JP2021177726A - Imaging measurement method and device for measuring wood cut end face diameter - Google Patents
Imaging measurement method and device for measuring wood cut end face diameter Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、伐採現場で伐採した木材の直径を撮像計測し、径級表示を換算して計測データとして保存利用することができる木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for imaging and measuring the diameter of a cut end face of wood, which can image and measure the diameter of wood cut at a logging site, convert the diameter classification display, and store and use it as measurement data.
林業伐採現場では、伐採した木材を１本ずつ切断円形端面から見て最小値となる個所を巻き尺等で測定し、１４ｃｍ以下は１ｃｍ刻み、例えば９ｃｍ〜９．９ｃｍは『９ｃｍ』の径級で、また１４ｃｍを超えるものは２ｃｍ刻み、例えば１４ｃｍ〜１５．９ｃｍは『１４ｃｍ』の径級で、計測データを記録用紙へ記載すると共に計測した木材の切断円形端面にも直接記入する。
前記計測データは、各社指定の納品書に径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値(材積)を記録し、顧客へ木材と納品書をセットで渡す。
顧客は、現品木材と納品書の計測データを照合し、径級ごとに現品木材を仕分けし保管し、径級ごとに作業指示をする。
At the forestry logging site, the cut wood is cut one by one, and the minimum value when viewed from the circular end face is measured with a winding scale, etc., and 14 cm or less is in 1 cm increments, for example, 9 cm to 9.9 cm is in the "9 cm" diameter class. For those over 14 cm, in 2 cm increments, for example, 14 cm to 15.9 cm is a diameter class of "14 cm", and the measurement data is recorded on the recording paper and directly entered on the cut circular end face of the measured wood.
For the measurement data, the number of pieces and the calculated value (volume) aggregated for each diameter class are recorded on the delivery note designated by each company, and the timber and the delivery note are delivered to the customer as a set.
The customer collates the actual wood with the measurement data on the delivery note, sorts and stores the actual wood for each diameter class, and gives work instructions for each diameter class.
従来、山林で木材資源を切り出し、木材製品とする木材の伐採及び造木作業を機械化するのに用いられるプロセッサ装置と、このようなプロセッサ装置を用いた木材の伐採造木方法が知られている(特許文献１を参照)。
この公知技術は、可動アームを備えた作業車に装備され、伐倒された木材を保持して所定長さ毎に切断するプロセッサ装置であって、前記可動アームの先端に配置される本体部と、該本体部に配置され、木材を把持する把持部と、該把持部で把持された木材を長さ方向に送る送り部と、該送り部の隣接端で木材を切断する切断部と、前記把持部で把持された木材のうち把持部の中心線に沿って把持部から延び出た部分を、把持部に隣接する部分から離れる方向へと木材の軸方向に沿って撮像する撮像装置と、前記作業車に配置され、前記撮像装置から送られる木材の撮像情報を受け取り表示する表示装置と、前記撮像装置から前記表示装置へと撮像情報を伝達する情報伝達手段とを備えるものである。
Conventionally, a processor device used for cutting out timber resources in a forest and mechanizing the logging and tree-building work of timber as a timber product, and a method for logging and felling wood using such a processor device are known. (See Patent Document 1).
This known technique is a processor device equipped on a work vehicle equipped with a movable arm, which holds the felled wood and cuts it by a predetermined length, and has a main body portion arranged at the tip of the movable arm. A grip portion that is arranged in the main body portion and grips the wood, a feed portion that feeds the wood gripped by the grip portion in the length direction, and a cutting portion that cuts the wood at an adjacent end of the feed portion. An image pickup device that captures images of the wood gripped by the grip portion extending from the grip portion along the center line of the grip portion in a direction away from the portion adjacent to the grip portion along the axial direction of the wood. It is provided with a display device arranged in the work vehicle and receiving and displaying image pickup information of wood sent from the image pickup device, and an information transmission means for transmitting the image pickup information from the image pickup device to the display device.
このように、前記の木材の伐採造木用のプロセッサ装置は、作業者の目視観察に加えて、別の方向からの撮像装置による撮像情報を基にして、木材の欠陥個所を検査することができるし、木材のうち、欠陥のない良好な部分のみを確実に切り取って、商品価値の高い木材製品を得ることができる。
一方、本発明は、伐採現場で伐採した木材の直径を撮像計測し、各社指定の納品書に径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値を記録した計測データを得て、顧客へ木材と納品書をセットで渡すことができる後工程の作業である。
As described above, the processor device for logging and logging of wood can inspect defective parts of wood based on the information captured by the image pickup device from another direction in addition to the visual observation of the operator. It is possible to obtain a wood product with high commercial value by surely cutting out only the good part of the wood without defects.
On the other hand, in the present invention, the diameter of the timber felled at the logging site is imaged and measured, and the number of timber and the calculated value recorded in the delivery note specified by each company are recorded, and the timber and the delivery note are given to the customer. It is a post-process work that can be passed as a set.
本発明は、伐採現場で伐採した木材の直径を撮像計測し、径級表示を換算して計測データとして保存利用することができる木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法及び装置を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide an imaging measurement method and an apparatus for cutting end face diameter of wood, which can image and measure the diameter of wood cut at a logging site, convert the diameter display and store and use it as measurement data. do.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法は、伐採した木材をＣＣＤカメラで１本ずつ断面を撮影し、撮像画像の輪郭から円形状を判断する画像処理を行い、前記画像処理された円形状から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求め、前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算し、径級ごとに集計した本数と表示値を記録するものである。 In the imaging measurement method of the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention, a cross section of the felled wood is photographed one by one with a CCD camera, image processing is performed to determine a circular shape from the contour of the captured image, and the image-processed circular shape is performed. The center of gravity is obtained from, the minimum value of the circular shape centered on the center of gravity is obtained, the diameter class value is calculated from the minimum value of the captured image, and the total number and display value for each diameter class are recorded.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測装置は、伐採した木材を１本ずつ切断円形端面を撮影する、データ処理機能とデータ送信機能が備わっているＣＣＤカメラと、撮像された画像から円形状を判断する画像処理装置と、前記撮像画像から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求める算出装置と、前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算する演算装置と、径級ごとに集計した本数と表示値を記録する記憶装置と、前記径級の計算結果を表示する表示装置と、を備えている。 The image pickup measuring device for the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention is a CCD camera equipped with a data processing function and a data transmission function for photographing the cut circular end face one by one, and forming a circular shape from the captured image. An image processing device for determination, a calculation device for obtaining the center of gravity from the captured image and a minimum value of a circular shape centered on the center of gravity, a calculation device for calculating a diameter class value from the minimum value of the captured image, and a diameter class. It is provided with a storage device for recording the total number and display values for each, and a display device for displaying the calculation result of the diameter class.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法及び装置は、木材切断端面直径を撮影するだけで径級を仕分けることができ、集計したデータを顧客が保存利用することができる。 The method and apparatus for imaging and measuring the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention can sort the diameter class only by photographing the diameter of the cut end face of wood, and the aggregated data can be stored and used by the customer.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測装置の一実施例を以下に説明する。
木材切断端面直径の撮像計測装置は、伐採した木材を１本ずつ切断円形端面を撮影する、データ処理機能とデータ送信機能が備わっているＣＣＤカメラと、該ＣＣＤカメラにより撮像された画像から円形状を判断する画像処理装置と、前記撮像画像から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求める算出装置と、前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算する演算装置と、径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値を記録する記憶装置と、前記径級の計算結果を表示する表示装置と、を備えている。
An embodiment of the image pickup measuring device for the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention will be described below.
The image pickup measuring device for the diameter of the cut end face of wood is a CCD camera equipped with a data processing function and a data transmission function that cuts the felled wood one by one and photographs the circular end face, and a circular shape from the image captured by the CCD camera. An image processing device for determining the diameter, a calculation device for obtaining the center of gravity from the captured image and a minimum value of a circular shape centered on the center of gravity, a calculation device for calculating a diameter class value from the minimum value of the captured image, and a diameter. It is provided with a storage device for recording the number and calculated values aggregated for each class, and a display device for displaying the calculation result of the diameter class.
前記ＣＣＤカメラは、ハンディータイプの持ち運び可能な撮影機器であり、携帯電話のカメラ機能で代用することもでき、内部にデータ処理機能とデータ送信機能が備わっている。
一定距離離れた地点から木材の切断円形端部を撮影し、その画像を撮影機器内部で径級換算したデータを離れた地点のパソコン等の電子機器へ転送する。
The CCD camera is a handy type portable shooting device, which can be substituted with the camera function of a mobile phone, and has a data processing function and a data transmission function internally.
A cut circular end of wood is photographed from a certain distance away, and the image is transferred to an electronic device such as a personal computer at the remote point by converting the image into a diameter class inside the photographing device.
前記画像処理装置は、ＣＣＤカメラにより撮像された撮像画像の輪郭から円形状を判断する画像処理を行う。
前記算出装置は、前記画像処理装置により画像処理された円形状から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求める。
The image processing device performs image processing for determining a circular shape from the contour of an image captured by a CCD camera.
The calculation device obtains the center of gravity from the circular shape image-processed by the image processing device, and obtains the minimum value of the circular shape centered on the center of gravity.
前記演算装置は、前記算出装置により前記撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算する。
前記記憶装置は、前記演算装置から送られてきた演算結果を径級ごとに集計した本数と計算値を記録する。
前記表示装置はＣＲＴやモニター画面であり、前記径級の計算結果を表示する。
The arithmetic unit calculates a diameter class value from the minimum value of the captured image by the arithmetic unit.
The storage device records the number and the calculated value obtained by totaling the calculation results sent from the calculation device for each diameter class.
The display device is a CRT or a monitor screen, and displays the calculation result of the diameter class.
本発明の木材切断端面直径の撮像計測方法の操作動作を図１の（１）〜（６）に説明する。
（１）山林で伐採した木材を平坦な空き地の伐採現場に山積みで並べ、伐採した木材をＣＣＤカメラで１本ずつ断面を撮影する。
（２）ＣＣＤカメラにより撮影された撮像画像の輪郭から円形状を判断する画像処理を行う。
（３）画像処理された円形状から重心を求め、重心を中心とした円形状の最小値を求める。
（４）撮像画像の最小値から径級値を演算する。
（５）径級ごとに集計した本数と表示値(換算値)を表示する。
（６）表示値(換算値)を登録し、撮影した木には直接表示値(換算値)を記載する。表示値(換算値)の処理は、１４ｃｍ以下は１ｃｍ刻み、例えば９ｃｍ〜９．９ｃｍは「９ｃｍ」の径級で、また１４ｃｍを超えるものは２ｃｍ刻み、例えば１４ｃｍ〜１５．９ｃｍは「１４ｃｍ」の径級で、自動換算される。
The operation operation of the imaging measurement method of the diameter of the cut end face of wood of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (1) to (6).
(1) The timber felled in the forest is lined up in piles at the logging site in a flat vacant lot, and the felled timber is photographed one by one with a CCD camera.
(2) Image processing is performed to determine the circular shape from the contour of the captured image taken by the CCD camera.
(3) The center of gravity is obtained from the image-processed circular shape, and the minimum value of the circular shape centered on the center of gravity is obtained.
(4) The diameter class value is calculated from the minimum value of the captured image.
(5) Display the total number and display value (converted value) for each diameter class.
(6) Register the displayed value (converted value), and directly write the displayed value (converted value) on the photographed tree. The display value (converted value) is processed in 1 cm increments for 14 cm or less, for example, 9 cm to 9.9 cm in diameter class of "9 cm", and for those over 14 cm in 2 cm increments, for example, 14 cm to 15.9 cm is "14 cm". It is automatically converted by the diameter class of.
次に、前記計測データの利用を以下の（７）〜（１２）に説明する。
（７）トラックへの積み込み場所に測定した木材を運搬する。
（８）撮像計測装置に登録したデータをスマホ(専用アプリ)又はトラックに設置した集計機(専用機)に転送する。
（９）受信した機器で顧客先ファイル別に所定の集計及び計算を自動的に行い、登録する。
（１０）木材をトラックへ積載し、顧客に配送するまでに顧客に集計データを送信または納品時ＵＳＢメモリで渡す。
（１１）顧客へ木材を納品する。
（１２）顧客は、現品と電子記録を照合し、径級ごとに現品を仕分け保管し、階級ごとに作業指示をする。
このように、本発明は、伐採現場での径級作業を自動化することができ、集計したデータを顧客が電子ファイルで手軽に利用することができるものである。
Next, the use of the measurement data will be described in (7) to (12) below.
(7) Transport the measured timber to the loading location on the truck.
(8) Transfer the data registered in the imaging measurement device to a smartphone (dedicated application) or a counting machine (dedicated machine) installed on the truck.
(9) The received device automatically performs the predetermined aggregation and calculation for each customer file and registers it.
(10) The timber is loaded on a truck, and the aggregated data is transmitted to the customer or passed by the USB memory at the time of delivery before being delivered to the customer.
(11) Deliver wood to customers.
(12) The customer collates the actual product with the electronic record, sorts and stores the actual product for each diameter class, and gives work instructions for each class.
As described above, the present invention can automate the diameter-class work at the logging site, and the aggregated data can be easily used by the customer as an electronic file.
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