JP2022039899A - Slope land weed proof construction method - Google Patents
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、法面又は斜面等の傾斜地に防草基盤層を造成することによって植物の発芽生育や自然侵入を防止することを目的とする防草工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a weed control method for the purpose of preventing germination and growth of plants and natural invasion by creating a weed control base layer on a slope or a slope such as a slope.
植物の発芽生育や繁茂を防止する方法として、草刈機による定期的な除草管理のほか、防草剤や除草剤の散布、防草シートやマルチング材による被覆などをあげることができる。
マルチング材としては、木質チップで地表をマルチングする方法が知られている（特許文献１）。木質チップは、建設現場や地域で発生する伐採材、間伐材、除伐材、伐根材、剪定枝、建築廃材などを有効利用できることから、公園緑地や中央分離帯をはじめとする施設で広く活用されている。
As a method for preventing germination and growth of plants, regular weed control using a mower, spraying of herbicides and herbicides, and covering with a weed-proof sheet or mulching material can be mentioned.
As a mulching material, a method of mulching the ground surface with wood chips is known (Patent Document 1). Wood chips can be effectively used for logging, thinning, logging, rooting, pruned branches, construction waste, etc. generated at construction sites and areas, so they are widely used in facilities such as park green areas and central separation zones. It is being utilized.
こうしたマルチング工法における木質チップの移動（風などによる移動）を防止する方法としては、敷設したマルチングをネットで被覆する対策のほか、敷設したマルチング材を転圧した上でアクリル樹脂を散布して固定化する方法（特許文献２）などが開示されている。また、マルチング材を用いない方法としては、施工地にセメントと骨材を添加して粒体を製造し、表面にバインダーをコーティングした資材を敷設して転圧する方法（特許文献３）、石炭灰にセメントを混ぜた資材を敷設して転圧する方法（特許文献４）などが開示されている。さらに、防草資材を吹付により施工する方法として、無機質繊維（ロックウール）とセメントを混合して吹付ける方法（特許文献５）、多孔質無機質資材（火山灰など）、乾燥植物資材（木質チップなど）、固化反応物質（セメントなど）、固化反応促進物質（アルミン酸カルシウムなど）に水を混合して吹付ける方法（特許文献６）などが開示されている。 As a method to prevent the movement of wood chips (movement due to wind etc.) in such a mulching method, in addition to measures to cover the laid mulching with a net, the laid mulching material is rolled and then sprayed with acrylic resin to fix it. A method of mulching (Patent Document 2) and the like are disclosed. Further, as a method using no multing material, a method of adding cement and aggregate to the construction site to produce granules, laying a material coated with a binder on the surface and rolling the material (Patent Document 3), and coal ash. A method of laying a material mixed with cement and rolling it (Patent Document 4) is disclosed. Further, as a method of spraying the weed-proof material, a method of mixing and spraying an inorganic fiber (rock wool) and cement (Patent Document 5), a porous inorganic material (volcanic ash, etc.), a dried plant material (wood chip, etc.) ), A solidification reaction substance (cement, etc.), a method of mixing and spraying water with a solidification reaction promoting substance (calcium aluminate, etc.) (Patent Document 6) and the like are disclosed.
しかし、これらの背景技術を平地ではなく法面又は斜面等の傾斜地に適用した場合、次のような問題が生じることから適用は困難であった。
１）草刈機による定期的な除草管理は、立地条件的に自走式草刈機が導入できないため、作業は人力に頼らざるを得なく、肩掛式の草刈機による作業は、施工性、経済性、安全性の面から、施工対象地の面積が大きくなるほど適用は難しい。
２）防草シートは、施工後に景観的な違和感が生じるほか、防草シートの破損や太陽光による劣化により防草効果が持続しないことに加え、多くの防草シートは耐久性を持たせるために合成樹脂繊維や不織布が使用されているため、破損や経年劣化により細分化された合成樹脂が雨水や流下水などとともに河川を通じて海に流入し、マイクロプラスチックによる生態系への悪影響を及ぼすことにつながる。
３）マルチング材による被覆は、傾斜地ではマルチング材が物理的に上方から下方へ移動しやすく、移動防止のためにネットで被覆する場合も、急勾配になるとマルチング材を自立させることが困難になることから適用可能な勾配には限界がある。また、ネットが破損した場合にはマルチング材が傾斜地から落下して、その下部にある施設や利用者に悪影響を与える問題がある。さらに、前述した防草シートと同様な景観的問題や、合成樹脂の破損や劣化による環境保全上の問題も有する。
４）特許文献１、特許文献２、及び特許文献３記載の方法は、転圧工程を含むため、自走式転圧機械の導入が難しい傾斜地での適用は困難である。
５）特許文献４に記載の無機質繊維を吹付ける方法は、無機質繊維が材料攪拌時や吹付施工時に風で飛散しやすく、周辺住民の生活環境や吹付作業員に悪影響を与えるなどの問題を有する。
６）特許文献５の方法は、乾燥させた木質チップを用いる必要があるが、一般に法面や斜面等の傾斜地で使用されるマルチング材は、伐採材、伐竹材、伐根材などに代表される生木を現場で粉砕したものが用いられるため、施工に先立ってチップ材を乾燥させるための乾燥機の導入や、雨に当たらないようにするための屋根付きの資材置き場の設置などが必要となることから、実用的な方法にはなり得ない問題を有する。
However, when these background technologies are applied not to flat ground but to slopes or slopes, it is difficult to apply them because the following problems occur.
1) For regular weeding management using a mower, since a self-propelled mower cannot be introduced due to location conditions, the work must rely on human power, and the work using a shoulder-mounted mower is workable and economical. From the viewpoint of safety, the larger the area of the construction target area, the more difficult it is to apply.
2) The weed-proof sheet gives a sense of discomfort after construction, and the weed-proof effect does not last due to damage to the weed-proof sheet or deterioration due to sunlight. In addition, many weed-proof sheets have durability. Because synthetic resin fibers and non-woven fabrics are used in Japan, synthetic resins that have been subdivided due to damage or deterioration over time flow into the sea through rivers along with rainwater and runoff water, which has an adverse effect on the ecosystem due to microplastics. Connect.
3) Covering with mulching material makes it easy for the mulching material to physically move from above to below on slopes, and even when covering with a net to prevent movement, it becomes difficult for the mulching material to stand on its own when the slope is steep. Therefore, there is a limit to the applicable gradient. Further, if the net is damaged, the mulching material may fall from the slope and adversely affect the facilities and users under the mulching material. Further, it has the same landscape problems as the above-mentioned weed-proof sheet and environmental protection problems due to damage or deterioration of the synthetic resin.
4) Since the methods described in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and
5) The method of spraying the inorganic fiber described in Patent Document 4 has a problem that the inorganic fiber is easily scattered by the wind when the material is agitated or sprayed, which adversely affects the living environment of the surrounding residents and the spraying worker. ..
6) The method of Patent Document 5 needs to use dried wood chips, but the mulching material generally used on slopes such as slopes and slopes is represented by logging materials, bamboo materials, root materials and the like. Since raw wood crushed on site is used, it is necessary to install a dryer to dry the chip material prior to construction and to install a covered material storage area to prevent it from being exposed to rain. Therefore, there is a problem that it cannot be a practical method.
上記の諸問題を解決するために、本発明は、上記の諸問題を生じない防草基材を用いて、これを法面等の傾斜地に積層撒布して防草基盤層を造成することによって植物の発芽生育を防止する防草工法を提供することを目的とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses a weed-proof base material that does not cause the above-mentioned problems and sprinkles it on a slope such as a slope to form a weed-proof base layer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a weed control method for preventing germination and growth of plants.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は、以下の構成を提供する。
本発明の態様は、傾斜地に防草基盤層を造成して植物の発芽生育を防止する防草工法であって、主材料の木質チップと、少なくともセメント、粉末状粘土鉱物、及び水とを混合して防草基材を調製し、前記防草基材を積層散布することによって前記防草基盤層を造成することを特徴とする。
本発明の別の態様は、傾斜地に防草基盤層を造成して植物の発芽生育を防止する防草工法であって、主材料の木質チップと、少なくともセメント及び粉末状粘土鉱物とを混合して無水状態の防草基材を調製し、前記無水状態の防草基材に対し、積層散布する直前に水を混合して防草基材を調製した後、前記防草基材を積層散布することによって前記防草基盤層を造成することを特徴とする。
上記態様において、前記防草基材又は前記無水状態の防草基材の調製において、顆粒状鉱物資材及び／又は短繊維材をさらに混合することが、好適である。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following configurations.
An aspect of the present invention is a weed-proofing method for forming a weed-proof base layer on a slope to prevent the germination and growth of plants, in which wood chips, which are the main material, are mixed with at least cement, powdered clay minerals, and water. Then, the weed-proof base material is prepared, and the weed-proof base material is laminated and sprayed to form the weed-proof base layer.
Another aspect of the present invention is a weed control method for forming a weed control base layer on a sloping land to prevent the germination and growth of plants, in which wood chips, which are the main material, and at least cement and powdered clay minerals are mixed. The weed-proof base material in an anhydrous state is prepared, and water is mixed with the weed-proof base material in an anhydrous state immediately before spraying to prepare a weed-proof base material, and then the weed-proof base material is laminated and sprayed. It is characterized in that the weed-proof base layer is formed by the above-mentioned.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable to further mix the granular mineral material and / or the staple fiber material in the preparation of the weed-proof base material or the anhydrous state of the weed-proof base material.
本発明の効果は次のとおりである。
１）傾斜地に対し、木質チップを主材料としかつ少なくともセメント及び粉末状粘土鉱物を含む防草基材を、水を含む状態で積層散布することで、転圧作業やネットによる固定作業を伴うことなく防草基盤層を造成することができるので、傾斜地における施工性の向上と、安全性の確保が期待できる。
２）乾燥した木質チップから湿った木質チップまで、使用資材の状態を問わずに使用することができることから、施工の効率性と、経済性の向上が期待できる。
３）天然資材及び鉱物資材からなる防草基材を積層撒布して造成された防草基盤層は、太陽光（紫外線）による劣化が生じないため、防草効果が長期間持続するとともに、化学物質が流亡して環境に悪影響を与える心配がない。
４）木質チップの資材である木質廃材の多くは産業廃棄物として処分されているが、防草基盤層の造成のために有効活用することにより、地域環境や地球環境の保全に寄与する。
The effects of the present invention are as follows.
1) Rolling work and fixing work with a net are required by laminating and spraying a weed-proof base material containing wood chips as the main material and at least cement and powdered clay minerals on slopes in a state of containing water. Since it is possible to create a weed-proof base layer without any problems, it is expected that workability will be improved and safety will be ensured on slopes.
2) Since it can be used regardless of the condition of the materials used, from dried wood chips to wet wood chips, improvement in construction efficiency and economic efficiency can be expected.
3) The weed-proof base layer created by laminating and sprinkling a weed-proof base material made of natural materials and mineral materials does not deteriorate due to sunlight (ultraviolet rays), so the weed-proof effect lasts for a long period of time and is chemical. There is no concern that substances will be washed away and adversely affect the environment.
4) Most of the wood waste, which is the material for wood chips, is disposed of as industrial waste, but by effectively utilizing it for the creation of the weed control base layer, it contributes to the conservation of the local environment and the global environment.
以下、実施例を示した図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を説明する。
本発明では、防草基盤層が、防草基材を積層散布することにより造成される。防草基材は、主材料が木質チップであり、これに加え、少なくともセメント及び粉末状粘土鉱物と、水とを含む。防草基材は、機械又は人力で積層撒布する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing examples.
In the present invention, the weed-proof base layer is created by laminating and spraying the weed-proof base material. The main material of the weed-proof base material is wood chips, and in addition to this, it contains at least cement and powdered clay minerals and water. The weed-proof base material is laminated and sprayed mechanically or manually.
防草基材の調製における水の混合に関して２つの方法がある。第１の方法は、防草基材を構成する水以外の諸材料を混合攪拌する際に水も一緒に混合撹拌して防草基材を調製する方法（本発明の第１の態様）である。第２の方法は、防草基材を構成する水以外の諸材料を先ず混合攪拌して無水状態の防草基材を調製し、その後、積層撒布を行う直前に無水状態の防草基材に対し水を混合して防草基材を調製する方法（本発明の第２の態様）である。ここで、「無水状態」とは、防草基材の配合材料の１つとしての水を含まない状態をいう。無水状体の防草基材においても、水以外の諸材料、例えば木質チップなどが元々含む水分（付着した雨水等）は当然に含まれる。 There are two methods for mixing water in the preparation of weed control substrates. The first method is a method of preparing a weed-proof base material by mixing and stirring water together with water when various materials other than water constituting the weed-proof base material are mixed and stirred (the first aspect of the present invention). be. In the second method, various materials other than water constituting the weed-proof base material are first mixed and stirred to prepare an anhydrous weed-proof base material, and then immediately before laminating and spraying, the anhydrous weed-proof base material is prepared. This is a method of preparing a weed-proof base material by mixing water with respect to the above (second aspect of the present invention). Here, the "anhydrous state" means a state in which water is not contained as one of the compounding materials of the weed-proof base material. Even in the anhydrous weed-proof base material, various materials other than water, for example, water originally contained in wood chips and the like (adhered rainwater, etc.) are naturally contained.
なお、ここで積層撒布とは、木質チップを主材料とする防草基材を、圧密された状態（空隙がない状態）や、撒き散らした状態（点在状態）ではなく、連結した状態でかつ所定の位置に十分な空隙が確保された状態（おこしのような状態）で、５ｃｍ厚さ以上の層状に積層するように撒布（撒き出し）することをいう。造成された防草基盤層内の空隙は、実質的には木質チップ間の空隙である。 Here, the laminated sprinkling is a state in which weed-proof base materials mainly made of wood chips are connected, not in a compacted state (no voids) or in a scattered state (spotted state). In addition, it means to sprinkle (sprinkle) so as to stack in a layer with a thickness of 5 cm or more in a state where sufficient voids are secured at a predetermined position (a state like a sashimi). The voids in the created weed control base layer are substantially voids between wood chips.
第１の態様は、例えば、木質チップと、セメント、粉末状粘土鉱物、及び水とを混合した防草基材を、管路圧送などの手段を介して積層撒布する方法である。この方法は、水を含むすべての材料を混合攪拌して圧送して積層撒布できるので、最も効率的な施工法であるが、加水した材料を圧送するため吹付機内部にセメントや粉末状粘土鉱物の細粒が徐々に付着して固化しやすいため、状況に応じて定期的な機械清掃を行う必要が生じる場合がある。 The first aspect is, for example, a method of laminating and sprinkling a weed-proof base material, which is a mixture of wood chips, cement, powdered clay minerals, and water, via means such as pipe pumping. This method is the most efficient construction method because all materials including water can be mixed, stirred and pumped and sprayed in a laminated manner. Since the fine particles of clay gradually adhere and solidify, it may be necessary to perform regular machine cleaning depending on the situation.
第２の態様は、例えば、木質チップと、セメント及び粉末状粘土鉱物とを混合した無水状態の防草基材を管路圧送などの手段を介して搬送し、積層撒布する直前に水を混合して防草基材を形成し、それを積層撒布する方法である。この方法は、例えば、無水材料を管路圧送する場合にノズル先やノズルの手前で水を配合する施工法に該当する。この方法は、水を別経路で圧送して吹付けるため、第１の態様で発生する、吹付機内部にセメントや粉末状粘土鉱物の細粒が徐々に付着して固化しやすいという現象の発生を防止することができる。しかし、その反面、材料攪拌時に粉塵が発生しやすいため、状況に応じて防塵対策を必要とする場合がある。 In the second aspect, for example, an anhydrous weed-proof base material, which is a mixture of wood chips and cement and powdered clay mineral, is conveyed via a means such as pipe pumping, and water is mixed immediately before laminating and spraying. This is a method of forming a weed-proof base material and laminating and spraying it. This method corresponds to, for example, a construction method in which water is mixed at the tip of a nozzle or in front of a nozzle when an anhydrous material is pressure-fed through a pipeline. In this method, water is pumped by another route and sprayed, so that the phenomenon that fine particles of cement or powdered clay mineral gradually adhere to the inside of the sprayer and easily solidify occurs in the first aspect. Can be prevented. However, on the other hand, dust is likely to be generated when the material is agitated, so dustproof measures may be required depending on the situation.
さらに本発明の第３の態様は、第１の態様の防草基材又は第２の態様の無水状態の防草基材に対し、さらに顆粒状鉱物資材と短繊維材を配合したものである。これらの資材は、特に施工対象となる傾斜地の勾配が急である場合など、積層撒布して造成される防草基盤層の強度を高める必要がある場合に配合することにより効果を発揮する。 Further, the third aspect of the present invention is obtained by further blending a granular mineral material and a staple fiber material with the weed-proof base material of the first aspect or the anhydrous weed-proof base material of the second aspect. .. These materials are effective when it is necessary to increase the strength of the weed-proof base layer formed by laminating and sprinkling, especially when the slope of the slope to be constructed is steep.
なお、顆粒状鉱物資材と短繊維材は、必要に応じて、いずれか一方又は双方を防草基材に含めることができる。その場合、第１の態様では、これらの資材を他の防草基材の諸材料と共に混合撹拌して防草基材を調製する。第２の態様では、これらの資材を水以外の他の防草基材の諸材料と共に混合撹拌して無水状態の防草基材を調製する。 In addition, either one or both of the granular mineral material and the staple fiber material can be included in the weed-proof base material, if necessary. In that case, in the first aspect, these materials are mixed and stirred together with various materials of the other weed-proof base material to prepare the weed-proof base material. In the second aspect, these materials are mixed and stirred together with various materials of the weed-proof base material other than water to prepare an anhydrous weed-proof base material.
１）防草基材の積層撒布方法
機械による積層撒布方法としては、圧縮空気で圧送するモルタル・コンクリート吹付機（湿式吹付機）、ロータリー式吹付機（耐圧容器を有しない乾式吹付機）、負圧を利用した空気搬送機、高速コンベアなどを用いることができる。本発明の防草基材は、いずれの方法を採用しても施工することができるが、使用機械により積層撒布する上で得失がある。
1) Laminated spraying method of weed-proof base material As the laminated spraying method by machine, mortar / concrete sprayer (wet sprayer), rotary sprayer (dry sprayer without pressure resistant container), negative An air carrier using pressure, a high-speed conveyor, or the like can be used. The weed-proof base material of the present invention can be applied by any method, but there are advantages and disadvantages in laminating and spraying by the machine used.
モルタル・コンクリート吹付機は、防草基材を入れた耐圧容器を圧縮空気で加圧して管路圧送（ホース圧送）して吹付けるもので、法面の分野においてはモルタル吹付工、コンクリート吹付工、植生基材吹工などで広く使用されている。これらの工法では、いずれもモルタル・コンクリートや植生基材を管路圧送（ホース圧送）し、十分に圧密させるように吹き付ける必要があるため、高い圧力で吹き付けることができるモルタル・コンクリート吹付機は非常に適している。しかしながら、これを防草基材の積層撒布に使用した場合、圧縮空気の圧力調整を低い状態で調整・維持することが難しく、圧力を下げると圧力容器からの防草基材の吐出が困難になったり、圧送途中の管路内で防草基材が閉塞したりする問題が生じやすい。また、圧力を上げると防草基盤層が積層撒布された状態ではなく圧密吹付された状態（骨材に木質チップを使用したモルタル吹付工のような状態）になってしまうことに加え、主材料の木質チップが吹付時に施工面に付着せずにリバウンド（施工地に当たって跳ね返る現象）する材料ロスが多くなるという欠点がある。 The mortar / concrete sprayer pressurizes a pressure-resistant container containing a weed-proof base material with compressed air and blows it by pipe pressure feeding (hose pumping). In the field of slopes, mortar spraying work and concrete spraying work , Widely used in vegetation base material blowing. In all of these construction methods, mortar / concrete and vegetation base material must be pipe-fed (hose-consolidated) and sprayed so that they are sufficiently compacted. Suitable for. However, when this is used for laminated spraying of weed-proof base material, it is difficult to adjust and maintain the pressure adjustment of compressed air in a low state, and when the pressure is lowered, it becomes difficult to discharge the weed-proof base material from the pressure vessel. It is easy for the weed-proof base material to become blocked in the pipeline during pressure feeding. In addition, when the pressure is increased, the weed-proof base layer becomes a consolidated sprayed state (a state like a mortar sprayer using wood chips for aggregate) instead of a laminated sprayed state, and the main material. There is a drawback that the wood chips do not adhere to the construction surface at the time of spraying and rebound (a phenomenon of hitting the construction site and rebounding), resulting in a large amount of material loss.
空気搬送機は、工場などにおいて資材を管路搬送する場合に用いられるもので、比較的乾いた状態で、比重の軽い材料の搬送性に優れている。しかし、搬送材料が湿った状態だと搬送効率が大きく悪化する。防草基材のように比重の異なる複数の材料を混合した搬送材料を搬送すると、搬送途中で防草基材の分離が生じ、均一な状態に混合攪拌した防草基材を分離させずに圧送して積層撒布することが難しい。また、特定の散布位置に照準を合わせて施工することができず、防草基材を積層撒布するというより撒き散らした状態になってしまうため、所定の位置に所定の厚さの防草基盤層を造成することが難しいという欠点がある。 The air carrier is used when transporting materials by pipeline in factories and the like, and is excellent in transportability of materials having a light specific density in a relatively dry state. However, if the transported material is in a damp state, the transport efficiency is greatly deteriorated. When a transport material in which a plurality of materials having different specific densities are mixed, such as a weed-proof base material, is transported, the weed-proof base material is separated during the transport, and the weed-proof base material mixed and stirred in a uniform state is not separated. It is difficult to pump and spread in layers. In addition, it is not possible to aim at a specific spraying position, and the grass-proof base material is scattered rather than laminated, so the grass-proof base with a predetermined thickness is placed at a predetermined position. It has the disadvantage that it is difficult to create layers.
高速コンベアは、材料を管路圧送せずに、高速で回転するベルトコンベアを用いて積層撒布するもので、防草基材の乾湿にかかわらず効率的な積層撒布が可能であるが、防草基材の長距離搬送が困難であるため、調製した防草基材を施工箇所近くまで小運搬したり、防草基材を積層撒布したりする装置をバックホウなどのアタッチメントを変えるなどして重機に取付けて施工しなければならないことから、施工範囲がかなり限定されてしまう欠点がある。 The high-speed conveyor uses a belt conveyor that rotates at high speed to spread the material without pumping the material, and it is possible to efficiently spread the material regardless of the dryness and humidity of the weed-proof base material. Since it is difficult to transport the base material over a long distance, heavy equipment such as small transportation of the prepared weed-proof base material to the vicinity of the construction site or changing the attachment such as a backhoe for the device for laminating and spraying the weed-proof base material. There is a drawback that the construction range is considerably limited because it must be installed on the site.
これらの積層撒布方法に対して、ロータリー式吹付機は、モルタル・コンクリート吹付機のように耐圧容器を有しないことから、防草基材の圧送を空気圧縮機の圧力ではなく風量で制御が可能であり、管路による長距離圧送も可能なことから、現場の立地条件に左右されることなく所定の位置に所定の厚さの防草基材を積層撒布できる。また、施工時のリバウンドによるロスをほとんど生じることなく積層撒布できることから、本発明の防草基材の積層撒布用機械として最も好適である。 In contrast to these laminated spraying methods, the rotary sprayer does not have a pressure-resistant container like the mortar / concrete sprayer, so the pressure feeding of the weed-proof base material can be controlled by the air volume instead of the pressure of the air compressor. Therefore, since long-distance pumping via a pipeline is possible, a weed-proof base material having a predetermined thickness can be laminated and sprayed at a predetermined position without being affected by the location conditions of the site. In addition, it is most suitable as the machine for laminating and sprinkling the weed-proof base material of the present invention because it can be laminated and sprinkled with almost no loss due to rebound during construction.
なお、ロータリー式吹付機を使用して防草基材を管路圧送して積層撒布する際の好適な風量は、これまでに施工した結果５～１５ｍ３／ｍｉｎであり、さらに好適には７～９ｍ３／ｍｉｎである。 The optimum air volume for laminating and spraying the weed-proof base material by pipe pressure feeding using a rotary sprayer is 5 to 15 m 3 / min as a result of the construction so far, and more preferably 7. ~ 9m 3 / min.
２）木質チップ
本発明で用いる防草基材は、木質チップを主材料とする。その理由は、建設現場では伐採材や伐根材の処理を要する場合が多く、さらに地域において間伐材や除伐材などの有効利用や、施設管理で発生する剪定材や質廃材の有効活用が求められているからである。また、こうした天然資源を有効活用することは、地域環境や地球環境保全という観点からも求められている。これら木質廃材を粉砕した木質チップは天然資材であり、防草基盤層として道路法面や畦畔などに活用した場合でも最終的には微生物により分解されるため、化学物質が残留する心配がない。また、本発明では、木質チップが乾燥していても、雨曝状態で湿っていても、問題なく使用することができる。
2) Wood chips The weed-proof base material used in the present invention is mainly made of wood chips. The reason is that it is often necessary to process felled lumber and rooted lumber at construction sites, and effective use of thinned lumber and logging lumber in the area, and effective utilization of pruned lumber and waste wood generated in facility management. This is because it is required. In addition, effective utilization of these natural resources is also required from the viewpoint of regional environment and global environmental conservation. Wood chips made by crushing these wood wastes are natural materials, and even if they are used as a grass-proof base layer on road slopes or ridges, they are eventually decomposed by microorganisms, so there is no concern that chemical substances will remain. .. Further, in the present invention, even if the wood chips are dry or wet in a rainy state, they can be used without any problem.
木質チップのサイズについて検討した結果、３～５０ｍｍの範囲において所定の防草効果が発揮されることができる。しかしながら、木質チップのサイズが大きくなると材料圧送撒き出し施工時に圧送ホース内で防草基材が閉塞する頻度が高くなるため、少なくとも４０ｍｍアンダーとすることが望ましい。ここで、木質チップのサイズは、篩目のサイズである。なお、木質チップの場合、縦長形状のチップが篩を縦に通過して篩目よりも長いものが混入する場合がある。 As a result of examining the size of the wood chips, a predetermined weed control effect can be exhibited in the range of 3 to 50 mm. However, as the size of the wood chips increases, the weed-proof base material frequently closes in the pressure-feeding hose during the material pressure-feeding construction, so it is desirable to make it at least 40 mm under. Here, the size of the wood chip is the size of the sieve mesh. In the case of wood chips, vertically elongated chips may pass through the sieve vertically and may be mixed with chips longer than the mesh.
ロータリー式吹付機を用いて、２５ｍｍアンダー、６～１０ｍｍ、３～６ｍｍに調整した木質チップを使用した防草基材の積層撒布検証試験を行った結果、いずれの木質チップを用いても積層撒布された状態の防草基盤層を造成することが可能であり、所定の防草効果が発揮されることを確認している。実際の施工においては、木質チップを現場で破砕して使用するケースが多いことを踏まえると、細かいサイズに調整するほど複数回の破砕を繰り返す必要があり、経費と時間を要して実用的とは言えないことから、管路圧送する制約を考慮すると、木質チップのサイズは２５～４０ｍｍアンダーが望ましく、ロータリー式吹付機を使用する場合は２５ｍｍアンダーが好適である。 As a result of conducting a verification test of laminated sprinkling of grass-proof base material using wood chips adjusted to 25 mm under, 6 to 10 mm, 3 to 6 mm using a rotary sprayer, laminated sprinkling was performed regardless of which wood chip was used. It has been confirmed that it is possible to create a weed-proof base layer in the state of being in a state of being, and that a predetermined weed-proof effect is exhibited. In actual construction, considering that wood chips are often crushed and used on site, it is necessary to repeat crushing multiple times as the size is adjusted to a finer size, which is costly and time-consuming and practical. Therefore, considering the restriction of pipe pumping, the size of the wood chip is preferably under 25 to 40 mm, and when using a rotary sprayer, it is preferably under 25 mm.
３）セメント
セメントは、防草基材の主材料である木質チップ同士を接合し、所定の位置に十分な空隙が確保された状態（おこしのような状態）の防草基盤層を傾斜地に造成するために配合される。積層撒布してセメントが固化した後の防草基盤層は、空隙が大きく乾燥しやすいことから雑草が発芽し難い。加えて、土壌硬度（山中式土壌硬度計）も３０ｍｍ以上に達する硬さを有することから、傾斜地における自立安定性も有している。防草基盤層の造成厚さは、少なくとも５ｃｍ、好適には８～１０ｃｍである。セメントで接合され、かつ乾燥しやすい防草基盤層は、物理的に植物の出芽や発芽を抑制し、さらに地山へ太陽光が届かなくなることによる出芽抑制効果により、高い防草効果が得られる。
3) Cement Cement is made by joining wood chips, which are the main material of the weed-proof base material, to create a weed-proof base layer on a slope with sufficient voids secured at predetermined positions (a state like a shaving). Formulated to do. After the cement is solidified by laminating and spraying, the weed-proof base layer has large voids and is easy to dry, so that weeds are difficult to germinate. In addition, since the soil hardness (Yamanaka type soil hardness tester) has a hardness of 30 mm or more, it also has self-sustaining stability on slopes. The thickness of the grass-proof base layer is at least 5 cm, preferably 8 to 10 cm. The weed-proof base layer, which is cemented and easily dried, physically suppresses the germination and germination of plants, and the germination-suppressing effect due to the fact that sunlight does not reach the ground provides a high weed control effect. ..
セメントは、ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、特殊セメントのいずれも使用できる。好適には、一般的な普通ポルトランドセメントであり、セメント配合量が多いほど接合力が増加するので防草効果も高まる。しかしながら、セメント量が多すぎると、防草基盤層というよりも、むしろ木質チップを骨材とするコンクリートに近くなることから、自然環境の中に位置する法面や畦畔などにおいては、景観的に周辺環境と調和させることが困難になる。 As the cement, any of Portland cement, mixed cement and special cement can be used. Preferably, it is a general ordinary Portland cement, and as the amount of cement blended increases, the bonding force increases, so that the weed control effect also increases. However, if the amount of cement is too large, it will be closer to concrete with wood chips as aggregate rather than a weed-proof base layer, so it is scenic on slopes and ridges located in the natural environment. It becomes difficult to harmonize with the surrounding environment.
図１は、防草基盤層に必要な所定の効果を有するセメント量を決定するための試験結果を示す。試験では、木質チップ１ｍ３に対する普通ポルトランドセメントの配合量を、３５０ｋｇ／ｍ３、２５０ｋｇ／ｍ３、１５０ｋｇ／ｍ３、１００ｋｇ／ｍ３とした場合の比較を行った。その結果、セメント配合量１５０ｋｇ／ｍ３以下では十分な防草効果が得られず、３５０ｋｇ／ｍ３では防草基盤層ではなくコンクリート構造物といえる状態となった。この結果から考えて、防草基材におけるセメント配合量は、１５０～３５０ｋｇ／ｍ３の範囲が望ましく、防草効果から判断すると１５０～２５０ｋｇ／ｍ３が好適であると判断された。 FIG. 1 shows the test results for determining the amount of cement having a predetermined effect required for the weed control base layer. In the test, comparison was made when the blending amount of ordinary Portland cement with respect to 1 m 3 of wood chips was 350 kg / m 3 , 250 kg / m 3 , 150 kg / m 3 , and 100 kg / m 3 . As a result, a sufficient weed control effect could not be obtained when the cement content was 150 kg / m 3 or less, and when the cement content was 350 kg / m 3 , it could be said that the structure was not a weed control base layer but a concrete structure. From this result, it was judged that the cement content in the weed-proof base material is preferably in the range of 150 to 350 kg / m3, and 150 to 250 kg / m3 is preferable from the viewpoint of the weed-proof effect.
４）粉末状粘土鉱物
木質チップを主材料とする防草基材を積層撒布する際、もともと木質チップは相互に絡み合う力が弱いので、傾斜地に施工すると、木質チップの多くは比重が軽いためにリバウンドしてしまう問題が生じる。リバウンドはセメント量が多くなるほど粘性が増加するので減少するが、３５０ｋｇ／ｍ３以下という貧配合では粘性が不十分なことから、リバウンドを防止する対策を講じる必要がある。この点について鋭意検討した結果、粉末状粘土鉱物を防草基材に配合することにより、積層撒布した防草基盤層の空隙を維持した状態のまま木質チップの粘性を増加させ、リバウンド発生を防止できることが確かめられた。
4) Powdered clay minerals When laminating and sprinkling weed-proof base materials mainly made of wood chips, the wood chips originally have a weak force to entangle with each other, so when installed on slopes, most of the wood chips have a light specific gravity. There is a problem of rebounding. Rebound decreases as the amount of cement increases because the viscosity increases, but since the viscosity is insufficient with a poor composition of 350 kg / m 3 or less, it is necessary to take measures to prevent rebound. As a result of diligent studies on this point, by blending powdered clay minerals into the weed-proof base material, the viscosity of the wood chips is increased while maintaining the voids of the weed-proof base layer sprinkled in layers, and rebound is prevented. It was confirmed that it could be done.
粉末状粘土鉱物は、増粘性を有するものであれば特に種類は問わないが、膨潤性を有するスメクタイトが望ましく、調達が容易で土木資材として広く活用されているベントナイトが好適である。 The powdery clay mineral may be of any type as long as it has a thickening viscosity, but smectite having a swelling property is desirable, and bentonite, which is easy to procure and is widely used as a civil engineering material, is preferable.
また、粉末状粘土鉱物の配合量について検討した結果、ベントナイト配合量を多くするほど粘性は増加するが、５０ｋｇ／ｍ３以上になると粘性が強くなりすぎて圧縮空気による圧送が困難となり、１０ｋｇ／ｍ３未満になるとほとんど増粘効果が得られないことが判明した。したがって、木質チップ１ｍ３に対するベントナイト配合量は、１０～５０ｋｇ／ｍ３が望ましく、２０～４０ｋｇ／ｍ３がさらに好適である。 In addition, as a result of examining the blending amount of powdered clay mineral, the viscosity increases as the blending amount of bentonite increases, but when the viscosity is 50 kg / m 3 or more, the viscosity becomes too strong and it becomes difficult to pump by compressed air, and 10 kg / m. It was found that the thickening effect was hardly obtained when the thickness was less than m3. Therefore, the amount of bentonite blended with respect to 1 m 3 of wood chips is preferably 10 to 50 kg / m 3 , and more preferably 20 to 40 kg / m 3 .
セメントと粉末状粘土鉱物の好適な配合量は、木質チップの大きさや状態に応じて変動する場合があるため、できる限り試験練りを行って施工性を考慮して決定することが望ましいが、２５ｍｍアンダーの木質チップを使用してロータリー式吹付機を用いて積層撒布する場合は、表１に示す実施例１の配合である、普通ポルトランドセメント２００ｋｇ／ｍ３、ベントナイト２０ｋｇ／ｍ３が好適であり、これまでの追跡調査で少なくとも３年間は防草効果を維持できることが確かめられている。
Since the suitable blending amount of cement and powdered clay mineral may vary depending on the size and condition of wood chips, it is desirable to perform test kneading as much as possible and determine it in consideration of workability, but 25 mm. When laminating and spraying using an underwood chip using a rotary sprayer, ordinary Portland cement 200 kg / m 3 and
５）顆粒状鉱物資材
顆粒状鉱物資材は、本発明では粒径１ｍｍ以上のものをいう。ここでの粒径は、篩目のサイズである。顆粒状鉱物資材は、所定の位置に十分な空隙が確保された状態（おこしのような状態）に造成される防草基盤層内の木質チップ間の空隙を密閉させることなく通気性を保った状態で充填する。それによって、防草基盤層の接合力と防草効果をさらに高めるために配合される。顆粒状鉱物資によって空隙が通気性を有する状態で適度に充填されることにより、地山から出芽する雑草を物理的に抑える効果が向上する。また、防草基盤層の硬さや強度も高まるので、施工地が急勾配である場合に有効である。
5) Granular mineral material In the present invention, the granular mineral material refers to a material having a particle size of 1 mm or more. The particle size here is the size of the mesh. The granular mineral material maintained its breathability without sealing the voids between the wood chips in the grass-proof base layer, which was created in a state where sufficient voids were secured at predetermined positions (a state like a sashimi). Fill in the state. Thereby, it is blended to further enhance the bonding force and the weed control effect of the weed control base layer. By appropriately filling the voids with the granular mineral material in a state of having air permeability, the effect of physically suppressing weeds sprouting from the ground is improved. In addition, the hardness and strength of the weed-proof base layer are also increased, which is effective when the construction site has a steep slope.
顆粒状鉱物質材は、バーミキュライト、パーライト、マレカナイト、ゼオライト、軽石、砕砂などが使用できる。一般的にはゼオライトが扱いやすく、鋭意検討した結果、ゼオライトのサイズは、２５ｍｍアンダーの木質チップの場合には０．８～６．３ｍｍが好適で、木質チップの空隙を適度に充填するためには、木質チップ１ｍ３に対して１００～３００ｋｇの配合が好適である。 As the granular mineral material, vermiculite, perlite, malecanite, zeolite, pumice stone, crushed sand and the like can be used. In general, zeolite is easy to handle, and as a result of diligent studies, the size of zeolite is preferably 0.8 to 6.3 mm in the case of wood chips under 25 mm, in order to appropriately fill the voids in the wood chips. It is preferable to mix 100 to 300 kg with respect to 1 m 3 of wood chips.
６）短繊維材
短繊維材は、繊維を長さ１０～３０ｍｍに切断したもので、椰子繊維に代表される天然繊維、再生セルロース繊維に代表される再生繊維、ポリ乳酸繊維に代表される生分解性樹脂繊維などが使用できる。椰子繊維は、短繊維の長さを調整することが難しいため、再生繊維又は生分解性樹脂繊維が好適である。さらに、繊維の貯蔵性を考慮すると再生繊維が望ましい。再生セルロース繊維を使用した場合は、木質材料１ｍ３に対して５～２０ｋｇが好適である。
6) Short fiber material Short fiber material is made by cutting fibers to a length of 10 to 30 mm, and is represented by natural fibers typified by coconut fibers, regenerated fibers typified by regenerated cellulose fibers, and raw typified by polylactic acid fibers. Degradable resin fibers and the like can be used. As the palm fiber, it is difficult to adjust the length of the short fiber, so that the regenerated fiber or the biodegradable resin fiber is suitable. Further, the recycled fiber is desirable in consideration of the storability of the fiber. When regenerated cellulose fiber is used, 5 to 20 kg is suitable for 1 m 3 of wood material.
表２に示す実施例２のように、急勾配の傾斜地では、木質チップ、セメント及び粉末状粘土鉱物に、さらに粒状鉱物質材及び生分解性短繊維を配合し、水を混合した防草基材を積層散布することにより、施工対象地に耐久性のある防草基盤層を造成できる。 As shown in Example 2 shown in Table 2, on steep slopes, wood chips, cement and powdered clay minerals are further mixed with granular mineral materials and biodegradable short fibers, and water is mixed with the weed control group. By laminating and spraying the materials, a durable weed-proof base layer can be created on the construction target site.
また、再生セルロース繊維を木質材料１ｍ３に対して１０ｋｇ以上配合した場合は、顆粒状粘土鉱物を配合した時と同様な、所定の位置に十分な空隙が確保された状態（おこしのような状態）に造成される防草基盤層内の木質チップ間の空隙を密閉させることなく、通気性を保った状態で充填することができる。これにより、表３に示す実施例３のように顆粒状鉱物資材を配合しなくても防草基盤層の接合力と防草効果を同等に高めることもできる。 In addition, when 10 kg or more of the regenerated cellulose fiber is blended with 1 m 3 of the wood material, a state in which sufficient voids are secured at a predetermined position (a state like a rice cake), which is the same as when the granular clay mineral is blended. ) Can be filled in a state of maintaining air permeability without sealing the gaps between the wood chips in the weed-proof base layer. Thereby, as in Example 3 shown in Table 3, the bonding strength and the weed control effect of the weed control base layer can be similarly enhanced without blending the granular mineral material.
なお、マイクロプラスチックによる環境問題を考慮しなければ、本発明の短繊維材としてビニロン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステルなどの化学繊維を用いても同様の効果が期待できる。また、施工対象地が平地や、それに近い状態の緩勾配である場合は、粉末状粘土鉱物を配合しなくてもチップ材同士の十分な接合が可能で、相応の防草効果が得られることはいうまでもない。 If the environmental problems caused by microplastics are not taken into consideration, the same effect can be expected even if chemical fibers such as vinylon, polypropylene, and polyester are used as the short fiber material of the present invention. In addition, when the construction target site is flat or has a gentle slope close to it, it is possible to sufficiently join the chip materials without blending powdered clay minerals, and a reasonable weed control effect can be obtained. Needless to say.
本発明による防草基盤層の造成は、傾斜地に直接防草基材を積層撒布することでなされるが、地山の凍上若しくは凍結、積雪、崩積土等のクリープが想定される場合は、あらかじめ金網張工を施工した上で、防草基材を積層撒布することで、施工後の立地条件の影響による物理的な損傷等を防止することができる。また、土質的に不安定な法面を防草したい場合は、たとえば法枠工の中詰工として防草基材を積層撒布することもできる。 The weed-proof base layer according to the present invention is created by laminating and sprinkling a weed-proof base material directly on a slope. It is possible to prevent physical damage due to the influence of the location conditions after the construction by laminating and sprinkling the weed-proof base material after constructing the wire netting work in advance. Further, when it is desired to prevent weeds on a slope that is unstable in terms of soil, for example, a weed-proof base material can be laminated and sprinkled as a filling work of a law frame work.
Claims (3)
主材料の木質チップと、少なくともセメント、粉末状粘土鉱物、及び水とを混合して防草基材を調製し、
前記防草基材を積層散布することによって前記防草基盤層を造成することを特徴とする防草工法。 It is a weed control method that prevents the germination and growth of plants by creating a weed control base layer on slopes.
The main material wood chips are mixed with at least cement, powdered clay minerals, and water to prepare a weed-proof base material.
A weed-proof construction method characterized in that the weed-proof base layer is created by laminating and spraying the weed-proof base material.
主材料の木質チップと、少なくともセメント及び粉末状粘土鉱物とを混合して無水状態の防草基材を調製し、
前記無水状態の防草基材に対し、積層散布する直前に水を混合して防草基材を調製した後、前記防草基材を積層散布することによって前記防草基盤層を造成することを特徴とする防草工法。 It is a weed control method that prevents the germination and growth of plants by creating a weed control base layer on slopes.
Wood chips, the main material, and at least cement and powdered clay minerals are mixed to prepare an anhydrous weed-proof base material.
The weed-proof base layer is prepared by mixing water with the anhydrous weed-proof base material immediately before laminating and spraying to prepare the weed-proof base material, and then laminating and spraying the weed-proof base material to create the weed-proof base layer. A weed-proof construction method characterized by.
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