JP2021519087A - エフェクターt細胞をリプログラムするためのヒストン修飾因子の使用 - Google Patents
エフェクターt細胞をリプログラムするためのヒストン修飾因子の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
「UTFC.P1311WO_ST25.txt」という名称のファイルに含まれる、3.81KB(Microsoft Windowsで測定)である、2019年3月28日に作成された配列表は、電子提出によって本明細書と共に出願され、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書及び添付の特許請求の範囲で使用される「1つの(a)」、「1つの(an)」、及び「その(the)」という単数形の用語は、文脈が明らかにそうではないことを示さない限り、複数の指示対象を含む。従って、例えば、「細胞」への言及は、複数のそのような細胞を含み、「ペプチド」への言及は、当業者に公知である1つ又は複数のペプチド及びその同等物(例えば、ポリペプチド)への言及を含む。
一態様では、本開示は、抗原特異的エフェクターT細胞(TEFF細胞)を、例えば、セントラルメモリーT細胞(TCM細胞)などの別の所望のタイプのT細胞にリプログラミングするための方法を提供する。従って、本明細書では、抗原特異的エフェクターT細胞(TEFF細胞)をセントラルメモリーT細胞(TCM細胞)にリプログラミングするための方法が提供される。
別の態様では、本明細書で提供される、抗原特異的TEFF細胞をTCM細胞にリプログラミングするための方法で使用するためのTEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団はエンジニアリングされたT細胞を含む。ある実施形態では、エンジニアリングされたT細胞は、キメラ抗原受容体を発現するT細胞(CAR T細胞)を含む。ある実施形態では、エンジニアリングされたT細胞は、腫瘍特異的エピトープ又はネオエピトープに結合することができる組換えT細胞受容体を発現するT細胞を含む。
ある実施形態では、T細胞は、腫瘍特異的エピトープ又はネオエピトープに結合することができる組換えT細胞受容体を含む。ある実施形態では、組換えT細胞受容体は、対象から単離されたT細胞からクローニングされた天然に存在するTCRを含む。ある実施形態では、組換えTCRは、TCRアルファ(TCRα)ポリペプチド及びTCRベータ(TCRβ)ポリペプチドを含むヘテロ二量体(即ち、TCRαβ)を含む。ある実施形態では、組換えTCRは、TCRガンマ(TCRγ)ポリペプチド及びTCRデルタ(TCRδ)ポリペプチドを含むヘテロ二量体(即ち、TCRγδ)を含む。
本明細書では、抗原特異的エフェクターT細胞(TEFF細胞)をセントラルメモリーT細胞(TCM細胞)にリプログラミングするための方法が提供され、この方法は、それぞれTEFF細胞をTCM細胞にリプログラムするのに十分な量のヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤(HDACi)及びインターロイキン−21(IL−21)の存在下で、TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団又はTEFF細胞に富む試料を培養するステップを含み、このリプログラミングにより、対象から得られたTEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団におけるTCM細胞の数と比較してTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が生成される。IL−21とHDACiの併用処置は、エフェクターT細胞からセントラルメモリー表現型を誘導して、IL−2及びIL−15への応答を増強する相加効果よりも優れている。
ヒトインターロイキン21(IL−21)は、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞及びウイルス感染又は癌性細胞を破壊することができる細胞傷害性T細胞を含む免疫系の細胞に対して強力な調節効果を有するIL−21遺伝子によってコードされるサイトカインタンパク質である。162個のアミノ酸のヒトIL−21タンパク質(GenBankアクセッション番号BBA22643;配列番号1)は、共にあらゆる目的のために参照により本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第6,307,024号明細書及び同第6,686,178号明細書に記載されている。本方法は、セントラルメモリーT細胞の生成のためのHDACiと組み合わせたIL−21によるエフェクターT細胞の処理に関する。いくつかの態様では、IL−21は、10ng/mL〜50ng/mL、例えば15ng/mL〜60mg/mL、例えば20ng/mL〜40ng/mL、特に約25ng/mL、30ng/mL、又は35ng/mLの濃度で培地中に存在する。
別の態様では、対象における癌又は感染症を処置するための方法が本明細書で提供され、この方法は、本明細書で提供されるいずれかの方法によって生成された、治療有効量のTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団を対象に投与することを含む。この細胞を、TILを培養することができる癌を有する対象に養子移入してもよいし、又は腫瘍抗原特異的CTLをインビトロで生成してもよい。
ある実施形態では、本明細書で提供される方法は、少なくとも1つの追加の治療薬を対象に投与するステップをさらに含む。本明細書に開示されるすべての追加の治療薬は、あらゆる潜在的な毒性、起こり得る副作用、及びその他の関連する要因を考慮に入れた、特定の組成物又は療法ごとの良好な臨床診療に従って対象に投与される。
別の態様では、本明細書では、TCM細胞及び薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物及び製剤が提供される。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を実証するために含められる。以下の実施例に開示される技術は、本発明の実施において十分に機能するように本発明者によって発見された技術を表し、従って、その実施のための好ましいモードを構成すると見なすことができることを当業者は理解されよう。しかしながら、当業者は、本開示に照らして、開示される特定の実施形態において多くの変更を行うことができ、それでもなお本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなく同様又は類似の結果が得られることを理解されたい。
高いCD28発現と一致して、ナイーブCD8+ T細胞は、エフェクターメモリーCD8+ T細胞と比較して、プロモーター上及びCD28の転写開始部位の近くで劇的に増加したアセチル化ヒストンH3(AcH3)レベルを示した(図1A)。これらの結果は、CD8+ T細胞の分化がヒストンのアセチル化の減少を伴い、ヒストンの脱アセチル化を阻害するとCD8+ T細胞の分化が逆転し得ることを示唆した。図1Bは、1uM以上のSAHAがエフェクターCD8+ T細胞におけるAcH3レベルを増大させたことを示し、図1Cは、IL−21がエフェクターCD8+ T細胞におけるSTAT3リン酸化を誘導したことを示している。
腫瘍抗原特異的CTL株又は腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)の増殖:CTL株又はTILを、抗CD3及び照射された同種異系PBMC又はリンパ芽球様細胞株(LCL)(CTL株の場合)を急速な増殖のためのフィーダー細胞として使用して増殖させた。TILは、患者の黒色腫腫瘍から培養した。培養物には、50U/ml(CTL株の場合)又は6000U/ml(TILの場合)のIL−2を3日ごとにフィードした。IL−21(30ng/ml)又はHDACiパノビノスタット(3nM)(対照として)又はIL−21とHDACiの組み合わせを、0日目、4日目、及び7日目にフィードした。14日後、細胞をさらなる分析に使用した。SAHAを用いた試験(図2)では、SAHAは1〜5μMで使用した。
IL−21は、活性化ヒトナイーブCD8+ T細胞におけるCD28発現をアップレギュレートする:CD28は、ナイーブT細胞活性化及びメモリーT細胞機能のための極めて重要な共刺激分子である。インビトロでの腫瘍抗原特異的CTLの生成に対する様々なγCサイトカインの影響を比較した以前の試験で、IL−21が、養子移入後に持続性の向上及び患者の臨床反応の改善を示すCD28hi CTLを濃縮する独自の能力を有することが分かった。IL−21誘導CD28発現の分子メカニズムを調べるために、T細胞(MART1、M27)特異的CTLによって認識される黒色腫抗原を、前述のようにIL−21の非存在下又は存在下で生成した(Li et al.,2005)。IL−21で生成されたM27特異的CTLは、IL−21の非存在下で生成された細胞よりも有意に高いCD28発現を示した(図9A及び図9B)。試験結果をさらに裏付けるために、健康なドナーからの選別精製されたナイーブヒトCD8+ T細胞(CD45RA+CCR7+)を、IL−21の非存在下又は存在下で抗CD3/CD28ビーズで活性化し、表面CD28発現をフローサイトメトリーによって検出した。抗原特異的CTL(図9A及び図9B)と一致して、CD28の表面レベルの発現は、ポリクローナル活性化IL−21処理ヒトナイーブCD8+ T細胞において有意に増加した(図9C及び図9D)。増強されたCD28タンパク質発現と一致して、大幅に増加したCD28 mRNAレベルが、IL−21の存在下で生成されたM27特異的CTL(図9E)及びIL−21処理抗CD3/CD28活性化ヒトナイーブCD8+ T細胞(図9F)で一貫して検出された。これらの結果を総合すると、IL−21は、CD28 mRNA発現をアップレギュレートして、CD28の表面レベルの発現を増加させることを示した。
腫瘍抗原特異的CTL株又は腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)の増殖:CTL株又はTILを、抗CD3及び照射された同種異系PBMC又はリンパ芽球様細胞株(LCL)(CTL株の場合)を急速な増殖のためのフィーダー細胞として使用して増殖させた。TILは、患者の黒色腫腫瘍から培養した。培養物には、50U/ml(CTL株の場合)又は6000U/ml(TILの場合)のIL−2を3日ごとにフィードした。IL−21(30ng/ml)又はHDACiパノビノスタット(3nM)(対照として)又はIL−21とHDACiの組み合わせを、0日目、4日目、及び7日目にフィードした。14日後、細胞をさらなる分析に使用した。SAHAを用いた試験では、SAHAは1〜5μMで使用した。
参考文献
以下の参考文献は、これらが本明細書に記載されたものを補足する例示的な手順又は他の詳細を提供する範囲で、参照により本明細書に具体的に組み込まれる。
Klebanoff et al.,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.102(27):9571−6,2005.
Li et al.,J.Immunol.175,2261−2269,2005.
Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,22nd Edition,Pharmaceutical Press.2013.
Seto and Yoshida,Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol.6(4):a018713,2014.
米国特許第6,307,024号明細書
米国特許第6,686,178号明細書
Yee,Immunol.Rev.257,250−263,2014.
Claims (62)
- 抗原特異的エフェクターT細胞(TEFF細胞)をセントラルメモリーT細胞(TCM細胞)にリプログラミングするための方法であって:
(a)対象からTEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団を得ること;
(b)所望により、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からTEFF細胞に富む試料を調製すること;並びに
(c)それぞれTEFF細胞をTCM細胞にリプログラムするのに十分な量のヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤(HDACi)及びインターロイキン−21(IL−21)の存在下で、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団又は前記TEFF細胞に富む試料を培養すること、を含み、
前記リプログラミングにより、前記対象から得たTEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団におけるTCM細胞の数と比較して、TCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が生成される、方法。 - TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団を得ることが、対象から腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)の試料又は末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を含む試料を採取することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からTEFF細胞に富む試料を調製するステップをさらに含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からTEFF細胞に富む試料を調製する前記ステップが、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からCD8+ TEFF細胞を単離することを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からTEFF細胞に富む試料を調製する前記ステップが、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団から骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞(MDSC)、TREGs、NK細胞、及びマクロファージを枯渇させることをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からTEFF細胞に富む試料を調製する前記ステップが、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団から骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞(MDSC)、TREGs、NK細胞、及びマクロファージを枯渇させることを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からTEFF細胞に富む試料を調製する前記ステップが、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団からCD8+ TEFF細胞を単離することをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞がCD45ROを発現する、請求項5又は7に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞が、IL−21を添加する前にHDACiの存在下で培養される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞が、IL−21を添加する前にHDACiの存在下で12〜48時間培養される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞が、IL−21を添加する前にHDACiの存在下で1〜3日間培養される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞が、HDACiを添加する前にIL−21の存在下で培養される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞が、HDACiを添加する前にIL−21の存在下で12〜48時間培養される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞が、HDACiを添加する前にIL−21の存在下で1〜3日間培養される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8+ TEFF細胞が、HDACi及びIL−21の存在下で同時に培養される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記培養が7〜20日間である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記培養が12〜16日間である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−21が10ng/mL〜50ng/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項12、13、又は14に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−21が20ng/mL〜40ng/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記HDACiが1nM〜5nMの濃度で存在する、請求項9、10、又は11に記載の方法。
- 前記HDACiが2nM〜4nMの濃度で存在する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−21が10ng/mL〜50ng/mLの濃度で存在し、前記HDACiが1nM〜5nMの濃度で存在する、請求項15、16、又は17に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−21が20ng/mL〜40ng/mLの濃度で存在し、前記HDACiが2nM〜4nMの濃度で存在する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記HDACiが古典的なHDACiである、請求項9、10、11、15、16、17、20、21、22、及び23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記古典的なHDACiが、トリコスタチンA、トラポキシンB、フェニルブチレート、バルプロ酸、ボリノスタット(スベラニロヒドロキサム酸又はSAHA、Zolinza(登録商標)として販売されている)、ベリノスタット(PXD101、Beleodaq(登録商標)として販売されている)、パノビノスタット(Farydaq(登録商標)として販売されている)、ダシノスタット(LAQ824)、エンチノスタット(SNDX−275又はMS−275)、タセジナリン(CI994)、及びモセチノスタット(MGCD0103)からなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記HDACiがSAHAである、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記HDACがパノビノスタットである、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 得られるTCM細胞がCD8+であり、また、CD45RO、CD28、CD62L、及びCCR7のうちの少なくとも2つを発現する、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記得られるTCM細胞がCD8+であり、また、CD45RO、CD28、CD62L、及びCCR7のうちの少なくとも3つを発現する、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記得られるTCM細胞がCD8+であり、また、CD45RO、CD28、CD62L、及びCCR7を発現する(即ち、CD8+/CD45RO+/CD28+/CD62L+/CCR7+である)、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記得られるTCM細胞がまた、増加したレベルのグランザイムB及びパーフォリン1を発現する、請求項28、29、又は30に記載の方法。
- 前記TCM細胞を増殖させるステップをさらに含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記増殖させるステップが、前記TCM細胞を抗CD3、抗CD28、及び抗CD137/4−1BBのうちの少なくとも1つで処理することを含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記増殖させるステップが、前記TCM細胞を抗CD3及び抗CD28で処理することを含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記増殖させるステップが、前記TCM細胞を抗CD3、抗CD28、及び抗CD137/4−1BBで処理することを含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- それぞれTEFF細胞をTCM細胞にリプログラムするのに十分な量のHDACi及びIL−21の存在下で、TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団又はTEFF細胞に富む試料を培養するステップの前に、又はそれと同時に、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団又は前記TEFF細胞に富む試料をIL−2と接触させるステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団よりも少なくとも5倍多いTCM細胞を含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記TCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団よりも少なくとも10倍多いTCM細胞を含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記TCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団よりも少なくとも30倍多いTCM細胞を含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記TCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が、IL−2及び/又はIL−15での処理に応答したTEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団と比較して、IL−2及び/又はIL−15での処理に応答した高い増殖を示す、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って生成されたTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団を含む医薬組成物。
- 癌の処置において使用するための請求項41に記載の医薬組成物。
- 癌の処置のための、請求項1〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って生成された、治療有効量のTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団の使用。
- 対象における癌の処置のための、請求項1〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって生成された治療有効量のTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団を含む組成物。
- 対象の癌を処置する方法であって、請求項1〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって生成された、治療有効量のTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団又は請求項41に記載の医薬組成物を前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記治療有効量のTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団を投与する前に、前記対象に対してリンパ球枯渇を行うステップをさらに含む、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記治療有効量のTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が、抗腫瘍活性を有する自己腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)の試料に由来する、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 前記TCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団が、前記対象に静脈内投与、腹腔内投与、又は腫瘍内投与される、請求項45、46、又は47に記載の方法。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの追加の治療薬を前記対象に投与するステップをさらに含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの追加の治療薬が、化学療法、放射線療法、及び免疫療法からなる群から選択される、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの追加の治療薬が免疫療法である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫療法が免疫チェックポイント阻害剤である、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が、CTLA−4、PD−1、PD−L1、PD−L2、LAG−3、BTLA、B7H3、B7H4、TIM3、KIR、又はアデノシンA2a受容体(A2aR)からなる群から選択される免疫チェックポイントタンパク質又はそのリガンドを阻害する、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤がPD−1を阻害する、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤がCTLA−4を阻害する、請求項54に記載の方法。
- TEFF細胞からTCM細胞を生成するための方法であって:
(a)対象からTEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団を得ること;
(b)2nM〜4nMの濃度のHDACiと20ng/mL〜40ng/mLの濃度のIL−21を、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団に同時に添加すること;並びに
(c)前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団を12〜16日間培養し、それにより、前記TEFF細胞をリプログラミングして、前記TEFF細胞を含むリンパ球の開始集団におけるTCM細胞の数と比較してTCM細胞に富むリンパ球の集団を生成することを含む、方法。 - T細胞の少なくとも20%がCD28+CD62L+CD127-CCR7-T細胞である、ヒトセントラルメモリー様CD8+ T細胞の集団を含む組成物。
- 前記T細胞の少なくとも50%がCD28+CD62L+CD127-CCR7-T細胞である、請求項58に記載の組成物。
- 前記T細胞の少なくとも60%がCD28+CD62L+CD127-CCR7-T細胞である、請求項58に記載の組成物。
- 前記CD28+CD62L+CD127-CCR7-T細胞がLef1及び/又はTcf1をさらに発現する、請求項58に記載の組成物。
- 前記CD28+CD62L+CD127-CCR7-T細胞が、CD45RA及び/又はCD45ROを本質的に発現しない、請求項58に記載の組成物。
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