JP2021521080A - 整形外科用人工関節で利用されるセラミック−ポリエチレンまたはセラミック−セラミック関節接合カップルの摩耗性能の改善方法 - Google Patents
整形外科用人工関節で利用されるセラミック−ポリエチレンまたはセラミック−セラミック関節接合カップルの摩耗性能の改善方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年4月10日に出願された米国仮出願第62/655,457号に対する優先権を主張し、その内容は、参照により本明細書に完全に組み込まれる。
本開示の態様は、改善された摩耗性能または特性を有するオキシ窒化ケイ素材料を包含する。一般に、オキシ窒化ケイ素材料は、窒化ケイ素材料の表面を酸化させることによって形成され得る。
本開示の別の態様は、窒化ケイ素材料ブロックを形成することと、窒化ケイ素材料ブロックを酸化させること、とを含む、オキシ窒化ケイ素材料を調製するためのプロセスを包含する。この方法は、摩耗性能が改善されたオキシ窒化ケイ素インプラントを生成し得る。
一般に、窒化ケイ素は、窒化ケイ素セラミックまたはドープ窒化ケイ素セラミック基材から作製され得る。あるいは、このような実施形態は、異なる材料の基材上に窒化ケイ素またはドープ窒化ケイ素コーティングを含んでもよい。他の実施形態では、インプラントおよびコーティングは、窒化ケイ素材料から構成されてもよい。さらに他の実施形態では、インプラントの1つ以上の部分または領域は、窒化ケイ素材料および/または窒化ケイ素コーティングを含んでよく、他の部分または領域は、他の生体医学材料を含んでよい。
一実施形態では、窒化ケイ素材料ブロックを調製することは、スラリーを調製することを含むことができ、スラリーは、ケイ素、酸素、および窒素を含むことができ、さらに、酸化イットリウムおよび酸化アルミニウムのうちの少なくとも1つを含むことができる。
窒化ケイ素材料の表面は、熱、水熱、または化学的酸化によって酸化され得る。一般に、本明細書に記載される酸化方法は、材料表面上のSi3N4のいくつかをSiO2に変換する。
一般に、窒化ケイ素材料の表面は、熱酸化を使用して酸化され得る。熱酸化プロセスは、当業者に既知の手段を使用して行われ得る。
一般に、窒化ケイ素材料の表面は、水熱酸化を使用して酸化され得る。水熱酸化プロセスは、当業者に既知の手段を使用して行われ得る。例示的な実施形態では、水熱酸化は、蒸気オートクレーブ内で実行され得る。Si3N4セラミックスの表面化学に対する水熱酸化プロセスの影響は、図1A(水熱酸化前)および図1B(水熱酸化後)に例示される。
一般に、窒化ケイ素材料の表面は、化学酸化を使用して酸化され得る。化学酸化プロセスは、当業者に既知の手段を使用して行われ得る。
α−Si3N4(90重量%)、酸化イットリウム(Y2O3、6重量%)、および酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3、4重量%)の原料粉末を水中で混合し、粉砕し、噴霧乾燥させた。次いで、噴霧乾燥粉末を、単軸または静水圧圧縮装置(最大310MPa)を使用して圧密化させ、適切な形状、すなわち、大腿骨頭および機械的試験バーを形成した。その後、これらの構成要素は、従来のコンピュータ数値制御(CNC)回転または粉砕機を使用して、焼成前の寸法に機械加工された。次いで、1700℃までの温度でビスク焼成、焼結、および熱間静水圧プレスを含む一連の熱処理操作を受けた。焼成工程により、炭素質化合物および水を排除し、構成原料を反応させ、セラミックをほぼ最終サイズに高密度化した。その後、ダイヤモンド研削および研磨を行い、構成要素の最終サイズおよび表面仕上げを実現した。
実施例1からの最終構成要素を、蒸気オートクレーブを使用して、2atmの気圧および121℃の温度で24時間、48時間、または72時間、水熱酸化を受けさせた。
実施例1および2に記載されるように調製された大腿骨頭およびBIOLOXデルタ(ジルコニア強化アルミナ)で調製された大腿骨頭を、股関節シミュレータを使用して摩耗試験に供した。具体的には、寛骨臼カップを121℃で72時間、水熱酸化処理した。簡単に説明すると、寛骨臼カップを重み付けし、ウシ血清を含む浴に予浸して、(ISO14242/2で推奨されるように)定常レベルの液体吸着を達成した。50時間浸漬した後、全ての寛骨臼カップを洗浄し、再重み付けした。この手順を、24時間にわたる寛骨臼カップの増分変化が以前の累積質量変化の10%未満であるまで繰り返した(ISO14242−2の一部として)。
実施例1および2に記載されるように調製された大腿骨頭ならびにBIOLOXデルタを、実施例3と同様の様式で股関節シミュレータを使用して摩耗試験に供した。しかしながら、大腿骨頭をE1(ビタミンE注入ポリエチレン)に対して関節接合させた。
実施例1で調製した窒化ケイ素セラミックのブロックを研磨し、次いで酸性ゲルに埋め込んだ。高空間分解能で固体表面の局所pH値を測定およびマッピングできるpH顕微鏡(SCHEM−110;Horiba,Kyoto,Japan)。pHマッピング実験を実行する際に、Si3N4試料を、人工唾液、KCl、および寒天からなる酸性ゲルに完全に埋め込んだ。pH撮像センサーは、総感知面積2.5×2.5cm2の平坦な半導体プレートからなった。センサーの最高空間分解能およびpH感度は、それぞれ100μmおよび0.1pHであった。顕微鏡には、電解質内の陽子を検出することができる光アドレス型電位差測定センサーが搭載されていた。センサーの背面から電解質と背面との間に印加されたバイアス電圧で光線を向けた。センサーの背面からの変調照明によって誘導されたAC光電流の特性が、センサー表面の陽子量に依存するため、電流の局所値を測定することにより、pH値を高精度に決定した。次いで、検出された電流信号をカラースケールに変換し、各画素は画像解析ソフトウェア(Image Pro Plus,Media Cybernetics,MD,USA)を使用してpH画像と相関する。これにより、埋め込まれたSi3N4試料の周りに視覚的pHマップを生成した。試験片を埋め込んだ後、最長で45分間の様々な時間間隔でpHマップを得た。
2つの種類の酸化物大腿骨頭(Al2O3、BIOLOX(登録商標)フォルテならびにジルコニア強化アルミナ、ZTA、BIOLOX(登録商標)デルタ、CeramTec,GmbH,Plochingen,Germany)および1つの種類の非酸化物大腿骨頭(MC2(登録商標)Si3N4、Amedica Corporation,Salt Lake City,UT,USA)を、連続して照射され、アニールされた材料(X3、Stryker Orthopedics、Inc.,Mahwah,New Jersey,USA)およびビタミンE注入材料(E1(登録商標),Zimmer Biomet,Warsaw,Indiana,USA)を含む2つの最先端の高度に架橋された超高分子ポリエチレンライナー(UHMWPE)に対比して試験した。
実施例6に記載のセラミック大腿骨頭およびUHMWPE試料の両方の表面上で、水熱エージング、セラミック/UHMWPEカップルの静的水熱試験、および摩擦スイング試験の前後にXPS分析を実行した。これらの分析には、単色MgKα(出力10kV、10mA)のX線源を有する光電子分光計(JPS−9010MC;JEOL Ltd.,Tokyo,Japan)を採用した。試料の表面をプレチャンバ内のAr+スパッタリングによって洗浄したが、実際の測定は、10eVの分析器パスエネルギーおよび0.1eVの電圧ステップサイズで約2×10−7Paで真空チャンバ内で行った。X線入射角および取出角をそれぞれ34°および90°に設定した。元素酸素の画分を、選択された場所(例えば、摩耗ゾーンおよび非摩耗ゾーン)で試験されたUHMWPEライナーの各々上で3つの別個の測定値を平均することによって決定した。セラミック試料とUHMWPE試料とのXPS出力間の比較は、股関節カウンターパーツ間の酸素の流れを評価する役割を果たした。C、O、Si、およびNの計算に使用される感度係数(a%)は、それぞれ4.079、10.958、2.387、および7.039であった。
予備手順を、水熱曝露による酸化物および非酸化物バイオセラミックスにおいて生じる化学変化を定量的に評価するように設計した。この手順は、XPSおよびCL分光法によって取得したスペクトルデータの組み合わせを利用した。
様々なセラミック大腿骨頭と連結された場合のポリエチレンライナーの結晶化度および酸化に対する酸素運動の影響を、最初にゼロに近い荷重の下で静的水熱活性化試験を用いて調査した。本実施例におけるデータは、X3高架橋ポリエチレンライナーの結晶化度および酸化の予備的なラマン/FT−IR特性評価を検証する。具体的には、本実施例の目的は、ポリエチレン表面のXPS分析を以前のラマンおよびFTIR特性評価に付加することによって、同じブランドの高度ポリエチレンに対する新しい実験を使用して、以前のデータを確認することであった。セラミック表面のXPS分析も実行したが、それらは実施例8に記載されている水熱試験と明白に異なることはなかった。したがって、図10A〜10Dは、UHMWPEライナーに連結されるときのこれらのセラミックスの静的水熱試験の結果を表す。
スイング動態下であるが、水熱活性化はそのままにして、カップルの2つの潤滑構成要素間の摩擦相互作用に基づいて、追加の実験セットを考案した。これらの試験の目的は、適度な荷重下で摩擦摺動を使用して、異なる大腿骨頭材料がUHMWPE(すなわち、X3(商標))の酸化に及ぼす影響を決定することであった。図13Aおよび図13Bは、この摩擦スイング試験の前後のZTA大腿骨頭からの典型的なAl2pのXPSスペクトルを、潤滑条件下で1700Nの荷重でそれぞれ1Hzで5×105サイクル示す。この摩擦試験は、酸化物複合材料の表面におけるXPSスペクトルの有意な変化を誘導し、酸素空孔が豊富な環境に向けた非化学量組成におけるドリフトを示した。Al2pスペクトルで観察された変動の定量的プロットを図13Cに示す。このプロットは、O−Al−O結合集団の約28%の減少が、ほぼ同等のO−Al−VO結合の増加に有利であることを明らかにしている。O1s縁部は、一貫して、Al−O−Al−VOに有利なAl−O−Al−O集団の減少を示したが、Al−O−H結合の集団における有意な減少を伴う表面脱ヒドロキシル化を確認した(図13D)。一方、ZTA表面のZr3d縁部(図13Dにも示す)は、Zr−O−Hの不変画分およびZr−O−Zr結合の増加を明らかにした。この観察は、Al2O3の表面におけるO−H結合と比較してはるかに強いO−H結合のため、ZrO2セラミックスにおいて脱ヒドロキシル化がほとんど起こらないという事実と一致していた。一方、その発生は、準安定正方晶(Yドープ)ジルコニア格子内の既存の空孔を埋めるトライボ層からの遊離酸素の結果であり、これは、反対にモノクリニック多形体への自発的相変化を誘導する。
ZTAまたはSi3N4ヘッドのいずれかと連結されたビタミンEドープ型UHMWPEライナーの結晶化度および酸化を、標準股関節シミュレータ試験で500万サイクル後に評価した。これは、代替のセラミックベアリング材料としてのSi3N4の適合性を評価することを目的とした継続的な1,200万サイクル研究の一部である。抗酸化物質のビタミンEは、インビトロ実験中にライナー酸化を遅らせる能力を実証しているが、これらの分光試験の目的は、ビタミンEドープされたUHMWPEライナーを非酸化物セラミックヘッドに連結させることが、ライナー酸化のさらなる遅延に関しても明白な利点をもたらす可能性があるかを判断することであった。
この実施例は、ヒト患者から回収された酸化物セラミック大腿骨頭における酸素の枯渇に起因する表面非化学量論組成の評価を提供する。これらのインビボ結果は、先の実施例で論じられたインビトロ実験とは対照的である。モノリシックAl2O3およびZTAヘッドの両方の典型的な例として、2つの回収事例が提示される。逆に、Si3N4は新しい材料であり、全股関節形成術で使用するためにクリアされていないため、回収部はまだ利用可能ではない。
Claims (18)
- オキシ窒化ケイ素材料であって、前記オキシ窒化ケイ素材料が、改善された摩耗性能を有し、前記オキシ窒化ケイ素材料が、
窒化ケイ素材料ブロックを形成することと、
前記窒化ケイ素材料ブロックを酸化させることと、を含む、プロセスによって調製される、オキシ窒化ケイ素材料。 - 前記窒化ケイ素材料ブロックを形成することが、
ケイ素、酸素、および窒素を含み、酸化イットリウムおよび酸化アルミニウムのうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含むスラリーを調製することと、
前記スラリーを粉砕することと、
前記スラリーを乾燥させて、乾燥したスラリーを得ることと、を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセスの生成物。 - 前記オキシ窒化ケイ素材料が、第1の結晶相と、第1の非晶相と、を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記窒化ケイ素材料ブロックを酸化させることが、水熱酸化を使用して実行される、請求項1に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、蒸気オートクレーブ内で実行される、請求項4に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約1気圧〜約250気圧の範囲の圧力で行われる、請求項4または5に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約2気圧の圧力で行われる、請求項4〜6のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約100℃〜約150℃の範囲の温度で行われる、請求項4〜7のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約120℃〜約135℃の範囲の温度で行われる、請求項4〜8のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約132℃の温度で行われる、請求項4〜9のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約50〜約200時間の範囲の持続時間で行われる、請求項4〜10のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約70〜約150時間の範囲の持続時間で行われる、請求項4〜11のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記水熱酸化が、約72時間の持続時間で行われる、請求項4〜12のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記窒化ケイ素材料ブロックが、人工関節の関節接合構成要素である、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記関節接合構成要素が、大腿骨頭である、請求項14に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記改善された摩耗性能が、前記人工関節の寿命を、15年超増大させる、請求項14または15に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記窒化ケイ素材料が、前記関節接合構成要素の対向面を酸化から保護する表面化学を有する、請求項14〜16のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスの生成物。
- 前記対向面が、寛骨臼ポリエチレンカップである、請求項17に記載のプロセスの生成物。
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JP2007039306A (ja) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-02-15 | Kyocera Corp | 窒化珪素質焼結体とその製造方法、これを用いた半導体製造装置用部材および液晶製造装置用部材 |
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US20220304811A1 (en) | 2022-09-29 |
EP3774689A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
JP7452928B2 (ja) | 2024-03-19 |
CA3094146A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
BR112020019575A2 (pt) | 2021-01-05 |
AU2019252130A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
MX2020010398A (es) | 2021-01-15 |
KR20200143370A (ko) | 2020-12-23 |
US12070391B2 (en) | 2024-08-27 |
US20190307569A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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