JP2021513857A - Cd83結合キメラ抗原受容体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本願は、それらの全体において本明細書により参照によって本明細書中に組み込まれる2018年2月23日提出の米国特許仮出願第62/634,435号及び2018年5月30日提出の同第62/677,783号の優先権を主張する。
本願は、2019年2月21日作成の「320803_2200_Sequence_Listing_ST25」の題名のASCII.txtファイルとして電子形式で提出される配列リストを含有する。配列リストの内容はその全体において本明細書中に組み込まれる。
同種造血細胞移植(HCT)は血液悪性腫瘍に対する有効な治療法であるが、急性移植片対宿主疾患(GVHD)により限界がある。GVHDはドナーT細胞が宿主細胞において遺伝的に定められるタンパク質に応答する場合に生じ、HCTに付随する高い死亡率の極めて重要な一因である。樹状細胞(DC)は、GVHDを引き起こす同種T細胞刺激において主要な役割を果たす。ドナーDCは移植後の同種抗原の間接的提示に関与する一次抗原提示細胞であり、この過程は移植のほぼ直後に開始される。GVHDを制御するための現在の免疫抑制処置はT細胞を標的としているが、患者において移植後免疫を損なう。
ドナーT細胞などのアロ反応性細胞を抑制するための養子細胞移植とともに使用され得るキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)ポリペプチドを開示する。開示されるCARポリペプチドは、外部ドメインにおいて、CD83発現細胞に結合し得る抗CD83結合物質を含有する。開示されるCARポリペプチドを発現させるために遺伝子修飾された免疫エフェクター細胞も開示する。
抗原提示細胞においてCD83を標的とするキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)が本明細書中で開示される。これらのCARを発現するように改変されるT細胞又はナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞などの免疫エフェクター細胞も開示される。これらのCARを発現するCAR T細胞は、T細胞などのアロ反応性ドナー細胞を抑止し得る。従って、開示されるCD83特異的なCARを発現するように改変された開示される免疫エフェクター細胞の養子移植を含む、対象においてGVHDを予防するための方法も開示される。
CARは一般に、リンパ球活性化に関与する膜貫通シグナル伝達モチーフがあるモノクローナル抗体(mAb)の1本鎖可変断片(scFv)からの抗原認識ドメインを組み込む(Sadelain M, et al. Nat Rev Cancer 2003 3:35-45)。アロ反応性ドナー細胞を抑止するための免疫エフェクター細胞において発現され得るCD83特異的なキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を本明細書中で開示する。
SP−CD83−HG−TM−CSR−SD;又は
SP−CD83−HG−TM−SD−CSR;
式中、「SP」は任意選択のシグナルペプチドを表し、
式中、「CD83」はCD83結合領域を表し、
式中、「HG」は任意選択のヒンジドメインを表し、
式中、「TM」は膜貫通ドメインを表し、
式中、「CSR」は1つ以上の同時刺激シグナル伝達領域を表し、
式中、「SD」はシグナル伝達ドメインを表し、
式中、「−」はペプチド結合又はリンカーを表す。
開示される免疫エフェクター細胞におけるCD83特異的なCARの発現を可能にする開示されるCD83特異的なCARをコードするポリヌクレオチド及びポリヌクレオチドベクターも開示する。
開示されるCARを発現するように改変される免疫エフェクター細胞(本明細書中で「CAR−T細胞」とも呼ばれる)も開示される。これらの細胞は好ましくは処置しようとする対象から入手される(即ち自己)。しかし、いくつかの実施形態では、免疫エフェクター細胞株又はドナーエフェクター細胞(同種)を使用する。免疫エフェクター細胞は、末梢血単核細胞、骨髄、リンパ節組織、臍帯血、胸腺組織、感染部位からの組織、腹水、胸水、脾臓組織及び腫瘍を含む多くの供給源から得られ得る。免疫エフェクター細胞は、Ficoll(商標)分離など、当業者にとって公知の技術の何らかの多くの技術を使用して対象から回収される血液から得られ得る。例えば、個体の循環血からの細胞はアフェレーシスにより得られ得る。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫エフェクター細胞は、赤血球細胞を溶解させ、単球を枯渇させることにより、例えばPERCOLL(商標)勾配を通じた遠心分離によって、又は向流遠心溶出法によって、末梢血液リンパ球から単離される。免疫エフェクター細胞の特異的な亜集団は、陽性又は陰性選択技術によりさらに単離され得る。例えば、免疫エフェクター細胞は、陽性選択細胞に特有である表面マーカーに対する抗体の組み合わせを使用して、例えば所望の免疫エフェクター細胞の陽性選択に十分な時間にわたり抗体複合ビーズと温置することにより、単離され得る。或いは、陰性選択細胞に特有である表面マーカーに対する抗体の組み合わせを用いて陰性選択によって免疫エフェクター細胞集団の濃縮を完遂し得る。
開示されるCARを発現する免疫エフェクター細胞は、T細胞など、アロ反応性ドナー細胞を抑制し、GVHDを防ぐ。従って、GVHDに対するリスクを有するあらゆる対象に開示されるCARを投与し得る。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は骨髄移植を受け、開示されるCAR改変免疫エフェクター細胞は、ドナーT細胞又は樹状細胞のアロ反応性を抑制する。
「アミノ酸配列」という用語は、アミノ酸残基を表す略語、文字、字又は言葉の一覧を指す。本明細書中で使用される「アミノ酸略語」は、アミノ酸に対する従来の1文字コードであり、次のように表される:A、アラニン;B、アスパラギン又はアスパラギン酸;C、システイン;D アスパラギン酸;E、グルタメート、グルタミン酸;F、フェニルアラニン;G、グリシン;H ヒスチジン;I イソロイシン;K、リジン;L、ロイシン;M、メチオニン;N、アスパラギン;P、プロリン;Q、グルタミン;R、アルギニン;S、セリン;T、スレオニン;V、バリン;W、トリプトファン;Y、チロシン;Z、グルタミン又はグルタミン酸。
実施例1:新規ヒトCD83キメラ抗原受容体T細胞は、ドナー抗腫瘍免疫を維持しながらGVHDを防ぐ
導入
同種HCTは、高リスク血液悪性腫瘍及び骨髄不全症候群に対して治癒目的で行われる手順である。世界中で年間30,000名の患者が同種HCTを受け、標準的な薬理学免疫抑制にもかかわらず、34〜89%が急性GVHDを発症する(Cutler C., et al., Blood 2014 124:1372-1377; Pidala J., et al., Haematologica 2012 97:1882-1889)。現行の方式は、GVHDを防ぐために、メトトレキサート、シロリムス又はミコフェノール酸モフェチルと組み合わせて、広く抑制的なカルシニューリン阻害剤を使用するというものである。有益なGVLの既知のオフターゲット障害及び限定的な寛容性誘導にもかかわらず(Zeiser R., et al., Blood 2006 108:390-399)、カルシニューリン阻害剤は、30年超にわたりGVHD予防及び処置に含まれてきた(Powles R.L., et al., Lancet 1978 2:1327-1331;Storb R., et al., Blood 1986 68:119-125; Storb R., et al., N Engl J Med 1986 314:729-735)。ドナー及び移植片供給源選択における進歩(Pidala J., et al., Blood 2014 124:2596-2606; Anasetti C., et al., N Engl J Med 2012 367:1487-1496)、レシピエント併存疾患評価(Sorror M.L., et al., Blood 2004 104:961-968; Thakar M., et al., Blood.2019 133(7):754-762)及び移植前処置が同種HCTの転帰を向上させた一方で(Solh M.M., et al., Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Sep 19; Scott B.L., et al., J Clin Oncol 2017 35:1154-1161)、カルシニューリン阻害剤が、今日、広く認められるGVHD予防の免疫抑制基盤であり続けていることは特筆すべきことである(Cutler C., et al., Blood 2014 124:1372-1377)。
試験計画。これは、GVHD予防のための新しいヒトCD83 CAR T細胞の、計画、作製及び有効性の前臨床試験である。この試験の第1の部分は、CARコンストラクト並びに、表現型、サイトカイン産生、オンターゲットの死滅及びCD83+標的に応答した増殖に関して、CD83 CAR T細胞のインビトロ活性を記載する。次に、標準的なアロMLRを使用した、インビトロでのCD83 CAR T細胞の免疫抑制効果を明らかにする。さらに、CD83発現は、Tconv 対Treg細胞上でのCD83の異なる発現を示すヒトT細胞間での基準であった。ヒトT細胞が介在する異種間GVHDモデル(Betts B.C., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018 115:1582-1587; Betts B.C., et al., Sci Transl Med. 2017 9(372); Betts B.C., et al., Front Immunol.2018 9:2887)において、GVHD予防におけるCD83 CARの前臨床での有効性が実証される。これには、CD83+樹状細胞及びTconvのインビボ標的死滅の徹底的な評価が含まれる。インビボでの様々なT細胞サブセットにおけるCD83 CAR T細胞の効果も示される。最後に、CD83 CAR T細胞は、インビボで、ヒト、腫瘍特異的CD8 CTLを生成させるために確立された異種間モデルを使用して、ドナー抗腫瘍免疫を温存することが示されており(Betts B.C., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018 115:1582-1587; Betts B.C., et al., Sci Transl Med. 2017 9(372); Betts B.C., et al., Front Immunol. 2018 9:2887)、xCELLigence RTCA(リアルタイム細胞分析)系を使用してCTLによる死滅をインビトロで試験した(Li G., et al., JCI Insight. 2018 3(18))。
モノクローナル抗体及びフローサイトメトリー。蛍光色素結合マウス抗ヒトモノクローナル抗体には、抗CD3、CD4、CD25、CD83、CD127、MHCII、Foxp3、Ki−67、IFNγ、IL−17A及びIL−4が含まれた(BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA. USA;eBioscience San Jose, CA. USA; Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, MA.USA)。生存能を判定するために、LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow or Aqua Dead Cell Stain(Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY)を使用した。BD FACSCanto IIフローサイトメーター上で生存事象を捕捉した(FlowJoソフトウェア,ver.7.6.4;TreeStar, Ashland, OR, USA)。
ヒトCD83 CARコンストラクトの模式図。抗ヒトCD83抗体、C312の1本鎖可変断片に基づき、CD83 CAR T細胞を設計した(Wilson J., et al., J Exp Med 2009 206:387-398)。CD83 CAR T細胞コンストラクトは41BB同時刺激ドメイン及びCD3ζ活性化ドメインを使用する。CAR T細胞の追跡を容易にするために、コンストラクトは、正常な非CAR T細胞の間でCAR T細胞を同定するために使用され得るeGFPタグを含有する。CD83標的化CAR T細胞にレトロウイルスを用いて形質導入し、公開されるものと全く同じように作製した(図1)(Li G., et al. Methods Mol Biol 2017 1514:111-118)。
GVHDを防ぐための細胞性免疫療法としてのCAR T細胞の使用は、ドナーTregの薬理学的な免疫抑制又は養子移植とは異なる、画期的なストラテジーである。CD83を発現する標的指向細胞は、移植レシピエントから炎症、成熟DC並びにアロ反応性CD4+T細胞を効果的に枯渇させる。機構的に、ドナー樹状細胞枯渇は個別の異種間実験においてGVHDを軽減しないので、アロ反応性Tconvのインビボ排除はこれらのCAR T細胞の有効性を推進し得る。さらに、CD83 CAR T細胞は、ヒト細胞溶解性CD8+T細胞の抗腫瘍活性を損なわない。CD83 CAR T細胞で処置したマウスにおいてCD8 T細胞が減少したにもかかわらず、これらのマウスからのCTLは腫瘍殺傷の促進を示した。CD83 CAR T細胞によるアロ反応性Tエフェクターのインビボ枯渇は、Treg:活性化Tconv比の有意な上昇も仲介する。
Claims (18)
- CD83抗原結合ドメインと、膜貫通ドメインと、細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインと、同時刺激シグナル伝達領域と、を含む、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)ポリペプチド。
- 前記CD83抗原結合ドメインが、CD83に特異的に結合する抗体の1本鎖可変断片(scFv)である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 抗CD83scFvが、CDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を有する可変重鎖(VH)ドメインと、CDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を有する可変軽鎖(VL)ドメインと、を含み、前記VHドメインのCDR1配列が、アミノ酸配列の配列番号1、配列番号7又は配列番号13を含み;前記VHドメインのCDR2配列が、アミノ酸配列の配列番号2、配列番号8又は配列番号14を含み;前記VHドメインのCDR3配列が、アミノ酸配列の配列番号3、配列番号9又は配列番号15を含み;前記VLのCDR1配列が、アミノ酸配列の配列番号4、配列番号10又は配列番号16を含み;前記VLドメインのCDR2配列が、アミノ酸配列の配列番号5、配列番号11又は配列番号17を含み;前記VLドメインのCDR3配列が、アミノ酸配列の配列番号6、配列番号12又は配列番号18を含む、請求項2に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記抗CD83scFvのVHドメインが、アミノ酸配列の配列番号19、配列番号48、配列番号49、配列番号50、配列番号51、配列番号52又は配列番号53を含む、請求項3に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記抗CD83scFvのVLドメインが、アミノ酸配列の配列番号20、配列番号54又は配列番号55を含む、請求項3又は4に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記抗CD83scFvが、アミノ酸配列の配列番号57、配列番号58、配列番号59、配列番号60、配列番号61、配列番号62、配列番号63、配列番号64、配列番号65、配列番号66、配列番号67、配列番号68、配列番号69、配列番号70又は配列番号71を含む、請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記同時刺激シグナル伝達領域が、CD27、CD28、4−1BB、OX40、CD30、CD40、PD−1、ICOS、リンパ球機能関連抗原−1(LFA−1)、CD2、CD7、LIGHT、NKG2C、B7−H3及び何らかのそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される同時刺激分子の細胞質ドメインを含む、請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記CARポリペプチドが、式:
SP−CD83−HG−TM−CSR−ISD;又は
SP−CD83−HG−TM−ISD−CSR
により定義され、
式中、「SP」がシグナルペプチドを表し、
式中、「CD83」がCD83結合領域を表し、
式中、「HG」が任意選択のヒンジドメインを表し、
式中、「TM」が膜貫通ドメインを表し、
式中、「CSR」が同時刺激シグナル伝達領域を表し、
式中、「ISD」が細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを表し、
式中、「−」が二価リンカーを表す、
請求項1〜7の何れか1項に記載のポリペプチド。 - 前記細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインが、CD3ゼータ(CD3ζ)シグナル伝達ドメインを含む、請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載のポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の組み換えポリペプチドをコードする、単離核酸配列。
- 請求項10に記載の単離核酸配列を含む、ベクター。
- 請求項11に記載のベクターを含む、細胞。
- αβT細胞、γδT細胞、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞、ナチュラルキラーT(NKT)細胞、B細胞、自然リンパ系細胞(ILC)、サイトカイン誘導性キラー(CIK)細胞、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)、リンホカイン活性化キラー(LAK)細胞、制御T細胞又は何らかのそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の細胞。
- 前記CARの抗原結合ドメインがCD83に結合するとき、アロ反応性ドナー細胞を抑制する、請求項13に記載の細胞。
- 移植ドナー細胞を受けた対象においてアロ反応性ドナー細胞を抑制する方法であって、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載のCARポリペプチドを発現させるために遺伝子改変された免疫エフェクター細胞の有効量を前記対象に投与し、それによって前記対象においてアロ反応性ドナー細胞を抑制することを含む、方法。
- 前記免疫エフェクター細胞が、T細胞、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)及び制御T細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記ドナー細胞が、アロ反応性T細胞、樹状細胞又はそれらの組み合わせを含む骨髄細胞である、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
- 前記チェックポイント阻害剤が、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、抗CTLA−4抗体又はそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
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