JP2021531990A - Polished articles including wear detection sensors - Google Patents

Abstract

The polished article may include a wear detection sensor that is embedded within the polishing body or extends along the outer surface of the polishing body. The wear detection sensor may include at least one conductive lead and be designed to produce one or more wear signals corresponding to the wear stages of the polishing body. The at least one conductive lead may be coupled to a logical device that controls the wear detection sensor and may register the wear signal (s).

Description

The following relates to a polished article, specifically, a polished article including a wear detection sensor.

Fixed-polishing articles can be used in a variety of material removal operations and are often subjected to long-term grinding processes, for example during the grinding of railroad tracks. It is important to observe the wear stage of the polishing body in order to optimize the grinding process and to determine the required replacement of the polished article, which requires time-consuming shutdowns. obtain. For example, track grinding can only be done during times when the train is not in operation. Since these time zones are short and may need to be used efficiently, most of that time is spent on grinding operations and time-consuming replacement of polishing wheels. Not done. The amount of abrasive material left on each wheel is typically measured manually prior to grinding to identify wheels that may wear out completely during the next run. These measurements are also time consuming and the operator conservatively addresses any required replacements to avoid changing wheels during open grinding times.

There is a need to continuously observe the wear stages of the polished article without interrupting the grinding process.

The present disclosure can be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, and many features and advantages thereof will be apparent to those of skill in the art.

Includes a side view of the polished article according to one embodiment. Includes a cross-sectional view of the polished article according to one embodiment. Includes a side view of the polished article according to one embodiment. A cross-sectional view of a polishing body before use, including a portion of a wear detection sensor, according to an embodiment. A cross-sectional view of a polishing body during a material removal operation, including a portion of a wear detection sensor, according to an embodiment. A figure of one lead of a wear detection sensor according to an embodiment is included. A figure of one lead of a wear detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. Includes a diagram of one lead spirally wound around a polishing body, according to one embodiment. Includes a plan view of the polished article, including a wear detection sensor, according to certain embodiments. A plan view of the polished article including the detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. A figure of a wear detection sensor according to an embodiment is included. A figure of a wear detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. A diagram of a portion of a wear sensor mounted on a mounting plate according to an embodiment is included. Includes a time-to-loop state plot of the wear sensor. Includes another plot of the time-to-loop state of the wear sensor. Includes a cross-sectional view of a portion of the polished article according to certain embodiments. A plan view of the polished article including the detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. A plan view of the polished article including the detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. A plan view of the polished article including the detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. A plan view of the polished article including the detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. Includes a cross-sectional view of the polishing body according to certain embodiments. A plan view of the polished article including the detection sensor according to another embodiment is included. Includes diameter vs. reflex plot. Includes a cross-sectional view of the polishing body according to certain embodiments. Includes a cross-sectional view of another polishing body according to one embodiment. Includes a diagram of a wear detection system according to certain embodiments. Includes a reflective force vs. time plot of the polished article according to certain embodiments. Includes a reflectivity vs. time plot of another polished article according to one embodiment. Includes a diagram of an exemplary wear sensor. Includes a diagram of the components of an exemplary reader.

The following description in combination with the drawings is provided to aid in understanding the teachings provided herein. The following disclosure will focus on specific implementations and embodiments of this teaching. This focus is provided to help explain this teaching and should not be construed as a limitation to the scope or applicability of this teaching. However, other teachings can be used in this application.

As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "includes," "has," and "having." , Or any other variation thereof, is intended to include non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or device comprising a list of features is not necessarily limited to those features alone and is not explicitly listed or unique to such method, article, or device. It may include features. Further, unless explicitly stated otherwise, "or" refers to an inclusive "or" and not an exclusive "or". For example, condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following. A is true (or present) and B is false (or nonexistent), A is false (or nonexistent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present). be.

Also, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe the elements and components described herein. This is done solely for convenience and to give the general meaning of the scope of the invention. This description should be read to include the singular, including one or at least one and plural, and vice versa, unless it is clear that it means something else. For example, when a single article is described herein, multiple articles may be used instead of a single article. Similarly, when multiple articles are described herein, a single article may be used in place of those articles.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are exemplary only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless certain details regarding specific materials and processing practices are provided, such details may include conventional techniques found in references and other sources within manufacturing techniques.

The embodiments disclosed herein relate to a polished article comprising a polishing body of abrasive particles in an adhesive material. The polished article may include a wear detection sensor configured to detect changes in the dimensions of the polishing body, at least a portion of the wear detecting sensor connected to and extending along with at least a portion of the polishing body. There is. As used herein, the phrase "connected to and extending along at least a portion of the polishing body" means that at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may be included on the outer surface of the body. It means that it is partially embedded in the body of the polishing body or completely embedded in the body of the polishing article.

In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include at least one lead. The at least one lead may include a conductive structure.

In one aspect, the lead may include a pair of conductive wires connected together at its end (ie, end or lead tip), which may create a conductive loop.

In another aspect, the lead can be a thin, elongated conductive plate or conductive wire and is adapted to vary resistance in response to the length of the elongated plate or wire. As the wear of the polishing body increases, the length of the leads becomes shorter, and the change in the measured resistance of the leads with the decrease of the length of the leads can correspond to the wear of the polishing body.

In yet another aspect, the lead can be an electrical circuit containing two wires connected by multiple resistors. Resistors are positioned parallel to each other at different locations along the length of the two wires (ie, resistance ladder). As the resistor is destroyed during wear of the polishing body, the equivalent resistance of the circuit increases, and the measured resistance increase of the circuit can correspond to the state of wear of the polishing body.

At least one lead of the wear detection sensor may be partially embedded in the polishing body, completely embedded in the polishing body, or extend along the outer surface of the polishing body.

As used herein, the term at least one lead is also referred to as a plurality of leads if the wear detection sensor contains more than one lead.

In one aspect, at least one lead of the wear detection sensor may extend along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body. In another aspect, the majority or leads of the plurality of leads may extend along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body. In certain embodiments, each lead of the plurality of leads may extend along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body.

In a further embodiment, at least one of the plurality of leads may be embedded within the polishing body. In certain embodiments, all of the leads of the plurality of leads may be embedded within the polishing body.

In one aspect, the wear detection sensor may have a first part, eg, a logic device, and a second part, eg, a plurality of leads, the first portion being coupled to a hub and the second. The portion may be connected to the polishing body. In another aspect, the first portion of the wear detection sensor may be coupled to the polishing body and the second portion may be coupled to the hub. In another aspect, both the multiple leads and the logical device may be coupled to the polishing body.

FIG. 1 includes a diagram of a polished article 100 according to one embodiment.

The polished article (100) can be a polishing wheel and the polishing body (102) is connected to a hub (103). The polishing body may include an adhesive polishing material, including abrasive particles contained in a three-dimensional matrix of the adhesive material. The polishing body (102) may optionally include some porosity as a unique phase from the polishing particles and the adhesive material. The wear detection sensor may be coupled to a polishing article (100) such as a polishing body (102) and / or a hub (103) in the form of a plurality of leads (104) and a logical device (105). The plurality of leads (104) of the wear detection sensor may be connected to a part of the outer surface of the polishing body (102). The plurality of leads 104 may extend from the logic device (105) in the axial direction (x) of the polishing body (102) toward the material removal surface (107).

In another embodiment of the polished article shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of leads (204) of the wear detection sensor may extend from the logic device (205) to the radial direction (z) of the polishing body (202) and are radial. (Z) is orthogonal to the axial direction (x). FIG. 2 shows a crosscut of a polishing wheel including a polishing body (202) attached to a hub (203), with all leads of the wear detection sensor (204) completely embedded in the polishing body (202). It can be directed to the material removal surface (207). The logical device (205) may optionally further include a communication device (eg, a transceiver) (206) for communication with an external controller (not shown).

FIG. 3 shows a side view of the polishing wheel (300) of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the plurality of leads of the wear detection sensor (304) may extend along a portion of the outer surface (308) of the polishing body. The plurality of reads (304) may be connected to the logical device (305), and the logical device (305) may be connected to the hub (303). The plurality of leads (304) may extend radially (z) to the outer material removal surface (307).

The amount of leads of the wear detection sensor may be at least one lead and may not have a specific upper limit. The amount of leads may depend on the thickness of the polishing body being subjected to the material removal process, such as grinding, cutting, or polishing, where increased wear of the polishing body should be observed. In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include at least one lead, eg, at least two leads, at least three or at least four leads, at least five leads, at least seven leads, or at least nine leads. .. In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor has 100 or less leads, eg, 80 or less leads, 60 or less leads, 50 or less leads, 30 or less leads, 20 or less leads, 15. It may contain up to 10 or less leads, or 10 or less leads. The amount of leads in the wear detection sensor can be in the range including any of the above minimum and maximum values.

Multiple leads of the wear detection sensor may have different lengths as compared to each other. In one embodiment, all leads can extend parallel to each other from the logic device to different depths within the volume of the polishing body. In one aspect, each of the leads among the plurality of leads may include an end and each of the ends may be located at a different position with respect to each other. For example, each of the ends may be embedded relative to each other at different depths within the polishing body.

In another embodiment, the leads may extend from the logic device at an angle to each other along the polishing body. In a further embodiment, the plurality of reads may not be directly linked to the logical device, but may have a connection structure between the logical device and the plurality of reads.

In one embodiment, each lead can reach at its end up to a specified distance ΔDT from the original material removal surface of the polishing body, and the end of the lead can be embedded in the polishing body or the outer surface of the polishing body. Can be extended along. FIG. 4A shows a cross section of the polishing body, all leads of the wear detection sensor (404) may be embedded in the polishing body (402), and the end of each lead is the original material of the polishing body (407). It may have a defined distance of ΔDT1, ΔDT2, ΔDT3, and ΔDT4 from the removal surface. It should be understood here that under the original material removal surface of the polishing body (407), there should be an outer surface of the polishing body before it is subjected to grinding or cutting of the work piece. In FIG. 4A, the plurality of leads extend axially (x) towards the original material removal surface (407).

During the material removal operation, the polishing body of the present disclosure may be subjected to wear and the portion of the polishing body may be removed from the original material removal surface. FIG. 4B shows the stage of the polished article 401, in which a part of the polishing body is removed from the original outer material removing surface during the material removing operation of the workpiece (410), and of the plurality of leads (404). The end of the longest lead of is reaching the actual material removal surface (409) of the polishing body (402).

When the end of the lead reaches the actual material removal surface (409) of the polishing body (402), the connection between the two wires carrying the current through the lead can be broken, thereby opening the electrical circuit. And the current between the pair of wires of the lead can no longer flow. A broken wire loop open circuit can be detected by a logical device and is here understood as a broken lead. From the amount of broken leads detected by the logical device, it is possible to calculate the wear of the polishing body.

In another aspect, multiple leads can be connected together in one electric circuit and the total voltage through the complete electric circuit if the total amount of supply current remains constant due to a broken wire loop. Changes can be triggered. The amount of change in voltage can be measured as a wear signal by a logic device connected to multiple leads, such as how much the polishing body has been removed from the original outer material removal surface (307), and the remaining life. It may be possible to draw conclusions about the wear stage of the polishing body.

To calculate the wear stage of the polishing body during a work operation by a logical device by knowing the position of the end of the lead along the outer surface of the polishing body in the polishing body or from the original material removal surface of the polishing body. Can be done. In one embodiment, the distance of the end of the leads among the plurality of leads from the original removal surface of the polishing body ΔDT is at least 100 microns, for example at least 150 microns, at least 200 microns, at least 500 microns, at least 1000 microns. , At least 5000 microns, or at least 10000 microns. In another aspect, the distance ΔDT is 1.5 meters or less, for example 1.3 meters or less, or 1.0 meters or less, or 0.8 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, or 0.3 meters. It may be less than or equal to, 0.1 meters or less, 0.05 meters or less, or 0.01 meters or less. The distance ΔDT can be a value within the range including any of the above-mentioned minimum and maximum values.

In a further embodiment, the distance ΔDI between the two lead ends of each other in a direction orthogonal to the material removal surface of the polishing body is at least 100 microns, eg, at least 200 microns, at least 300 microns, or at least 500 microns. Or it can be at least 1000 microns, or at least 5000 microns. In another aspect, the distance between the two lead ends is 1.5 meters or less, for example 1.2 meters or less, or 1.0 meters or less, or 0.8 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, or It may be 0.3 meters or less, 0.1 meters or less, or 0.05 meters or less. The distance ΔDI can be a value within the range including any of the above-mentioned minimum and maximum values.

In embodiments where each lead of the wear detection sensor is a single wire or elongated plate, the wear detection sensor can be designed so that the area of the leads (eg, the length of the leads) correlates with a particular resistance. Changes in resistance (due to increased wear) with reduced lead length can be translated into information about wear on the polishing body.

In one embodiment, the overall length of at least one lead of the wear detection sensor can be at least 100 microns, such as at least 200 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 1000 microns, or at least 1 cm, or at least 5 cm. In another aspect, the total length of at least one lead is 10 meters or less, eg, 8 meters or less, or 5 meters or less, or 3 meters or less, or 2 meters or less, or 1.5 meters or less, or 1.0 meter. Less than or equal to 0.8 meters, or less than 0.5 meters, or less than 0.3 meters, or less than 0.2 meters, or less than 0.1 meters, or less than 0.05 meters, or less than 0.01 meters May be. The total length of at least one lead can be a value within the range including any of the above-mentioned minimum and maximum values.

At least one conductive lead of the wear detection sensor may communicate with at least one logical device. In one embodiment, the logic device can be a microcontroller configured to detect changes in the state of the wear detection sensor. The logical device may optionally include a communication device, eg, a transceiver for communicating with an external controller.

In one aspect, at least one lead of the wear detection sensor is active when current is flowing through the lead, and no current is flowing through the lead due to damage to the lead or a small amount of current is flowing. It can be detected by a flowing inactive logical device. A wear signal can be created by interrupting or reducing current during the inactive phase of the lead. Therefore, by detecting the wear signal and controlling and measuring the current flowing through the plurality of leads, the wear stage of the polishing body can be analyzed without interrupting the material removal process.

The wear signal created by the wear detection sensor can be transmitted by the communication device to an external controller, eg, a portable control unit owned by the operator, or a fixed unit mounted on a machine equipped with wheels. .. The transmission of the wear signal can be, for example, via an electrical connection to the spindle on which the wheel is mounted, or as a radio signal. In one aspect, the logic device may include a transceiver for transmitting a wear signal to an external controller capable of monitoring and controlling the grinding process, eg, an RFID transceiver. Other options for wirelessly transmitting wear signals may be via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth or other wireless protocols. The wear signal can be stored on a logic board (eg, SD card or flash memory) as local data storage. The external controller can be part of a logical device or an independent unit. In a further aspect, a light indicator can be used to indicate that the wheel needs to be replaced or that it still has a long life.

The power required to operate the wear detection sensor can be provided from batteries or from a direct electrical connection from a machine or train. The wear detection sensor can also be powered remotely using RF energy or by an energy harvesting system, eg, a system that produces electrical energy from vibration.

The material of the at least one conductive reed can be a metal or a metal alloy. Non-limiting examples of reed materials may include copper, aluminum, silver, or stainless steel.

In one embodiment, each lead may be further enclosed or embedded with a protective material, especially if the leads have a wire loop or resistance ladder structure. FIG. 5A shows an embodiment with one lead (500) that may include a pair of wires (501) connected together by forming a lead end (502) to form a loop. It may be surrounded by a lead protective material (503).

FIG. 5B shows a lead with a structure of a resistor ladder, where the two wires (502) are multiple resistors (505) arranged parallel to each other at different positions along the length of the two wires (502). ) Is connected. The entire electrical circuit is embedded in the protective material (503).

The lead protective material can be a material that can protect the wire of the lead during the manufacture of the polished article, but is facilitated by the force during the material removal operation of the polished article as it reaches the actual outer material removal surface of the polishing body. Can be destroyed. Non-limiting examples of lead protective materials can be, for example, polyimide, polyurethane, or polyolefin. The lead protective material can also serve, for example, as an insulator to prevent short circuits in electrical circuits, for example, in embodiments where the polishing body is conductive. In one aspect, at least one wire loop can be applied directly to the outer surface of the polishing body and embedded in a protective polymer, eg polyimide. Similarly, if the leads are designed to measure changes in resistance, the wire or elongated plate can be applied directly to the outer surface of the polishing body and embedded within the protective polymer material.

In another embodiment, the wear protection sensor leads may not include wire protection material.

Also in a further embodiment, the at least one lead has a spiral shape and can be wrapped around the outer surface of the polishing body, as shown in FIG. The present embodiment may be applied to leads whose resistance can be varied according to their size reduction during wear of the polishing body. FIG. 6 shows a polishing body in the form of a wheel (602) fixed to a hub (603), a lead (604) in the form of a wire, axially (x) around the polishing body (602). Wrapped in a spiral. In one aspect, the polishing body can be coated with a reinforced fiberglass mat (not shown) and the reeds can be woven into the mat or the reeds can directly replace some of the fibers in the fiberglass mat. ..

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include at least one electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include an electronic device. Electronic devices can include, for example, chips, integrated circuits, logic, transponders, transceivers, passive devices such as resistors, capacitors, memories, etc., or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the electronic device may include an antenna directly attached to the electronic device. In certain embodiments, the electronic device is a chip, integrated circuit, data transponder, tag or sensor based on radio frequency with or without a chip, electronic tag, electronic memory, sensor, analog-to-digital converter, transmitter, receiver. , Transceiver, modulator circuit, multiplexer, antenna, short range communication device, power supply, display (eg LCD or OLED screen), optical device (eg LED), global positioning system (GPS) or device, fixed or programmable It may include logic, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the electronic device may optionally include a substrate, a power supply, or both. In a further aspect, the electronic device can be wired or wireless.

More specific examples of electronic devices may include tags or sensors, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags or sensors, short range communication tags or sensors, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include an RFID tag. In some cases, the RFID tag can be inactive and may be powered by a reader device for the RFID tag. In another case, the RFID tag can be active and includes, for example, a power supply such as a battery or an inductive capacitive tank circuit.

In another aspect, the electronic device may include a short range communication device. The short range communication device can be any device capable of transmitting information via electromagnetic radiation within a certain defined radius of the device, typically less than 20 meters.

In certain embodiments, the electronic device may include a dual frequency tag. Dual frequency tags can promote readability at multiple frequencies. As an example, electronic devices may include near field communication devices and RFID tags. In a further case, the electronic device may include a dual frequency chip attached to an RFID antenna and an NFC antenna.

In a further aspect, the electronic device may include a transceiver. A transceiver can be a device that can receive and / or transmit information. Unlike passive RFID tags or passive short-range communication devices, which are generally read-only devices that store information for read operations, transceivers do not require an active read operation to perform information. Can be actively transmitted. In addition, transceivers may be capable of transmitting information on a variety of selected frequencies, providing the ability of electronic devices to communicate with a wide variety of systems intended to receive and / or store information. Can be improved.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may be attached to at least a portion of the polishing body. For example, the electronic device may be attached to a portion of the surface of the polishing body, such as the main surface, the perimeter, or a combination thereof. In a further aspect, the electronic device may come into contact with the polishing body. In another aspect, the electronic device may be partially embedded in the polishing body. In a further aspect, the electronic device can be totally embedded within the polishing body.

In some implementations, the electronic device may be adapted to detect wear on the polished article, such as dimensional changes in the polishing body. In other implementations, the electronic device may be combined with another component to facilitate wear detection.

FIG. 7 includes a plan view of the polished article 700 including the polishing body 701 and the wear detection sensor 702. The body 701 may include a center hole 703. In some cases, the polishing body 701 may include an internal circumferential region 704 that abuts on the center hole 703 and an external circumferential region 705 that is outside the internal circumferential region 705. Internal circumferential region can comprise an inner circumferential diameter D _I, abrasive body is in the present disclosure. _{It may include an outer diameter DO} , which may also be referred to as an outer circumferential region diameter.

In some embodiments, the wear of the abrasive article may include dimensional changes including decrease of the outer diameter D _O. As an example, the peripheral surface of the polishing body may be a material removing surface in contact with the work material. Loss of material in material removal surface can cause a reduction in the outer diameter D _O. In certain applications, when the outer diameter D _O is reduced to the size of approximately the inner diameter D _I, the abrasive article may not be suitable for further use. In another embodiment, the main surface of the polishing body can be a material removal surface.

The wear detection sensor 702 may include an electronic device 710 that includes an electronic element 712, such as an integrated circuit, coupled to an antenna 714. In some implementations, the electronic device 710 may include integrated circuits and may not include antennas. The electronic device 710 may be located within the inner circumference region 704 or the outer circumference region 705, or may extend along a portion of the inner circumference region 704 and a portion of the outer circumference region 705. In certain cases, the electronic device 710 may be located within the internal circumferential region 704 as shown.

The wear detection sensor 702 may further include electrical components coupled to the electronic device 710. Electrical components can include passive elements such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, or combinations thereof. In certain cases, the electrical component may include a first capacitance plate 718 and a second capacitance plate 720. The first and second capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be connected to the electronic device 710 by a wire 716 or the like.

The first capacitance plate 718 and the second capacitance plate 720 can be separated and may be arranged parallel to each other. In some cases, the first capacitance plate 718 may be located in the inner circumferential region 704 and the second capacitive plate 720 may be located in the outer circumferential region 705.

In an exemplary material removal operation, wear of the polished article can result in the removal of a portion of the entire second capacitive plate 720, which can change the electrolytic strength in the capacitor plate. The electronic device 710 can detect changes and generate wear signals.

In other cases, electrical components may include resistors, inductors, or combinations thereof. In an exemplary material removal operation, a resistor, inductor, or a portion of both may be removed, which can change the current or magnetic field and result in the generation of a wear signal.

The wear signal may be received by the data receiving device and the operator may be warned about the wear condition of the polished article.

In certain embodiments, the data receiving device may be a reader, an interrogator, or another device capable of receiving, reading, and / or editing data. In some cases, the data receiving device may be able to read the data stored in the electronic device, and the electronic device may not function to carry the data. In another embodiment, the data receiving device may transmit data from an electronic device to another device, system, database, and the like. In certain embodiments, the data receiving device may include an RFID reader or interrogator, an NFC reader, a mobile phone, or a combination thereof.

As shown in FIG. 7, the wear detection sensor 702 may be positioned on the main surface of the polishing body 701. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor 702 may be attached to a portion of the principal surface, the peripheral surface, or both. For example, electronic devices, electrical components, wires, or any combination thereof may be cold pressed, warm pressed, or hot pressed directly onto the surface of the polishing body. In another example, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may be aligned with the surface of the polishing body during the polishing body forming process and co-cured into the polishing body. In a further case, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may be attached to the surface by heat, radiation, glue, adhesive, mechanically, or any combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the wear detection sensor 702 may come into contact with a portion of the polishing body 701. For example, the wear detection sensor 702 may come into direct contact with the adhesive material, the abrasive particles, another component of the abrasive body 701, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor 702 may be partially or wholly embedded within the polishing body. In some cases, a portion of the polishing body may be removed to create a space (eg, a slot) within the polishing body to accept the wear detection sensor, heat, pressure, adhesive, glue, etc. Alternatively, any combination thereof may be used to attach the wear detection sensor to at least a portion of the body. In some other cases, the wear detection sensor may be embedded in a mixture for forming the polishing body during the forming process. The mixture may include an adhesive material, an article of polishing, and optionally an adhesive. In certain examples, the mixture and wear detection sensor may be placed in a mold and the wear detection sensor may be partially or wholly embedded in the mixture. The polishing body can then be formed by subjecting the mixture to pressure, heat, irradiation, other known processes for forming the polishing body, or a combination thereof.

As shown, at least a portion of the electrical components such as the first and second capacitive plates 718 and 720 may be placed on the main surface of the polishing body 701. In certain cases, a portion of the electrical component, such as at least one of the capacitance plates 718 and 720, may be attached to a portion of the polishing body. In another particular case, the first and second capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be attached to a portion of the main surface, the peripheral surface, or both. In more specific cases, at least one of the first and second capacitive plates 718 and 720 is in contact with a portion of the polishing body that contains an adhesive material, abrasive particles, another component, or any combination thereof. Can be done.

In some implementations, at least one of the capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body 701. As an example, the first capacitance plate 718 may be placed on the main surface or the peripheral surface, and the second capacitance plate may be partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body 701. In another example, the second capacitance plate 720 may be placed on the main or peripheral surface, while the first capacitance plate 718 may be partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body 701. In another case, both the first and second capacitive plates 718 and 720 may be partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body 701.

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a loop circuit connected to an electronic device. FIG. 8 includes a plan view of another exemplary polishing wheel 800, including the polishing body 801. The polished article 800 includes a wear detection sensor 802 including an electronic device 810 disposed on the main surface 803. The electronic device 810 may include an electronic device and, optionally, an antenna 814 coupled to the electronic device 812. The wear detection sensor 802 may include a loop circuit. In some applications, the loop circuit may include a wire loop 820 coupled to an electronic device 810. As an example, the wire can be resistant. The wire loop is directly connected to an electronic device 812 such as an integrated circuit. Alternatively, the wire loop may be connected to the electronic device 812 by an antenna 814.

In another application, the loop circuit may include passive elements such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, or combinations thereof. For certain applications, the loop circuit may include a capacitive loop circuit containing at least one capacitor. In another particular application, the loop circuit may include at least one resistor. In another particular case, the loop circuit may include multiple capacitive loop circuits, the capacitors being arranged in parallel connected by wires.

FIG. 9A includes a diagram of a wear detection sensor 900 including an electronic device 901 coupled to a loop circuit 902. The electronic device 901 may include an electronic element 905 such as a transponder or an integrated circuit, and an antenna 903 connected to the electronic element 905. The loop circuit 902 may include a plurality of capacitors 911, 912, and 913 arranged in parallel. In another case, at least one or all of 911, 912, and 913 may include a resistor.

In certain embodiments, the wear detection sensor 802 or 900 may be located on the main surface 803, the peripheral surface (not shown), or a combination thereof of the polishing body 801. In some embodiments, the length L _L of the loop circuit 820 or 902, the main surface may extend along a portion of the peripheral surface or both. In another embodiment, the length L _L of the loop circuit 820 or 902, the radial direction of the polishing body 801 may extend in the axial direction, or a combination thereof. In another case, the length L _L of the loop circuit 820 or 902, in order to promote the wear detection may extend toward the material removal surface.

In a further embodiment, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor 802 or 900 may be embedded in the polishing body 801. In some embodiments, the loop circuit 820 or 902, the electronic device 810 or 901, or both may be partially embedded in the polishing body. In another aspect, the loop circuit 820 or 902, the electronic device 810 or 901, or both may be totally embedded in the polishing body.

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor 802 or 900 may be located in a particular position that may facilitate the determination of the wear level. For example, in a material removal operation, the first portion of the wear detection sensor can be removed and a first wear signal can be generated when the wear of the polishing body reaches the first level. The first wear signal can be an indicator of the first wear level. The first wear level may be a relatively low wear level such as 20%, 30%, or 40%. As the operation continues, the second part of the wear detection sensor can be removed and a second wear signal can be generated when the second wear level is reached. The second wear signal can be an indicator of the second wear level. The second wear level may be a relatively higher wear level such as 705, 80%, or 90%. The second wear signal can be interpreted as a warning of the approaching life of the polished article.

Referring to FIG. 8, the loop circuit 820 may extend radially towards the peripheral surface. The peripheral surface can be a material removal surface. The wear detection sensor 810 allows the circuit loop to break when a certain length of the circuit loop 820 or 902 is removed and the wear of the polishing body reaches a certain level in the material removal operation. It may be positioned. Electronic devices can sense broken circuit loops and generate wear signals. The data receiving device may receive a wear signal and interpret it as an indicator that a particular wear level has been reached, such as a particular low level wear. As the operation continues, a portion of the electronic device 810, such as the electronic element 812, the antenna 814, or at least a portion thereof, may be removed, whereby the electronic device may be inactive and the data receiving device may be deactivated. A wear signal can be received to indicate that a higher wear level has been reached. The wear signal can include signal changes such as response time, signal strength, reflected energy, loss of existing signals, or changes in any combination thereof. In certain cases, when an electronic device becomes inactive, the data receiving device may stop receiving any signal or response from the electronic device.

In some cases, the electronic device 810 can be progressively damaged during the operation of the polished article 800, and the electronic device 810 can transmit a progressively weaker signal until the electronic device 810 becomes inactive, thus on the data receiving device. The received signal strength indicator of may be used to determine the wear level. The value of the received signal strength indicator can be measured, calculated, or both by the data receiving device to determine the wear level.

FIG. 9B includes a diagram of another example of a wear detection sensor 950 comprising a wire loop 951 coupled to an electronic device 952. In certain embodiments, the wire loop 951 may include one or more wire loops, such as one loop, two loops, three loops, five loops, or more. The electronic device 952 may include an integrated circuit 954 and an antenna 953. In certain embodiments, the electronic device 952 may include RFID chips or integrated circuits. The electronic device 952 may further include additional components 955 such as a chip, another integrated circuit, a logical device, a transponder, a transceiver, a passive element, etc., or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the wear detection sensor 950 may be printed and include a substrate 956. The substrate 956 may include flexible materials such as organic materials, more specifically flexible materials. More specific examples of the substrate 956 may include PET, polyimide, or another material that can be used to make flexible electronic devices.

In certain implementations, the wear detection sensor 950 may be placed in contact with an outer surface, such as the peripheral surface of the polishing body of the polished article. For example, the wear detection sensor 950 may be placed around at least a portion of the peripheral surface of the polishing body, and a non-abrasive portion such as a layer of fiber may be above the wear detection sensor 950 and at least a portion of the polishing body or the entire outer peripheral surface. Can be wrapped around.

FIG. 9C includes a top view of a mounting plate (or hub) 981 mounted on an electronic assembly 982 that includes an electronic device 983 contained within a package 985. Package 985 and stool spokes 988 may help protect the electronic device 983 from sparks and heat generated during the grinding operation. In certain embodiments, the package 985 contains a protective material that may be resistant to high temperatures and may act as a heat shield. In another embodiment, the package 985 may include a polymer. Specific examples of polymers may include high performance polymers such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and / or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the electronic device 983 may be fully protected by a protective material instead of a package and isolated from the outside environment.

The electronic device 983 may be part of a wear sensor that further includes a wire loop attached to the electronic device 983. In certain embodiments, the electronic device 983 may include a microcontroller and the wire loop may be attached to the microcontroller. The wire loop may also be attached to the peripheral surface of the polishing body attached to the mounting plate 981. The peripheral surface can be an inner or outer peripheral surface. In some implementations, a coating may be applied to the wire loop to facilitate attachment of the wire loop to the peripheral surface and provide protection against heat and sparks. In certain embodiments, the coating may include an adhesive. In another embodiment, the coating can be heat resistant. In certain cases, the coating may contain a heat resistant adhesive, which may facilitate an improvement in the performance of the wear sensor. Exemplary adhesives may include epoxies, acrylates, silicone rubbers and the like. In certain embodiments, the coating may include steel epoxies.

In some cases, the signal transmission from the electronic device 983 during the grinding operation can be wireless. For example, wheel wear information can be transmitted to receiving devices such as mobile phones, handheld devices, computers, etc. via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or a combination thereof. The transmitted data may include wire loop states and state changes. As an example, the data may be in a format where "0" represents a closed loop (eg, no detectable wire loop wear) and "1" represents an open loop (damaged loop). The state of the wear loop and / or the change in state can be used to determine the wear level of the polishing tool. 9D and 9E include graphs showing data transmitted by wear sensors including wire loops attached to electronic device 983, showing the state of different wire loops in the grinding operation. As shown, the wire loop number 2 is closed and there is no change of state, while the state of the wire loop number 4 changes from 0 to 1 and the wire loop is damaged during the grinding operation. And display some wear levels of the grinding tool. As the grinding continues, the wire loop number 2 is later damaged and displays a higher wear level of the grinding tool.

FIG. 10 includes a cross-sectional view of a portion of the polished article 1000 including the body 1001. The body 1001 may include a first main surface 1002 opposite the second main surface 1003 and a peripheral surface 1004 extending between the first and second main surfaces 1002 and 1003. In some cases, the body 1001 may include a polished portion 1020 and a non-polished portion 1022. The peripheral surface 1004 may be the material removal surface of the polished article 1000.

The wear detection sensor 1005 includes an electronic device that can be at least partially embedded in the body 1101 and includes an electronic element 1008 and an antenna 1006 coupled to the electronic element 1008. The electronic device 1008 may be arranged in the non-polished portion 1022. In some cases, a portion of the electronic device 1008 may be located in the polished portion 1020. The antenna 1006 may be located in the polished portion 1020 and, in some cases, a portion of the antenna may be located in the non-polished portion. The terminal 1014 of the antenna 1006 may be aligned with the peripheral surface 1004.

The antenna 1006 may extend towards the peripheral surface 1004. As an example, the antenna 1006 may extend radially along a portion of the body. In another case, the antenna 1006 may extend over the radial distance of the polished portion.

In some cases, the wear detection sensor may include a package containing at least a portion of the electronic device 1008 and the antenna 1006. As an example, the package may separate the electronic device 1008 and / or the antenna 1006 from the ambient environment. In another example, the package may separate the electronic element 1008 and / or the antenna 1006 from the composition of the body 1001 such as abrasive particles, adhesive material, and other components.

The package may include a protective layer 1010, a substrate 1012, or both. A portion of the protective layer 1010 may extend over the main surface 1003. Alternatively, the protective layer 1010 may be below the main surface 1003 or in the same plane as the main surface 1003. In some embodiments, the protective layer 1010 may contain a material capable of protecting the electronic device 1008 and / or the antenna 1006 from external environmental conditions including moisture, coolant and the like. Exemplary protective materials may include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or any combination thereof.

In some cases, certain coolants are used in material removal operations, and exposure of the electronic device to the coolant can cause deterioration of the electronic device. The protective layer 1010 or the entire package is applied to protect the electronic device from coolant and can extend the useful life of the electronic device. The protective layer may also be applied to protect the electronic device from moisture, severe temperature, or other conditions that could damage the electronic device.

In some embodiments, the substrate 1012 may contain materials similar to or different from the protective layer 1010. In certain cases, the package may enclose an electronic device.

The wear detection sensor 1005 can serve as an indicator that a high wear level has been reached when the polished article 1000 fails through multiple material removal operations. As an example, the remaining length of the electronic device 1008 may be an indicator that the internal circumference has been reached when replacing the polished article 1000.

In certain embodiments, the wear detection sensor may include an electronic device that includes an antenna that is directly and electrically connected to the electronic element. In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of electronic devices, at least one of which may include an antenna that is directly and electrically connected to the electronic element. In yet another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of electronic devices, at least some or each of the electronic devices may include an antenna that is directly and electrically connected to the electronic element. In some implementations, the antenna may include a thin film antenna.

In some embodiments, the antenna may extend along a portion of the polishing body. As an example, the antenna can extend along the main surface, the peripheral surface, or both parts of the polishing body towards the material removal surface. In another aspect, the antenna may extend radially, axially, or a combination thereof of the polishing body. In a further aspect, the antenna may be partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may include at least one antenna, at least two antennas, at least three antennas, or at least four antennas, each antenna being directly and electrically connected to the electronic device. In some embodiments, at least some of the antennas may extend to different distances along the polishing body. In another aspect, each of the antennas may extend to different distances along the polishing body.

FIG. 11 includes a plan view of the polished article 1100 including the main body 1101 including the internal circumferential region 1103 and the external circumferential region 1102. The wear detection sensor 1104 may include an electronic device including an electronic element 1105 and a plurality of antennas 1106-1109 coupled to the electronic element 1105. The electronic element 1105 may be arranged within the internal circumferential region 1103. In another example, the electronic device 1105 may be arranged in the outer circumferential region 1102. In some specific implementations, the electronic device 1105 may include integrated circuits, transponders, or combinations thereof.

Antennas 1106-1109 may be separated from each other. As shown, the antennas 1106 to 1109 may extend so that the lengths of the antennas are parallel to each other. In another case, at least some of the antennas 1106-1109 may be arranged so that their lengths can extend at an angle to each other. For example, the angle may include acute, obtuse, right angles, or a combination thereof.

Antennas 1106-1109 may extend along a portion of the polishing body towards a material removal surface (eg, a peripheral surface). In some embodiments, one of the antennas may extend to different distances as compared to one of the other antennas. In another aspect, all antennas may extend to different distances along the polishing body.

In a further aspect, at least some of the antennas 1106-1109 may contain different lengths as compared to each other. In certain embodiments, each of the antennas 1106-1009 may include different lengths. For example, the relative difference in length between antennas can be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 17%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%. In another aspect, the relative difference in length between antennas is up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 45%, up to 40%, up to 35%. , Or up to 30%. Moreover, the relative difference in length between the antennas can be within the range including any of the minimum and maximum proportions described herein.

As shown, the antenna 1109 may be located within the internal circumferential region 1103. The other antennas 1106-1108 may extend from a position within the internal circumferential region 1103 to different distances within the external circumferential region 1102.

The antennas 1106-1109 may be separated from the center line 1111 of the polishing body 1101 by a distance δd _C. As shown, δd _C is the vertical distance from the end of the antenna (eg, 1106) to the centerline 1111 and the end is closer to the centerline 1111. _{For example, the relative difference in distance δd C} between at least some or all of the antennas 1106 to 1109 can be at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, or at least 20%. In another case, _{the relative difference in distance δd C} can be up to 40%, up to 35%, up to 20%, up to 15%, or up to 10%. Further, _{the relative difference of δd C} can be within the range including any of the minimum and maximum proportions described herein.

The other end of each antenna may be spaced apart from the outer periphery of the polishing body 1101 Distance .delta.d _O only. The distance is a linear extension from the end of the antenna (eg, 1106) to the outer circumference. _{The distance δd O} between the antennas 1106 to 1109 may be different. For example, the relative difference in distance .delta.d _O between at least some or all of the antennas 1106 to 1109 is at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 8%, at least 10%, or at least 15%. In another case, the distance .delta.d _O relative difference of up to 45%, up to 40%, 35% at maximum, may be 30%, or 25% at maximum at maximum. Further, _{the relative difference of δd O} can be within the range including any of the minimum and maximum proportions described herein.

In an exemplary material removal operation of the polished article 1100, the longest antenna 1107 may come into contact with an actual material removal surface (eg, a peripheral surface) and a portion of the antenna 1107 may be removed. As the wear of the polished article progresses, the parts of the antennas 1108, 1106, and 1104 can be removed. As the size of the antenna decreases, the response energy from the electronic device decreases. The data receiving device may sense changes in the received signal and the operator may be warned of wear. In some cases, the data receiving device may calculate and calculate the change in response energy to display the wear level.

In certain embodiments, the wear detection sensor may include an electronic device and an electronic device including an antenna, and the antenna may include a larger surface area than the electronic device. For example, an electronic device may include a plurality of antennas attached to the electronic device, and at least one, some, or each of the antennas may have a surface area larger than the surface area of the electronic device.

In another example, the wear detection sensor may include multiple electronic devices, at least one of the electronic devices may include an antenna attached to the electronic device, the antenna having a larger surface area than the electronic device. Can be. In certain cases, some or each of the plurality of electronic devices may include an antenna attached to the electronic device, which may have a larger surface area than the electronic device. In another particular case, one or more of the electronic devices may include multiple antennas coupled to the electronic device, and at least one or more of the antennas has a larger surface area than the electronic device. Can have. In more specific cases, all of the antennas may have a larger surface area than the electronic device to which the antenna is connected.

In certain embodiments, the electronic device can be positioned on the non-polished portion, the polished portion, or both of the body of the polished article. In some cases, the antenna may be connected to an electronic device and positioned in the non-polished portion of the body of the polished article. As used herein, the non-polished portion is intended to refer to a portion of the body of the polished article that is essentially free of abrasive particles. The non-polished portion may or may not contain an adhesive material. The polished portion is intended to refer to a portion of the body of the polished article that contains the adhesive matrix and the abrasive particles contained in the adhesive matrix. The polished body is intended to refer to an adhesive body that includes an adhesive matrix and abrasive particles dispersed in the adhesive matrix, and the adhesive body is essentially free of non-polished portions.

In certain embodiments, the wear detection sensor may include an antenna that includes a flared body. In some cases, the wear detection sensor may include multiple antennas, one or more of which may include a flared body. FIG. 12 includes a plan view of the polished article 1200 including the polishing body 1201 including the inner circumferential region 1214 and the outer circumferential region 1215. In some cases, the body may include a central region 1213. The central region may include a flange region or a hub.

The wear detection sensor 1203 may include a first electronic device 1204 including an electronic element 1205 located in the central region 1213 and an antenna 1207. The second electronic device 1208 includes an electronic element 1209 located in the internal circumferential region 1214 and an antenna 1211. In another example, the first and second electronic devices 1205 and 1209 may be located outside the central region 1213. In yet another case, both the first and second electronic devices 1209 and 1205 may be located in the internal circumferential region 1214. In yet another example, one of the first and second electronic devices 1205 and 1209 may be located in the inner circumferential region 1214 and the other may be located in the outer circumferential region 1215. In certain cases, neither of the electronic devices is located in the outer circumferential region 1215. In another particular case, at most one of the electronic devices may be located in the central region 1213. In a more specific case, at least some of the electronic devices are located in different regions, including a central region 1213, an internal circumferential region 1214, and an external circumferential region 1215.

The antennas 1207 and 1211 may be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential, radial, axial, or any combination thereof of the polishing body 1201. Antennas 1207 and 1211 can extend along a portion of the polishing body in a radial, axial, or combination thereof. The antenna 1207 may extend from the location of the central region 1213 into the outer circumferential region 1215 over the entire radial distance of the inner circumferential region 1214. The end of the antenna 1207 may be separated from or aligned with the outer circumference of the polishing body or the material removal surface (eg, the peripheral surface). As shown, one of the ends of the secondary antenna 1207 may reach the outer circumference or the material removal surface.

The antenna 1211 may extend from the location of the inner circumferential region 1214 into the outer circumferential region 1215. At least one of the antennas 1211 may have an end that can reach the outer circumference.

As shown, each of the secondary antennas 1207 and 1211 may include a flared body. The width of the body can increase as the secondary antennas 1207 and 1211 extend towards the outer or peripheral surface. As an example, the width W of the end of the secondary antenna 1207 or 1211 closer to the outer circumference of the body 1201 may be maximum compared to the width of another portion of the antenna.

In some cases, the antenna 1207 and / or 1211 may be attached to the main surface of the polishing body 1201. As an example, the antenna 1207 and / or 1211 may extend along a portion of the main surface of the polishing body. In another case, a portion of antenna 1207 and / or 1211 may be exposed to the outside environment. As an example, the secondary antenna 1207 and / or 1211 may be partially embedded in the polishing body 1201. In another example, the antenna 1207 and / or 1211 may include an outwardly projecting portion of the surface portion of the internal circumferential region 1214 of the polishing body 1201.

In other cases, the antenna 1207 or 1211 may extend over the surface area of the larger polished body as compared to the electronic device 1204 or 1205, but has a non-flared body shape. As an example, the antenna 1207 and / or 1211 can be a shape including a triangle, a rectangle, a square, or an irregular shape. Antennas 1207 and 1211 can have the same or different shapes.

In another case, any or each of the antennas 1207 and 1211 may facilitate data transmission and / or continuous improvement of power supply to electronic devices 1204 and / or 1208, certain specific polishing bodies. Can extend to the surface area. As an example, any or each of the antennas 1207 and 1211 may have at least 1/20 of the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201, eg, at least 2 / of the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201. It can extend to 20, at least 3/20, at least 4/20, or at least 5/20. In another example, any or each of the antennas 1207 and 1211 has a surface area of up to 10/20 of the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201, eg, the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201. It can extend up to 9/20, up to 8/20, up to 7/20, up to 6/20, up to 5/20, up to 4/20, or up to 3/20. Further, any or each of the antennas 1207 and 1211 may extend to the surface area including any of the minimum and maximum values described herein.

FIG. 13 includes a plan view of the polished article 1300 including the polishing body 1301. The polishing body 1301 may include an internal circumferential region 1302 and an external circumferential region 1303. In some cases, the polishing body 1301 may include a central region 1310.

The wear detection sensor 1304 may include a first electronic device including an electronic element 1305 coupled to an antenna 1306 and a second electronic device including an electronic element 1307 coupled to an antenna 1308.

Antennas 1306 and 1308 may include curved portions that may extend circumferentially in the polishing body 1301. In certain cases, the antennas 1306 and 1308 may include lengths that may extend circumferentially. In a further example, the antennas 1307, 1308, or both may extend in the circumferential, axial, radial, or any combination thereof. In another case, the antennas 1306 and 1308 may have the same or different lengths.

In another case, the antennas 1306, 1308, or both may extend to a particular length along a portion of the polishing body 1301. In some embodiments, the antennas 1307, 1308, or both may extend along a portion of the principal surface, the peripheral surface, or a combination thereof. In another aspect, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend to a certain length that may facilitate data transmission and / or continuous improvement in power supply. As an example, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may be at least 1/10 of the outer circumference of the polishing body 1301, for example at least 2/10, at least 3/10, at least 4/10 of the outer circumference of the polishing body 1301. It can extend to at least 5/10, at least 6/10, or at least 7/10. In another example, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 has a maximum of 9/10 of the outer circumference of the polishing body 1301, for example, a maximum of 8/10 and a maximum of 7/10 of the outer circumference of the polishing body 1301. It can extend up to 6/10, up to 5/10, or up to 4/10. Further, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend to a range length that includes any of the minimum and maximum values described herein.

In another case, any or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may facilitate data transmission and / or continuous improvement of power supply to electronic devices 1305 and / or 1307, certain specific of the polishing body. Can extend to the surface area. As an example, any or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may have at least 1/20 of the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1301, eg, at least 2 / of the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1301. It can extend to 20, at least 3/20, at least 4/20, or at least 5/20. In another example, any or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 has a surface area of up to 10/20 of the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201, eg, the surface area of the main or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1301. It can extend up to 9/20, up to 8/20, up to 7/20, up to 6/20, up to 5/20, up to 4/20, or up to 3/20. Further, any or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend to the surface area including any of the minimum and maximum values described herein.

As shown, each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 can have an arc shape. Antennas 1306 and 1308 extend towards each other and can be separated radially, axially, circumferentially, or a combination thereof.

Antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend along a portion of the inner circumference region 1302, a portion of the outer circumference region 1303, or both. In some cases, the antennas 1306 and 1308 and the electronic devices 1305 and 1307 may be located outside the central region 1310. In another example, one of the electronic devices 1307 and 1305 may be located in the central circumferential region 1310 or the outer circumferential region 1303.

In some cases, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend along a portion of the main surface of the polishing body. In certain cases, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may be attached to the main surface of the polishing body. In another case, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 is at least partially embedded in the polishing body. In a further example, at least one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may include a portion exposed to the outside environment. In certain cases, at least one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may include an outwardly projecting portion of the surface portion of the internal circumferential region 1302.

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a particular number of electronic devices that may facilitate improved response of the electronic device to the data receiving device. As an example, the wear detection sensor may include at least one electronic device, eg, at least two, at least three, at least five, at least six, or at least seven electronic devices. In a further embodiment, the wear detection sensors are up to 45 electronic devices, up to 40, up to 35, up to 30, up to 25, up to 20, up to 15, up to 15. It may include twelve, up to ten, up to nine, or up to eight electronic devices. Further, the number of electronic devices may be within the range including any of the minimum and maximum values described herein. As an example, a wear detection sensor may include 1 to 45 electronic devices.

In some embodiments, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of electronic devices that are radially, axially, circumferentially, or in combination thereof, spaced apart from each other. In another aspect, at least some of the plurality of electronic devices may be arranged at an angle to each other. In another aspect, some of the electronic devices may be aligned in the radial direction. In yet another aspect, some of the electronic devices may be parallel. In a further aspect, the plurality of electronic devices may extend towards the material removal surface of the polishing body.

FIG. 14 includes a plan view of a polished article 1400 comprising a polishing body 1401 and a wear detection sensor comprising a plurality of electronic devices 1402 extending along a portion of the polishing body 1401. The plurality of electronic devices 1402 may include the same or different electronic devices, including any of the electronic devices described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In certain cases, the plurality of electronic devices 1402 may include RFID tags or sensors, NFID tags or sensors, or any combination thereof.

In some cases, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may extend along a portion of the main surface, the peripheral surface, or a combination thereof of the polishing body 1401. In another case, one or more or each of the electronic devices 1402 may be partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body.

The polishing body 1401 may include an internal circumferential region 1404 and an external circumferential region 1403. The plurality of electronic devices 1402 may be arranged in the external circumferential region 1403. In some cases, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may be located in the internal circumferential region 1404. In a further example, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may extend along a portion of the inner circumferential region 1404 and a portion of the outer circumferential region 1403. In another example, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may include ends that are aligned with the material removal surface of the polishing body 1401.

At least some of the electronic devices 1402 may include an electronic device 1410 and an antenna 1411. The electronic device 1410 may be located within the internal circumferential region 1405.

During the operation of polishing 1400, one or more of the electronic devices may come into contact with the material removal surface and a portion of the electronic device may be removed. The damaged electronic device may reflect the reduced power in response to the data receiving device or will not respond when it becomes inactive. The reduction in reflected energy can be sensed by the data receiving device and may be calculated by the data receiving device when the operator is warned about the wear condition of the polished article 1400 and has to replace the polished article 1400. Be able to decide.

FIG. 15 includes a plan view of a portion of the polishing body 1500 of another polishing article. The polishing body 1500 may include an inner circumference 1501 defining a center hole of the polishing body 1500 and an outer circumference 1502. In some cases, the perimeter may define the material removal surface. In some cases, the polishing body may include a main surface 1503. In other cases, the polishing body may include a peripheral surface 1503.

A wear detection sensor that includes a plurality of electronic devices may include a first electronic device 1504 and a second electronic device 1505. The first and second electronic devices 1504 and 1505 are staggered and can be arranged parallel to each other. The first and second electronic devices 1504 and 1505 extend along a portion of the polishing body 1500 and may be radially, axially, circumferentially, or a combination thereof separated from each other. In some cases, the first and second electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may extend along the surface 1503. In another case, the first and second electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may extend radially, axially, or a combination thereof towards the material removal surface. In a further example, one or each of the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may be partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body 1500.

_{The first electronic device 1504 may include a first} length L1 extending between the terminal 1512 and the terminal 1511, the terminal 1511 being closer to the inner circumference 1501 as compared to the terminal 1512, and the terminal 1512 being closer. , Closer to the outer circumference 1502 compared to the terminal 1511.

_{The second electronic device 1505 may include a second} length L 2 extending between the terminal 1513 and the terminal 1514, the terminal 1513 being closer to the inner circumference 1501 as compared to the terminal 1514, and the terminal 1514 being closer. , Closer to the outer circumference 1502 compared to the terminal 1513. The lengths, L ₁ and L _2, can be the same or different.

_{In some embodiments, the distance δd I1} from the end 1511 to the inner circumference 1501 can be greater than _{the distance δd I2} from the end 1513 to the inner circumference 1501. As an example, _{the relative difference between δd I1} and δd _I2 is at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or It can be at least 50%. In another case, _{the relative differences between δd I1} and δd _I2 are up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 45%, up to 40%, up to 40%. Can be 35%, or up to 30%. Further, the relative differences δd _I1 and δd _I2 can be within a range that includes any of the minimum and maximum proportions described herein.

_{In another aspect, the distance δd O2} from the end 1514 to the outer circumference 1502 can be greater than _{the distance δd O1} from the end 1512 to the outer circumference 1502. As an example, _{the relative difference between δd O1} and δd _O2 is at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or It can be at least 50%. In another case, _{the relative differences between δd O1} and δd _O2 are up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 45%, up to 40%, up to 40%. Can be 35%, or up to 30%. Further, the relative differences δd _O1 and δd _O2 can be within the range including any of the minimum and maximum proportions described herein.

In an exemplary operation of the polished article, the first electronic device 1504 can be damaged faster than the second polishing device 1505, which can cause changes in the signal received by the data receiving device. As an example, when wear reaches position 1507 of the first electronic device 1504, the first electronic device 1504 can be damaged and becomes inactive (eg, non-functional), while the second. The electronic device 1505 can remain functional. Signal changes such as signal strength or strength may be measured and / or calculated by the data receiving device, which may send a wear warning to the operator. In certain embodiments, the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may be positioned such that the wear level can be determined when the wear reaches a particular position, such as the 1507 of the first electronic device. As an example, the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 can be positioned so that the wear level can be 50% when reaching position 1507. As the operation continues, position 1506 can be reached and the second electronic device can be damaged. Further changes to the signal received by the data receiving device may be used to send a warning of another wear level, such as 80% wear, to warn the operator about the approaching life of the polished article.

In some exemplary forming processes, the polishing body precursor may be subjected to a heating cycle of 20-30 hours to form the finally formed polishing body. In some cases, electronic devices such as 1504 and 1505 may be subjected to the same heating cycle. In these cases, the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may include a protective layer to facilitate improved heat resistance of the electronic device and / or connection of the electronic device to the polishing body. The protective layer may cover at least a portion of the electronic device, and in certain cases, the protective layer may cover the entire electronic device. In some embodiments, the protective layer may include a heat resistant material. In another aspect, the protective layer may include the lead protective material described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the protective layer may include a polyimide film.

In other cases, electronic devices such as 1504 and 1505 may be coupled to the polishing body after the heating cycle is complete. In exemplary implementations, openings may be formed in wheel mounting plates and / or polishing bodies to accommodate electronic devices using snap-on configurations and the like. The electronic device may be secured to the outer surface of the mounting plate and / or the polishing body. In certain cases, the coating can be applied over electronic devices and / or at least a portion of the mounting plate and / or a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body. The coating may help secure the electronic device and / or protect the electronic device from the outside environment. The exemplary coating may include epoxies.

In another case, electronic devices such as 1504 and 1505 may include components that can be attached separately to the polishing body. For example, an electronic device may include a two-piece tag that includes an integrated circuit such as an antenna and an RFID circuit. The antenna can be attached to the polishing body before the heating cycle and the integrated circuit can be attached after the heating cycle. In certain implementations, the opening may be formed in a mounting plate attached to the polishing body precursor, and the antenna may be mounted near the cutout of the mounting plate to the outer surface of the polishing body precursor, such as the perimeter surface. .. In some cases, a non-polished portion, such as a layer of fiber, may be wrapped over at least a portion of the antenna and peripheral surface. After the heating cycle, the antenna may be glued to the polished body and / or the non-polished portion, and the integrated circuit may be located within the opening of the mounting plate via a snap-on configuration and attached to the antenna. In certain cases, the antenna can be a dipole antenna. In another specific case, the dipole antenna may be formed using a conductive material, including, for example, a metal wire such as a copper wire, a conductive ink. In another particular case, the dipole antenna may include a thin film such as a thin metal foil, and in more specific cases, the dipole antenna may include a thin copper foil tape. In another specific case, the electronic device may include the printed integrated circuit on a flexible substrate (eg PCB) and the antenna may be attached to the integrated circuit.

FIG. 16A includes a view of the polished article 1600 including the body 1601. The wear detection sensor may include an electronic device including an electronic element 1605 and an antenna 1606. The electronic element 1605 may be positioned within the internal circumferential region 1602 of the polishing body, and the antenna 1606 may be a material removal surface, i.e., a peripheral surface along a portion of the internal circumferential region 1602 and a portion of the external circumferential region 1603. Can be extended towards.

The material removal operations utilizing abrasive article 1600, as an outer diameter D _O is reduced, the size of the antenna 1606 may begin to decrease. By reducing the size of the antenna, the energy reflected by the antenna can be reduced. Referring to Figure 16B, as the wheel diameter D _O is reduced, a reduction in reflected energy increases. The outer diameter _DO is a function of reducing the energy reflected by the antenna. The wear of the polished article can be determined based on the reduction in reflected energy.

FIG. 17A includes a cross-sectional view of the polished article 1701 including a body 1702 and a wear detection sensor 1703 totally embedded in the polishing body 1702. The body may include a center hole 1705, an internal circumferential region 1706, and an external circumferential region 1707. The boundary between the inner and outer regions is indicated by the dotted line.

The wear detection sensor 1703 may include an electronic element 1709 located within the internal circumferential region 1706 and an antenna 1708 that extends in a meandering shape towards the material removal surface 1704. In another case, the antennas can be arranged in the form of a loop or multiple loops. Such an antenna shape or the like can promote improvement in wear detection. For example, during the material removal process, multiple parts of the antenna can be removed at the same wear level of the polishing body, which can increase the amount of data generated by the electronic device. In certain cases, the data can be compared and used to verify the wear level of the polishing body.

In some implementations, the antenna may be arranged so that a portion of the antenna can project from the outside of the main surface of the polishing body. As shown in FIG. 17B, the polishing article 1701 may include a body 1702 and a wear detection sensor 1713 embedded in the polishing body 1702. The wear detection sensor 1713 may include an electronic element 1709 and an antenna 1718, with a portion 1720 of the antenna 1718 raised above the main surface 1714. The raised portion 1720 abuts on the internal circumferential region 1716 and is visible from the main surface 1714, which allows visual observation of wear on the polishing body and the wear level detected by the data receiving device. Can help to confirm. As an example, the fact that the size of the raised portion 1720 begins to decrease can be an indicator of the approaching life. In another case, the disappearance of the raised portion 1720 may be an indicator that the polished article 1701 must be replaced.

The abrasive particles contained within the adhesive material of the abrasive article may include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, oxynitrides, acid borides, diamonds, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the abrasive particles may include super-abrasive materials such as cubic boron nitride or diamond.

In one embodiment, the average particle size (D50) of the abrasive particles is at least 0.1 micron, or at least 0.5 micron, or at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns, or at least 5 microns, or at least 8 microns. obtain. In another embodiment, the average particle size of the abrasive particles is 6000 microns or less, for example 5000 microns or less, or 3000 microns or less, or 2000 microns or less, or 1500 microns or less, or 1000 microns or less, or 900 microns or less, or It can be 800 microns or less, or 500 microns or less, or 300 microns or less. The average particle size of the abrasive particles can be a value within the range including any of the above-mentioned minimum values and maximum values.

The adhesive material of the polished article of the present disclosure may have certain adhesive chemistries that may facilitate the manufacture and performance improvement of the polished article. The adhesive material can be an inorganic material, an organic material, or a combination thereof. The adhesive material may have certain porosity or free porosity. In one embodiment, the adhesive material can be an inorganic material such as metal, metal alloy, ceramic, glass, ceramic, cermet, or any combination thereof. The adhesive material may have at least one of a single crystal phase, a polycrystalline phase, an amorphous phase, or any combination thereof. In a further aspect, the adhesive material may include oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides, or any combination thereof.

In another embodiment, the adhesive material may be an organic material such as a natural material, a synthetic material, a polymer, a resin, an epoxy, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, an elastomer, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the organic material is blended with a phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane, polyester, polyimide, polybenzoimidazole, aromatic polyamide, modified phenolic resin (epoxy-modified and rubber-modified resin, or plasticizer). Phenol resin), or any combination thereof.

The present disclosure further relates to a system for detecting wear in a polished article. The system may include a polishing body containing the polishing particles in the adhesive material and a wear detection system coupled to the polishing body. The wear detection system detects a change in the state of at least one lead coupled to a wear detection sensor and at least one lead configured to change state between the active and inactive states. , A wear detection sensor, including at least one logical device configured to generate a wear signal based on changes in state. In one aspect, the wear signal may correspond to a voltage increase measured over the electrical circuit of at least one lead.

In another embodiment, the system for detecting wear in a polished article receives data such as a wear signal generated by a wear detection sensor with any of the polished articles described in the embodiments herein. It may include a data receiving unit configured as such. In some embodiments, the data receiving unit is to transmit data, to provide energy to the wear detection sensor, to send a signal to the wear detection sensor, and to receive a response from the wear detection sensor. Or it may be further configured to be a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the electronic device, antenna, or electronic device may be wirelessly powered by a data receiving unit. In another aspect, the data receiving unit may include a data receiving device, a database, a system, or a combination thereof. An exemplary data receiving device may include a reader, an interrogator, a mobile phone, a computer, a database, or a combination thereof.

In a further case, the system may include an additional antenna, which does not have to be attached to an electronic device. In certain cases, the antenna can help boost the signal generated by the wear detection sensor, the data receiving unit, or both.

FIG. 18 includes a diagram of an exemplary system for detecting wear in a polished article 1803 including a wear detection sensor 1804. The polished article 1803 is installed in a grinder containing a metal cage 1801 and is used in the material removal process. The metal cage 1801 may include an opening and the booster antenna 1805 is placed in the opening. The system may further include a data receiving unit including an edge receiving antenna 1806, an edge computing processor 1807, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the edge calculation process may be connected to the cloud or the like.

Metal cages can adversely affect signal transmission. With the help of booster antenna 1805, signals generated by wear detection sensor 1804, such as wear signals or reflected energy or another signal, are amplified and / or transmitted by the booster antenna and received by the edge receive antenna 1806 and processor 1807. You may.

The present disclosure further relates to a method of detecting wear of a polished article. In one embodiment, the method of detecting wear of a polished article may include performing a material removal process on the polished article. The polished article may comprise a polishing body having polishing particles contained within the adhesive material and may have a wear detection sensor embedded in at least a portion of the polishing body, or the wear detection sensor may be an outer surface of the polishing body. Can be extended along. During the material removal process, the polished article may wear and the material of the polishing body may be removed, which may be detected by the wear signal generated by the wear detection sensor. The wear signal may be based on the removal of at least a portion of the wear detection sensor. As mentioned above, the wear detection sensor may include at least one lead and the wear signal may correspond to the inactive state of one of the at least one lead by interrupting the current through the lead. ..

In another embodiment, the method of detecting wear of a polished article is to remove at least a portion of a wear detection sensor attached to at least a portion of the polishing body and a wear signal based on the removal of at least a portion of the wear detection sensor. Can include, and to generate. In some embodiments, removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may include removing a portion of the antenna. In a further aspect, reductions in antenna length or surface area or combinations thereof can result in the generation of wear signals. In a further aspect, the wear signal can be received and interpreted by the data receiving device as an indicator of wear level.

In another aspect, removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor comprises removing the first portion of the first electronic device and removing the second portion of the second electronic device. Can include. In a further aspect, the first wear signal can be generated based on the removal of the first part and the second wear signal can be generated based on the removal of the second part. In yet another embodiment, the first and second wear signals may be compared by a data receiving unit to determine the wear level of the polished article. In yet another embodiment, additional parts of the electronic device, such as a third part or higher, may be removed and additional wear signals may be generated and used to confirm the wear level.

In another embodiment, the method of detecting the wear of the polished article may include improving the response of the wear detection sensor. In certain implementations, the polished article may be installed in a grinder containing a metal cage. Only a portion of the polished article may be exposed to the external environment during the grinding operation. Since the metal cage can adversely affect the signal transmission of the wear detection sensor, the signal can be transmitted only when the wear detection sensor is exposed to the external environment. As an example, a data receiving device may receive the energy reflected by the electronic device only when the wear detection sensor is exposed, which may result in a low data output frequency by the data receiving device. As shown in FIG. 19A, if the wear detection sensor includes one electronic device, the reflected energy may be received at intervals. Increasing the number of electronic devices helps to reduce their spacing, and in certain cases it may be possible to receive reflected energy continuously. In certain embodiments, the wear detection sensor may include at least two, at least four, or more electronic devices to improve the wear detection sensor's response to the data receiving device. In another aspect, the method of detecting wear of a polished article may include improving the frequency of the data output by the data receiving device. As shown in FIG. 19B, when the wear detection sensor includes four electronic devices, the reflected energy can be detected at shorter intervals as compared to a wear detection sensor having one electronic device.

Further embodiments are directed to methods of detecting vibration, acoustics, revolutions per minute, cracks, and / or other operating conditions of the polished article. The wear detection sensors described in the embodiments herein may be suitable for detection. As an example, certain operating conditions, such as cracks, vibrations, and acoustics, which can be detected by a wear detection sensor, can affect the resistance or impedance of the electric field and cause signal changes. In some cases, one or more additional components such as another electronic device, logic element, passive element, lead, antenna, etc. are coupled to the wear detection sensor to facilitate detection of the operating conditions of the polished article. be able to.

FIG. 20 includes a diagram of a particular example of the wear sensor 2000 according to an embodiment. The wear sensor 2000 may include a sensing circuit 2001, a microcontroller 2002, an RFID transceiver 2003, and an antenna 2004. In certain embodiments, the sensing circuit 2001 may convert the magnetic field to an equivalent digital electrical output (current / voltage). Alternatively, the wear sensor 2000 may include an analog-to-digital converter for converting the sensed signal. In another embodiment, the wear sensor 2000 may include additional components such as passive elements. As an example, the wear sensor 2000 may include a memory for storing data. In certain embodiments, the wear sensor 2000 may be included in a package printed or mounted on a substrate.

The microcontroller 2002 may receive a signal from the sensing circuit 2001 and transmit the relevant data to the RFID transceiver 2003 and / or the external communication unit. The microcontroller 2002 performs certain operations such as determining the wear level based on the sense signal received from the sense circuit and / or transmitting data related to the wear level to the RFID transceiver 2003. May be good. In some cases, the data transmitted from the microcontroller 2002 adjusts the sensing signal, wear level, and / or grinding / cutting parameters, and / or commands to end the current grinding / cutting operation, appropriate grinding. It may contain additional information, such as displaying / disconnect operations, or any combination thereof. The microcontroller may also store the data in transceiver 2003 or memory, which may be referenced for the next operation using a polishing tool. Additionally or optionally, the microcontroller 2002 may receive the data from the RFID transceiver 2003 and transmit the data to the sensing circuit 2001.

Antenna 2004 can be directional or omnidirectional. Antenna 2004 may function to receive and / or transmit signals and / or data to an external communication unit. The sensing circuit 2000 may be battery powered, wire powered, or wirelessly powered through antenna 2004, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or any combination thereof.

An exemplary sensing circuit may include a magnetometer such as a 3-axis magnetometer, a temperature and / or humidity sensor, a 3-axis accelerometer, a capacitive input interface, or any combination thereof.

The magnetometer can sense the ambient magnetic field and convert it into a digital electrical output. In applications involving iron workpieces, the inherent magnetic field of the workpiece can be a magnetic field fluctuation source for the magnetometer. The magnetometer can sense the proximity of the work piece to the polishing tool. In some applications, the magnetometer can act as a counter that displays the number of grinds performed on a single workpiece as changes in the dimensions of the workpiece can cause changes to the magnetic field. In other applications, polishing tool wear can be detected and displayed by abrupt changes to the magnetic field. In some cases, the interference of grinding by foreign matter can be detected by the interference of the magnetic field. Improper tilting of the work piece causes a shift in the magnetic field, which can be sensed by a magnetometer.

The temperature and / or humidity sensor may sense the ambient temperature and / or humidity and, in some cases, may convert the signal to an equivalent digital electrical output. In some cases, the temperature and / or humidity sensor may be based on capacitive sensing and may not be affected by the magnetic field of the iron environment. In some cases, the temperature and / or humidity sensor may detect the presence of coolant on the work piece, improper use of the coolant, or any combination thereof, depending on the effect on the volume of the coolant.

The 3-axis accelerometer can be based on a MEMS accelerometer that senses acceleration in the 3-axis. The 3-axis accelerometer may sense the vibration and angular acceleration of the polishing tool and may convert the sensed signal to an equivalent digital electrical output. In some cases, acoustic data can be obtained by detecting surface sound waves. In other cases, the 3-axis accelerometer may sense the wheel rpm by calculating the number of iteration cycles of grinding.

In some cases, the wear sensor may further include a capacitive plate or wire if the capacitive input interface is used as a sensing circuit. Capacitive plates or wires may be outside the components shown in FIG. Capacitive plates or wires can sense variations in the density of the polishing body, such as material loss or cracks in the polishing body. Capacitive changes may be sensed by a capacitive input interface and converted to an equivalent digital electrical output.

FIG. 21 includes a diagram of components of a radio frequency reader 2100 that includes a radio frequency unit (eg, transceiver) 2106. The radio frequency unit 2106 can generate a radio frequency signal and receive reflected signals and data from a wear sensor such as the wear sensor 2000. The up-transducer 2107 and down-converter 2108 may adjust and match the frequencies between the control unit 2102 and the radio frequency signal. The DAC unit 2104 and the ADC unit 2106 are analog-to-digital converters. The control unit 2102 may control all data acquisition and may use the same antenna as a transmitter and receiver. The Wi-Fi / Bluetooth unit 2101 may facilitate communication with an external server, visualization device, cloud, or any combination thereof. The reader 2100 may be powered by the power unit 2103. In other implementations, the reader 2100 may include one or more additional components or fewer components than the figure.

The polished articles described in the embodiments herein can be employed in a variety of material removal operations, and it is desirable to observe the wear stages of the polishing body during the material removal process. Non-limiting examples include, but are not limited to, adhesive abrasives that can be of various grades, structures, and shapes. In one particular embodiment, the polished article may include an adhesive grinding wheel. More specifically, the polishing article may be a polishing wheel configured to be attached to a portion of a vehicle or other object configured to grind a railroad track.

It will be appreciated that the polished articles of the present disclosure may have any suitable size and shape known in the art.

Many different embodiments and embodiments are possible. Some of these embodiments and embodiments are described herein. After reading this specification, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that those embodiments and embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the invention. The embodiments may follow any one or more of the embodiments listed below.

Embodiment 1. Embodiment 1. A polishing article comprising a polishing body containing polishing particles contained in an adhesive material and a wear detection sensor configured to detect changes in the dimensions of the polishing body, wherein at least a portion of the wear detection sensor An polished article that is connected to and extends along at least a portion of the polishing body.
Embodiment 2. At least one that communicates with the polishing body, which is a polishing article and contains the polishing particles contained within the adhesive material, a wear detection sensor having at least one lead in contact with the polishing body, and at least one conductive lead. A polished article, including one logic device.
Embodiment 3. The polished article according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein at least a part of the wear detection sensor extends along the outer surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 4. Either of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the first portion of the wear detection sensor is connected to a portion of the polishing body, the second portion of the wear detection sensor is connected to the hub, and the hub is connected to the polishing body. The polished article described in one.
Embodiment 5. The polished article of embodiment 4, wherein the first portion comprises at least one lead and the second portion comprises a logic device.
Embodiment 6. The polished article according to embodiment 4, wherein the first portion comprises a logical device and the second portion comprises at least one lead extending from the logical device.
Embodiment 7. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein at least a part of the wear detection sensor is embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 8. The polished article according to the seventh embodiment, wherein the portion of the wear detection sensor embedded in the polishing body extends to the depth within the volume of the polishing body toward the material removal surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 9. 8. The polished article of embodiment 8, wherein the portion of the wear detection sensor embedded in the polishing body comprises at least one lead extending from a logical device.
Embodiment 10. The polishing article according to embodiment 9, wherein the logic device is connected to the outer surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 11. 10. The polishing article according to embodiment 10, wherein the logical device is connected to a hub and the hub is connected to a polishing body.
Embodiment 12. 10. The polished article of embodiment 10, wherein the portion of the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of threads extending parallel to each other at different depths within the volume of the polishing body.
Embodiment 13. The polished article according to the second embodiment, wherein the logic device and the wear detection sensor are connected to the outer surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 14. The polished article according to the first embodiment, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one lead in contact with the polishing body.
Embodiment 15. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 2 and 14, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of leads.
Embodiment 16. 15. The polished article of embodiment 15, wherein at least one of the plurality of leads extends along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 17. The polished article according to embodiment 15, wherein the majority of the leads extend along a part of the outer surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 18. The polished article according to embodiment 15, wherein each of the leads among the plurality of leads extends along a part of the outer surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 19. The polished article according to embodiment 15, wherein the plurality of leads have different lengths as compared to each other.
20. The polished article according to embodiment 14, wherein at least one of the plurality of leads is embedded in the polishing body.
21. Embodiment 21. 20. The polished article according to embodiment 20, wherein all of the leads among the plurality of leads are embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 22. 20. The polished article of embodiment 20, wherein at least two of the leads have ends separated from each other.
23. 22. The polished article of embodiment 22, wherein each of the leads among the plurality of leads has an end and each of the ends is separated from each other.
Embodiment 24. 23. The polished article of embodiment 23, wherein each of the ends is located at a different position with respect to each other.
Embodiment 25. 23. The polished article of embodiment 23, wherein each of the ends is embedded with respect to each other at different depths within the polishing body.
Embodiment 26. The polished article according to any one of Embodiments 2 and 14, wherein at least one lead is partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 27. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 2 and 14, wherein at least one lead is embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 28. The polished article of embodiment 2 or 14, wherein at least one lead comprises an elongated plate or wire adapted to vary resistance in response to the length of the elongated plate or wire.
Embodiment 29. Embodiment 2 comprises at least one lead comprising an electrical circuit comprising two wires connected by a plurality of resistors, the resistors being positioned parallel to each other at different locations along the length direction of the two wires. Or the polished article according to 14.
30. The polished article according to embodiment 2 or 14, wherein the at least one lead comprises a metal or a metal alloy.
Embodiment 31. The polished article according to the first embodiment, further comprising a logical device that communicates with a wear detection sensor.
Embodiment 32. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 2, 14, or 31, wherein the logic device comprises a microcontroller configured to detect a change in the state of the wear detection sensor.
Embodiment 33. The wear detection sensor comprises at least one read configured to change the state between the active and inactive states, and the logic device is configured to detect the change in the state of at least one lead. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 2, 14, or 31, comprising the microcontroller.
Embodiment 34. The wear detection sensor has multiple leads, each of the leads has an end at a different position, and during use, the end of the lead is worn and is inactive from the active state at the time of wear. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 2, 14, or 31 that is adapted to change state to state.
Embodiment 35. Distance ΔDT orthogonal to the original outer material removal surface of the polishing body to the end of at least one lead is at least 100 microns, such as at least 200 microns, or at least 300 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 800 microns. Or at least 900 microns, or at least 1000 microns, or at least 5000 microns, and 1.5 meters or less, such as 1.3 meters or less, or 1.0 meters or less, or 0.8 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less. , Or 0.3 meters or less, or 0.1 meters or less, or 0.05 meters or less, or 0.01 meters or less, according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31.
Embodiment 36. The distance ΔDI between the two end lead ends relative to each other in the thickness direction of the polishing body is at least 50 microns, eg, at least 100 microns, at least 250 microns, at least 500 microns, or at least 1000 microns, and 1.5 meters. Below, for example, 1.2 meters or less, or 1 meter or less, or 0.8 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, or 0.3 meters or less, or 0.2 meters or less, or 0.1 meters or less, Or the polished article according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31, which is 0.05 meters or less, or 0.01 meters or less.
Embodiment 37. The total length of at least one lead is at least 100 microns, eg, at least 200 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 1000 microns, or at least 10,000 microns, or at least 50,000 microns, and 10 meters or less, eg, 8. Meter or less, 5 meters or less, 3 meters or less, 2 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.0 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.5 meters or less, 0.3 meters or less , 0.2 meters or less, 0.1 meters or less, 0.05 meters or less, or 0.01 meters or less, according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31.
Embodiment 38. The polished article according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31, wherein each of the at least one leads comprises an electrical circuit.
Embodiment 39. The polished article according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31, wherein at least one lead is a plurality of leads, and the plurality of leads are combined in one electric circuit.
Embodiment 40. The polished article according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31, wherein at least one lead comprises at least two leads, or at least three leads, at least five leads, at least seven leads, or at least nine leads.
Embodiment 41. At least one lead is 100 or less leads, for example 80 or less leads, 60 or less leads, 50 or less leads, 30 or less leads, 20 or less leads, 15 or less leads, Or the polished article according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31, which comprises 10 or less leads.
Embodiment 42. The polished article according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31, wherein the logical device further comprises a communication device for wireless communication with an external controller.
Embodiment 43. 42. The polished article according to embodiment 42, wherein the communication device is a transceiver.
Embodiment 44. The polished article according to embodiment 43, wherein the communication device is an RFID transceiver.
Embodiment 45. A system for detecting wear in a polished article, including a polishing body having polishing particles contained in an adhesive material and a wear detection system connected to the polishing body, and the wear detection system is in an active state. A wear detection sensor containing at least one lead configured to change state between and inactive, and a state change in state connected to the wear detection sensor and at least one lead. A system comprising at least one logical device configured to generate a wear signal based on change.
Embodiment 46. 45. The system of embodiment 45, wherein the wear signal corresponds to a voltage change measured over the electrical circuit of at least one lead.
Embodiment 47. 45. The system of embodiment 45, wherein each lead of at least one lead has an independent electrical circuit, and the inactive state of at least one lead corresponds to the interrupted electrical circuit.
Embodiment 48. It is a system for detecting wear in a polished article, and includes a polishing body having polishing particles contained in an adhesive material and a wear detection system connected to the polishing body, and the wear detection system is a polishing body. A wear detection sensor that includes at least one lead configured to change resistance during wear, and a wear detection sensor that is coupled to and measures the resistance of at least one lead and is based on the measured resistance change. A system comprising at least one logical device configured to generate a wear signal.
Embodiment 49. 28. The system of embodiment 48, wherein the at least one lead is an elongated plate or wire adapted to vary resistance in response to the length of the elongated plate or wire.
Embodiment 50. Embodiment 48, wherein at least one lead comprises an electrical circuit comprising two wires connected by a plurality of resistors, the resistors being positioned parallel to each other at different locations along the length distance of the two wires. The system described in.
Embodiment 51. A method for detecting wear in a polished article, in which a material removal process is performed on a polishing body with abrasive particles contained within the adhesive material, and a wear detection sensor embedded in at least a portion of the polishing body. A method comprising removing at least a portion and generating a wear signal based on removing at least a portion of a wear detection sensor.
Embodiment 52. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one lead configured to change state between active and inactive states.
Embodiment 53. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear signal is generated by removing at least a portion of at least one lead and changing the lead state from an active state to an inactive state.
Embodiment 54. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear signal corresponds to a voltage change measured over the electrical circuit of at least one lead.
Embodiment 55. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear signal corresponds to a measured resistance change of at least one lead.
Embodiment 56. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the at least one lead is an elongated plate or wire and the resistance change corresponds to a decrease in the length of the elongated plate or wire during wear of the polishing body.
Embodiment 57. At least one lead comprises an electrical circuit containing two wires connected by multiple resistors, the resistors being positioned parallel to each other at different locations along the length of the two wires, and the entire circuit. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the change in resistance corresponds to the amount of broken resistor during wear of the polishing body.
Embodiment 58. It ’s a polished article,
The polishing body containing the polishing particles contained in the adhesive material,
Equipped with a wear detection sensor connected to the polishing body,
A wear detection sensor is configured to detect changes in the dimensions of the polishing body,
A polished article in which the wear detection sensor comprises at least one electronic device.
Embodiment 59. 58. The polished article of 58, wherein at least a portion of the wear detection sensor is in direct contact with a portion of the polishing body.
Embodiment 60. 25. The polished article of embodiment 58 or 59, wherein the at least one electronic device comprises an antenna.
Embodiment 61. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58-60, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one, at least two, at least four, or at least six antennas.
Embodiment 62. The polishing article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein the electronic device is attached to the main surface of the polishing body, the peripheral surface of the polishing body, or a combination thereof.
Embodiment 63. The polishing article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein the electronic device is at least partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 64. The polishing article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein the electronic device is completely embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 65. In any one of embodiments 58-64, the wear detection sensor comprises an electrical component coupled to at least one electronic device, wherein the electrical component comprises a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, or a combination thereof. The polished article described.
Embodiment 66. 65. The polished article of embodiment 65, wherein the electrical component comprises a first capacitive plate and a second capacitive plate that is spaced away from the first capacitive plate.
Embodiment 67. 25. 66. The polished article.
Embodiment 68. The polishing article according to any one of embodiments 65-67, wherein the electrical component is attached to a portion of the polishing body or at least partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 69. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 65-68, wherein at least one of the first and second capacity plates is attached to the main surface of the polishing body, the peripheral surface of the polishing body, or a combination thereof. ..
Embodiment 70. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 65-69, wherein both the first and second capacitance plates are attached to the main surface or the peripheral surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 71. 16. Polished goods.
Embodiment 72. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 65-68, wherein both the first and second volume plates are at least partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 73. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 65-68, wherein both the first and second volume plates are totally embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 74. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 73, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a loop circuit.
Embodiment 75. The polished article of embodiment 74, wherein the loop circuit comprises a resistant wire loop coupled to at least one electronic device.
Embodiment 76. The polished article according to embodiment 74 or 75, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a loop circuit comprising electrical components.
Embodiment 77. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 74 to 76, wherein the loop circuit further comprises a resistant element.
Embodiment 78. The polished article of embodiment 77, wherein the resistant element comprises a resistor, a resistant wire, or a combination thereof.
Embodiment 79. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 74-78, wherein the loop circuit comprises a plurality of capacitors, a plurality of resistors, a plurality of inductors, or a combination thereof.
80. At least one electronic device comprises an electronic device and an antenna directly and electrically connected to the electronic device, wherein the electronic device is a chip, an integrated circuit, logic, a transponder, a transceiver, a memory, a passive element, or them. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 64, comprising any combination of the above.
Embodiment 81. 80. The polished article according to embodiment 80, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of electronic devices including at least one electronic device.
Embodiment 82. 80 or 81. The polished article according to embodiment 80 or 81, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of electronic devices, at least some of the electronic devices comprising an antenna.
Embodiment 83. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 82, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of electronic devices, each of which comprises an antenna.
Embodiment 84. 1 The polished article described in 1.
Embodiment 85. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 84, wherein the antenna comprises a thin film antenna.
Embodiment 86. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 85, wherein the antenna comprises a surface area that is greater than the surface area of the electronic device.
Embodiment 87. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80-87, wherein the antenna extends over a larger surface area of the polishing body as compared to an electronic element.
Embodiment 88. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80-87, wherein the antenna is directly and electrically coupled to the integrated circuit.
Embodiment 89. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 86-88, wherein the electronic device including the antenna is connected to a non-polished portion of the polished article.
Embodiment 90. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80-89, wherein the antenna extends along a main surface, a peripheral surface, or a portion of both toward the material removing surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 91. The polishing article according to any one of embodiments 80-90, wherein the antenna is at least partially or wholly embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 92. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 91, wherein the antenna extends in the radial direction, the axial direction, the circumferential direction, or a combination thereof of the polishing body.
Embodiment 93. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80-92, wherein the antenna is arranged in a loop, a meandering shape, or a combination thereof.
Embodiment 94. One of embodiments 80-93, wherein the electronic element is located within the internal circumferential region of the polishing body, the electronic element comprises an integrated element, and the integrated element is located within the internal circumferential region. Polished article described in.
Embodiment 95. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 94, wherein the electronic element is located in the non-polished portion of the polishing body and the antenna is located in the polished portion of the polishing body.
Embodiment 96. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80-95, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a package comprising at least a portion of an electronic element, an antenna, or a combination thereof.
Embodiment 97. The polished article according to embodiment 96, wherein the package comprises a protective layer.
Embodiment 98. The polished article of embodiment 97, wherein the protective layer comprises a material comprising polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or any combination thereof.
Embodiment 99. The polished article according to embodiment 98 or 99, wherein the protective layer encloses the electronic device and the antenna.
Embodiment 100. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 99, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of antennas, wherein the plurality of antennas have different lengths as compared to each other.
Embodiment 101. Implementations where the relative difference in length between multiple antennas can be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 17%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%. The polished article according to the form 100.
Embodiment 102. Relative length differences between multiple antennas are up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 45%, up to 40%, up to 35%, or up to The polished article according to embodiment 100 or 101, which may be 30% in size.
Embodiment 103. 10. The polished article of embodiment 102, wherein the plurality of antennas extend at different distances along the polishing body towards the material removal surface.
Embodiment 104. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 100 to 103, wherein at least one of the antennas is located within the internal circumferential region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 105. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 100 to 104, wherein at least one of the antennas extends from the inner circumference region to the outer circumference region.
Embodiment 106. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 100 to 105, wherein at least one of the antennas is located within the outer circumferential region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 107. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 106, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of antennas, and at least one of the antennas comprises a flared body.
Embodiment 108. 10. The polished article of embodiment 107, wherein each of the plurality of antennas comprises a flared body.
Embodiment 109. At least one of the antennas extends radially, axially, or a combination thereof from the central region of the polished body towards the material removal surface, and the flared body width is such that the antenna is the polished body. 10. The polished article according to embodiment 107 or 108, which increases as it extends from the central region of the to the material removal surface.
Embodiment 110. Embodiment 107 or 108, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas extends radially, axially, or a combination thereof, over at least a portion of the central region of the polishing body and over at least a portion of the internal circumferential region. Polished article described in.
Embodiment 111. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 107 to 110, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas extends from the central region of the polishing body to the internal circumferential region into the external region.
Embodiment 112. 11. The polished article of embodiment 111, wherein at least one of the plurality of secondary antennas has an end aligned with a material removal surface.
Embodiment 113. 11. The polishing article according to embodiment 111 or 112, wherein each of the plurality of antennas extends into an external region over a portion of the internal circumferential region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 114. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 111-113, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas comprises at least a portion exposed to the outside environment.
Embodiment 115. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 111-114, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas is partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 116. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 111-115, wherein each of the antennas is partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 117. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 111-116, wherein at least one of the antennas comprises a portion projecting to the outside of a surface portion of an internal circumferential region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 118. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 111-117, wherein at least one of the antennas extends along a portion of the main surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 119. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 111-118, wherein each of the antennas extends along a portion of the main surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 120. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 80 to 118, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of antennas, and one or more of the plurality of antennas comprises a main body including a curved portion.
Embodiment 121. The polished article according to embodiment 119 or 120, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas has a curved body, and at least a part of the curved body extends in the circumferential direction of the polishing body.
Embodiment 122. The polished article according to embodiment 119 or 120, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas has a length extending in the circumferential direction.
Embodiment 123. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 122, wherein each one of the antennas has a length extending in the circumferential direction of the polishing body.
Embodiment 124. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119-122, wherein one or more of the antennas extend radially, circumferentially, axially, or a combination thereof.
Embodiment 125. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119-124, wherein the wear detection sensor may include first and second antennas extending in opposite directions from the same electronic device.
Embodiment 126. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119-125, wherein one or each of the antennas extends along a portion of the internal circumferential region, a portion of the external circumferential region, or a combination thereof. ..
Embodiment 127. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 126, wherein each of the antennas is located outside the central region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 128. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 127, wherein at least one of the electronic elements is located outside the central region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 129. The polishing article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 128, wherein each of the electronic elements is located outside the central region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 130. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119-129, wherein at least one of the antennas extends along a portion of the main surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 131. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 130, wherein at least one of the antennas is attached to the main surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 132. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 131, wherein each one of the antennas extends along a portion of the main surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 133. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 132, wherein each one of the antennas is attached to the main surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 134. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 133, wherein at least one of the antennas is at least partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 135. The polishing article according to any one of embodiments 119-134, wherein each of the antennas is at least partially embedded in the polishing body.
Embodiment 136. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119-135, wherein at least one of the antennas comprises a portion exposed to the outside environment.
Embodiment 137. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 136, wherein at least one of the antennas comprises a portion projecting outward of a surface portion of an internal circumferential region.
Embodiment 138. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 137, wherein each antenna comprises a portion of a surface portion of an internal circumferential region that projects outward.
Embodiment 139. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 119 to 138, wherein the antennas have different lengths as compared to each other.
Embodiment 140. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 60, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of electronic devices.
Embodiment 141. The wear detection sensor comprises at least two electronic devices, at least three, at least five, at least six, or at least eight electronic devices, each of which is aligned with a portion of the polishing body. The polished article according to embodiment 140, which extends toward the material removal surface of the above.
Embodiment 142. The polished article of embodiment 141, wherein at least one of the electronic devices extends in the radial, axial, or combination thereof of the polishing body.
Embodiment 143. The polishing article according to embodiment 141 or 142, wherein at least one electronic element of the electronic device is located in the internal circumferential region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 144. The polished article according to embodiment 143, wherein the electronic element includes an integrated circuit, and the integrated circuit is positioned in an internal circumferential region.
Embodiment 145. The polished article of embodiments 141-144, wherein at least one of the electronic devices has an end that is aligned with the material removal surface of the polishing body.
Embodiment 146. Embodiment 145, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a first electronic device and a second electronic device, the first and second electronic devices being spaced apart from each other and extending along a portion of the polishing body. Polished article described in.
Embodiment 147. The polished article of embodiment 146, wherein the first electronic device is positioned closer to the material removal surface as compared to the second electronic device.
Embodiment 148. The polishing article according to embodiment 146 or 147, wherein the second electronic device is positioned closer to the inner circumference of the polishing body as compared to the first electronic device.
Embodiment 149. The first electronic device has a first length extending from the first end of the first body to the second end toward the outer circumference, and the second electronic device has a third end to a third. It has a second length extending towards the outer circumference to the end of 4, the first end is closer to the inner circumference compared to the third end, and the second end is compared to the fourth end. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 146 to 148, which is farther from the outer circumference.
Embodiment 150. The polished article according to embodiment 149, wherein the first length and the second length extend in the radial direction or the axial direction of the polishing body.
Embodiment 151. The polished article according to embodiment 149 or 150, wherein the first electronic device is parallel to the second electronic device.
Embodiment 152. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 149 to 151, wherein the first and second electronic devices are staggered.
Embodiment 153. _{The distance δd I1} between the first end and the inner circumference is greater than _{the distance δd I2} between the third end and the inner circumference, and _{the relative difference between δd I1} and δd _I2 is at least 2. %, At least 5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%, according to any one of embodiments 149-152. Polished article.
Embodiment 154. The relative difference between δd _I1 and δd _I2 is up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 45%, up to 40%, up to 35%, or The polished article according to embodiment 153, which has a maximum of 30%.
Embodiment 155. _{The distance δd O2} between the fourth end and the outer circumference is greater than _{the distance δd O1} from the second end to the outer circumference _{, and the relative difference between δd O1} and δd _O2 is at least 2%, at least 5 %, At least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%, according to any one of embodiments 149-154.
Embodiment 156. The relative difference between δd _O1 and δd _O2 is up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, up to 45%, up to 40%, up to 35%, or The polished article according to embodiment 155, which has a maximum of 30%.
Embodiment 157. The wear detection sensor comprises an electronic device, the device includes chips, integrated circuits, data transponders, tags or sensors based on radio frequencies with or without chips, electronic tags, electronic memories, sensors, analog-to-digital converters, transmissions. Instrument, receiver, transceiver, modulator circuit, multiplexer, antenna, short range communication device, power supply, display (eg LCD or OLED screen), optical device (eg LED), global positioning system (GPS) or device, The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58-156, comprising fixed or programmable logic, or any combination thereof.
Embodiment 158. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 157, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises an electronic device comprising a radio frequency identification tag or sensor, a short range communication tag or sensor, or a combination thereof.
Embodiment 159. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 158, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of electronic devices, wherein at least one of the electronic devices is arranged in an internal circumferential region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 160. The polished article according to embodiment 159, wherein each of the electronic devices is arranged outside the outer circumferential region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 161. The polishing article according to embodiment 159 or 160, wherein each of the electronic devices is located outside the central region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 162. The polished article according to embodiment 160 or 161 in which at least one of the electronic devices is located in the central region of the polishing body.
Embodiment 163. The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 162, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of electronic devices comprising a plurality of integrated circuits.
Embodiment 164. A system for detecting wear in polished articles.
The polished article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 163, and the polished article.
A system comprising a data receiving unit configured to receive data generated by a wear detection sensor.
Embodiment 165. 164. The system of embodiment 164, wherein the data receiving unit is further configured to transmit data.
Embodiment 166. 164 or 165. The system of embodiment 164 or 165, wherein the data receiving unit is configured to provide energy to the wear detection sensor.
Embodiment 167. 166. The system of embodiment 166, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises an antenna and an electronic element, the antenna, the electronic element, or both being wirelessly powered by a data receiving unit.
Embodiment 168. The system according to any one of embodiments 164 to 167, wherein the data receiving unit is configured to send a signal to and receive a response from the wear detection sensor.
Embodiment 169. The system according to any one of embodiments 164 to 168, further comprising an antenna, wherein the antenna is not coupled to a wear detection sensor.
Embodiment 170. The system according to any one of embodiments 164 to 169, wherein the antenna is configured to boost a signal generated by a wear detection sensor, a data receiving unit, or both.
Embodiment 171. The system according to any one of embodiments 164 to 170, wherein the data receiving unit comprises a reader, an interrogator, a mobile phone, a computer, a database, or a combination thereof.
Embodiment 172. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor comprises removing a portion of the antenna.
Embodiment 173. 51 or 172. The method of embodiment 51 or 172, wherein generating a wear signal is based on reducing the surface area, length, or combination thereof of the antenna.
Embodiment 174. The generation of the wear signal is based on the generation of the first wear signal based on removing at least the first part of the wear detection sensor and the removal of at least the second part of the wear detection sensor. The method according to any one of embodiments 51 and 172 to 173, comprising generating a second wear signal.
Embodiment 175. 174. The method of embodiment 174, further comprising comparing the first wear signal and the second wear signal to determine the wear of the polishing body.
Embodiment 176. The wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of electronic devices, the first part of the wear detection sensor comprises the first part of the first electronic device, and the second part of the wear detection sensor is the second electronic device. 174 or 175. The method of embodiment 174 or 175, comprising a second portion of the above.
Embodiment 177. 51. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear detection sensor portion comprises an antenna portion.
Embodiment 178. 177. The method of embodiment 177, wherein the wear signal comprises reducing the energy reflected by the antenna and the dimensions of the polishing body are a function of the reduction.
Embodiment 179. 178. The method of embodiment 178, further comprising determining a first dimension of the polishing body based on a first wear signal and a second dimension of the polishing body based on a second wear signal.
Embodiment 180. 179. The method of embodiment 179, further comprising comparing the first and second dimensions and determining the wear of the polishing body.

Example 1. Manufacture polishing wheels for grinding railroad tracks, including wear detection sensors. Form and press the polishing body of grinding wheels. Prior to applying the external fiber windings to the wheel, a plurality of five leads are attached to the outer surface of the wheel by gluing and the leads extend axially x towards the outer grinding surface of the wheel, as also shown in FIG. Make it exist. After applying the external fiber windings and hub to the wheel, a logic device in the form of a microcontroller is connected to the leads via electrical wiring and mounted inside the polishing body of the wheel. The logical device includes an RFID chip for wirelessly transmitting data regarding the wear stage of the polishing body to an external control device handled by the operator.

Example 2. Wheel operation during track grinding A plurality of polishing wheels manufactured as described in the first embodiment are mounted on a railway track grinder. During the grinding operation, the leads of the wear detection sensor on each wheel break as the polishing body wears. The exact wear of each wheel is measured by the amount of broken leads, which corresponds to the amount of lead change from the active phase to the inactive phase (closed circuit to open circuit), and is registered by the logical device. Based on the amount of broken leads, the logical device for each wheel calculates the singular number of remaining polished wheel life in% and transmits this number to the control device via RFID chips. The control device collects data for each wheel mounted on the track grinder and displays it by blinking a red light bulb during the grinding operation when a particular wheel needs to be replaced.

The embodiments described above relate to adhesively polished products, especially grinding wheels, which represent a break from state-of-the-art technology.

Benefits, other benefits, and solutions to problems are described above for a particular embodiment. However, any benefit, benefit, solution to the problem, and any feature (s) in which any benefit, benefit, or solution may occur or become more prominent are important for any or all claims. Should not be construed as an essential or essential feature. As used herein, a material comprising one or more l components can be construed to include at least one embodiment in which the material is essentially composed of one or more identified components. The term "becomes essential" refers to a composition that includes the identified material and excludes all other materials apart from a small number of contents (eg, impurity content) that do not significantly change the properties of the material. Interpreted to include. In addition, or as an alternative, in certain non-limiting embodiments, none of the compositions identified herein may contain essentially any material not explicitly disclosed. It will be appreciated that embodiments herein include a range of content for a particular component in a material, with a total content of the component in a given material being 100%. The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The specification and examples are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all elements and features of the device and system using the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, for brevity, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment are also separately provided. Alternatively, it may be provided in any sub-combination. In addition, references to the values mentioned in the range include any value within that range. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art just by reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used to derive from this disclosure such that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or other modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure should be considered exemplary rather than limiting.

Claims (15)

It ’s a polished article,
The polishing body containing the polishing particles contained in the adhesive material,
A wear detection sensor configured to detect changes in the dimensions of the polishing body, wherein at least a portion of the wear detecting sensor is connected to and extends along at least a portion of the polishing body. , A wear detection sensor, and a polishing article. The polished article according to claim 1, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one electronic device including at least one antenna. The polished article according to claim 2, wherein the antenna extends to a larger surface area of the polishing body as compared to an electronic element connected to the antenna. The polished article according to claim 2, wherein the antennas are arranged in a loop, a meandering shape, or a combination thereof. The electronic device comprises an electronic element, the electronic element is positioned within a non-polished portion of the polishing body, at least a portion of the at least one antenna is positioned within the polished portion of the polishing body, and the electron. The polished article according to claim 2, wherein the element comprises a chip, an integrated circuit, a logic, a microcontroller, a transponder, a transceiver, a passive element, a resistor, a capacitor, a memory, or any combination thereof. The polished article according to claim 2, wherein the antenna is at least partially embedded in the polishing body. A system for detecting wear in polished articles.
The polished article according to claim 1 and
A system comprising a data receiving unit configured to receive data generated by the wear detection sensor. Wear detection sensor with multiple antennas
Whether the plurality of antennas extend to different lengths relative to each other toward the material removal surface of the polishing body.
Whether at least one of the plurality of antennas is located within the outer circumferential region of the polishing body?
At least one of the plurality of antennas comprises a flared body, and the width of the flared body increases as the length of the antenna extends.
Whether at least one of the plurality of antennas extends radially, axially, or a combination thereof from the central region of the polishing body toward the material removal surface.
The polished article of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas has an end aligned with the material removal surface or is any combination thereof. The wear detection sensor comprises at least one electronic device coupled to an electrical component, wherein the electrical component comprises a lead, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a loop circuit, or a combination thereof, the capacitor. The polished article according to claim 1, further comprising a first capacitance plate located in the internal circumferential region of the polishing body and a second capacitance plate located in the outer circumferential region of the polishing body. The wear detection sensor comprises a first electronic device and a second electronic device extending in parallel along a portion of the polishing body, and the first electronic device and the second electronic device are separated from each other. The first end of the first electronic device is staggered so as to be closer to the material removal surface as compared to the second end of the second electronic device. Compared to the third end of the first electronic device, it is distal to the central region of the polishing body, and the second end is compared to the fourth end of the second electronic device. The polished article according to claim 1, which is distal to the central region of the polishing body. The wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of components connected to each other, the plurality of components comprising a sensing circuit, a microcontroller, a transceiver, an antenna, or any combination thereof, and the sensing circuit has three axes. The polished article of claim 1, comprising a magnetometer such as a magnetometer, a temperature and / or humidity sensor, a 3-axis accelerometer, a capacitive input interface, or any combination thereof. It ’s a polished article,
The polishing body containing the polishing particles contained in the adhesive material,
A wear detection sensor with at least one lead in contact with the polishing body.
A polished article comprising at least one logical device that communicates with the at least one conductive lead. The at least one logical device is connected to a hub, the hub is connected to the polishing body, the wear sensor comprises a protective layer covering the at least one logical device, and the protective layer is polydimethylsiloxane. 12. The polished article of claim 12, comprising a material comprising (PDMS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or any combination thereof. 12. The polished article of claim 12, wherein the wear sensor comprises a heat resistant coating that covers at least a portion of the at least one lead. The polished article according to claim 1, wherein the wear sensor comprises a communication device for wireless communication with an external controller.

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