JP2021170996A - Basal fertilizer amount arithmetic unit, basal fertilizer amount arithmetic method, and basal fertilizer amount arithmetic program - Google Patents

Abstract

To accurately calculate an amount of basal fertilizer for achieving a cultivation goal without the need for soil analysis for each farm field, etc. by only repeating procedures of applying basal fertilizer, measuring a measurement item as a result of growth, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer.SOLUTION: A basal fertilizer amount arithmetic unit that performs arithmetic processing of an amount of basal fertilizer, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen to a field, comprises: a basal fertilizer map-creating part that inputs a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between an area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer; a measurement item-measuring part that sets a measurement item in the field; a target/result comparison part that compares a target value of the measurement item with an actual value; a basal fertilizer correction amount arithmetic part that arithmetically processes a basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/result comparison part, and a basal fertilizer map-updating part that updates the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount arithmetic part. The amount of basal fertilizer is adjusted to an appropriate level by repeating the procedures of applying the basal fertilizer, measuring a measurement item as a result of growth, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a technique for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer for grains and the like.

In crop production, the main goal is to obtain high quality and high yield without lodging the crop. Variable fertilization technology, which is one of the smart agricultural technologies, is a technology that aims to achieve such a goal by utilizing advanced technology.
For example, Patent Document 1 applies basic fertilizer to a cultivation area at the time of sowing according to a basic yield less than the maximum yield, and topdresses a limited area. The amount of growth generated in the cultivated area and the topdressing area during a predetermined period from the initial stage of growth is measured, and the measured value in the cultivated area is compared with the measured value in the topdressing area. When the growth in the topdressing area exceeds the growth in the cultivation area, the amount of fertilizer corresponding to the difference in the amount of growth is topped up.

Japanese Patent Application No. 10-56882

Although the machines required for variable fertilization of basal fertilizer have been put into practical use, there is no proposal for a standard method that allows anyone to create a basal fertilizer map from the obtained data. The current situation is that it is created based on this.
An object of the present invention is to accurately obtain the amount of basal fertilizer that achieves a cultivation target without requiring soil analysis for each field. The amount of basal fertilizer indicates the amount of nitrogen in the basal fertilizer.

According to one aspect of the present invention, it is a basal fertilizer amount calculation device that calculates the basal fertilizer amount which is the basal fertilizer nitrogen amount in the field, and inputs a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the basal fertilizer amount. Based on the map creation unit, the measurement item measurement unit that measures the measurement items in the field, the target / actual comparison unit that compares the target value and the actual value of the measurement item, and the comparison result in the target / actual comparison unit. It has a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit that calculates the basal fertilizer correction amount, and a basal fertilizer map update unit that updates the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit. Provided is a basal fertilizer amount calculation device characterized in that the basal fertilizer amount is converged to an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the procedure of measuring the measurement item which is the growth result and correcting the basal fertilizer amount.

According to the above method, based on the concept of feedback control using cultivation results, even if conditions such as variety characteristics, soil fertility, and weather are unknown, the optimum amount of basal fertilizer can be converged by repeating the treatment. .. In addition, the basal fertilizer map showing the position dependence of the basal fertilizer amount can be optimized.

The measurement items include an upper limit item that has a target value that is not an upper limit value and a lower limit value and is a basis for correction, has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value, and determines an upper limit of the correction amount. A function that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and has a lower limit item that determines a lower limit of a correction amount as an arbitrary item and determines a correction amount for the target item, and a target value and a measured value of the target item. It is preferable to determine the correction amount by comparing the correction value based on the difference with the upper limit correction amount and the lower limit correction amount based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. It is preferable to set one target item.

The conflict processing method when the upper limit item and the lower limit item conflict with each other may be determined. As the conflict processing method, it is conceivable to determine the priority item, adopt the average value of the upper limit correction amount and the lower limit correction amount, and the like.

When the crop is paddy rice, for example, it is conceivable to set the yield as the target item and the combine standardization rate and the grain protein content, which are indicators of the degree of lodging of the crop in the field, as the upper limit items.
When the crop is wheat, for example, it is conceivable to set the yield as the target item, the combine standardization rate which is an index of the degree of lodging of the crop in the field as the upper limit item, and the grain protein content as the lower limit item. Be done.

According to another viewpoint of the present invention, it is a basal fertilizer amount calculation method for calculating the basal fertilizer amount which is the basal fertilizer nitrogen amount in the field, and inputs a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the basal fertilizer amount. The basal fertilizer map creation step, the measurement item measurement step for measuring the measurement items in the field, the target / actual comparison step for comparing the target value and the actual value of the measurement item, and the comparison result in the target / actual comparison step. Based on this, it has a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step for calculating the basal fertilizer correction amount and a basal fertilizer map update step for updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step. Provided is a method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer, which comprises repeating the procedure of measuring the measurement item which is the growth result and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer so as to converge to an appropriate amount of basal fertilizer.

According to still another viewpoint of the present invention, it is a basal fertilizer amount calculation program that calculates the basal fertilizer amount which is the basal fertilizer nitrogen amount in the field, and is a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the basal fertilizer amount on a computer. The basal fertilizer map creation step for inputting, the measurement item creation step for setting the measurement items in the field, the target / actual comparison step for comparing the target value and the actual value of the measurement item, and the target / actual comparison step. Based on the comparison result in, the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step for calculating the basal fertilizer correction amount and the basal fertilizer map update step for updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step are executed. A basal fertilizer amount calculation program is provided, which is characterized in that the basal fertilizer amount is converged to an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the procedures of applying the basal fertilizer, measuring the measurement items which are the growth results, and correcting the basal fertilizer amount.

According to the present invention, the amount of basal fertilizer that leads to the target growth is progressively accurate simply by repeating the application of basal fertilizer, the measurement of measurement items that are the growth results, and the correction of the amount of basal fertilizer without the need for soil analysis for each field. You can ask for it well.

It is a figure which summarized the gist of the basal fertilizer amount calculation technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows one configuration example of the basal fertilizer amount calculation device of a crop by this embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process flow of the basal fertilizer amount calculation method of a crop by this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between yield, nitrogen absorption amount and basal fertilizer correction amount ΔNy. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the combine standardization rate (an index of the degree of lodging), a nitrogen absorption amount, and a basal fertilizer upper limit correction amount ΔNUv. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the brown rice protein content, the nitrogen absorption amount, and the basal fertilizer upper limit correction amount ΔNUp. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between NDVI × vegetation coverage rate which is one index of growth amount, nitrogen amount absorption amount and basal fertilizer correction amount ΔNndvix. It is a figure which summarized the gist of the fertilizer application machine set value calculation technique by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows one configuration example of the set value calculation device of the fertilizer application machine of a crop by 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process flow of the set value calculation method of a crop fertilizer according to 2nd Embodiment.

First, the prior art has, for example, the following features.
1) Determine the standard basal fertilizer amount for each variety The standard basal fertilizer amount is determined by conducting a test for several years in a limited place such as a test site.
2) Analyze available nitrogen in soil.
3) Determine the amount of basal fertilizer from the standard amount of basal fertilizer and available nitrogen.

Such a conventional technique has the following problems.
1) Soil analysis is required for each field, which is costly and time-consuming.
2) The determined basal fertilizer amount may not be appropriate due to differences in weather conditions, field conditions, etc. from the place where the standard basal fertilizer amount was determined.

Hereinafter, the gist of the basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram summarizing the gist of the basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present embodiment.
The basal fertilizer amount calculation technique shown in FIG. 1 is based on the following concept.
1) First (first) basal fertilizer cartography NP ₁ (T1)
The basal fertilizer map is a map showing the relationship between the position in the field (measurement points, etc.) and the basal fertilizer amount. That) may be. Let the basal fertilizer amount at point i be NP _1i .
2) Acquisition of actual base fertilizer map N ₁ (T2)
Assuming that the actual basal fertilizer amount is m _1i times the _{planned basal fertilizer amount, N 1i} can be calculated by the following formula.
N _1i = m _1i x NP _1i (Equation 1)
The actual base fertilizer map N ₁ is _{obtained by arranging N 1 i on a map.}
3) Data acquisition of measurement items (T3)
Examples of the measurement items include the items shown in T3.
4) Calculation of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN ₁ (T4)
5) Update the base fertilizer map (T5)
_{NP 2i} can be obtained by the following equation 2.
NP _2i = N _1i + ΔN _1i (Equation 2)
The second basal fertilizer map NP ₂ is _{the one in which NP 2i is arranged on the map.}
6) By continuing the above steps 2) → 4) → 5) for several years (several times), for example, the optimum amount of basal fertilizer can be converged. The measurement items are set for the first time.
According to the above method, based on the concept of feedback control using cultivation results, even if conditions such as variety characteristics, soil fertility, and weather are unknown, the optimum amount of basal fertilizer can be converged by repeating the treatment. ..
7) The unit for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer may be an area, a field, or one measurement point (mesh: 10 m × 10 m, etc.).
It is desirable that the conditions within the calculation unit are uniform. In that case, the optimum amount of basal fertilizer can be converged for each calculation unit without performing soil analysis or cultivation test.

(First Embodiment)
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of a basal fertilizer amount calculation device for crops according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer of a crop according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, the basal fertilizer amount calculation device A according to the present embodiment includes the basal fertilizer map creation unit 1, the actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 5, the measurement item measurement unit 7, the target / actual comparison unit 11, and the basal fertilizer. It has a correction amount calculation unit 15 and a basal fertilizer map update unit 17. In addition, it has a storage unit (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 3, in the basal fertilizer amount calculation processing procedure according to the present embodiment, first, when the processing is started (Start), the measurement items are set (step S1).

1. 1. Measurement item setting example (step S1)
1-1) Determination of measurement items Determine the measurement items to be used to determine the basal fertilizer amount correction based on the cultivation target and available machines. As the measurement items, the yield, the degree of lodging, the grain protein content, and the like can be considered.
1-2) Specify the type of measurement item As the type of each measurement item, specify one of the target item, the upper limit item, the lower limit item, and the upper and lower limit items.
1-2-1) Target item: It has a function that determines the basic correction amount (ΔNB) and a target value that is not the upper limit value or the lower limit value. Using this ΔNB as the basis of the correction amount, ΔN is determined by correcting with the upper limit correction amount, the lower limit correction amount, the upper limit ΔN, and the lower limit ΔN. Be sure to specify one. The target item is, for example, yield.
1-2-2) Upper limit item: It has a function of upper limit correction amount (ΔNU) and a target value of upper limit value or lower limit value. For example, the degree of crop lodging (combining standardization rate as an index, etc.) and brown rice protein content.
1-2-3) Lower limit item: It has a function of lower limit correction amount (ΔNL) and a target value of upper limit value or lower limit value. For example, wheat protein content.
1-2-4) Upper and lower limit items: An upper and lower limit correction amount function, a lower limit correction amount function, and an upper and lower limit items having target values of an upper limit value and a lower limit value may be set.
Here, make sure to create one target item.

2. A function, a target value, and a priority are determined for each item (step S4).
The function may be a straight line, a stepped shape, a polygonal line, a curved line, or the like. For example, if it is less than the target, the correction amount = 1, and if it is more than the target, the correction amount = 0. That is, it does not necessarily have to be an experimental function.
Further, when there are an upper limit item and a lower limit item, it is advisable to determine the conflict processing when there is a conflict with ΔNU <ΔNL. As the conflict processing, it is conceivable to determine the priority item, adopt the average value of ΔNU and ΔNL, and the like.
The basal fertilizer map creation unit 1 _{inputs the first basal fertilizer map NP 1} (step S2).
Next, the actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 5 _{converts the basal fertilizer map NP n} into the actual basal fertilizer map N _n in consideration of the actual basal fertilizer amount (n = 1, 2, 3, ...).
Next, the measurement item measurement unit 7 measures the measurement item in step S3. In step S4 (S4-1, S4-2, S4-3), the correction amount is calculated as follows based on the measurement items measured by the measurement item measurement unit 7.

3. 3. The target / actual comparison unit 11 makes a comparison (step S4), and the basal fertilizer amount correction amount is calculated for each item.
3-1) Target item (step S4-1): The target value-measured value is applied to a function that determines ΔNB to calculate ΔNB.
3-2) Upper limit item (step S4-2): The target value-measured value is applied to a function that determines ΔNU to calculate ΔNU.
3-3) Lower limit item (step S4-3): The target value-measured value is applied to a function that determines ΔNL to calculate ΔNL.
3-4) Although not shown, for example, the upper and lower limit items: target value-measured value may be applied to a function for determining ΔNU and a function for determining ΔNL to calculate ΔNU and ΔNL.

Next, the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit 15 corrects the basal fertilizer amount in the direction of achieving the cultivation target based on the comparison result (S6-1 to 4, S7, S8-1 to 8-3).
The arithmetic processing of the correction amount ΔN described above will be described below.

4. Determination of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN 4-1) Determination of provisional correction amount ΔN (1) Compare ΔNB, ΔNU, and ΔNL (step S5) to determine the provisional correction amount ΔN (1) (S6-1 to S6-4). )
When ΔNL ≦ ΔNB ≦ ΔNL, ΔNB is adopted (step S6-1).
When ΔNB> ΔNU, ΔNU is adopted (step S6-2).
When ΔNB <ΔNL, ΔNL is adopted (step S6-3).
When ΔNU <ΔNL, the confrontation process is performed (step S6-4).
4-2) Determination of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN (S7, steps S8-1 to S8-3)
The ΔN (1) determined in 4-1) is applied to the final upper limit ΔN and lower limit ΔN, if necessary. The upper limit ΔN and the lower limit ΔN are preset values in order to avoid overcorrection, and are different from ΔNU and ΔNL which vary depending on the measured value of the measurement item.
If the lower limit ΔN ≦ ΔN (1) ≦ the upper limit ΔN, ΔN (1) is adopted.
If ΔN (1)> upper limit ΔN, the upper limit ΔN is adopted.
If ΔN (1) <lower limit ΔN, the lower limit ΔN is adopted.
Although the processing after steps S8-1 to S8-3 is omitted in FIG. 3, the process returns from T5 (updating the basal fertilizer map) in FIG. 1 to T1 (repeating the processing with a new basal fertilizer map).
The position to return from step S8 is step S1 (when updating the measurement item, the target value of the measurement item, and the function) or step S2 (when the measurement item is not changed).

(Specific example of calculation of provisional correction amount ΔN (1))
A specific example of the calculation of the provisional correction amount ΔN (1) according to the above procedure will be described below.
As appropriate, FIGS. 1 to 3 and the above 1. From the setting example of the measurement item, the above 4. Refer to the description of the determination up to the determination of the provisional correction amount ΔN (1).

(1) Correction amount calculation 1-1) The measurement items are a combination of the items illustrated in T3 of FIG.
1-2) As illustrated in the table described later, the type, function, target value, etc. are set for each measurement item.
Specify the types of target items, upper limit items, etc. according to the characteristics of the measurement items.
As for the function as a setting item, it is desirable to set an appropriate function based on the experimental data. However, a function that is not based on experimental data, for example, a step-like function may be set. For example, one feature of the present invention is that a simple function may be set such that the yield is set as a target item, the correction amount is 1 for less than the target, and the correction amount is 0 for more than the target.
1-3) Calculate the correction amount of the basal fertilizer amount for each measurement item.
1-4) The provisional correction amount ΔN (1) is determined by comparing ΔNB, ΔNU, and ΔNL.
In addition, ΔN (1) basically adopts the value ΔNB of the target item, and is corrected by ΔNU and ΔNL. As in steps S4 to S6, the handling of the correction value calculated according to the type of measurement item is changed.

(2) Example of function for each item 2-1) Measurement item The measurement items can be yield, combine standardization rate (an index of the degree of lodging), and grain protein content. In the case of paddy rice for main food, it is preferable to aim for the target yield within the range where the degree of lodging and the grain protein content are within the upper limit. Growth sensing items such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are not used in the ΔN calculation in this example, but show examples of functions.

2-2) Yield Yield is the target item. Then, when the actual measured yield is smaller than the target yield, the basal fertilizer amount is increased by the amount of nitrogen corresponding to the yield difference.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the yield and the nitrogen absorption amount, and the yield and the basic correction amount ΔNBy.
It was found that the nitrogen absorption amount NA ^{can be simply regressed with respect to the yield Y (g / m 2} ) as shown in the following formula 3.
NA (g / m ² ) = 0.0176 × Y + 0.6476 (Equation 3)

Assuming that the target yield (see the downward black arrow) is 570 g / m ² and the fertilizer efficiency (ratio of the amount of absorbed nitrogen to the amount of applied nitrogen) is k = 1, as shown in FIG.
When Y <570:
ΔNBy = 0.0176 × (570-Y) / k = 0.0176 × (570-Y) (Equation 4)
When Y ≧ 570:
ΔNBy = 0
Is.

As described above, the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield can be obtained by using the regression equation.
If ΔN is calculated only from the yield or if the purpose is to reduce fertilizer, the case of Equation 4 is not divided, and if the yield exceeds the target, the amount of basal fertilizer is reduced to prevent lodging and reduce fertilizer. It is also possible to plan.

k is usually a value of about 0.3. However, in order to avoid overcorrection, k = 1 to 2 may be set and the calculation may be performed for several years to bring the amount closer to the optimum basal fertilizer amount. Since the yield is affected by the weather conditions of the year, the target yield may use not only the absolute value but also relative values such as the average value, median value, and third quartile of the year. ..

2-3) Combine standardization speed The combine standardization speed (in this specification, defined as the relative value of the combine speed of the target site to the combine speed of the non-falling reference field) should be used as an index of the degree of lodging of the agricultural crop. Can be done. This is because the greater the degree of lodging, the smaller the combine speed. The degree of lodging is an upper limit item because it has an upper limit target and determines the upper limit of the basal fertilizer correction amount. On the other hand, the combine standardization speed is an upper limit item having a lower limit target because it has a negative relationship with the degree of lodging (the downward black arrow in FIG. 5 = 0.7 is the lower limit target).
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the combine standardization rate (degree of lodging) and the nitrogen absorption amount, and the combine standardization rate and the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv. As shown in FIG. 5, the nitrogen absorption amount NA was a combine standardization rate V, and was able to perform a simple regression as shown in the following equation 5.
NA = -7.1321 x V +17.159 (Equation 5)

Here, assuming that the target standardization rate is 0.7 and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, ΔNUv is expressed by the following equation 6.
ΔNUv = -7.1321 × (0.7-V) (Equation 6)
As described above, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv based on the combine standardization rate can be obtained by using the regression equation.

If the yield is lower than the target, the increase is corrected and the degree of lodging may increase. Even when the standardization speed is higher than the target (the degree of lodging is small), the upper limit of the correction amount in view of the degree of lodging can be set by calculating ΔNUv by Equation 6. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an excess of the increase correction amount. It is also possible to use other measurement items such as the combine speed itself and the height of the crop instead of the combine standardization speed as an index of the degree of lodging.

2-4) Correction of grain protein content The higher the basal nitrogen content, the higher the grain protein content.
By the way, depending on the crop, there may be an upper limit or a lower limit on the grain protein content required for quality.
For example, if the brown rice protein content is high, the taste deteriorates. Therefore, in the cultivation of good-tasting rice, the upper limit of the brown rice protein content may be set. Here, an example in which the brown rice protein content is set as the upper limit item is shown.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the brown rice protein content and the nitrogen absorption amount, and the brown rice protein content and the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp. As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the nitrogen absorption amount can be simply regressed by the brown rice protein content.
From FIG. 6, assuming that the brown rice protein content is P, the nitrogen absorption amount NA can be obtained by the following formula.
NA = 3.1395 x P-8.9885 (Equation 7)

Further, assuming that the target value of the brown rice protein content is 6.0 (the value of the downward black arrow is the upper limit target) and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, the equation 8 can be obtained.
ΔNUp = 3.1395 × (6.0-P) (Equation 8)
As described above, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp based on the grain protein content can be obtained by using the regression equation.

2-5) Correction by NDVI etc. (Example of function)
When the yield combine cannot be used, it is possible to correct the basal fertilizer amount by NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) or the like, which is an index of the growth amount that can be obtained by an artificial satellite or a drone.
The NDVI value is an index indicating the amount of growth of a plant or the like, and can be obtained by (IR-R) / (IR + R).
Here, R is the reflectance of visible light, IR is the reflectance of near-infrared light, and the NDVI value is a value between +1 to -1.

In this case, it is a target item. In addition, the cause of the lower yield than the target may be lodging due to overgrowth or disease due to excessive nitrogen. In that case, the correction based on the yield will be an increase correction, but in reality it is necessary to reduce the amount of basal fertilizer. When the combine standardization rate is not used, the basal fertilizer amount can be appropriately corrected even in such a case by combining the yield and NDVI. If there is a purpose to prevent overgrowth, it is set as the upper limit item. Since the amount of growth is affected by climate change, it may be a relative value such as the average value, median value, or third quartile of the year.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between NDVI × vegetation coverage and nitrogen absorption, and NDVI × vegetation coverage and basic correction amount ΔNBndvix. NDVI × vegetation coverage is one of the indexes of the amount of growth obtained at the time of NDVI measurement by a drone or the like.
As shown in FIG. 7, the nitrogen absorption amount can be regressed by a quadratic function of NDVI × vegetation coverage (described as NDVIX).
^{NA = 104.67 × NDVIX 2 -21.216 ×} NDVIX + 2.2025 ( Equation 9)

Further, assuming that the target value of NDVIX is 0.3 and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, ΔNBndvix is as follows.
ΔNBndvix = (104.67 × (0.3 ^2- NDVIX ² ) -21.216 × (0.3-NDVIX) (Equation 10)
As described above, the basic correction amount ΔNBndvix based on NDVI × vegetation coverage can be obtained by using a regression equation.

(3) Example of calculation of ΔN (1) An example of calculation of ΔN in the case of paddy rice for main food will be described below.

Table 1 is a table showing a combination example of measurement items.
Example 1 has yield as a target item.
Example 2 has NDVI × vegetation coverage as a target item.
In Example 3, the yield is the target item, and the NDVI × vegetation coverage rate is the upper limit item.
In Example 4, the yield is set as the target item, and the combine standard rate and the grain protein content are set as the upper limit items.
In the following, ΔN (1) is calculated for various combinations of yield, protein content, and combine standardization rate using the combination of Example 4 in Table 1.

Table 2 is a table showing an example of calculation of the provisional correction amount ΔN (1) assuming the main food paddy rice, and the values obtained by calculating ΔNBy, ΔNUv, and ΔNUp using Equations 4, 6, and 8 are shown. It is a table which shows. Table 2 shows the results of the arithmetic processing until P and the obtained provisional correction amount ΔN (1) are obtained even in the processing of steps S8-1 to S8-3 in FIG. The results obtained by the subsequent arithmetic processing are omitted.
The meaning of shading of each item is shown in the last line.

In Case 1, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the basic correction amount based on the yield is 0. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount is 2.1 from the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount is 1.6 from the formula (8).
Since ΔNBy is smaller than the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv or ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in Case 1 is ΔNBy = 0.0 and ΔN (1) = 0.0.

In Case 2, the yield is 500, which is less than the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the basic correction amount based on the yield is 1.2. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount is 1.4 according to the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount is 1.6 from the formula (8).
Since ΔNBy is smaller than the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv or ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in Case 2 is ΔNBy = 1.2, and ΔN (1) = 1.2.

In Case 3, the yield is 470, which is less than the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount is 2.1 from the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 from the formula (8).
Since ΔNUp <ΔNBy <ΔNUv, the correction amount selected in Case 3 is ΔNUp = 1.6 and ΔN (1) = 1.6.

In Case 4, the yield is 470, which is less than the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4 from the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 from the formula (8).
Since ΔNUv <ΔNUp <ΔNBy, the correction amount selected in Case 4 is ΔNUv = 1.4 and ΔN (1) = 1.4.

In Case 5, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.0. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −1.4 from the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 from the formula (8).
Since ΔNUv <ΔNBy <ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in Case 5 is ΔNUv = −1.4 and ΔN (1) = −1.4.

In Case 6, the yield is 500, which is less than the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the basic correction value ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.2. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −1.4 from the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount is ΔNUp = −1.6 from the formula (8).
Since ΔNUp <ΔNUv <ΔNBy, the correction amount selected in Case 6 is ΔNUp = −1.6 and ΔN (1) = −1.6.

In Case 7, the yield is 500, which is less than the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the correction amount ΔNBy by the yield is 1.2. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.3, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is -2.9 from the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is −1.6 from the formula (8).
Since ΔNUv <ΔNUp <ΔNBy, the correction amount selected in Case 7 is ΔNUv = -2.9, and ΔN (1) = -2.9.

In Case 8, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target 570. Therefore, from the equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.0. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.7, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 0.0 from the equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is −1.6 from the formula (8).
ΔNUp <ΔNBy = ΔNUv, the correction amount selected in Case 8 is ΔNUp = −1.6, and ΔN (1) = −1.6.
As described above, in various cases, an appropriate correction amount for basal fertilizer can be obtained.

Table 3 is a table showing an example of calculation of the provisional correction amount ΔN (1) assuming wheat for noodles, and the mathematical formula uses the coefficient of paddy rice to set a target, an upper limit, and a lower limit. In addition, the confrontation treatment prioritized the combine standardization rate over the protein content.
Table 3 shows the results of the arithmetic processing until P and the obtained provisional correction amount ΔN (1) are obtained even in the processing of steps S8-1 to S8-3 in FIG. The results obtained by the subsequent arithmetic processing are omitted.
The meaning of shading of each item is shown in the last line.

In Case 1, the yield is 450, which exceeds the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0. Since the combine standardization speed is 1.0 (0.7 is the lower limit target), the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 11.0 (with 10.0 as the lower limit target), the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp <ΔNBy <ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNBy = 0.

In Case 2, the yield is 350, which is less than the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp <ΔNBy <ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNBy = 0.9.

In Case 3, the yield is 300, which is less than the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp <ΔNUv <ΔNBy, the correction amount is ΔNUv = 1.4.

In Case 4, the yield is 450, which exceeds the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.6, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −0.7. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp <ΔNUv <ΔNBy, the correction amount is ΔNUv = −0.7.

In Case 5, the yield is 350, which is less than the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.5, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 1.6. Since ΔNBy <ΔNLp <ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNLp = 1.6.

In Case 6, the yield is 350, which is less than the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUBv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 3.1. Since ΔNBy <ΔNUv <ΔNLp gives priority to ΔNUv as the confrontation process, the correction amount is ΔNUv = 2.1.

In Case 7, the yield is 250, which is less than the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 2.6. Since the combine standardization speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 3.1. Since ΔNUv is prioritized as a confrontation process when ΔNUv <ΔNBy <ΔNLp, the correction value is ΔNUv = 2.1.

In Case 8, the yield is 350, which is less than the target 400, so that the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.6, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −0.7. Since the protein content is 10.5, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is −1.6. Since ΔNLp <ΔNUv <ΔNBy, the correction value is ΔNUv = −0.7.

As described above, the calculation of ΔN (1) in the case of paddy rice for main food and wheat for noodles can be performed.
The yield, which is the target item, depends on the crop, variety, cultivar, etc., but is preferably 420 kg / 10a, more preferably 720 kg / 10a for the main food paddy rice.
The combine standardization rate, which is the upper limit item, is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more.
The protein content, which is the upper limit item, is preferably 7.0% or less, more preferably 6.0% or less.

The basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present embodiment can be used for creating a variable basal fertilizer map. Then, the amount of basal fertilizer that achieves the cultivation target is asymptotically and accurately obtained by simply repeating the procedure of applying the basal fertilizer, measuring the measurement items that are the growth results, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer without the need for soil analysis for each field. be able to.
If the machine used for variable basal fertilizer and measurement item data are integrated into a field management system or the like, it can be used integrally as a system. By incorporating the arithmetic unit according to the present embodiment into the system, it is possible to create a basal fertilizer map without depending on personal skill or the like.

(Second Embodiment)
Although the present invention corrects the amount of basal fertilizer, it often takes time and effort to measure the actual amount of basal fertilizer on which the correction is applied. Therefore, in the second embodiment of the present invention, this problem is solved. That is, in the second embodiment, the fertilizer applicator set value is used without using the actual basal fertilizer amount. The fertilizer applicator set value is the set value of the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator. For example, if the amount of fertilizer is planned to be 50 kg / 10a based on the weight of fertilizer and the knob for adjusting the amount of fertilizer and the opening value are set to 4, the set value of the fertilizer application machine is 4.
The actual basal fertilizer amount and the correction amount in the first embodiment can all be replaced with the fertilizer applicator set values, and the fertilizer applicator set values can be the target of the correction.

FIG. 8 is a diagram summarizing the gist of the fertilizer applicator set value calculation technique according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of a basal fertilizer amount calculation device for crops according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer of a crop according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 3 and shows the correspondence relationship of processing with a code obtained by adding 10 of the code of the corresponding step.
As shown in FIG. 8, to create a fertilizer machine setpoint map _{D 1} (T11), to measure the measurement item (T13). Next, the set value correction amount ΔD ₁ is calculated (T14), and D _{n + 1} = D _n + ΔD _n is calculated (T15). Then, the process proceeds to the next cycle (n + 1) (returns to T11).
As shown in FIG. 9, the basal fertilizer amount calculation device B according to the present embodiment includes a set value map creation unit 2, a measurement item measurement unit 8, a target / actual comparison unit 12, and a set value correction amount calculation unit 16. , And a set value map update unit 18. In addition, it has a storage unit (not shown).
The details of the processing will be described below.

1) Method of creating the fertilizer set values in FIGS. 4 to 7 For example, in the measurement item measuring unit 8 of FIG. 9, a test in which the fertilizer set values are set in several stages is performed, and the yield, the degree of lodging, and the grain of each are set. By measuring the protein content, NDVI, etc., it is possible to create a diagram in which the vertical axis of FIGS. 4 to 7 is replaced with the set value of the fertilizer applicator. By regression analysis, NA of Equation 3, Equation 5, Equation 7, and Equation 9 was replaced with D, and ΔNBy, ΔNUv, ΔNUp, and ΔNBndvix of Equation 4, Equation 6, Equation 8, and Equation 10 were corrected for the basic fertilizer setting value, respectively. Replace with the amount ΔDBy, the upper limit fertilizer set value correction amount ΔDUv by the combine standardization rate, the upper limit fertilizer set value correction amount ΔDUp by the grain protein content, and the basic fertilizer set value correction amount ΔDndivx by NDVIX.
From these, the set value correction amount calculation unit 16 corresponds to ΔN (1) in T14 of FIG. 8 according to S14-1 to 3 and S15 and S16-1 to 4 of FIG. 10 as in the first embodiment. The provisional fertilizer applicator set value correction amount ΔD (1) is obtained. Next, in S17 and S18-1 to 3, the upper limit ΔD, which is the upper limit of the fertilizer set value correction amount, and the lower limit ΔD, which is the lower limit, are compared with each other to obtain the fertilizer set value correction amount ΔD. By using ΔD, the set value map update unit 18 obtains the set value of the next fertilizer applicator as in the method of the first embodiment.
D _{n + 1i} = D _ni + ΔD _ni
The advantage of the method of the second embodiment as compared with the first embodiment is that it eliminates the need to measure the nitrogen absorption of crops that are difficult for farmers to carry out, including the preparation of formulas 3 to 10. The correction process is completed only by using a machine capable of measuring the yield, the degree of lodging, the grain protein content, the NDVI, and the like.

2) Method of converting the actual basal fertilizer amount N _ni to the fertilizer setting value D _ni and ΔN _ni to ΔD _ni For example, FIGS. 4 to 7 are left as the processing of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to use a method of replacing N _ni with D _{ni and converting ΔN ni} to ΔD _ni.
Here, D is the set value of the fertilizer applicator, the amount of fertilizer applied in the instruction manual at the set value is ND, and the function is D = p (ND) (Equation 11).
And.
When converting the correction amount ΔN to the set value correction amount ΔD using the function p,
If q = dP / dND (differential value or difference value),
ΔD _ni = q × ΔN _ni (Equation 12)
Will be.
D _{n + 1i} = D _ni + ΔD _ni
This method 2) has an advantage that it is not necessary to carry out an experiment again as in the method 1), and if there are existing equations 4 to 10, the experimental results can be diverted.

The above processing and control can be performed by software processing by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), by ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field Programmable Hardware).
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the configurations and the like shown in the drawings are not limited to these, and can be appropriately changed within the range in which the effects of the present invention are exhibited. In addition, it can be appropriately modified and implemented as long as it does not deviate from the scope of the object of the present invention.
In addition, each component of the present invention can be arbitrarily selected, and an invention having the selected configuration is also included in the present invention.

The present invention can be used for a basal fertilizer amount calculation device.

A basal fertilizer amount calculation device 1 basal fertilizer map creation unit 2 set value map creation unit 5 actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 7 measurement item measurement unit 8 measurement item measurement unit 11 target / actual comparison unit 12 target / actual comparison unit 15 basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit 16 Set value correction amount calculation unit 17 Base fertilizer map update unit 18 Set value map update unit

Claims (8)

It is a basal fertilizer amount calculation device that calculates the basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen in the field.
A basal fertilizer map creation unit that inputs a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the amount of basal fertilizer,
A measurement item measurement unit that measures measurement items in the field,
A target / actual comparison unit that compares the target value of the measurement item with the actual value,
A basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit that calculates a basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target / actual comparison unit, and a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit.
It has a basal fertilizer map updating unit that updates the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit.
A basal fertilizer amount calculation device characterized in that the basal fertilizer amount is converged to an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the procedures of applying basal fertilizer, measuring measurement items which are growth results, and correcting the basal fertilizer amount. The measurement items are
The target items that have target values that are not the upper and lower limits and are the basis of correction are required items.
An upper limit item having an upper limit value or a target value of a lower limit value and determining an upper limit of a correction amount and a lower limit item having a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determining a lower limit of a correction amount are available as arbitrary items. death,
A function that determines the correction amount for the target item and a correction value based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the target item, and an upper limit correction amount and a lower limit correction based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. The basal fertilizer amount calculation device according to claim 1, wherein the correction amount is determined in comparison with the amount. The basal fertilizer amount calculation device according to claim 2, wherein a conflict processing method when the upper limit item and the lower limit item conflict with each other is determined. If the crop is paddy rice
The target item is yield,
The basal fertilizer amount calculation device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the upper limit item is the degree of lodging of the crop in the field and the grain protein content of the crop. If the crop is wheat
The target item is yield,
The upper limit item is the degree of lodging of the crop in the field.
The basal fertilizer amount calculation device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the lower limit item is the grain protein content of the crop. It is a basal fertilizer amount calculation device that calculates the basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen in the field.
The fertilizer setting value map creation unit that inputs the fertilizer setting value map showing the relationship between the field area and the fertilizer setting value,
A measurement item measurement unit that measures measurement items in the field,
A target / actual comparison unit that compares the target value of the measurement item with the actual value,
Based on the comparison result in the target / actual comparison unit, the fertilizer setting value correction amount calculation unit calculates the fertilizer setting value correction amount, and the fertilizer setting value correction amount calculation unit.
It has a fertilizer setting value map update unit that updates the fertilizer setting value map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the fertilizer setting value correction amount calculation unit.
A basal fertilizer amount calculation device characterized in that it converges to an appropriate fertilizer setting value by repeating the procedures of applying basal fertilizer, measuring measurement items that are growth results, and correcting the fertilizer setting value. It is a basal fertilizer amount calculation method that calculates the basal fertilizer amount which is the basal fertilizer nitrogen amount to the field.
A basal fertilizer map input step for inputting a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the amount of basal fertilizer,
Measurement item measurement steps for measuring measurement items in the field, and
A target / actual comparison step for comparing the target value of the measurement item with the actual value, and
A basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step for calculating the basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target / actual comparison step, and
It has a basal fertilizer map update step of updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step.
A basal fertilizer amount calculation method characterized in that the basal fertilizer amount is converged to an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the procedures of applying basal fertilizer, measuring measurement items which are growth results, and correcting the basal fertilizer amount. It is a basal fertilizer amount calculation program that calculates the basal fertilizer amount to the field.
On the computer
A basal fertilizer map input step for inputting a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the amount of basal fertilizer,
Measurement item measurement steps that set measurement items in the field, and
A target / actual comparison step for comparing the target value of the measurement item with the actual value, and
A basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step for calculating the basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target / actual comparison step, and
The basal fertilizer map update step of updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step is executed.
A basal fertilizer amount calculation program characterized in that the basal fertilizer amount is converged to an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the procedures of applying basal fertilizer, measuring measurement items which are growth results, and correcting the basal fertilizer amount.

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