image and used as a measurement reference.
(3) After excluding the parts (cracks, knots, etc.) that should not be used for diameter measurement by AI (image analysis by machine learning) on the cut end face of wood, image processing is performed to determine the circular shape from the contour of the captured image.
(4) The center of gravity is obtained from the image-processed circular shape, the minimum value of the circular shape centered on the center of gravity is obtained, and the minimum value is described in the cross section of the measured wood.
前記計測データの利用を以下の(5)~(12)に説明する。
(5)トラックへの積み込み場所に測定した木材を運搬し撮像画像の計測データを専用のクラウドサーバーにアップロードする。
(6)トラック積み込み作業ごとに木材断面に記載した数値(実測値)をクラウドから読み込み実測値を読み込み装置にデータ蓄積し、トラック積み込み作業終了単位で表示値(実測値)を表示しトラックに積み込んだ現物と照合する。
(7)実測値の記憶と同時に読み込み装置上で径級値を演算する。
(8)径級ごとに集計した本数と表示値(換算値)を表示する。
(9)表示値(換算値)を登録し、撮影した木には直接表示値(換算値)を記載する。表示値の処理は、14cm以下は1cm刻み、例えば9cm~9.9cmは「9cm」の径級で、また14cmを超えるものは2cm刻み、例えば14cm~15.9cmは「14cm」の径級で、自動換算される。
(10)読み取り装置で顧客先ファイル別に所定の集計及び計算を自動的に行い、登録する。
(11)顧客へ木材を納品する。
(12)顧客は、現品と電子記録を照合し、径級ごとに現品を仕分け保管し、階級ごとに作業指示をする。
このように、本発明は、伐採現場での径級作業を自動化することができ、集計したデータを顧客が電子ファイルで手軽に利用することができるものである。
The use of the measurement data will be described in (5) to (12) below.
(5) Transport the measured wood to the loading location on the truck and upload the measurement data of the captured image to a dedicated cloud server.
(6) For each truck loading work, the numerical value (measured value) written on the cross section of the wood is read from the cloud, the measured value is read and the data is accumulated in the device, the displayed value (measured value) is displayed for each truck loading work completion unit, and the truck is loaded. Compare with the actual product.
(7) At the same time as storing the measured value, the diameter class value is calculated on the reading device.
(8) Display the total number and display value (converted value) for each diameter class.
(9) Register the displayed value (converted value), and directly write the displayed value (converted value) on the photographed tree. The displayed value is processed in 1 cm increments for 14 cm or less, for example, 9 cm to 9.9 cm in diameter class of "9 cm", and for those exceeding 14 cm in 2 cm increments, for example, 14 cm to 15.9 cm in diameter class of "14 cm". , Automatically converted.
(10) The reading device automatically performs the predetermined aggregation and calculation for each customer file and registers it.
(11) Deliver wood to customers.
(12) The customer collates the actual product with the electronic record, sorts and stores the actual product for each diameter class, and gives work instructions for each class.
As described above, the present invention can automate the diameter-class work at the logging site, and the aggregated data can be easily used by the customer as an electronic file.
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