JP2022025173A - 三次元造形装置、三次元造形物の製造方法および情報処理装置 - Google Patents
三次元造形装置、三次元造形物の製造方法および情報処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態における三次元造形装置100の概略構成を示す説明図である。図1には、互いに直交するX,Y,Z方向を示す矢印が示されている。X方向およびY方向は、水平面に平行な方向であり、Z方向は、重力方向とは反対の方向である。X,Y,Z方向を示す矢印は、他の図においても、図示の方向が図1と対応するように適宜、図示してある。以下の説明において、向きを特定する場合には、正の方向を「+」、負の方向を「-」として、方向表記に正負の符合を併用する。
上述した第1実施形態では、測定部80は、ノズル62の-X方向側に設けられている。これに対して、第2実施形態では、測定部80は、ノズル62を中心に回転可能に設けられている。
(C-1)上記実施形態では、測定部80は、吐出部60によって吐出された造形材料の温度を測定している。これに対して、測定部80は、吐出部60によって吐出された造形材料の線幅や吐出量を測定してもよい。線幅は、例えば、測定部80をレーザー変位センサーやイメージセンサーによって構成し、ノズルの進行方向に対して垂直な方向における造形材料の幅を検出することによって測定することができる。また、吐出量は、例えば、測定部80を非接触式の変位センサーとイメージセンサーとによって構成し、造形材料の高さと幅を検出してそれらを掛け合わせることで、測定することができる。
<熱可塑性樹脂材料の例>
ポリプロピレン樹脂(PP)、ポリエチレン樹脂(PE)、ポリアセタール樹脂(POM)、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂(PVC)、ポリアミド樹脂(PA)、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン樹脂(ABS)、ポリ乳酸樹脂(PLA)、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂(PPS)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、変性ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレートなどの汎用エンジニアリングプラスチック、ポリサルフォン、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリアリレート、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンなどのエンジニアリングプラスチック。
<金属材料の例>
マグネシウム(Mg)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)やクロム(Cr)、アルミニウム(Al)、チタン(Ti)、銅(Cu)、ニッケル(Ni)の単一の金属、もしくはこれらの金属を1つ以上含む合金。
<前記合金の例>
マルエージング鋼、ステンレス、コバルトクロムモリブデン、チタニウム合金、ニッケル合金、アルミニウム合金、コバルト合金、コバルトクロム合金。
<溶剤の例>
水;エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等の(ポリ)アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル類;酢酸エチル、酢酸n-プロピル、酢酸iso-プロピル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸iso-ブチル等の酢酸エステル類;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類;メチルエチルケトン、アセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、エチル-n-ブチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトン、アセチルアセトン等のケトン類;エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等のアルコール類;テトラアルキルアンモニウムアセテート類;ジメチルスルホキシド、ジエチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド系溶剤;ピリジン、γ-ピコリン、2,6-ルチジン等のピリジン系溶剤;テトラアルキルアンモニウムアセテート(例えば、テトラブチルアンモニウムアセテート等);ブチルカルビトールアセテート等のイオン液体等。
<バインダーの例>
アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、セルロース系樹脂或いはその他の合成樹脂又はPLA(ポリ乳酸)、PA(ポリアミド)、PPS(ポリフェニレンサルファイド)、PEEK(ポリエーテルエーテルケトン)或いはその他の熱可塑性樹脂。
本開示は、上述の実施形態に限られるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の構成で実現することができる。例えば、以下に記載する各形態中の技術的特徴に対応する実施形態の技術的特徴は、上述の課題の一部又は全部を解決するために、あるいは、上述の効果の一部又は全部を達成するために、適宜、差し替えや、組み合わせを行うことが可能である。また、その技術的特徴が本明細書中に必須なものとして説明されていなければ、適宜、削除することが可能である。
このような形態では、測定位置が移動する移動範囲が、造形材料がテーブル上に堆積される造形領域よりも広く、少なくとも移動範囲と造形領域とが重なる領域において測定部が測定値を測定する。そのため、造形領域に、測定が行われない領域が生じることを抑制できる。この結果、吐出部から造形材料が吐出される領域と、測定部によって測定値が測定される領域とに相違が生じることによって造形精度に影響を与える可能性を低減できる。
Claims (10)
- 層を積層して三次元造形物を造形する三次元造形装置であって、
造形材料をテーブルに向けて吐出する吐出部と、
前記吐出部の吐出位置から一定距離離れた測定位置において前記造形材料を測定する測定部と、
前記テーブルに対して前記吐出位置および前記測定位置を相対移動させる位置変更部と、
制御部と、を備え、
前記測定位置が移動する移動範囲は、前記造形材料が前記テーブル上に堆積される造形領域よりも広く、
前記制御部は、
少なくとも前記移動範囲と前記造形領域とが重なる領域において前記測定部に測定値の測定を行わせ、
前記吐出部および前記位置変更部を制御し、前記測定値に応じて前記三次元造形物を造形する、
三次元造形装置。 - 請求項1に記載の三次元造形装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記吐出位置の進行方向の後方に前記測定位置を移動させる、三次元造形装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載の三次元造形装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記移動範囲のうちの前記造形領域と重ならない範囲において、前記測定部による前記測定値の測定を停止させる、三次元造形装置。 - 請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載の三次元造形装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記吐出部によって前記造形材料が吐出されてから、吐出された前記造形材料を前記測定部により測定するまでの時間差に応じて、前記測定値を補正し、補正した前記測定値に応じて前記三次元造形物を造形する、三次元造形装置。 - 請求項1から4までのいずれか一項に記載の三次元造形装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記吐出位置と前記測定位置との距離に応じて、前記位置変更部による前記測定位置の移動を制御する、三次元造形装置。 - 請求項1から5までのいずれか一項に記載の三次元造形装置であって、
前記測定部は、前記吐出部によって吐出された前記造形材料の、温度、線幅、および、吐出量のうちの少なくとも一つを測定する、三次元造形装置。 - 請求項1から6までのいずれか一項に記載の三次元造形装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記測定値に応じて、前記造形材料の温度、前記造形材料の吐出量、および、前記吐出位置の移動速度の少なくとも一つを制御して、前記三次元造形物を造形する、三次元造形装置。 - 請求項1から7までのいずれか一項に記載の三次元造形装置であって、
材料の少なくとも一部を可塑化して前記造形材料とする可塑化部を備え、
前記可塑化部は、
回転軸を中心に回転し、溝が形成された溝形成面を有するスクリュー、および、前記溝形成面に対向する対向面を有し、前記造形材料が流出する連通孔が前記対向面に設けられたバレルを備える、
三次元造形装置。 - 造形材料をテーブルに向けて吐出する吐出部と、
前記吐出部の吐出位置から一定距離離れた測定位置において前記造形材料を測定する測定部と、
前記テーブルに対して前記吐出位置および前記測定位置を相対移動させる位置変更部と、
を備える三次元造形装置による三次元造形物の製造方法であって、
前記測定位置が移動する移動範囲は、前記造形材料が前記テーブル上に堆積される造形領域よりも広く、
少なくとも前記移動範囲と前記造形領域とが重なる領域において前記測定部に測定値の測定を行わせ、
前記吐出部および前記位置変更部を制御し、前記測定値に応じて前記三次元造形物を造形する、製造方法。 - 造形材料をテーブルに向けて吐出する吐出部と、
前記吐出部の吐出位置から一定距離離れた測定位置において前記造形材料を測定する測定部と、
前記テーブルに対して前記吐出位置および前記測定位置を相対移動させる位置変更部と、
を備える三次元造形装置が用いるデータを生成する情報処理装置であって、
前記測定位置が移動する移動範囲は、前記造形材料が前記テーブル上に堆積される造形領域よりも広く、
少なくとも前記移動範囲と前記造形領域とが重なる領域において前記測定部が測定値の測定が可能なように前記吐出位置の移動経路を表す造形データを生成するデータ生成部を備える、情報処理装置。
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