KR20210028270A - Abrasive article including wear detection sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The abrasive article may include a wear detection sensor embedded in the abrasive body or extending along the outer surface of the abrasive body. The wear detection sensor may include at least one conductive lead and may be designed to generate one or more wear signals corresponding to a wear step of the polishing body. The at least one conductive lead may be coupled to a logic element capable of controlling the wear detection sensor and registering wear signal(s).

Description

Abrasive article including wear detection sensor

The following description relates to an abrasive article, in particular, to an abrasive article including a wear detection sensor.

Stationary abrasive articles can be used for various material removal operations and are often used in long grinding processes, such as grinding of railway tracks. In order to optimize the grinding process and determine if the abrasive article needs to be replaced, it is important to observe the wear condition of the abrasive body, which may require time-consuming downtime. For example, rail grinding can only be performed during periods when the train is not running. Since this period can be a short period of time and must be used efficiently, most of the time is used for grinding work, not for time-consuming polishing wheel replacement. The amount of abrasive remaining on each wheel is typically measured manually prior to grinding to identify wheels that are likely to wear out completely in the next run. This measurement is also time consuming, and the operator conservatively handles any necessary replacement work to prevent wheel replacement during the open grinding period.

There is a need to continuously monitor the wear condition of abrasive articles without interrupting the grinding process.

By referring to the accompanying drawings, many features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art and may be better understood.
1 includes an illustration of a side view of an abrasive article according to one embodiment.
2 includes an illustration of a cross section of an abrasive article according to one embodiment.
3 includes an illustration of a side view of an abrasive article according to one embodiment.
4A includes an example of a cross section of a polishing body before use including a part of a wear detection sensor according to an embodiment.
4B includes an example of a cross section of a polishing body during a material removal operation including a part of a wear detection sensor according to an embodiment.
5A includes an example of one lead of a wear detection sensor according to an embodiment.
5B includes an example of one lead of a wear detection sensor according to another embodiment.
6 includes an example of one lead spirally wound around a polishing body according to an embodiment.
7 includes an example of a plan view of an abrasive article including a wear detection sensor according to an embodiment.
8 includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article including a detection sensor according to another embodiment.
9A includes an example of a wear detection sensor according to an embodiment.
9B includes an example of a wear detection sensor according to another embodiment.
9C includes an example of a part of a wear sensor attached to a mounting plate according to an embodiment.
9D includes an illustration of a graph of loop conditions versus time for a wear sensor.
9E includes an example of another graph of loop conditions versus time for a wear sensor.
10 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a portion of an abrasive article according to one embodiment.
11 includes an illustration of a plan view of an abrasive article including a detection sensor according to another embodiment.
12 includes an illustration of a plan view of an abrasive article including a detection sensor according to another embodiment.
13 includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article including a detection sensor according to another embodiment.
14 includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article including a detection sensor according to another embodiment.
15 includes an illustration of a cross section of a polishing body according to an embodiment.
16A includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article including a detection sensor according to another embodiment.
16B includes a graph of the diameter versus reflected power.
17A includes an illustration of a cross section of a polishing body according to an embodiment.
17B includes an illustration of a cross section of another polishing body according to an embodiment.
18 includes an example of a wear detection system according to an embodiment.
19A includes a graph of reflected power versus time for an abrasive article according to one embodiment.
19B includes a graph of reflected power versus time for another abrasive article according to one embodiment.
20 includes an example of a preferred wear sensor.
Figure 21 includes examples of the components of a preferred leader.

The following detailed description, together with the accompanying drawings, is provided to aid in understanding the teachings described herein. The following disclosure will focus on specific embodiments and embodiments of the teaching. This focus is provided to aid in the explanation of the teaching and should not be construed as limiting the scope or applicability of the teaching. However, other teachings can certainly be used in this application.

The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having" as used herein ", or any variation thereof is intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or device comprising a list of features is not necessarily limited to these features, but other features that are not explicitly listed or are not unique to such method, article, or device. Can include. Further, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive-or rather than an exclusive-or. For example, the condition "A or B" is satisfied by any of the following: if A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent), then A is false (or absent) and B is true (Or present), and if both A and B are true (or present).

Also, the use of “one (a)” or “an” is used to describe the elements and components described herein. This is for convenience only, to provide the scope of the present invention in a general sense. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, this description is to be understood as including one or at least one, the singular includes the plural, and vice versa. For example, when a single item is described herein, more than one item may be used instead of a single item. Similarly, when more than one item is described herein, more than one item may be replaced with a single item.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The materials, methods and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless specific details regarding specific materials and processing practices are described, these details may include conventional approaches found in reference books and other sources within the field of manufacturing technology.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to an abrasive article comprising an abrasive body of abrasive particles within a binder. The polishing article may include a wear detection sensor configured to detect a dimensional change of the polishing body, at least partly being coupled to at least part of the polishing body and extending along at least part of the polishing body. As used herein, the phrase “coupled to at least a portion of the polishing body and extending along at least a portion of the polishing body” means that at least a portion of the wear detection sensor is included on the outer surface of the body, or on the polishing body. It means that it can be partially embedded or completely embedded in the body of the abrasive article.

In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include at least one lead. At least one lead may comprise an electrically conductive structure.

In one aspect, a lead may include a pair of conductive wires connected together at an end (ie, distal or lead tip) capable of creating an electrically conductive loop.

In another aspect, the lead may be an elongate plate or a thin elongate conductive plate or wire that is configured such that its resistance varies in response to the length of the wire. As the wear of the polishing main body increases, the length of the lead is shortened, and as the length of the lead decreases, the change in the measured resistance of the lead may correspond to the wear of the polishing main body.

In another aspect, the lead may be an electrical circuit comprising two wires connected by a plurality of resistors. Resistors are placed parallel to each other at different locations along the length of the two wires (i.e. resistive ladder). As the resistor is destroyed upon wear of the polishing body, the equivalent resistance of the circuit increases, and the increase in the measured resistance of the circuit may correspond to the wear state of the polishing body.

At least one lead of the wear detection sensor may be partially embedded in the polishing body, completely embedded in the polishing body, or extended along the outer surface of the polishing body.

As used herein, when the wear detection sensor includes more than one lead, the term “at least one lead” is also referred to as a plurality of leads.

In one aspect, at least one lead of the wear detection sensor may extend along a portion of an outer surface of the polishing body. In another aspect, most of the plurality of leads may extend along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body. In certain aspects, each lead of the plurality of leads may extend along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body.

In a further embodiment, at least one of the plurality of leads may be embedded within the polishing body. In certain embodiments, all of the plurality of leads may be embedded within the abrasive body.

In one aspect, the wear detection sensor may have a first part, such as a logic element, and a second part, such as a plurality of leads, wherein the first part may be coupled to the hub, and the second part may be connected to the polishing body. Can be combined. In another aspect, the first portion of the wear detection sensor may be coupled to the polishing body, and the second portion may be coupled to the hub. In another aspect, all of the plurality of leads and logic elements may be coupled to the polishing body.

1 includes an illustration of an abrasive article 100 according to one embodiment.

The abrasive article 100 may be an abrasive wheel, wherein the abrasive body 102 is coupled to the hub 103. The abrasive body may comprise a bonded abrasive material comprising abrasive particles contained in a three-dimensional matrix of the bond material. The polishing body 102 may selectively include some porosity as a phase distinct from the abrasive particles and the binder. The wear detection sensor may be coupled to the polishing article 100 such as the polishing body 102 and/or the hub 103 in the form of a plurality of leads 104 and logic elements 105. The plurality of leads 104 of the wear detection sensor may be coupled to a part of the outer surface of the polishing body 102. The plurality of leads 104 may extend from the logic element 105 toward the material removal surface 107 in the axial direction x of the polishing body 102.

In another embodiment of the abrasive article illustrated in FIG. 2, the plurality of leads 204 of the wear detection sensor may extend from the logic element 205 in the radial direction z of the polishing body 202, where the radial direction (z) is orthogonal to the axial direction (x). FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a polishing wheel including a polishing body 202 attached to a hub 203, where all leads of the wear detection sensor 204 can be completely embedded in the polishing body 202, and the material It may face the removal surface 207. The logic element 205 may optionally further include a communication device (eg, a transceiver) 206 for communicating with an external controller (not shown).

3 illustrates a side view of the polishing wheel 300 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the plurality of leads of the wear detection sensor 304 may extend along a portion of the outer surface 308 of the polishing body. The plurality of leads 304 may be connected to the logic element 305, and the logic element 305 may be coupled to the hub 303. The plurality of leads 304 may extend to the external material removal surface 307 in the radial direction z.

The amount of leads of the wear detection sensor may be at least one lead, and there may be no specific upper limit. The amount of leads may vary depending on the thickness of the polishing body used in the material removal process such as grinding, cutting, or polishing, and the increase in wear of the polishing body should be observed. In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include at least one lead, such as at least 2 leads, at least 3 leads or at least 4 leads, at least 5 leads, at least 7 leads, or at least 9 leads . In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor includes 100 or less leads, such as 80 or less leads, 60 or less leads, 50 or less leads, 30 or less leads, 20 or less leads, 15 or less leads. It may contain leads, or up to 10 leads. The amount of the lead of the wear detection sensor may be a value within a range including any one of the above-described minimum and maximum values.

The plurality of leads of the wear detection sensor may have different lengths. In one embodiment, all leads may extend parallel to each other by different depths from the logic element into the volume of the polishing body. In one aspect, each of the plurality of leads may include an end, and each end may be positioned at a different position with respect to each other. For example, each end can be buried to a different depth within the abrasive body relative to each other.

In other embodiments, the plurality of leads may extend from the logic element at an angle to each other along the polishing body. In a further embodiment, the plurality of leads are not directly coupled to the logic device, but may have a connection structure between the logic device and the plurality of leads.

In one embodiment, each lead may have its distal end reaching a defined distance (DT) from the natural material removal surface of the polishing body, wherein the distal end of the lead is buried in the polishing body or extends along the outer surface of the polishing body. Can be. 4A illustrates a cross section of the polishing body, wherein all the leads of the wear detection sensor 404 can be embedded in the polishing body 402, and the ends of each lead are from the original material removal surface of the polishing body 407. It can have a defined distance (DT1, DT2, DT3, DT4). Herein, the lower part of the original material removal surface of the polishing body 407 should be understood as the outer surface of the polishing body before the polishing body is used for grinding or cutting a workpiece. In Fig. 4A, the plurality of leads extend in the axial direction x toward the original material removal surface 407. In FIG.

During the material removal operation, the polishing body of the present invention may be worn, and thus a part of the polishing body may be removed from the original material removal surface. 4B illustrates the steps of the abrasive article 401, wherein a part of the abrasive body was removed from the original external material removal surface during the material removal operation of the workpiece 410, and the longest lead among the plurality of leads 404 The end has reached the actual material removal surface 409 of the polishing body 402.

When the end of the lead reaches the actual material removal surface 409 of the polishing body 402, the connection between the two wires that conduct current through the lead is broken, and the electrical circuit can be opened, and a pair of leads The current between the wires can no longer flow. The open circuit of a truncated wire loop can be detected by a logic element and is understood herein as a truncated lead. From the amount of cut leads detected by the logic element, it is possible to calculate the wear of the polishing body.

In another aspect, a plurality of leads may be connected together in one electrical circuit, where a cut wire loop may cause a change in the total voltage across the complete electrical circuit if the total amount of current supplied is kept constant. The amount of change in voltage can be measured as a wear signal by a logic element connected to a plurality of leads, and the amount of wear of the polishing body such as how much the polishing body has been removed from the original external material removal surface 307 and the remaining life span can be measured. Be able to draw conclusions.

By confirming the position of the end of the lead in the polishing main body or along the outer surface of the polishing main body from the original material removal surface of the polishing main body, the wear step of the polishing main body during processing can be calculated as a logic element. In one embodiment, the distance DT of the distal end of one of the plurality of leads from the natural removal surface of the polishing body is at least 100 microns, such as at least 150 microns, at least 200 microns, at least 500 microns, at least 1000 microns, at least 5000 microns, or at least 10000 microns. In another embodiment, the distance DT is 1.5 meters or less, such as 1.3 meters or less, or 1.0 meters or less, or 0.8 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, or 0.3 meters or less, or 0.1 meters or less, or 0.05 meters or less, or It can be less than or equal to 0.01 meters. The distance DT may be a value within a range including any one of the aforementioned minimum and maximum values.

In a further embodiment, the distance DI to each other between the two lead ends in a direction orthogonal to the material removal surface of the abrasive body is at least 100 microns, such as at least 200 microns, at least 300 microns, or at least 500 microns, or It may be at least 1000 microns, or at least 5000 microns. In other embodiments, the distance between the two lead ends may be 1.5 meters or less, such as 1.2 meters or less, or 1.0 meters or less, or 0.8 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, or 0.3 meters or less, or 0.1 meters or less, or 0.05 meters or less. have. The distance DI may be a value within a range including any one of the above-described minimum and maximum values.

In embodiments where each lead of the wear detection sensor is a single wire or an elongate plate, the wear detection sensor may be designed such that the area of the lead (e.g., the length of the lead) is associated with a specific resistance, where (by increasing wear) The change in resistance as the length of the lead decreases may be converted into information about the wear of the polishing body.

In one embodiment, the total length of at least one lead of the wear detection sensor may be at least 100 microns, such as at least 200 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 1000 microns, or at least 1 cm, or at least 5 cm. In other embodiments, the total length of the at least one lead is 10 meters or less, such as 8 meters or less, or 5 meters or less, or 3 meters or less, or 2 meters or less, or 1.5 meters or less, or 1.0 meter or less, or 0.8 meters or less. , Or 0.5 meters or less, or 0.3 meters or less, or 0.2 meters or less, or 0.1 meters or less, or 0.05 meters or less, or 0.01 meters or less. The total length of the at least one read may be a value within a range including any one of the above-described minimum and maximum values.

At least one conductive lead of the wear detection sensor may communicate with at least one logic element. In one embodiment, the logic element may be a microcontroller configured to detect a change in state of the wear detection sensor. The logic element may optionally include a communication device, such as a transceiver, for communicating with an external controller.

In one aspect, at least one lead of the wear detection sensor may be detected by a logic element that is active when current flows through the lead and is inactive when there is no or little current flowing through the lead due to damage to the lead. A wear signal can be generated if the current flow is interrupted or reduced during the inactive phase of the lead. Accordingly, by detecting the wear signal and controlling and measuring the current flowing through the plurality of leads, it is possible to analyze the wear step of the polishing body without stopping the material removal process.

The wear signal generated by the wear detection sensor may be transmitted by a communication device to an external controller, for example a portable control unit in the hand of an operator or a fixed unit implemented in a machine equipped with wheels. The transmission of the wear signal may for example be via an electrical connection to a wheel-mounted spindle or as a radio signal. In one aspect, the logic element may include a transceiver, such as an RFID transceiver, for transmitting wear signals to an external controller capable of overseeing and controlling the grinding process. Another option for wirelessly transmitting the wear signal may be via Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth, or other wireless protocol. The wear signal may be stored on a logic board (eg, SD card or flash memory) as a local data store. The external controller may be part of a logic element or may be an independent unit. In a further aspect, the indicator light can be used to signal that the wheel needs to be replaced or that it still has a long life.

The power required for the operation of the wear detection sensor can be provided from the battery or from a direct electrical connection to the machine or train. The wear detection sensor may be powered remotely using RF energy, or may be powered by an energy harvesting system, such as a system that produces electrical energy from vibration.

The material of the at least one conductive lead may be a metal or a metal alloy. Non-limiting examples of lead materials include copper, aluminum, silver, or stainless steel.

In one embodiment, particularly when the leads have a structure of wire loops or resistive ladders, each lead may be additionally surrounded or buried by a protective material. 5A illustrates one embodiment of one lead 500, which may include a pair of wires 501 connected together by forming a lead end 502 and forming a loop, wherein the wire is a lead protector 503 ) Can be surrounded by.

5B illustrates a lead having the structure of a resistive ladder, where two wires 504 are connected by a plurality of resistors 505 arranged parallel to each other at different positions along the length direction of the two wires 504. do. The entire electric circuit is embedded in the protective material 503.

The lead protection material may be a material capable of protecting the wire of the lead during the manufacture of the abrasive article, but when it reaches the actual external material removal surface of the abrasive body, it can be easily destroyed by force during the material removal operation of the abrasive article. Non-limiting examples of the lead protective material include, for example, polyimide, polyurethane, or polyolefin. The lead protective material may, for example, serve as an insulator for preventing short circuits in the electric circuit in embodiments in which the polishing body is electrically conductive. In one aspect, at least one wire loop may be applied directly to the outer surface of the polishing body and may be embedded in a protective polymer such as polyimide. Likewise, if the lead is designed to measure the change in resistance, a wire or elongated plate can be applied directly to the outer surface of the polishing body and embedded in a protective polymeric material.

In another embodiment, the lead of the anti-wear sensor may not include a wire protective material.

In another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6, at least one lead may be helical and may be wound around the outer surface of the polishing body. This embodiment can be applied to a lead whose resistance may be changed according to a decrease in the size of the lead when the polishing body is worn. 6 shows a polishing body in the form of a wheel 602 fixed to the hub 603, where the lead 604 is in the form of a wire and is spirally wound around the polishing body 602 along the axial direction x. In one aspect, the abrasive body may be covered with a reinforced fiber glass mat (not shown), and the lid may be woven into a mat, or the lid may directly replace several strands of the fiber glass mat.

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include at least one electronic device. In one aspect, the electronic device may include an electronic device. The electronic device may include, for example, a chip, an integrated circuit, logic, a transponder, a transceiver, or a passive device such as a resistor, a capacitor, or a memory, or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the electronic device may include an antenna directly coupled to the electronic device. In certain embodiments, the electronic device is a chip, an integrated circuit, a data transponder, a radio frequency (RF) based tag or sensor with or without a chip, an electronic tag, an electronic memory, a sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, a transmitter. , Receiver, transceiver, modulator circuit, multiplexer, antenna, short-range communication device, power supply, display (eg, LCD or OLED screen), optical device (eg, LED), global positioning system (GPS) or device, Fixed or programmable logic, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the electronic device may optionally include a substrate, a power source, or both. In a further aspect, the electronic device may be wired or wireless.

A more specific embodiment of the electronic device may include a tag or sensor such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag or sensor, a near field communication tag or sensor, or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the electronic device may include an RFID tag. In some examples, the RFID tag may be deactivated, and power may be supplied by a reader device for an RFID tag. In another example, the RFID tag may be activated by including a power supply, such as a battery or an inductive/capacitive tank circuit, for example.

In another aspect, the electronic device may comprise a near field communication device. The near field communication device may be any device capable of transmitting information via electromagnetic radiation within a specific defined radius of the device, typically less than 20 meters.

In certain aspects, the electronic device may include a dual frequency tag. Dual frequency tags can increase readability at multiple frequencies. For example, the electronic device may include a short-range communication device and an RFID tag. In a further example, the electronic device may include an RFID antenna and a dual frequency chip attached to the NFC antenna.

In a further aspect, the electronic device may include a transceiver. The transceiver may be a device capable of receiving and/or transmitting information. Unlike a passive RFID tag or a passive short-range communication device, which is generally a read-only device that stores information for a read operation, a transceiver can actively transmit information without having to perform an active read operation. Moreover, the transceiver may transmit information over a variety of select frequencies, which may improve the communication capability of the electronic device to communicate with various systems for receiving and/or storing information.

In one aspect, the electronic device may be attached to at least a portion of the polishing body. For example, the electronic device may be attached to a portion of a surface such as a major surface, a peripheral surface, or a combination thereof of the polishing body. In a further aspect, the electronic device may be in contact with the polishing body. In another aspect, the electronic device may be partially embedded in the polishing body. In a further aspect, the electronic device may be completely embedded within the polishing body.

In some implementations, the electronics may be configured to detect wear of the abrasive article, such as a change in dimensions of the abrasive body. In other implementations, the electronics can be combined with other components to facilitate wear detection.

7 includes an illustration of a plan view of an abrasive article 700 including an abrasive body 701 and a wear detection sensor 702. The body 701 may include a central hole 713. In some examples, the polishing body 701 may include an inner circumferential region 704 adjacent to the central hole 703 and an outer circumferential region 705 located outside the inner circumferential region 705. The inner circumferential area to include the inner diameter (D _I), and the abrasive body may include an outer diameter (D _O) that can also be referred to as the diameter of the outer peripheral region in the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the wear of the abrasive article may include dimensional changes, including a decrease in the outside diameter (D _O). For example, the peripheral surface of the polishing body may be a material removal surface in contact with the work piece. Material loss of surface material removal may reduce the outer diameter (D _O). In certain applications, the outside diameter (D _O) are, if abrasive article is reduced to a size of approximately the inner diameter (D _I) may not be suitable for further use. In another embodiment, the major surface of the polishing body may be a material removal surface.

The wear detection sensor 702 may include an electronic device 710 including an electronic device 712 such as an integrated circuit coupled to the antenna 714. In some implementations, the electronic device 710 may include an integrated circuit and may not include an antenna. The electronic device 710 may be disposed in the inner circumferential region 704 or the outer circumferential region 705, or may extend along a portion of the inner circumferential region 704 and a portion of the outer circumferential region 705. In a specific example, the electronic device 710 may be disposed within the inner circumferential region 704 as illustrated.

The wear detection sensor 702 may further include an electrical component coupled to the electronic device 710. Electrical components may include passive elements such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, or combinations thereof. In a particular example, the electrical component may include a first capacitance plate 718 and a second capacitance plate 720. The first and second capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be coupled to the electronic device 710 by, for example, a wire 716.

The first capacitance plate 718 and the second capacitance plate 720 may be spaced apart and disposed parallel to each other. In some examples, the first capacitance plate 718 may be disposed in the inner circumferential region 704 and the second capacitance plate 720 may be disposed in the outer circumferential region 705.

In a preferred material removal operation, wear of the abrasive article may cause some or all of the second capacitance plate 720 to be removed, which may change the electric field strength of the capacitor plates. The electronic device 710 may detect a change and generate a wear signal.

In other examples, the electrical component may include a resistor, an inductor, or a combination thereof. In a preferred material removal operation, some of the resistors, inductors, or both can be removed, which can change the current or magnetic field, thereby generating a wear signal.

The wear signal may be received by the data receiving device, and the operator may be alerted about the wear condition of the abrasive article.

In one embodiment, the data receiving device may include a reader, pager, or other device capable of receiving, reading, storing and/or editing data. In some examples, the data receiving device may read data stored in the electronic device, and the electronic device may not perform a function of transmitting data. In another embodiment, the data receiving device may transmit data from an electronic device to another device, system, or database. In certain embodiments, the data receiving device may include an RFID reader or pager, an NFC reader, a mobile phone, or a combination thereof.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, the wear detection sensor 702 may be located on the main surface of the polishing body 701. In other embodiments, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor 702 may be attached to a portion of a major surface, a peripheral surface, or both. For example, electronics, electrical components, wires, or any combination thereof may be cold pressed, warm pressed, or hot pressed directly onto the surface of the abrasive body. In another example, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may be disposed on the surface of the polishing body during a molding process of the polishing body and simultaneously cured with the polishing body. In a further example, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may be attached to the surface in a mechanical manner by heat, radiation, glue, adhesive, or any combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor 702 may contact a part of the polishing body 701. For example, the wear detection sensor 702 may directly contact a binder, abrasive particles, other components of the abrasive body 701, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor 702 may be partially or completely embedded within the polishing body. In some instances, a portion of the polishing body may be removed to create a space (e.g., a slot) inside the polishing body to accommodate the wear detection sensor, using heat, pressure, adhesives, glue, or any combination thereof. Thus, the wear detection sensor can be attached to at least a part of the body. In some other examples, the wear detection sensor may be embedded in a mixture to form the abrasive body during the molding process. The mixture may include a binder, an abrasive article, and optionally additives. In a specific example, the mixture and the wear detection sensor may be disposed in a mold, where the wear detection sensor may be partially or completely embedded in the mixture. Thereafter, the polishing body may be formed by applying pressure, heat, irradiation, other known processes for forming the polishing body, or a combination thereof to the mixture.

As illustrated, at least some of the electrical components such as the first and second capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be disposed on a major surface of the polishing body 701. In a particular example, a portion of an electrical component such as at least one of the capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be attached to a portion of the polishing body. In another specific example, the first and second capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be attached to a portion of a major surface, a peripheral surface, or both. In a more specific example, at least one of the first and second capacitance plates 718 and 720 may contact a portion of an abrasive body including a binder, abrasive grains, other components, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, at least one of the capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be partially or completely embedded in the polishing body 701. For example, the first capacitance plate 718 can be disposed on a major or peripheral surface, and the second capacitance plate can be partially or completely embedded in the polishing body 701. In another example, the second capacitance plate 720 can be disposed on a major or peripheral surface, while the first capacitance plate 718 can be partially or completely embedded in the polishing body 701. In another example, both the first and second capacitance plates 718 and 720 may be partially or completely embedded in the polishing body 701.

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a loop circuit coupled to an electronic device. 8 includes an illustration of a top view of another preferred abrasive wheel 800 including an abrasive body 801. The abrasive article 800 includes a wear detection sensor 802 including an electronic device 810 disposed on a major surface 803. The electronic device 810 may include an electronic device and an antenna 814 optionally coupled to the electronic device 812. The wear detection sensor 802 may include a loop circuit. In some applications, the loop circuit may include a wire loop 820 coupled to the electronic device 810. For example, the wire can be resistive. The wire loop may be directly connected to an electronic device 812 such as an integrated circuit. Alternatively, the wire loop may be coupled to the electronic device 812 by the antenna 814.

In other applications, the loop circuit may include passive components such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, or combinations thereof. In certain applications, the loop circuit may comprise a capacitive loop circuit comprising at least one capacitor. In other specific applications, the loop circuit can include at least one resistor. In another specific example, the loop circuit may include a plurality of capacitive loop circuits, wherein the capacitors are placed in parallel and connected by wires.

9A includes an example of a wear detection sensor 900 including an electronic device 901 coupled to a loop circuit 902. The electronic device 901 may include an electronic device 905 such as a transponder or an integrated circuit, and an antenna 903 coupled to the electronic device 905. The loop circuit 902 may include a plurality of capacitors 911, 912, and 913 disposed in parallel. In another example, at least one or all of 911, 912, and 913 may include a resistor.

In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor 802 or 900 may be disposed on the major surface 803 of the polishing body 801, a peripheral surface (not shown), or a combination thereof. _{In one aspect, the length L L} of the loop circuit 820 or 902 may extend along a portion of a major surface, a peripheral surface, or both. _{In another aspect, the length L L} of the loop circuit 820 or 902 may extend in the radial direction, the axial direction of the polishing body 801, or a combination thereof. _{In another example, the length L L} of the loop circuit 820 or 902 may extend toward the material removal surface to facilitate wear detection.

In a further embodiment, at least a portion of the wear detection sensor 802 or 900 may be embedded in the polishing body 801. In one aspect, the loop circuit 820 or 902, the electronics 810 or 901, or both may be partially embedded in the polishing body. In other aspects, the loop circuit 820 or 902, the electronics 810 or 901, or both may be completely embedded in the polishing body.

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor 802 or 900 may be placed at a specific location to facilitate determination of the wear level. For example, in the material removal operation, when the wear of the polishing body reaches a first level, the first part of the wear detection sensor may be removed, and a first wear signal may be generated. The first wear signal may be an indicator of the first wear level. The first level of wear can be a relatively low level of wear, such as 20%, 30%, or 40%. As the operation continues, when the second wear level is reached, the second part of the wear detection sensor may be removed, and a second wear signal may be generated. The second wear signal may be an indicator of the second wear level. The first level of wear can be a relatively high level of wear, such as 705, 80%, or 90%. The second wear signal can be interpreted as a warning that the abrasive article is about to reach its end of life.

Referring to FIG. 8, the loop circuit 820 may extend radially toward a peripheral surface. The peripheral surface may be a material removal surface. The wear detection sensor 810 may be disposed at a position such that a specific length of the circuit loop 820 or 902 is removed as the wear of the polishing body reaches a specific level during the material removal operation, thereby damaging the circuit loop. Electronics can detect broken circuit loops and generate wear signals. The data receiving device may receive a wear signal and interpret it as an indicator that a certain level of wear, such as a certain low level of wear, has been reached. As the operation continues, a part of the electronic device 810, such as at least a portion of the electronic device 812, the antenna 814, or both may be removed, which may convert the electronic device to an inactive state, The data receiving device may receive a wear signal indicating that a higher level of wear has been reached. The wear signal may include a change in signal such as a change in response time, signal strength, reflected energy, disappearance of an existing signal, or any combination thereof. In certain examples, as the electronic device is deactivated, the data receiving device may stop receiving any signals or responses from the electronic device.

In some examples, the electronic device 810 may be progressively damaged when the abrasive article 800 is operated, and the received signal strength indicator of the data receiving device may be used to determine the level of wear, which is the electronic device 810 This is because the electronic device 810 may gradually transmit a weak signal until) is converted to an inactive state. The value of the received signal strength indicator can be measured, calculated, or both, by the data receiving device to determine the level of wear.

9B includes an example of another embodiment of a wear detection sensor 950 including a wire loop 951 coupled to an electronic device 952. In one embodiment, wire loop 951 may include one or more wire loops, such as one or more loops, two or more loops, three or more loops, or five or more loops. The electronic device 952 may include an integrated circuit 954 and an antenna 953. In certain embodiments, the electronic device 952 may include an RFID chip or integrated circuit. The electronic device 952 may further include additional components 955 such as chips, other integrated circuits, logic devices, transponders, transceivers, passive devices, etc., or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the wear detection sensor 950 may be printed and may include a substrate 956. The substrate 956 may comprise a flexible material such as an organic material, particularly a flexible material. More specific embodiments of the substrate 956 may include PET, polyimide, or other materials that may be used to fabricate flexible electronic devices.

In certain embodiments, the wear detection sensor 950 may be disposed adjacent to an outer surface, such as a peripheral surface, of an abrasive body of an abrasive article. For example, the wear detection sensor 950 may be disposed around at least a portion of the peripheral surface of the polishing body, and a non-abrasive portion such as a fibrous layer covers at least a portion or the entire outer circumferential surface of the wear detection sensor 950 and the polishing body. Can be wound up.

9C includes an illustration of a top view of an electronic assembly 982 and an attached mounting plate (or hub) 981 including electronics 983 contained within a package 985. Package 985 and stool spokes 988 can help protect electronics 983 from sparks and heat generated during grinding operations. In one embodiment, the package 985 may include a protective material that is resistant to high temperatures and can function as a heat shield. In other embodiments, package 985 can include a polymer. Certain examples of polymers may include high performance polymers such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or a combination thereof. Alternatively, the electronic device 983 may be completely covered by a protective material instead of a package and separated from the external environment.

The electronic device 983 may be part of a wear sensor that further includes a wire loop attached to the electronic device 983. In certain embodiments, the electronics 983 can include a microcontroller, and the wire loop can be attached to the microcontroller. The wire loop may be attached to the peripheral surface of the polishing body attached to the mounting plate 981. The peripheral surface may be an inner circumferential surface or an outer circumferential surface. In one embodiment, a coating may be applied to the wire loop to facilitate attachment of the wire loop to the surrounding surface and provide protection against heat and sparks. In one embodiment, the coating can include an adhesive. In other embodiments, the coating can be heat resistant. In certain instances, the coating may include a heat resistant adhesive, which may facilitate improving the performance of the wear sensor. Preferred adhesives may include epoxy, acrylate, or silicone rubber and the like. In certain embodiments, the coating may comprise a steel epoxy.

In some examples, signal transmission from the electronic device 983 during the grinding operation may be performed wirelessly. For example, the wheel wear information may be transmitted to a receiving device such as a mobile phone, hand-held device, or computer through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or a combination thereof. Transmitted data may include state and state changes of the wire loop. For example, the data may be organized in a format where "0" represents a closed loop (eg, wear of the wire loop is not detected) and "1" represents an open loop (the loop is truncated). The condition and/or condition change of the wear loop can be used to determine the level of wear of the abrasive tool. 9D and 9E contain graphs representing data transmitted by a wear sensor including a wire loop attached to an electronic device 983, which shows the state of the different wire loops in a grinding operation. As illustrated, wire loop #2 is closed and has no state change, but wire loop #4's state is changed from 0 to 1, indicating that the wire loop is cut and the grinding tool is worn to some extent during the grinding operation. As grinding continues, wire loop #2 may be later cut to indicate that the wear of the grinding tool has progressed to a higher level.

10 includes an illustration of a cross-section of a portion of an abrasive article 1000 including a body 1001. The body 1001 may include a second major surface 1003 and a first major surface 1002 opposite to the second major surface 1003, and a peripheral surface 1004 extending between the first and second major surfaces 1002, 1003. . In some examples, the body 1001 may include a polished portion 1020 and a non-polished portion 1022. The peripheral surface 1004 may be a material removal surface of the abrasive article 1000.

The wear detection sensor 1005 may be at least partially embedded in the body 1101 including an electronic device 1008 and an electronic device including an antenna 1006 coupled to the electronic device 1008. The electronic device 1008 may be disposed in the non-abrasive portion 1022. In some examples, a portion of the electronic device 1008 may be disposed on the polishing unit 1020. The antenna 1006 is disposed on the polishing portion 1020, and in some examples, a portion of the antenna may be disposed on the non-abrasive portion. The distal end 1014 of the antenna 1006 may be aligned with the peripheral surface 1004.

Antenna 1006 may extend towards peripheral surface 1004. For example, the antenna 1006 may extend radially along a part of the body. In another example, antenna 1006 may extend over the entire radial distance of the polishing portion.

In some examples, the wear detection sensor may include a package including at least a portion of the electronic device 1008 and the antenna 1006. For example, the package may separate the electronic device 1008 and/or the antenna 1006 from the surrounding environment. In another example, the package may separate the electronic device 1008 and/or the antenna 1006 from the configuration of the body 1001 such as abrasive particles, binders, and other components.

The package may include, for example, a protective layer 1010, a substrate 1012, or both. A portion of the protective layer 1010 may extend over the major surface 1003. Alternatively, the protective layer 1010 may be formed under the main surface 1003 or on the same plane as the main surface 1003. In one aspect, the protective layer 1010 may include a material capable of protecting the electronic device 1008 and/or the antenna 1006 from external environmental conditions including, for example, moisture or coolant. Preferred protective materials may include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN), polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or any combination thereof.

In some instances, certain coolants are used in material removal operations, and exposing the electronics to the coolant can degrade the performance of the electronics. The protective layer 1010 or the entire package may be applied to protect the electronic device from coolants and extend the life of the electronic device. A protective layer may be applied to protect the electronics from moisture, extreme temperatures, or other conditions that could damage the electronics.

In one aspect, the substrate 1012 may comprise a material similar or different from the protective layer 1010. In certain examples, the package may encapsulate electronics.

The wear detection sensor 1005 can withstand a number of material removal operations, and serves as an index indicating that a high level of wear has been reached when the life of the abrasive article 1000 is over. For example, the remaining length of the electronic device 1008 may be an index indicating that the abrasive article 1000 has reached its inner periphery when it is replaced.

In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include an electronic device including an antenna directly electrically connected to the electronic device. In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of electronic devices, wherein at least one of the electronic devices may include an antenna directly electrically connected to the electronic device. In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of electronic devices, wherein at least some or each of the electronic devices may include an antenna directly electrically connected to the electronic device. In some implementations, the antenna may comprise a thin film antenna.

In one aspect, the antenna may extend along a portion of the polishing body. For example, the antenna may extend along a portion of a major surface, a peripheral surface, or both, toward a material removal surface of the abrasive body. In another aspect, the antenna may extend in the radial direction, axial direction of the polishing body, or a combination thereof. In a further aspect, the antenna may be partially or completely embedded in the polishing body.

In one aspect, the electronic device may include at least one antenna, at least two antennas, at least three antennas, or at least four antennas, wherein each antenna is directly electrically connected to the electronic device. In one aspect, at least some of the antennas may extend different distances along the polishing body. In another aspect, each antenna may extend a different distance along the polishing body.

11 includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article 1100 including a body 1101 including an inner circumferential region 1103 and an outer circumferential region 1102. The wear detection sensor 1104 may include an electronic device 1105 and an electronic device including a plurality of antennas 1106 to 1109 coupled to the electronic device 1105. The electronic device 1105 may be disposed in the inner circumferential region 1103. In another example, the electronic device 1105 may be disposed in the outer circumferential area 1102. In some specific implementations, the electronic device 1105 may include an integrated circuit, a transponder, or a combination thereof.

The antennas 1106 to 1109 may be spaced apart from each other. As illustrated, the antennas 1106 to 1109 may extend so that the lengths of the antennas are parallel to each other. In another example, at least some of the antennas 1106 to 1109 may be arranged so that their lengths can extend at an angle to each other. For example, the angle may include an acute angle, an obtuse angle, a right angle, or a combination thereof.

Antennas 1106-1109 may extend along a portion of the polishing body facing the material removal surface (eg, peripheral surface). In one aspect, one of the antennas may extend a different distance compared to one of the other antennas. In other aspects, all antennas can extend different distances along the polishing body.

In a further aspect, at least some of the antennas 1106-1109 may comprise different lengths compared to each other. In certain aspects, each of the antennas 1106-1009 may comprise a different length. For example, the relative length difference between the antennas may be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 17%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%. In other aspects, the relative length difference between the antennas may be at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, at most 50%, at most 45%, at most 40%, at most 35%, or at most 30%. Moreover, the relative length difference between the antennas may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum percentages referred to herein.

As illustrated, the antenna 1109 may be disposed within the inner circumferential region 1103. Other antennas 1106 to 1108 may extend different distances from a location within the inner circumferential region 1103 to the outer circumferential region 1102.

The antennas 1106 to 1109 may be spaced apart from the center line 1111 of the polishing body 1101 by a distance δd _C. As illustrated, δd _C is the vertical distance from the end of the antenna (eg, 1106) to the centerline 1111, where the end is the end closer to the centerline 1111. _{For example, the relative difference in the distance δd C} between at least some or all of the antennas 1106 to 1109 may be at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, or at least 20%. . In another example, the _{relative difference between the distance δd C} may be at most 40%, at most 35%, at most 20%, at most 15%, or at most 10%. Moreover, _{the relative difference of δd C} may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum percentages mentioned herein.

The other end of each antenna may be spaced apart from the outer periphery of the polishing body 1101 by a distance δd _O. The distance is a linear extension distance from the end of the antenna (eg, 1106) to the outer periphery. _{The distance δd O} between the antennas 1106 to 1109 may be different. _{For example, the relative difference in the distance δd O} between at least some or all of the antennas 1106 to 1109 may be at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 8%, at least 10%, or at least 15%. . In another example, the _{relative difference of the distance δd O} may be at most 45%, at most 40%, at most 35%, at most 30%, or at most 25%. Moreover, _{the relative difference of δd O} may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum percentages mentioned herein.

In a preferred material removal operation of the abrasive article 1100, the longest antenna 1107 may contact the actual material removal surface (eg, a peripheral surface), and a portion of the antenna 1107 may be removed. As wear of the abrasive article progresses, some of the antennas 1108, 1106, 1104 may be removed. As the size of the antennas decreases, the response energy of the electronic device decreases. The data receiving device can detect the change in the received signal, and the operator can receive a warning about wear. In some examples, the data receiving device may calculate a change in response energy and calculate it to indicate a wear level.

In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include an electronic device including an electronic device and an antenna, wherein the antenna may include a larger surface area than the electronic device. For example, the electronic device may include a plurality of antennas coupled to the electronic device, wherein at least one, some, or each antenna may have a surface larger than the surface area of the electronic device.

In another example, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of electronic devices, wherein at least one of the electronic devices may include an antenna coupled to the electronic device, and the antenna may have a larger surface area than the electronic device. In a specific example, some or each of the plurality of electronic devices may include an antenna coupled to the electronic device, wherein the antenna may have a larger surface area than the electronic device. In another specific example, at least one of the plurality of electronic devices may include a plurality of antennas coupled to the electronic device, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas may have a larger surface area than the electronic device. In a more specific example, all antennas may have a larger surface area than the electronic device to which the antenna is coupled.

In one embodiment, the electronic device may be located in the non-polished portion, the abrasive portion, or both of the body of the abrasive article. In some examples, the antenna may be coupled to an electronic device that may be located in the non-abrasive portion of the body of the abrasive article. As used herein, the non-abrasive portion is intended to refer to a portion of an abrasive article body that is essentially free of abrasive particles. The non-abrasive portion may or may not contain a binder. The abrasive is intended to refer to a portion of an abrasive article body comprising a bonding matrix and abrasive particles contained in the bonding matrix. The abrasive body is intended to refer to an assembly comprising a bonding matrix and abrasive particles distributed through the bonding matrix, wherein the assembly is essentially free of non-abrasive parts.

In one embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include an antenna including a trumpet-shaped body. In some examples, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of antennas, wherein one or more of the antennas may include a trumpet-shaped body. 12 includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article 1200 including an abrasive body 1201 including an inner circumferential region 1214 and an outer circumferential region 1215. In some examples, the body may include a central region 1213. The central region may include a flange region or a hub.

The wear detection sensor 1203 may include a first electronic device 1204 including an electronic device 1205 and an antenna 1207 disposed in the central area 1213. The second electronic device 1208 includes an electronic device 1209 and an antenna 1211 positioned in the inner circumferential region 1214. In another example, the first and second electronic devices 1205 and 1209 may be disposed outside the central area 1213. In another example, both of the first and second electronic devices 1209 and 1205 may be disposed in the inner circumferential region 1214. In another example, one of the first and second electronic devices 1205 and 1209 may be disposed in the inner circumferential area 1214, and the other may be disposed in the outer circumferential area 1215. In a specific example, none of the electronic elements are disposed in the outer periphery area 1215. In another specific example, at most one of the electronic devices may be disposed in the central area 1213. In a more specific example, at least some of the electronic devices are disposed in different areas including a central area 1213, an inner area 1214, and an outer area 1215.

The antennas 1207 and 1211 may be spaced apart from each other in a circumferential direction, a radial direction, an axial direction, or any combination thereof of the polishing body 1201. The antennas 1207 and 1211 may extend along a portion of the polishing body in a radial direction, an axial direction, or a combination thereof. The antenna 1207 may extend from a location within the central region 1213 to the outer circumferential region 1215 across the entire radial distance of the inner circumferential region 1214. The distal end of the antenna 1207 may be spaced apart or aligned with the outer periphery or material removal surface (eg, peripheral surface) of the polishing body. As illustrated, one of the ends of the secondary antenna 1207 may reach the outer periphery or material removal surface.

The antenna 1211 may extend from a position within the inner circumferential region 1214 to the outer circumferential region 1215. At least one of the antennas 1211 may have an end capable of reaching the outer periphery.

As illustrated, each of the secondary antennas 1207 and 1211 may include a trumpet-shaped body. The width of the body may increase as the secondary antennas 1207 and 1211 extend toward an outer circumference or a peripheral surface. For example, the width W at the end of the secondary antenna 1207 or 1211 closer to the outer periphery of the main body 1201 may be largest compared to the width of other parts of the antenna.

In some examples, one or both of antennas 1207 and 1211 may be attached to a major surface of polishing body 1201. For example, one or both of the antennas 1207 and 1211 may extend along a portion of the major surface of the polishing body. In another example, a portion of one or both of the antennas 1207 and 1211 may be exposed to an external environment. For example, one or both of the secondary antennas 1207 and 1211 may be partially embedded in the polishing body 1201. In another example, one or both of the antennas 1207 and 1211 may include a portion protruding out of the surface portion of the inner circumferential region 1214 of the polishing body 1201.

In other examples, the antenna 1207 or 1211 may extend over a larger surface area of the polishing body compared to the electronic device 1204 or 1205, but may have a shape other than a trumpet-shaped body. For example, the antennas 1207 and/or 1211 may be formed in a shape including a triangle, a rectangle, a square, or an irregular shape. The antennas 1207 and 1211 may have the same or different shape.

In another example, either or each of the antennas 1207 and 1211 can be applied to a specific surface area of the polishing body that can facilitate continuous power supply and/or improved data transmission of the electronics 1204 and/or 1208. Can be extended over. For example, any one or each of the antennas 1207, 1211 may be at least 1/20 of the surface area of the major surface or the peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201, for example, of the major surface or the peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201. It can extend over at least 2/20, at least 3/20, at least 4/20, or at least 5/20 of the surface area. In another example, either or each of the antennas 1207, 1211 is at most 10/20 of the surface area of the major or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201, for example, of the major or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201. It can extend over a maximum of 9/20, a maximum of 8/20, a maximum of 7/20, a maximum of 6/20, a maximum of 5/20, a maximum of 4/20, or a maximum of 3/20 of the surface area. Moreover, either or each of the antennas 1207 and 1211 may extend over a surface area comprising any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned herein.

13 includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article 1300 including an abrasive body 1301. The polishing body 1301 may include an inner circumferential region 1302 and an outer circumferential region 1303. In some examples, the polishing body 1301 may include a central region 1310.

The wear detection sensor 1304 includes a first electronic device including an electronic device 1305 coupled to the antenna 1306 and a second electronic device including an electronic device 1307 coupled to the antenna 1308.

The antennas 1306 and 1308 may include curved portions that may extend in the circumferential direction of the polishing body 1301. In a particular example, antennas 1306 and 1308 may include a length that may extend circumferentially. In a further example, one or both of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend circumferentially, axially, radially, or any combination thereof. In another example, the antennas 1306 and 1308 may have the same or different lengths from each other.

In another example, one or both of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend a specific length along a portion of the polishing body 1301. In one aspect, one or both of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend along a portion of a major surface, a peripheral surface, or a combination thereof. In another aspect, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may be extended by a specific length that may facilitate improved data transmission and/or continuous power supply. For example, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 is at least 1/10 of the outer circumference of the polishing body 1301, for example, at least 2/10, at least 3/10 of the outer circumference of the polishing body 1301, It may extend by at least 4/10, at least 5/10, at least 6/10, or at least 7/10. In another example, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may be configured by a maximum of 9/10 of the outer periphery of the polishing body 1301, such as a maximum of 8/10, a maximum of 7/10 of the outer periphery of the polishing body 1301, It can be extended by up to 6/10, up to 5/10, or up to 4/10. Moreover, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend a length within a range including any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned herein.

In another example, either or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 can be applied to a specific surface area of the polishing body that can facilitate continuous power supply and/or improved data transmission of the electronics 1305 and/or 1307. Can be extended over. For example, either or each of the antennas 1306, 1308 may be at least 1/20 of the surface area of the major or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1301, for example, of the major or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1301. It can extend over at least 2/20, at least 3/20, at least 4/20, or at least 5/20 of the surface area. In another example, either or each of the antennas 1306, 1308 is at most 10/20 of the surface area of the major or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1201, for example, of the major or peripheral surface of the polishing body 1301. It can extend over a maximum of 9/20, a maximum of 8/20, a maximum of 7/20, a maximum of 6/20, a maximum of 5/20, a maximum of 4/20, or a maximum of 3/20 of the surface area. Moreover, either or each of the antennas 1306, 1308 may extend over a surface area comprising any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned herein.

As illustrated, each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may have an arc shape. The antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend toward each other and may be spaced radially, axially, circumferentially, or a combination thereof.

The antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend along a portion of the inner circumferential region 1302, a portion of the outer circumferential region 1303, or both. In some examples, antennas 1306 and 1308 and electronic devices 1305 and 1307 may be disposed outside the central area 1310. In another example, one of the electronic devices 1307 and 1305 may be disposed in the central circumferential region 1310 or the outer circumferential region 1303.

In some examples, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may extend along a portion of the major surface of the polishing body. In a particular example, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may be attached to a major surface of the polishing body. In another example, one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 is at least partially embedded in the polishing body. In a further example, at least one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may include a portion exposed to the external environment. In a specific example, at least one or each of the antennas 1306 and 1308 may include a portion protruding out of the surface portion of the inner circumferential region 1302.

In another embodiment, the wear detection sensor may include a specific number of electronic devices that may facilitate improving the response of the electronic device to the data receiving device. For example, the wear detection sensor may include at least one electronic device, such as at least 2, at least 3, at least 5, at least 6, or at least 7 electronic devices. In a further embodiment, the wear detection sensor may contain up to 45 electronic devices, such as up to 40, up to 35, up to 30, up to 25, up to 20, up to 15, up to 12, up to 10, up to 9 It may contain dogs, or up to eight electronic devices. Moreover, the number of electronic devices may be within a range including any one of the minimum and maximum values mentioned herein. For example, the wear detection sensor may include 1 to 45 electronic devices.

In one aspect, the wear detection sensor may include a plurality of electronic devices spaced apart from each other in a radial direction, an axial direction, a circumferential direction, or a combination thereof. In another aspect, at least some of the plurality of electronic devices may be disposed at an angle to each other. In another aspect, some of the electronic devices may be radially aligned. In another aspect, some of the electronic devices may be disposed in parallel. In a further aspect, the plurality of electronic devices may extend toward the material removal surface of the polishing body.

14 includes an illustration of a plan view of an abrasive article 1400 including a wear detection sensor including a polishing body 1401 and a plurality of electronic devices 1402 extending along a portion of the polishing body 1401. The plurality of electronic devices 1402 may include electronic devices identical to or different from each other, including any one of the electronic devices mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention. In certain examples, the plurality of electronic devices 1402 may include an RFID tag or sensor, an NFID tag or sensor, or any combination thereof.

In some examples, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may extend along a portion of a major surface, a peripheral surface, or a combination thereof of the polishing body 1401. In another example, one or more or each of the electronic devices 1402 may be partially or completely embedded in the polishing body.

The polishing body 1401 may include an inner circumferential region 1404 and an outer circumferential region 1403. The plurality of electronic devices 1402 may be disposed in the outer circumferential area 1403. In some examples, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may be disposed in the inner circumferential region 1404. In a further example, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may extend along a portion of the inner circumferential region 1404 and a portion of the outer circumferential region 1403. In another example, one or more of the electronic devices 1402 may include an end aligned with the material removal surface of the polishing body 1401.

At least some of the electronic devices 1402 may include an electronic device 1410 and an antenna 1411. The electronic device 1410 may be located in the inner circumferential region 1405.

When the abrasive 1400 is operated, one or more of the electronic devices may contact the material removal surface, and a part of the electronic device may be removed. The damaged electronic device(s) may reflect reduced power in response to the data receiving device or may stop responding upon transition to an inactive state. Since a decrease in reflected energy can be sensed and calculated by the data receiving device, the operator can be alerted about the wear condition of the abrasive article 1400 and determine when the abrasive article 1400 should be replaced.

15 includes an illustration of a top view of a portion of an abrasive body 1500 of another abrasive article. The polishing main body 1500 may include an inner circumference 1501 and an outer circumference 1502 defining a central hole of the polishing main body 1500. In some examples, the periphery may define a material removal surface. In some examples, the abrasive body can include a major surface 1503. In other examples, the polishing body can include a peripheral surface 1503.

A wear detection sensor including a plurality of electronic devices may include a first electronic device 1504 and a second electronic device 1505. The first and second electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may be arranged with a step difference from each other, and may be disposed parallel to each other. The first and second electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may extend along a portion of the polishing body 1500 and may be spaced apart from each other in a radial direction, an axial direction, a circumferential direction, or a combination thereof. In some examples, first and second electronics 1504 and 1505 may extend along surface 1503. In another example, the first and second electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may extend radially, axially, or a combination thereof toward the material removal surface. In a further example, one or each of the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may be partially or completely embedded in the polishing body 1500.

The first electronic device 1504 may include a first length L ₁ extending between the ends 1512 and 1511, wherein the distal end 1511 is more in the inner periphery 1501 than the distal end 1512. Close, and the distal end 1512 may be closer to the outer periphery 1502 than the distal end 1511.

The second electronic device 1505 may include a second length L ₂ extending between the ends 1513 and 1514, wherein the distal end 1513 is more in the inner periphery 1501 than the distal end 1514. Close, and the distal end 1514 may be closer to the outer periphery 1502 than the distal end 1513. The lengths L ₁ and L ₂ may be the same or different from each other.

_{In one aspect, the distance δd I1} from the distal end 1511 to the inner circumference 1501 may be greater than _{the distance δd I2} between the distal end 1513 and the inner circumference 1501. For example, _{the relative difference between δd I1} and δd _I2 is at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%. Can be In another example, _{the relative difference between δd I1} and δd _I2 may be at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, at most 50%, at most 45%, at most 40%, at most 35%, or at most 30%. Moreover, _{the relative difference between δd I1} and δd _I2 may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum percentages mentioned herein.

_{In another aspect, the distance δd O2} between the distal end 1514 and the outer periphery 1502 may be greater than _{the distance δd O1} from the distal end 1512 to the outer periphery 1502. For example, _{the relative difference between δd O1} and δd _O2 is at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%. Can be In other examples, _{the relative difference between δd O1} and δd _O2 may be at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, at most 50%, at most 45%, at most 40%, at most 35%, or at most 30%. Moreover, the relative difference between δdO1 and δdO2 may be within a range including any of the minimum and maximum percentages mentioned herein.

In a preferred operation of the abrasive article, the first electronic device 1504 may be damaged faster than the second polishing device 1505, thereby changing the signal received by the data receiving device. For example, when the wear reaches the position 1507 of the first electronic device 1504, the first electronic device 1504 may be damaged and transition to an inactive state (eg, a non-operating state), but the second The electronic device 1505 may be maintained in an operating state. Signal changes, such as changes in signal strength or strength, may be measured and/or calculated by the data receiving device, and the data receiving device may send a wear warning to the operator. In certain aspects, the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may be positioned to determine the level of wear when the wear reaches a specific location, such as 1507 of the first electronic device. For example, the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may be positioned such that the wear level can be 50% when reaching the position 1507. As operation continues, position 1506 may be reached and the second electronics may be damaged. Additional changes in the signal received by the data receiving device can be utilized to alert the operator of a wear level, such as 80% wear, to warn the operator that the abrasive article is about to reach its end of life.

In some preferred shaping processes, the polishing body precursor may be subjected to a heating cycle of 20 to 30 hours to form the finally formed polishing body. In some examples, electronics such as 1504 and 1505 may be subjected to the same heating cycle. In this example, the electronic devices 1504 and 1505 may include a protective layer to improve the heat resistance of the electronic device and/or facilitate coupling of the electronic device to the polishing body. The protective layer may cover at least a portion of the electronic device, and in certain examples, the protective layer may seal the entire electronic device. In one aspect, the protective layer may comprise a heat resistant material. In another aspect, the protective layer may include the lead protective material described in embodiments of the present invention. In certain aspects, the protective layer may comprise a polyimide film.

In other examples, electronics such as 1504 and 1505 may be coupled to the polishing body after the heating cycle is complete. In a preferred embodiment, openings may be formed in the wheel mounting plate and/or the polishing body to accommodate electronic devices, for example using a snap-fit configuration. The electronic device may be fixed to the mounting plate and/or the outer surface of the polishing body. In certain instances, the coating may be applied on the electronic device and may be applied on at least a portion of the mounting plate and/or on a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body. The coating can help to secure the electronic device and/or protect the electronic device from the external environment. A preferred coating may include an epoxy.

In another example, electronic devices such as 1504 and 1505 may include components that may be separately attached to the polishing body. For example, an electronic device may include a two-piece tag that includes an antenna and an integrated circuit such as an RFID circuit. The antenna can be attached to the polishing body before the heating cycle, and the integrated circuit can be attached after the heating cycle. In certain embodiments, an opening may be formed in the mounting plate attached to the polishing body precursor, and the antenna may be attached to an outer surface, such as a peripheral surface of the polishing body precursor, adjacent to the cut portion of the mounting plate. In some examples, a non-abrasive portion, such as a fibrous layer, may be wound around at least a portion of the antenna and peripheral surface. After the heating cycle, the antenna can be bonded to the abrasive body and/or the non-abrasive portion, and the integrated circuit can be placed in the opening of the mounting plate and attached to the antenna via a snap fit configuration. In a specific example, the antenna may be a dipole antenna. In another specific example, the dipole antenna may be formed using a conductive material including a conductive ink and a metal wire such as a copper wire. In another specific example, the dipole antenna may include a thin film such as a thin metal foil, and in a more specific example, the dipole antenna may include a thin copper foil tape. In another specific example, the electronic device may include an integrated circuit printed on a flexible substrate (eg, a PCB), and an antenna may be attached to the integrated circuit.

16A includes an illustration of an abrasive article 1600 including a body 1601. The wear detection sensor may include an electronic device including an electronic device 1605 and an antenna 1606. The electronic device 1605 may be located in the inner circumferential region 1602 of the polishing body, and the antenna 1606 is a material removal surface along a part of the inner circumferential region 1602 and a part of the outer circumferential region 1603, that is, a peripheral surface. Can be extended toward.

Grinding the material in article removed utilizing the 1600 work, as the outer diameter _(O D) is reduced, it is possible to start the size of the antenna 1606 is reduced. When the antenna size is reduced, the energy reflected from the antenna may be reduced. Referring to Figure 16b, to increase the reduction of the reflected energy as the wheel diameter (D _O) is reduced. An outer diameter _(O D) is a function of the reduction of the energy reflected by the antenna. Wear of the abrasive article can be judged based on the reduction in reflected energy.

17A includes an example of a cross-section of an abrasive article 1701 comprising a body 1702 and a wear detection sensor 1703 completely embedded in the abrasive body 1702. The body may include a central hole 1705, an inner circumferential region 1706, and an outer circumferential region 1707. The boundary between the inner area and the outer area is indicated by a dotted line.

The wear detection sensor 1703 may include an electronic device 1709 positioned in the inner circumferential region 1706 and an antenna 1708 extending in a serpentine shape toward the material removal surface 1704. In another example, the antennas may be arranged in the form of a loop or multiple loops. This type of antenna or the like can facilitate improving wear detection. For example, in the material removal process, several parts of the antenna may be removed at the same level of wear of the polishing body, which may increase the amount of data generated by the electronic device. In certain instances, data can be compared to determine the level of wear of the abrasive body.

In some implementations, the antenna may be arranged such that a portion of the antenna may protrude out of the major surface of the polishing body. As illustrated in FIG. 17B, the abrasive article 1701 may include a body 1702 and a wear detection sensor 1713 embedded in the polishing body 1702. The wear detection sensor 1713 may include an electronic device 1709 and an antenna 1718, where a portion 1720 of the antenna 1718 is raised above the major surface 1714. The ridge 1720 is adjacent to the inner circumferential region 1716 and can be visually recognized on the major surface 1714, thereby visually observing the wear of the polishing body and confirming the wear level detected by the data receiving device. For example, starting to decrease in size of the ridge 1720 may be an indicator that its life expectancy is about to end. In another example, the disappearance of the ridge 1720 may be an indication that the abrasive article 1701 needs to be replaced.

The abrasive particles contained in the binder of the abrasive article may include oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, oxynitrides, oxyborides, diamonds, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the abrasive particles may comprise a superabrasive material, such as cubic boron nitride or diamond.

In one embodiment, the average particle size (D50) of the abrasive particles may be at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns, or at least 5 microns, or at least 8 microns. In other embodiments, the average particle size of the abrasive particles is 6000 microns or less, such as 5000 microns or less, 3000 microns or less, 2000 microns or less, 1500 microns or less, or 1000 microns or less, or 900 microns or less, 800 microns or less, 500 microns or less. , Or 300 microns or less. The average particle size of the abrasive particles may be a value within a range including any one of the above-described minimum and maximum values.

The bonding material of the abrasive article of the present invention may have certain bonding chemistry properties that can facilitate the manufacture and performance improvement of the abrasive article. The binder may be an inorganic material, an organic material, or a combination thereof. The binder may have a specific porosity or may be free porosity. In one embodiment, the binder may be an inorganic material such as a metal, metal alloy, ceramic, glass, ceramic, cermet, or any combination thereof. The binder may have at least one of a single crystal phase, a polycrystalline phase, an amorphous phase, or any combination thereof. In yet another aspect, the binder may comprise an oxide, boride, nitride, carbide, or any combination thereof.

In other embodiments, the binder can be an organic material such as a natural material, a synthetic material, a polymer, a resin, an epoxy, a thermosetting material, a thermoplastic material, an elastomer, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the organic material is a phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane, polyester, polyimide, polybenzimidazole, aromatic polyamide, modified phenolic resin (e.g., epoxy modified and rubber modified resin, or Phenolic resin mixed with a plasticizer), or any combination thereof.

In addition, the present invention relates to a system for detecting wear of an abrasive article. The system may include an abrasive body comprising abrasive particles in a binder and a wear detection system coupled to the abrasive body. The wear detection system includes: a wear detection sensor including at least one lead configured to change a state between an active state and an inactive state; And at least one logic element coupled to the wear detection sensor and configured to detect a state change of the at least one lead and generate a wear signal based on the state change. In one aspect, the wear signal may correspond to a measured voltage increase across the electrical circuit of the at least one lead.

In another embodiment, a system for detecting wear of an abrasive article is configured to receive data, such as a wear signal generated by any of the abrasive articles described in embodiments of the present invention, and a wear detection sensor. May contain units. In one aspect, the data receiving unit is further configured to transmit data, provide energy to the wear detection sensor, transmit a signal to the wear detection sensor, receive a response from the wear detection sensor, or perform a combination thereof. I can. In certain aspects, the electronic device, antenna, or electronic device may be wirelessly powered by the data receiving unit. In another aspect, the data receiving unit may comprise a data receiving device, a database, a system, or a combination thereof. Preferred data receiving devices may include readers, pagers, mobile phones, computers, databases, or combinations thereof.

In a further example, the system may include an additional antenna, where the antenna may not be coupled to the electronics. In certain instances, the antenna may help amplify the signal generated by the wear detection sensor, the data receiving unit, or both.

18 includes an illustration of a preferred system for detecting wear in an abrasive article 1803 comprising a wear detection sensor 1804. The abrasive article 1803 is installed on a grinding machine including a metal cage 1801 and is used in a material removal process. The metal cage 1801 may include an opening, and a booster antenna 1805 is disposed in the opening. The system may further include a data receiving unit including an edge receiving antenna 1806, an edge computing processor 1807, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the edge computing process may be connected to the cloud or the like.

Metal cages can adversely affect signal transmission. With the help of the booster antenna 1805, a wear signal generated by the wear detection sensor 1804, or a signal such as reflected energy, or other signal, can be amplified and/or transmitted by the booster antenna, and the edge receiving antenna ( 1806) and processor 1807.

In addition, the present invention relates to a method of detecting wear of an abrasive article. In one embodiment, a method of detecting wear of an abrasive article may include performing a material removal process with the abrasive article. The abrasive article may include a polishing body having abrasive particles contained in the binder, and may include a wear detection sensor embedded in at least a portion of the polishing body, or the wear detection sensor may be provided along the outer surface of the polishing body. Can be extended. During the material removal process, the abrasive article may be worn and the material of the polishing body may be removed, which may be detected by a wear signal generated by a wear detection sensor. The wear signal may be based on removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor. As described above, the wear detection sensor may include at least one lead, and the wear signal may correspond to an inactive state of one of the at least one lead by blocking current flow through the lead.

In another embodiment, a method of detecting wear of an abrasive article includes removing at least a portion of a wear detection sensor attached to at least a portion of the polishing body, and a wear signal based on removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor. It may include the step of generating. In one aspect, removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may include removing a portion of the antenna. In a further aspect, if the length or surface area of the antenna or a combination thereof decreases, a wear signal may be generated. In a further aspect, the wear signal may be received and interpreted by the data receiving device as an indicator of the wear level.

In another aspect, removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor may include removing the first portion of the first electronic device and removing the second portion of the second electronic device. In a further aspect, a first wear signal may be generated based on removing the first portion, and a second wear signal may be generated based on removing the second portion. In yet another aspect, the first and second wear signals can be compared by the data receiving unit to determine the wear level of the abrasive article. In another aspect, portions of additional electronics, such as a third portion or more, can be removed and an additional wear signal can be generated and used to ascertain the level of wear.

In another embodiment, a method of detecting wear of an abrasive article may include improving the response of the wear detection sensor. In certain embodiments, the abrasive article may be installed on a grinder comprising a metal cage. Only part of the abrasive article may be exposed to the external environment during the grinding operation. Since the metal cage may adversely affect the signal transmission of the wear detection sensor, the signal can be transmitted only when the wear detection sensor is exposed to the external environment. For example, the data receiving device may receive the energy reflected by the electronic device only when the wear detection sensor is exposed, and accordingly, the data output frequency of the data receiving device may be lowered. As illustrated in FIG. 19A, when the wear detection sensor includes one electronic device, reflected energy may be received at intervals. Increasing the number of electronic devices can help to reduce the spacing, and in certain instances, can continuously receive reflected energy. In certain aspects, the wear detection sensor may include at least two, at least four, or more electronic devices to improve the response of the wear detection sensor to the data receiving device. In another aspect, a method of detecting wear of an abrasive article may include improving the frequency of data output by the data receiving device. As illustrated in FIG. 19B, when the wear detection sensor includes four electronic devices, reflected energy may be detected at a much shorter interval compared to the wear detection sensor having one electronic device.

Further embodiments relate to methods of detecting vibration, acoustics, revolutions per minute, cracks and/or other operating conditions of an abrasive article. The wear detection sensor mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention may be suitable for detection. Certain operating conditions, such as cracks, vibrations and acoustics, for example, can affect the resistance or impedance of the electric field, which can be detected by the wear detection sensor and change the signal. In some examples, one or more additional components, such as other electronic devices, logic devices, passive devices, leads, or antennas, may be coupled to the wear detection sensor to facilitate detection of the operating conditions of the abrasive article.

20 includes an illustration of a specific embodiment of a wear sensor 2000 according to an embodiment. The wear sensor 2000 may include a sensing circuit 2001, a microcontroller 2002, an RFID transceiver 2003, and an antenna 2004. In one embodiment, the sensing circuit 2001 may convert a magnetic field into an equivalent digital electrical output (current/voltage). Alternatively, the wear sensor 2000 may include an analog-to-digital converter for converting a detection signal. In other embodiments, the wear sensor 2000 may include additional components such as passive elements. For example, the wear sensor 2000 may include a memory for storing data. In one embodiment, the wear sensor 2000 may be included in a package, printed or attached to a substrate.

The microcontroller 2002 may receive a signal from the sensing circuit 2001 and transmit related data to the RFID transceiver 2003 and/or an external communication unit. The microcontroller 2002 may perform a specific operation such as determining a wear level based on a sensing signal received from the sensing circuit and/or transmitting data related to the wear level to the RFID transceiver 2003. In some examples, the data transmitted from the microcontroller 2002 may be a detection signal, a wear level and/or additional information, such as a command to adjust the grinding/cutting parameters and/or terminate the current grinding/cutting operation, or an appropriate grinding. / May include instructions for cutting operations, etc., or a combination thereof. The microcontroller may store data in the transceiver 2003 or in memory, and the data can be referenced for the next operation using the polishing tool. Additionally or alternatively, the microcontroller 2002 may receive data from the RFID transceiver 2003 and transmit the data to the sensing circuit 2001.

The antenna 2004 may be directional or omni-directional. The antenna 2004 may function to receive and/or transmit signals and/or data to and from an external communication unit. The sensing circuit 2000 may be powered by a battery, powered by a wire, or wirelessly powered through an antenna 2004, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or any combination thereof.

A preferred sensing circuit may include a magnetometer such as a three-axis magnetometer, a temperature and/or humidity sensor, a three-axis accelerometer, or a capacitive input interface, or the like, or any combination thereof.

The magnetometer can detect the surrounding magnetic field and convert it into a digital electrical output. In applications involving iron workpieces, the intrinsic magnetic field of the workpiece can be a source of magnetic field changes in the magnetometer. The magnetometer can detect the proximity of the workpiece to the grinding tool. In some applications, the magnetometer may function as a counter indicating the number of grinds performed on a single workpiece, as changes in the dimensions of the workpiece can change the magnetic field. In other applications, wear of the abrasive tool can be detected and manifested as a sudden change in the magnetic field. In some examples, grinding interference due to foreign matter may be detected due to magnetic field interference. If the workpiece is tilted improperly, the magnetic field can shift and the magnetometer can detect it.

The temperature and/or humidity sensor may sense the ambient temperature and/or humidity, and in some examples, convert the signal into an equivalent digital electrical output. In some examples, the temperature and/or humidity sensor may be based on capacitive sensing and may not be affected by the magnetic field of a ferrous environment. In some examples, temperature and/or humidity sensors can detect the presence of coolant on the workpiece, application of inappropriate coolant, or any combination thereof due to the coolant's effect on capacity.

The 3-axis accelerometer can be based on a MEMS accelerometer that detects 3-axis acceleration. The 3-axis accelerometer can detect the vibration and angular acceleration of the grinding tool, and can convert the detection signal into an equivalent digital electrical output. In some examples, acoustic data may be obtained by detecting a surface acoustic wave. In other examples, a three-axis accelerometer can detect the wheel rpm by counting the number of repeated grinding cycles.

In some examples, the wear sensor may further include a capacitive plate or wire when the capacitive input interface is used as the sensing circuit. The capacitive plate or wire may be external to the components illustrated in FIG. 20. The capacitive plate or wire can detect changes in the density of the polishing body, such as loss of material or cracks in the polishing body. The capacitive change can be sensed by the capacitive input interface and converted into an equivalent digital electrical output.

21 includes an example of the components of an RF reader 2100 that includes an RF unit (eg, a transceiver) 2106. The RF unit 2106 may generate an RF signal and receive a reflection signal and data from a wear sensor such as the wear sensor 2000. The up converter 2107 and the down converter 2108 may adjust and match the frequency between the control unit 2102 and the RF signal. DAC unit 2104 and ADC unit 2106 are analog/digital converters. The control unit 2102 can control all data acquisition so that the same antenna can be used as a transmitter and a receiver. The Wi-Fi/Bluetooth unit 2101 may facilitate communication with an external server, visualization device, cloud, or any combination thereof. The reader 2100 may be supplied with power by the power unit 2103. In other implementations, the reader 2100 may include one or more additional components or fewer components than illustrated.

The abrasive article described in embodiments of the present invention can be used in a variety of material removal operations, where it is desirable to observe the wear step of the abrasive body during the material removal process. Non-limiting embodiments may include, but are not limited to, bonded abrasives that may be configured in various grades, structures, and shapes. In one particular embodiment, the abrasive article may comprise a bonded abrasive grinding wheel. More specifically, the abrasive article may be a grinding wheel configured to be attached to a portion of a railroad vehicle, or another article configured to grind a railroad track.

It will be appreciated that the abrasive articles of the present invention may have any suitable size and shape known in the art.

Many other aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are described herein. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. Embodiments may be according to any one or more of the embodiments listed below.

Specific example

Specific Example 1. An abrasive article comprising: an abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained in a binder; And a wear detection sensor configured to detect a dimensional change of the polishing body, at least a portion coupled to at least a portion of the polishing body and extending along at least a portion of the polishing body.

Specific Example 2. An abrasive article, comprising: an abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained in a binder; A wear detection sensor including at least one lead in contact with the polishing body; And at least one logic element in communication with the at least one conductive lead.

Embodiment 3. The abrasive article according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein at least a part of the wear detection sensor extends along the outer surface of the polishing body.

Specific Example 4. In any one of specific examples 1 and 2, the first portion of the wear detection sensor is coupled to a part of the polishing body, the second portion of the wear detection sensor is coupled to the hub, and the hub is polished. Abrasive articles that are bonded to the body.

Embodiment 5. The abrasive article of Embodiment 4, wherein the first portion includes at least one lead and the second portion includes a logic element.

Embodiment 6. The abrasive article of Embodiment 4, wherein the first portion comprises a logic element, and the second portion comprises at least one lead extending from the logic element.

Specific Example 7. The abrasive article according to any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein at least a part of the wear detection sensor is embedded in the polishing body.

Specific Example 8. The polishing article of specific Example 7, wherein the part of the wear detection sensor embedded in the polishing body extends deeply into the volume of the polishing body toward the material removal surface of the polishing body.

Embodiment 9. The abrasive article of Embodiment 8, wherein the portion of the wear detection sensor embedded in the abrasive body includes at least one lead extending from a logic element.

Embodiment 10. The abrasive article of Embodiment 9, wherein the logic element is coupled to an outer surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 11. The abrasive article of Embodiment 10, wherein the logic element is coupled to a hub, and the hub is coupled to the abrasive body.

Embodiment 12. The abrasive article of Embodiment 10, wherein the portion of the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of leads extending parallel to each other by different depths into the volume of the abrasive body.

Specific Example 13. The polishing article of specific Example 2, wherein the logic element and the wear detection sensor are coupled to an outer surface of the polishing body.

Embodiment 14. The abrasive article of Embodiment 1, wherein the wear detection sensor includes at least one lead in contact with the abrasive body.

Embodiment 15. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 2 and 14, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of leads.

Embodiment 16. The abrasive article of Embodiment 15, wherein at least one lead of the plurality of leads extends along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body.

Embodiment 17. The abrasive article of Embodiment 15, wherein most of the leads of the plurality of leads extend along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body.

Embodiment 18. The abrasive article of Embodiment 15, wherein each lead of the plurality of leads extends along a portion of the outer surface of the polishing body.

Embodiment 19. The abrasive article of Embodiment 15, wherein the plurality of leads have different lengths compared to each other.

Embodiment 20. The abrasive article of Embodiment 14, wherein at least one lead of the plurality of leads is embedded within the abrasive body.

Embodiment 21. The abrasive article of Embodiment 20, wherein all of the plurality of leads are embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 22. The abrasive article of Embodiment 20, wherein at least two of the plurality of leads have ends spaced apart from each other.

Embodiment 23. The abrasive article of Embodiment 22, wherein each lead of the plurality of leads includes ends, and the ends are spaced apart from each other.

Embodiment 24. The abrasive article of embodiment 23, wherein each ends are positioned at a different location with respect to each other.

Embodiment 25. The abrasive article of embodiment 23, wherein each ends are embedded in the abrasive body at a different depth relative to each other.

Embodiment 26. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 2 and 14, wherein the at least one lead is partially embedded within the abrasive body.

Embodiment 27. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 2 and 14, wherein the at least one lead is embedded within the abrasive body.

Embodiment 28. The abrasive article according to Embodiment 2 or 14, wherein the at least one lead comprises the elongate plate or wire configured to change resistance in response to the length of the elongate plate or wire.

Embodiment 29. The embodiment of Embodiment 2 or 14, wherein the at least one lead comprises an electric circuit comprising two wires connected by a plurality of resistors, wherein the resistors are at different positions along the length direction of the two wires. Abrasive articles placed parallel to each other in the.

Embodiment 30. The abrasive article of Embodiment 2 or 14, wherein the at least one lead comprises a metal or a metal alloy.

Embodiment 31. The abrasive article according to Embodiment 1, further comprising a logic element in communication with the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 32. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 2, 14, or 31, wherein the logic element comprises a microcontroller configured to detect a change in state of the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 33. The wear detection sensor of any one of embodiments 2, 14, or 31, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one lead configured to change a state between an active state and an inactive state, and the logic element comprises the at least one An abrasive article comprising a microcontroller configured to detect a change in the state of a lead of.

Specific Example 34. In any one of specific examples 2, 14, or 31, the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of leads, and each lead of the plurality of leads has an end at a different position, and when used, the lead The end of the abrasive article is configured to be worn and configured to change state from an active state to an inactive state upon wear.

Embodiment 35. The distance DT perpendicular to the end of the at least one lead from the natural external material removal surface of the polishing body is at least 100 microns, such as at least 200 microns, Or at least 300 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 800 microns, or at least 900 microns, or at least 1000 microns, or at least 5000 microns, and is 1.5 meters or less, such as 1.3 meters or less, or 1.0 meters or less, or 0.8 meters or less, Or 0.5 meter or less, or 0.3 meter or less, or 0.1 meter or less, or 0.05 meter or less, or 0.01 meter or less.

Embodiment 36. The distance DI between the two lead ends in the thickness direction of the polishing body to each other is at least 50 microns, such as at least 100 microns, at least 250 microns, Is at least 500 microns, or at least 1000 microns, and is 1.5 meters or less, such as 1.2 meters or less, or 1 meter or less, or 0.8 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, or 0.3 meters or less, or 0.2 meters or less, or 0.1 meters or less, or Abrasive articles less than 0.05 meters, or less than 0.01 meters.

Embodiment 37.The method of embodiment 2, 14, or 31, wherein the total length of the at least one read is at least 100 microns, such as at least 200 microns, or at least 500 microns, or at least 1000 microns, or at least 10,000 microns, or at least 50,000 microns, 10 meters or less, such as 8 meters or less, 5 meters or less, 3 meters or less, 2 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.0 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.5 meters or less, 0.3 meters or less, 0.2 Abrasive articles measuring less than a meter, less than 0.1 meters, less than 0.05 meters, or less than 0.01 meters.

Embodiment 38. The abrasive article of Embodiments 2, 14, or 31, wherein each said at least one lead comprises an electrical circuit.

Embodiment 39. The abrasive article of Embodiments 2, 14, or 31, wherein the at least one lead is a plurality of leads, and the plurality of leads are joined within a single electrical circuit.

Embodiment 40. The method of Embodiment 2, 14, or 31, wherein the at least one lead comprises at least 2 leads, or at least 3 leads, at least 5 leads, at least 7 leads, or at least 9 leads. Polishing supplies.

Embodiment 41.The at least one lead according to embodiment 2, 14, or 31, wherein the at least one lead is 100 or less leads, such as 80 or less leads, 60 or less leads, 50 or less leads, 30 or less leads. Abrasive articles containing leads, 20 or fewer leads, 15 or fewer leads, or 10 or fewer leads.

Embodiment 42. The abrasive article of Embodiments 2, 14, or 31, wherein the logic element further comprises a communication device for wireless communication with an external controller.

Embodiment 43. The abrasive article of Embodiment 42, wherein the communication device is a transceiver.

Embodiment 44. The abrasive article of Embodiment 43, wherein the communication device is an RFID transceiver.

Embodiment 45. A system for detecting wear of an abrasive article, comprising: an abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained in a binder; And a wear detection system coupled to the polishing body, the wear detection system comprising: a wear detection sensor including at least one lead configured to change a state between an active state and an inactive state; And at least one logic element coupled to the wear detection sensor and configured to detect a change in state of the at least one lead and generate a wear signal based on the change in state.

Embodiment 46. The system of embodiment 45, wherein the wear signal corresponds to a change in voltage measured across the electrical circuit of the at least one lead.

Embodiment 47. The system of Embodiment 45, wherein each lead of the at least one lead has an independent electrical circuit, and the inactive state of the at least one lead corresponds to a blocked electrical circuit.

Embodiment 48. A system for detecting wear of an abrasive article, comprising: an abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained in a binder; And a wear detection system coupled to the polishing body, wherein the wear detection system includes: a wear detection sensor including at least one lead configured to change resistance when the polishing body wears; And at least one logic element coupled to the wear detection sensor and configured to measure the resistance of the at least one lead and generate a wear signal based on a change in the measured resistance.

Embodiment 49. The system of Embodiment 48, wherein the at least one lead is the elongate plate or wire configured to change resistance in response to a length of the elongate plate or wire.

Embodiment 50. The embodiment of embodiment 48, wherein the at least one lead comprises an electrical circuit comprising two wires connected by a plurality of resistors, wherein the resistors are connected to each other at different locations along the length distance of the two wires. Systems located in parallel.

Embodiment 51. A method of detecting wear of an abrasive article, comprising: performing a material removal process with an abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained in a bonding material; Removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor embedded in at least a portion of the polishing body; And generating a wear signal based on removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 52. The method of Embodiment 51, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one lead configured to change state between an active state and an inactive state.

Embodiment 53. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear signal is generated by removing at least a portion of the at least one lead and changing the state of the lead from an active state to an inactive state.

Embodiment 54. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear signal corresponds to a change in voltage measured across the electrical circuit of the at least one lead.

Embodiment 55. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the wear signal corresponds to a measured change in resistance of the at least one lead.

Embodiment 56. The method of embodiment 51, wherein the at least one lead is an elongate plate or wire, and the change in resistance corresponds to a decrease in length of the elongate plate or wire upon wear of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 57. The method of Embodiment 51, wherein the at least one lead comprises an electrical circuit comprising two wires connected by a plurality of resistors, wherein the resistors are connected to each other at different positions along the length direction of the two wires. A method of being placed in parallel, wherein the change in total resistance of the circuit corresponds to the amount of resistors destroyed upon wear of the polishing body.

Embodiment 58. As an abrasive article,

The abrasive particles contained in the bonding material

A polishing body comprising; And

Coupled to the polishing body,

A wear detection sensor configured to detect a change in dimensionality of the polishing body,

The wear detection sensor is an abrasive article comprising at least one electronic device.

Embodiment 59. The abrasive article according to Embodiment 58, wherein at least a portion of the wear detection sensor directly contacts a portion of the polishing body.

Embodiment 60. The abrasive article of Embodiment 58 or 59, wherein the at least one electronic device comprises an antenna.

Embodiment 61. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 58 to 60, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one, at least two, at least four, or at least six antennas.

Embodiment 62. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein the electronic device is attached to a major surface of the abrasive body, a peripheral surface of the abrasive body, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 63. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein the electronic device is at least partially embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 64. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein the electronic device is completely embedded within the abrasive body.

Embodiment 65. The wear detection sensor according to any one of embodiments 58 to 64, wherein the wear detection sensor includes an electrical component coupled to the at least one electronic device, and the electrical component is a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, or Abrasive article comprising a combination.

Embodiment 66. The abrasive article of Embodiment 65, wherein the electrical component comprises a first capacitance plate and a second capacitance plate spaced apart from the first capacitance plate.

Embodiment 67. The polishing body according to Embodiment 65 or 66, wherein the polishing body includes an inner circumferential region and an outer circumferential region, the first capacitance plate is located in the inner circumferential region, and the second capacitance plate is located in the outer circumferential region. goods.

Embodiment 68. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 65-67, wherein the electrical component is attached to or at least partially embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 69. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 65 to 68, wherein at least one of the first and second capacitance plates is attached to a major surface of the polishing body, a peripheral surface of the polishing body, or a combination thereof. .

Embodiment 70. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 65 to 69, wherein both the first and second capacitance plates are attached to a major or peripheral surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 71.Polishing according to any one of embodiments 65 to 69, wherein the first capacitance plate is attached to a major surface or a peripheral surface of the polishing body, and the second capacitance plate is at least partially embedded in the polishing body. goods.

Embodiment 72. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 65 to 68, wherein both the first and second capacitance plates are at least partially embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 73. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 65-68, wherein both the first and second capacitance plates are completely embedded within the abrasive body.

Embodiment 74. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 58 to 73, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a loop circuit.

Embodiment 75. The abrasive article of Embodiment 74, wherein the loop circuit comprises a resistive wire loop coupled to the at least one electronic device.

Embodiment 76. The abrasive article of Embodiment 74 or 75, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a loop circuit comprising the electrical component.

Embodiment 77. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 74-76, wherein the loop circuit further comprises a resistive element.

Embodiment 78. The abrasive article of Embodiment 77, wherein the resistive element comprises a resistor, a resistive wire, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 79. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 74-78, wherein the loop circuit comprises a plurality of capacitors, a plurality of resistors, a plurality of inductors, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 80. The method of any one of Embodiments 58 to 64, wherein the at least one electronic device includes an electronic device and an antenna directly electrically connected to the electronic device, and the electronic device is a chip, an integrated circuit, a logic, and a transformer. Abrasive articles comprising a phone, a transceiver, a memory, a passive device, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 81. The abrasive article of Embodiment 80, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of electronic devices including the at least one electronic device.

Embodiment 82. The abrasive article of Embodiment 80 or 81, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of electronic devices, and at least some of the electronic devices include an antenna.

Embodiment 83. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 80 to 82, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of electronic devices, and each of the electronic devices includes an antenna.

Embodiment 84. The electronic device according to any one of embodiments 80 to 83, wherein the wear detection sensor includes at least one, at least two, at least three, or at least four antennas directly electrically coupled to the electronic device. Abrasive article comprising a.

Embodiment 85. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80-84, wherein the antenna comprises a thin film antenna.

Embodiment 86. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80 to 85, wherein the antenna comprises a surface area greater than that of the electronic device.

Embodiment 87. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80-86, wherein the antenna extends over a larger surface area in the abrasive body compared to the electronic device.

Embodiment 88. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80-87, wherein the antenna is electrically coupled directly to the integrated circuit.

Embodiment 89. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 86 to 88, wherein the electronic device including the antenna is coupled to a non-abrasive portion of the abrasive article.

Embodiment 90. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80-89, wherein the antenna extends along a portion of a major surface, a peripheral surface, or both toward the material removal surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 91. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80 to 90, wherein the antenna is at least partially embedded or completely embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 92. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80-91, wherein the antenna extends in a radial direction, an axial direction, a circumferential direction of the polishing body, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 93. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80-92, wherein the antenna is arranged in a loop shape, a serpentine shape, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 94. The polishing article according to any one of Embodiments 80 to 93, wherein the electronic device is located in an inner circumferential region of the polishing body, the electronic device includes an integrated device, and the integrated device is located in the inner circumferential region. .

Embodiment 95. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 80 to 94, wherein the electronic device is located in a non-polishing part of the polishing body, and the antenna is located in a polishing part of the polishing body.

Embodiment 96. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 80 to 95, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a package including at least a portion of the electronic device, the antenna, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 97. The abrasive article of Embodiment 96, wherein the package comprises a protective layer.

Embodiment 98. The method of embodiment 97, wherein the protective layer comprises a material comprising polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or any combination thereof. Abrasive articles containing.

Embodiment 99. The abrasive article according to Embodiment 98 or 99, wherein the protective layer encapsulates the electronic device and the antenna.

Embodiment 100. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 80 to 99, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of antennas, and the plurality of antennas have different lengths compared to each other.

Embodiment 101. The method of embodiment 100, wherein the relative length difference between the plurality of antennas is at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 17%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least Abrasive articles that can be 50%.

Embodiment 102. According to embodiment 100 or 101, the relative length difference between the plurality of antennas is at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, at most 50%, at most 45%, at most 40%, at most 35%, Or abrasive article, which can be up to 30%.

Embodiment 103. The abrasive article of Embodiment 102, wherein the plurality of antennas extend different distances along the abrasive body toward the material removal surface.

Embodiment 104. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 100 to 103, wherein at least one of the antennas is located within an inner circumferential region of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 105. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 100-104, wherein at least one of the antennas extends from an inner circumferential region to an outer circumferential region.

Embodiment 106. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 100 to 105, wherein at least one of the antennas is located within an outer circumferential region of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 107. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 80 to 106, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of antennas, and at least one of the antennas comprises a trumpet-shaped body.

Embodiment 108. The abrasive article of Embodiment 107, wherein each of the plurality of antennas comprises a trumpet-shaped body.

Embodiment 109. The method of Embodiment 107 or 108, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas extends radially, axially, or a combination thereof from a central region of the polishing body toward a material removal surface, and the trumpet-shaped body The width of the abrasive article increases as the antenna extends from the central region of the polishing body to the material removal surface.

Embodiment 110. The method of any one of Embodiments 107 to 108, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas crosses at least a portion of the central region in a radial direction, an axial direction, or a combination thereof, and of the inner circumferential region of the polishing body. An abrasive article extending across at least a portion.

Embodiment 111. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 107 to 110, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas extends from the central region across the inner circumferential region to an outer region of the polishing body.

Embodiment 112. The abrasive article of Embodiment 111, wherein the at least one of the plurality of secondary antennas comprises an end aligned with the material removal surface.

Embodiment 113. The abrasive article of Embodiment 111 or 112, wherein each of the plurality of antennas extends across a portion of the inner circumferential area to an outer area of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 114. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 111 to 113, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas is exposed to at least a portion of the external environment.

Embodiment 115. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 111 to 114, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas is partially embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 116. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 111 to 115, wherein each of the antennas is partially embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 117. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 111 to 116, wherein at least one of the antennas comprises a portion protruding outward of a surface portion of an inner circumferential region of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 118. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 111-117, wherein at least one of the antennas extends along a portion of a major surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 119. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 111-118, wherein each of the antennas extends along a portion of a major surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 120. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 80 to 118, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of antennas, and at least one of the plurality of antennas includes a body including a curved portion.

Embodiment 121. The abrasive article of Embodiment 119 or 120, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas has a curved body, and at least a portion of the curved body extends in a circumferential direction of the polishing body.

Embodiment 122. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119 to 120, wherein at least one of the plurality of antennas has a length extending in a circumferential direction.

Embodiment 123. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 119 to 122, wherein each of the antennas has a length extending in the circumferential direction of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 124. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119-122, wherein at least one of the antennas extends radially, circumferentially, axially, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 125. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119 to 124, wherein the wear detection sensor may include first and second antennas extending in opposite directions from the same electronic device.

Embodiment 126. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119-125, wherein one or each of the antennas extend along a portion of the inner circumferential region, a portion of the outer circumferential region, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 127. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 119 to 126, wherein each of the antennas is located outside a central region of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 128. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 119 to 127, wherein at least one of the electronic elements is located outside the central region of the polishing body.

Embodiment 129. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 119 to 128, wherein each of the electronic elements is located outside a central region of the polishing body.

Embodiment 130. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119-129, wherein at least one of the antennas extends along a portion of a major surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 131. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119 to 130, wherein at least one of the antennas is attached to a major surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 132. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119 to 131, wherein each of the antennas extends along a portion of a major surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 133. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 119 to 132, wherein each of the antennas is attached to a major surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 134. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119 to 133, wherein at least one of the antennas is at least partially embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 135. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119-134, wherein each of the antennas is at least partially embedded in the abrasive body.

Embodiment 136. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119-135, wherein at least one of the antennas comprises a portion exposed to an external environment.

Embodiment 137. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119 to 136, wherein at least one of the antennas comprises a portion protruding out of the surface portion of the inner circumferential region.

Embodiment 138. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119 to 137, wherein each antenna comprises a portion protruding out of the surface portion of the inner circumferential region.

Embodiment 139. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 119-138, wherein the antennas have different lengths compared to each other.

Embodiment 140. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 58 to 60, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of electronic devices.

Embodiment 141. The method of embodiment 140, wherein the wear detection sensor includes at least 2 electronic devices, at least 3, at least 5, at least 6, or at least 8 electronic devices, each of the electronic devices being the An abrasive article extending along a portion of the abrasive body toward a material removal surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 142. The abrasive article of Embodiment 141, wherein at least one of the electronic devices extends in a radial direction, an axial direction of the polishing body, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 143. The abrasive article according to Embodiment 141 or 142, wherein at least one of the electronic devices is located in the inner circumferential region of the polishing body.

Embodiment 144. The abrasive article of Embodiment 143, wherein the electronic device includes an integrated circuit, and the integrated circuit is located in the inner circumferential region.

Embodiment 145. The abrasive article of any of embodiments 141 to 144, wherein at least one of the electronic devices has an end aligned with a material removal surface of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 146. The wear detection sensor of Embodiment 145, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a first electronic device and a second electronic device, and the first and second electronic devices are disposed to be spaced apart from each other and extend along a portion of the polishing body. Polishing supplies.

Embodiment 147. The abrasive article of Embodiment 146, wherein the first electronic device is positioned closer to the material removal surface than the second electronic device.

Embodiment 148. The abrasive article of Embodiment 146 or 147, wherein the second electronic device is located closer to an inner circumference of the polishing body than the first electronic device.

Embodiment 149. The first electronic device according to any one of embodiments 146 to 148, wherein the first electronic device includes a first length extending from a first end to a second end of the first body toward an outer periphery, and the second electronic device Includes a second length extending from a third end to a fourth end toward the outer circumference, the first end being closer to the inner periphery than the third end, and the second end is the second end compared to the fourth end Abrasive articles located far from the outer periphery.

Embodiment 150. The abrasive article of Embodiment 149, wherein the first length and the second length extend radially or axially of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 151. The abrasive article of Embodiment 149 or 150, wherein the first electronic device is parallel to the second electronic device.

Embodiment 152. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 149 to 151, wherein the first and second electronic devices have a step difference.

Embodiment 153. The method of any one of embodiments 149 to 152, wherein the distance (δd _I1 ) between the first end and the inner periphery is greater than _{the distance (δd I2} ) between the third end and the inner periphery _{, and δd I1} and The relative difference between δd _I2 is at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%.

Embodiment 154. For embodiment 153, _{the relative difference between δd I1} and δd _I2 is at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, at most 50%, at most 45%, at most 40%, at most 35%, or at most. 30% abrasive article.

Embodiment 155. The distance between the fourth end and the outer periphery (δd _O2 ) is greater than the distance from the second end to the outer periphery (δd _O1 ) according to any one of Embodiments 149 to 154, and δd _O1 and The relative difference between the δd _O2 is at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50%.

_{Embodiment 156. The relative difference between δd O1} and δd _O2 is at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, at most 50%, at most 45%, at most 40%, at most 35%, or at most embodiment 156. 30% abrasive article.

Embodiment 157. The wear detection sensor according to any one of embodiments 58 to 156, wherein the wear detection sensor includes an electronic device, and the device includes a chip, an integrated circuit, a data transponder, and a radio frequency (radio frequency) with or without a chip. ; RF) based tag or sensor, electronic tag, electronic memory, sensor, analog-to-digital converter, transmitter, receiver, transceiver, modulator circuit, multiplexer, antenna, near field communication device, power supply, display (e.g., LCD or OLED screen), Abrasive articles comprising optical elements (eg, LEDs), Global Positioning System (GPS) or devices, fixed or programmable logic, or any combination thereof.

Embodiment 158. The electronic device of any of embodiments 58 to 157, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag or sensor, a short-range wireless communication tag or sensor, or a combination thereof. Abrasive articles including equipment.

Embodiment 159. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 58 to 158, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of electronic devices, and at least one of the electronic devices is disposed in an inner circumferential region of the polishing body.

Embodiment 160. The abrasive article of Embodiment 159, wherein each of the electronic devices is disposed outside an outer circumferential region of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 161. The abrasive article of Embodiment 159 or 160, wherein each of the electronic devices is disposed outside a central area of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 162. The abrasive article of Embodiment 160 or 161, wherein at least one of the electronic devices is disposed in a central area of the abrasive body.

Embodiment 163. The abrasive article according to any one of Embodiments 58 to 162, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of electronic devices including a plurality of integrated circuits.

Embodiment 164. A system for detecting abrasion of an abrasive article,

The abrasive article according to any one of embodiments 58 to 163; And

A system comprising a data receiving unit configured to receive data generated by the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 165. The system of embodiment 164, wherein the data receiving unit is further configured to transmit data.

Embodiment 166. The system of Embodiment 164 or 165, wherein the data receiving unit is configured to provide energy to the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 167. The system of embodiment 166, wherein the wear detection sensor includes an antenna and an electronic device, and the antenna, the electronic device, or both are wirelessly powered by the data receiving unit.

Embodiment 168. The system of any of embodiments 164 to 167, wherein the data receiving unit is configured to transmit a signal to the wear detection sensor and to receive a response from the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 169. The system of any of embodiments 164 to 168, further comprising an antenna, wherein the antenna is not coupled to the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 170. The system of any of embodiments 164 to 169, wherein the antenna is configured to amplify a signal generated by the wear detection sensor, the data receiving unit, or both.

Embodiment 171. The system of any of embodiments 164 to 170, wherein the data receiving unit comprises a reader, a pager, a mobile phone, a computer, a database, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 172. The method of Embodiment 51, wherein removing at least a portion of the wear detection sensor comprises removing a portion of the antenna.

Embodiment 173. The method of embodiments 51 or 172, wherein generating the wear signal is based on a reduction in the surface area, length, or combination thereof of the antenna.

Embodiment 174. The method of any of embodiments 51 and 172 to 173, wherein generating a wear signal comprises: generating a first wear signal based on removing at least a first portion of the wear detection sensor, and And generating a second wear signal based on removing at least a second portion of the wear detection sensor.

Embodiment 175. The method of embodiment 174, further comprising comparing the first wear signal and the second wear signal to determine wear of the abrasive body.

Specific Example 176. In specific examples 174 or 175, the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of electronic devices, the first portion of the wear detection sensor includes a first portion of the first electronic device, and the wear detection The second portion of the sensor comprises a second portion of a second electronic device.

Embodiment 177. The method of Embodiment 51, wherein the portion of the wear detection sensor comprises a portion of an antenna.

Embodiment 178. The method of embodiment 177, wherein the wear signal comprises a decrease in energy reflected by the antenna, and the dimension of the abrasive body is a function of the decrease.

Embodiment 179. The method of embodiment 178, further comprising determining a first dimension of the polishing body based on a first wear signal, and determining a second dimension of the polishing body based on a second wear signal. Way.

Embodiment 180. The method of embodiment 179, further comprising comparing the first dimension with the second dimension and determining wear of the abrasive body.

Example

Example 1. Manufacture of an abrasive wheel for grinding railroad tracks including a wear detection sensor.

The abrasive body of the grinding wheel is formed and pressed. Before winding the outer fibers on the wheel, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a plurality of five leads are attached to the outer surface of the wheel by gluing so that the leads are axially (x) toward the outer grinding surface of the wheel. ). After the outer fiber is wound and the hub is applied to the wheel, a logic element in the form of a microcontroller is connected to the leads through electrical wiring and mounted to the inner diameter of the polishing body of the wheel. The logic device includes an RFID chip for wirelessly transmitting data related to a wear step of the polishing body to an external control device operated by an operator.

Example 2. Wheel operation when grinding rails.

A plurality of abrasive wheels manufactured as described in Example 1 are mounted on a track grinder. During the grinding operation, the lead of the wear detection sensor of each wheel is cut according to the wear of the polishing body. The exact wear of each wheel is measured by the amount of leads cut, which corresponds to the amount of leads that change from the active phase to the inactive phase (closed circuit to open circuit), and is registered by the logic element. Based on the amount of lead cut, the logic element of each wheel calculates the remaining life of the polishing wheel as a single number in% and transmits this number to the control unit using an RFID chip. The control device collects data of each wheel attached to the rail grinder, and when a specific wheel needs to be replaced, it is indicated by blinking a red light bulb during the grinding operation.

The above-described embodiments relate to a combined abrasive product, in particular a grinding wheel that exceeds the state of the art.

Above, the benefits, other advantages, and solutions to the problem have been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, a benefit, advantage, solution to a problem, and any feature(s) that may result in or make any benefit, advantage, or solution more pronounced, is an important, necessary, or essential feature of any or all claims. It should not be interpreted. Reference herein to a material comprising one or more components may be construed as including at least one embodiment in which the material consists essentially of the one or more components identified. The term "consisting essentially" is construed to include compositions that include the identified material and exclude all other materials except minority content (eg, impurity content) that does not significantly alter the properties of the material. Additionally or alternatively, in certain non-limiting embodiments, any of the compositions identified herein may be essentially free of materials not explicitly disclosed. It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention encompass a range of the content of a particular component in a material, and that the content of the component in a given material sums up to 100%. The detailed description and examples of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The above detailed description and examples are not intended to provide an exhaustive description of all elements and features of an apparatus and system employing the structure or method described herein. Separate embodiments may be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, for brevity, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may be provided separately or in any subcombination. Also, reference to values specified in ranges includes each and every value falling within that range. Many other embodiments may become apparent to a skilled person only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used and derived from this disclosure so that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

Claims (15)

As an abrasive article, the abrasive article:
A polishing body including abrasive particles contained in the binder; And
And a wear detection sensor configured to detect a dimensional change of the polishing body, wherein at least a portion of the wear detection sensor is coupled to at least a portion of the polishing body and extends along at least a portion of the polishing body. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises at least one electronic device including at least one antenna. 3. The abrasive article of claim 2, wherein the antenna extends over a larger surface area of the abrasive body compared to an electronic device coupled to the antenna. The abrasive article of claim 2, wherein the antenna is arranged in a loop shape, a serpentine shape, or a combination thereof. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the electronic device includes an electronic device, and the electronic device is located in a non-polishing part of the polishing body, and at least a part of the at least one antenna is located in a polishing part of the polishing body, and the electronic device The device is an abrasive article including a chip, integrated circuit, logic, microcontroller, transponder, transceiver, passive device, resistor, capacitor, memory, or any combination thereof. 3. The abrasive article of claim 2, wherein the antenna is at least partially embedded in the abrasive body. A system for detecting wear of an abrasive article, the system comprising:
The abrasive article according to claim 1; And
A system comprising a data receiving unit configured to receive data generated by the wear detection sensor. The method of claim 1, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a plurality of antennas:
The plurality of antennas extend in different lengths toward the material removal surface of the polishing body;
At least one of the plurality of antennas is located in an outer circumferential area of the polishing body;
At least one of the plurality of antennas includes a trumpet-shaped body, and a width of the trumpet-shaped body increases as the length of the antenna increases;
At least one of the plurality of antennas extends radially, axially, or a combination thereof from a central region of the polishing body toward a material removal surface;
At least one of the plurality of antennas includes an end aligned with the material removal surface; or
Abrasive articles made of any combination of these. The method of claim 1, wherein the wear detection sensor includes at least one electronic device coupled to an electrical component, and the electrical component includes a lead, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a loop circuit, or a combination thereof, The capacitor is an abrasive article comprising a first capacitance plate positioned in an inner circumferential region of the polishing body and a second capacitance plate positioned in an outer circumferential region of the polishing body. The method of claim 1, wherein the wear detection sensor comprises a first electronic device and a second electronic device extending in parallel along a part of the polishing body, and the first and second electronic devices are spaced apart from each other and the first The first end of the electronic device is arranged with a step closer to the material removal surface than the second end of the second electronic device, and the first end is the polishing body compared to the third end of the first electronic device. And the second end is located farther from the central region of the polishing body compared to the fourth end of the second electronic device. The method of claim 1, wherein the wear detection sensor includes a plurality of components coupled to each other, and the plurality of components includes a sensing circuit, a microcontroller, a transceiver, an antenna, or any combination thereof, and the detection The circuitry comprises a magnetometer such as a three-axis magnetometer, a temperature and/or humidity sensor, a three-axis accelerometer, a capacitive input interface, or any combination thereof. As an abrasive article, the abrasive article:
A polishing body including abrasive particles contained in the binder;
A wear detection sensor including at least one conductive lead in contact with the polishing body; And
An abrasive article comprising at least one logic element in communication with the at least one conductive lead. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one logic element is coupled to a hub, the hub is coupled to the polishing body, and the wear sensor comprises a protective layer overlapping the at least one logical element, and the protective layer An abrasive article comprising a material comprising silver polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or any combination thereof. 13. The abrasive article of claim 12, wherein the wear sensor comprises a heat resistant coating overlying at least a portion of the at least one lead. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the wear sensor comprises a communication device for wireless communication with an external controller.

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