JP2023115085A - Basal fertilizer amount arithmetic unit, basal fertilizer amount arithmetic method, and basal fertilizer amount arithmetic program - Google Patents

Abstract

To accurately calculate an amount of basal fertilizer for achieving a cultivation goal without the need for soil analysis for each farm field, etc. by only repeating procedures of applying basal fertilizer, measuring a measurement item as a result of growth, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer.SOLUTION: A basal fertilizer amount arithmetic unit that performs arithmetic processing of an amount of basal fertilizer, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen to a field, comprises: a basal fertilizer map-creating part that inputs a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between an area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer; a measurement item-measuring part that sets a measurement item in the field; a target/result comparison part that compares a target value of the measurement item with an actual value; a basal fertilizer correction amount arithmetic part that arithmetically processes a basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/result comparison part, and a basal fertilizer map-updating part that updates the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount arithmetic part. The amount of basal fertilizer is adjusted to an appropriate level by repeating the procedures of applying the basal fertilizer, measuring a measurement item as a result of growth, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a basal fertilizer amount calculation technique for grains and the like.

In crop production, the main goal is to obtain high quality and high yield without lodging the crop. Variable fertilization technology, one of the smart agricultural technologies, is a technology that aims to achieve these goals using advanced technology.
For example, in Patent Document 1, basic fertilization is applied to a cultivation area at the time of seeding in accordance with a basic yield smaller than the maximum yield, and additional fertilization is applied to a limited area. The amount of growth produced in the cultivation area and the top-dressing area is measured for a predetermined period from the beginning of growth, and the measured value in the cultivation area is compared with the measured value in the top-dressing area. When the growth in the additional fertilization area exceeds the growth in the cultivation area, additional fertilizer is added in an amount corresponding to the difference in the amount of growth.

Japanese Patent Application No. 10-56882

Although the machines required for variable basal fertilization have been put into practical use, there is no proposal for a standard method that anyone can create a basal fertilization map from the obtained data. It is the current situation that it is created based on.
An object of the present invention is to accurately determine the amount of basal fertilizer that achieves a cultivation target without requiring soil analysis or the like for each field. The amount of basal fertilizer indicates the amount of nitrogen in the basal fertilizer.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a basal fertilizer amount calculation device for performing arithmetic processing of a basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen to be applied to a field, wherein a basal fertilizer map indicating the relationship between the area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer is input. A map creation unit, a measurement item measurement unit that measures measurement items in a field, a target/result comparison unit that compares the target values and actual values of the measurement items, and based on the comparison results of the target/result comparison unit a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit that calculates a basal fertilizer correction amount, and a basal fertilizer map update unit that updates the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit, and applying basal fertilizer, There is provided a basal fertilizer amount calculation device characterized by converging to an appropriate amount of basal fertilizer by repeating the procedure of measuring the measurement items, which are growth results, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer.

According to the above method, even if conditions such as cultivar characteristics, soil fertility, weather, etc. are unknown, it is possible to converge to the optimum amount of basal fertilizer by repeating the treatment due to the concept of feedback control using cultivation results. . Moreover, the basal fertilizer map showing the position dependency of the amount of basal fertilizer can be optimized.

The measurement item has a target value other than the upper limit value and the lower limit value, and the target item that is the basis of correction is an essential item, and the upper limit item that has the target value of the upper limit value or the lower limit value and determines the upper limit of the correction amount; A lower limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the lower limit of the correction amount, and a function that determines the correction amount with respect to the target item and the target value and the measured value of the target item. It is preferable to determine the correction amount by comparing the correction value based on the difference with the upper limit correction amount and the lower limit correction amount based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. It is preferable to set one target item.

A conflict processing method may be determined when the upper limit item and the lower limit item conflict with each other. As a conflict resolution method, it is conceivable that an item to be prioritized is determined, an average value of the upper limit correction amount and the lower limit correction amount is adopted, and the like.

When the crop is paddy rice, for example, it is conceivable to set the yield as the target item, and the combine standardization speed and grain protein content, which are indicators of the degree of lodging of the crop in the field, as the upper limit items.
When the crop is wheat, for example, it is conceivable to set the yield as the target item, the combine standardization speed, which is an index of the lodging degree of the crop in the field, as the upper limit item, and the grain protein content as the lower limit item. be done.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a basal fertilizer amount calculation method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to a field, wherein a basal fertilizer map indicating the relationship between the area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer is input. A basal fertilizer map creation step, a measurement item measurement step of measuring measurement items in a field, a target/result comparison step of comparing target values and actual values of the measurement items, and a comparison result in the target/result comparison step and a basal fertilizer map updating step of updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculating step. , measurement of measurement items as growth results, and correction of the amount of basal fertilizer are repeated to converge to an appropriate amount of basal fertilizer.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a basal fertilizer amount calculation program for calculating a basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen to be applied to a field, wherein a computer is provided with a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer. a basal fertilizer map creation step of inputting; a measurement item creation step of setting measurement items in the field; a target/result comparison step of comparing the target values and actual values of the measurement items; and the target/result comparison step. and a basal fertilizer map update step of updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculating step, based on the comparison result in A basal fertilizer amount calculation program characterized by converging to an appropriate amount of basal fertilizer by repeating the procedure of application of basal fertilizer, measurement of measurement items that are growth results, and correction of the amount of basal fertilizer.

According to the present invention, without the need for soil analysis or the like for each field, application of basal fertilizer, measurement of measurement items that are growth results, and correction of the amount of basal fertilizer are repeated, and the amount of basal fertilizer that leads to target growth is asymptotically accurate. You can ask well.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the figure which put together the gist of the basal fertilizer amount calculation technique by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing one configuration example of a crop basal fertilizer amount computing device according to the present embodiment; FIG. 4 is a flow chart diagram showing the flow of processing of the method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer for crops according to the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between a yield, a nitrogen absorption amount, and a basal-fertilization correction amount (DELTA)Ny. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between combine standardization speed (index of lodging degree), nitrogen absorption amount, and basal fertilizer upper limit correction amount (DELTA)NUv. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between brown rice protein content rate, nitrogen absorption amount, and basal fertilizer upper limit correction amount (DELTA)NUp. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between NDVI×vegetation coverage ratio, which is an index of growth amount, nitrogen absorption amount, and basal fertilizer correction amount ΔNndvix. It is a figure which put together the gist of the fertilizer applicator setting value calculation technique by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows one structural example of the fertilizer setting value calculating apparatus of the crop by 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart figure which shows the flow of processing of the fertilizer applicator setting value calculation method of the crop by 2nd Embodiment.

First, the prior art has, for example, the following characteristics.
1) Determining the standard basal fertilizer amount for each variety Perform several years of testing at a limited location such as a test site to determine the standard basal fertilizer amount.
2) Analyze the soil for available nitrogen.
3) Determine the amount of basal fertilizer from the standard amount of basal fertilizer and available nitrogen.

Such prior art has the following problems.
1) A soil analysis is required for each field, which is costly and time-consuming.
2) The determined amount of basal fertilizer may not be appropriate due to differences in weather conditions, field conditions, etc. from the place where the standard amount of basal fertilizer was determined.

Hereinafter, the gist of the basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram summarizing the gist of the basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present embodiment.
The basal fertilizer amount calculation technique shown in FIG. 1 is based on the following concept.
1) First (first) basal fertilizer mapping NP ₁ (T1)
The basal fertilizer map is a map that shows the relationship between the position (measurement point, etc.) and the amount of basal fertilizer in the field. ) is also acceptable. Let NP _1i be the amount of basal fertilizer at point i.
2) Acquisition of actual basal fertilizer map N ₁ (T2)
Assuming that the actual basal fertilizer amount is m _1i times the planned basal fertilizer amount, N _1i can be obtained by the following formula.
N _1i = m _1i × NP _1i (formula 1)
The actual basal fertilizer map _N1 is a map in which the _N1i are arranged on the map.
3) Data acquisition of measurement items (T3)
Measurement items include, for example, the items shown in T3.
4) Calculation of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN ₁ (T4)
5) Update basal fertilizer map (T5)
NP _2i can be determined by Equation 2 below.
NP _2i = N _1i + ΔN _1i (Formula 2)
The second basal fertilizer map NP ₂ is the NP _2i arranged on the map.
6) By continuing the above processes 2)→4)→5) for several years (several times), the amount of basal fertilizer can be converged to an optimum amount. The measurement items are set at the first time.
According to the above method, even if conditions such as cultivar characteristics, soil fertility, weather, etc. are unknown, it is possible to converge to the optimum amount of basal fertilizer by repeating the treatment due to the concept of feedback control using cultivation results. .
7) The unit for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer may be an area, a field, or one measuring point (mesh: 10 m x 10 m, etc.).
It is desirable that the conditions within the calculation unit be uniform. In that case, it is possible to converge on the optimum amount of basal fertilizer for each calculation unit without conducting soil analysis or cultivation test.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing one configuration example of the crop basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the flow of processing of the crop basal fertilizer amount calculation method according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, the basal fertilizer amount calculation device A according to the present embodiment includes a basal fertilizer map creation unit 1, an actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 5, a measurement item measurement unit 7, a target/result comparison unit 11, and a basal fertilizer It has a correction amount calculator 15 and a basal fertilizer map updater 17 . In addition, it has a storage unit (not shown) and the like.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the basal fertilizer amount calculation processing procedure according to the present embodiment, first, when processing is started (Start), measurement items are set (step S1).

1. Setting example of measurement items (step S1)
1-1) Determination of measurement items Based on the cultivation target and available machines, determine the measurement items to be used for determining the amount of basal fertilizer correction. Items to be measured may include yield, degree of lodging, grain protein content, and the like.
1-2) Specify the type of measurement item As the type of each measurement item, specify either the target item, the upper limit item, the lower limit item, or the upper and lower limit items.
1-2-1) Target item: It has a function that determines the basic correction amount (ΔNB) and a target value that is neither an upper limit value nor a lower limit value. Using this ΔNB as the basis of the correction amount, ΔN is determined by correcting with the upper limit correction amount, the lower limit correction amount, the upper limit ΔN, and the lower limit ΔN. One must be specified. The target item is, for example, the yield.
1-2-2) Upper limit item: It has a function of upper limit correction amount (ΔNU) and target value of upper limit or lower limit. For example, the degree of lodging of crops (combine standardization speed as an index, etc.) and protein content of brown rice.
1-2-3) Lower limit item: It has a function of lower limit correction amount (ΔNL) and target value of upper limit or lower limit. For example, wheat protein content.
1-2-4) Upper and lower limit items: Upper and lower limit items having target values of the upper limit correction amount function, the lower limit correction amount function, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value may be set.
Here, always create one target item.

2. A function, a target value, and an order of priority are determined for each item (step S4).
A function may be a straight line, a stepped shape, a polygonal line, a curved line, or the like. For example, a function may be used in which the correction amount is 1 when it is less than the target, and the correction amount is 0 when it is above the target. That is, it does not necessarily have to be a function based on experiments.
Also, if there are an upper limit item and a lower limit item, it is preferable to determine the conflict processing in the case of conflict with ΔNU<ΔNL. Conflict processing can be done by determining priority items, adopting the average value of ΔNU and ΔNL, and the like.
The basal fertilizer map creating section 1 inputs the first basal fertilizer map NP ₁ (step S2).
Next, the actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 5 converts the basal fertilizer map NP _n into the actual basal fertilizer map N _n (n=1, 2, 3, . . . ) in consideration of the actual basal fertilizer amount.
Next, the measurement item measuring section 7 measures the measurement items in step S3. In step S4 (S4-1, S4-2, S4-3), correction amounts are calculated as follows based on the measurement items measured by the measurement item measuring unit 7. FIG.

3. The target/result comparison unit 11 makes a comparison (step S4), and calculates a basal fertilizer amount correction amount for each item.
3-1) Target Item (Step S4-1): ΔNB is calculated by applying the target value-measured value to a function that determines ΔNB.
3-2) Upper limit item (step S4-2): ΔNU is calculated by applying the target value-measured value to a function that determines ΔNU.
3-3) Lower limit item (step S4-3): ΔNL is calculated by applying the target value-measured value to a function that determines ΔNL.
3-4) Although not shown, for example, upper and lower limit items: target value-measured value may be applied to a function for determining ΔNU and a function for determining ΔNL to calculate ΔNU and ΔNL.

Next, the basal fertilizer correction amount calculator 15 corrects the basal fertilizer amount in the direction of achieving the cultivation target based on the comparison result (S6-1 to 4, S7, S8-1 to 8-3).
A calculation process for the correction amount ΔN will be described below.

4. Determination of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN 4-1) Determination of provisional correction amount ΔN(1) Compare ΔNB, ΔNU, and ΔNL (step S5) to determine provisional correction amount ΔN(1) (S6-1 to S6-4 )
If ΔNL≦ΔNB≦ΔNL, ΔNB is adopted (step S6-1).
If ΔNB>ΔNU, ΔNU is adopted (step S6-2).
If ΔNB<ΔNL, ΔNL is adopted (step S6-3).
If ΔNU<ΔNL, conflict processing is performed (step S6-4).
4-2) Determination of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN (S7, steps S8-1 to S8-3)
ΔN(1) determined in 4-1) is applied to the final upper limit ΔN and lower limit ΔN as necessary. The upper limit .DELTA.N and the lower limit .DELTA.N are values set in advance to avoid excessive correction, and are different from .DELTA.NU and .DELTA.NL, which vary depending on the measured values of the measurement items.
If the lower limit ΔN≦ΔN(1)≦the upper limit ΔN, ΔN(1) is adopted.
If ΔN(1)>upper limit ΔN, the upper limit ΔN is adopted.
If ΔN(1)<lower limit ΔN, the lower limit ΔN is adopted.
The processing after steps S8-1 to S8-3 is omitted in FIG. 3, but returns from T5 (updating the basal fertilizer map) to T1 (repeating the processing with a new basal fertilizer map) in FIG.
The position to return from step S8 is step S1 (when updating the measurement item, the target value of the measurement item, and the function) or step S2 (when the measurement item is not changed).

(Specific example of calculation of provisional correction amount ΔN(1))
A specific example of calculation of the provisional correction amount ΔN(1) according to the above procedure will be described below. 1 to 3 and 1. above, as appropriate. From the setting example of the measurement item, the above 4. Refer to the description of the determination up to the determination of the provisional correction amount ΔN(1).

(1) Correction amount calculation 1-1) Measurement items are combinations of the items illustrated in T3 of FIG.
1-2) Set the type, function, target value, etc. for each measurement item, as exemplified in the table to be described later.
Specify the type of target item, upper limit item, etc. according to the characteristics of the measurement item.
It is desirable to set appropriate functions as setting items based on experimental data. However, a function that is not based on experimental data, such as a stepwise function, may be set. For example, one feature of the present invention is that a simple function may be set such that the yield is the target item, the correction amount is 1 when the yield is less than the target, and the correction amount is 0 when the yield is above the target.
1-3) Calculate the correction amount of the basal fertilizer amount for each measurement item.
1-4) ΔNB, ΔNU, and ΔNL are compared to determine provisional correction amount ΔN(1).
ΔN(1) basically adopts the value ΔNB of the target item, and is corrected by ΔNU and ΔNL. As in steps S4 to S6, the handling of the calculated correction value is changed according to the type of measurement item.

(2) Examples of functions for each item 2-1) Measurement items Measurement items can be yield, combine standardization speed (one index of degree of lodging), and grain protein content. In the case of staple edible rice, it is preferable to aim for the target yield within a range in which the degree of lodging and the grain protein content are below the upper limits. Growth sensing items such as normalized vegetation index (NDVI) are not used for ΔN calculation in this example, but examples of functions are shown.

2-2) Yield Yield is the target item. Then, when the actual measured yield is less than the target yield, the amount of basal fertilizer is increased by the nitrogen amount corresponding to the yield difference.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between yield and nitrogen absorption amount, and between yield and basic correction amount ΔNBy.
It was found that the nitrogen absorption amount NA can be simply regressed with respect to the yield Y (g/m ² ) as shown in Equation 3 below.
NA (g/m ² ) = 0.0176 x Y + 0.6476 (equation 3)

Assuming that the target yield (see the downward black arrow) is 570 g/m ² and the fertilizer efficiency (the ratio of the amount of nitrogen absorbed to the amount of nitrogen applied) is k=1, as shown in FIG.
For Y<570:
ΔNBy=0.0176×(570−Y)/k=0.0176×(570−Y) (Formula 4) When Y≧570:
ΔNBy=0
is.

As described above, the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield can be obtained using the regression equation.
In addition, when calculating ΔN only by yield or when the purpose is to reduce fertilizer, do not divide the cases in Equation 4. If the yield exceeds the target, reduce the amount of basal fertilizer to prevent lodging and reduce fertilizer. It is also possible to plan

k is usually a value of the order of 0.3. However, in order to avoid excessive correction, k=1 to 2 may be set and the calculation may be performed over several years so as to approach the optimum amount of basal fertilizer. Yield is affected by the weather conditions of the year, so the target yield may be not only an absolute value but also a relative value such as the average value, median value, third quartile, etc. of the year. .

2-3) Combine standardized speed Combine standardized speed (herein defined as the relative value of the combine speed at the target location with respect to the combine speed in the reference field that is not lodged.) Is used as an indicator of the lodging degree of crops. can be done. This is because the speed of the combine decreases as the degree of lodging increases. The degree of lodging is an upper limit item because it has a target upper limit and is an item that determines the upper limit of the basal fertilizer correction amount. On the other hand, the combine standardization speed has a negative relationship with the degree of lodging, so it is an upper limit item with a lower limit target (the downward black arrow in FIG. 5 = 0.7 is the lower limit target).
FIG. 5 : is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between combine standardization speed (lodging degree), nitrogen absorption, and combine standardization speed, and upper limit correction amount (DELTA)NUv. As shown in FIG. 5, the nitrogen uptake NA could be simply regressed at the combine normalization rate V as shown in Equation 5 below.
NA=−7.1321×V+17.159 (equation 5)

Here, assuming that the target standardized speed is 0.7 and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, ΔNUv is expressed by Equation 6 below.
ΔNUv = -7.1321 x (0.7-V) (Formula 6)
As described above, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv based on the standardized speed of the combine can be obtained using a regression equation.

In addition, when the yield is lower than the target, it is corrected to an increase, and there is a possibility that the degree of lodging will increase. Even when the standardized speed is higher than the target (the degree of lodging is small), the upper limit of the correction amount can be set in terms of the degree of lodging by calculating ΔNUv using Equation 6. Therefore, excessive increase correction amount can be prevented. It is also possible to use another measurement item such as the combine speed itself or the height of the crop instead of the standardized speed of the combine as an index of lodging degree.

2-4) Correction of Grain Protein Content The higher the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen, the higher the grain protein content.
By the way, depending on the crop, there may be an upper limit or a lower limit for the grain protein content required for quality.
For example, when the protein content of brown rice is high, the taste deteriorates, so there are cases where an upper limit is set for the protein content of brown rice in cultivation of good-tasting rice. Here, an example in which the protein content of brown rice is set as the upper limit item is shown.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the protein content of brown rice and the nitrogen absorption amount, and the relationship between the protein content of brown rice and the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp. As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the nitrogen absorption can be simply regressed with the brown rice protein content.
From FIG. 6, if the brown rice protein content is P, the nitrogen absorption amount NA can be obtained by the following formula. NA=3.1395×P−8.9885 (equation 7)

Also, when the target value of brown rice protein content is 6.0 (the value of the downward black arrow is the upper limit target) and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, Equation 8 is obtained.
ΔNUp = 3.1395 x (6.0-P) (Formula 8)
As described above, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp based on the grain protein content can be obtained using a regression equation.

2-5) Correction by NDVI, etc. (example of function)
When a yield combine cannot be used, it is also possible to correct the amount of basal fertilizer using NDVI (Normalized Vegetation Index), which is an indicator of the amount of growth obtained by satellites, drones, or the like.
The NDVI value is an index indicating the amount of growth of plants and the like, and can be obtained by (IR-R)/(IR+R).
Here, R is the reflectance of visible light, IR is the reflectance of near-infrared light, and the NDVI value is a value between +1 and -1.

In this case, it is a target item. In addition, lodging due to overgrowth or disease due to excessive nitrogen may be the cause of the yield being lower than the target. In that case, correction based on yield will result in an increase correction, but in reality the amount of basal fertilizer must be reduced. When the combine standardization rate is not used, the amount of basal fertilizer can be appropriately corrected even in such a case by combining the yield and NDVI. If the purpose is to prevent overgrowth, the item should be the upper limit. Since the amount of growth is affected by climate change, relative values such as the average value, median value, third quartile, etc. of the year may be used.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between NDVI×vegetation coverage and nitrogen absorption and NDVI×vegetation coverage and basic correction amount ΔNBndvix. NDVI×vegetation coverage ratio is one of the indicators of the amount of growth obtained when NDVI is measured by a drone or the like.
As shown in FIG. 7, the nitrogen absorption can be regressed by a quadratic function of NDVI×vegetation coverage (denoted as NDVIX).
NA=104.67×NDVIX ² −21.216×NDVIX+2.2025 (equation 9)

Assuming that the target value of NDVIX is 0.3 and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, ΔNBndvix is as follows.
ΔNBndvix=(104.67×(0.3 ² −NDVIX ² )−21.216×(0.3−NDVIX) (Equation 10)
As described above, the basic correction amount .DELTA.NBndvix based on NDVI.times.vegetation coverage can be obtained using a regression equation.

(3) Calculation example of ΔN(1) Below, a calculation example of ΔN in the case of staple food paddy rice will be described.

Table 1 is a table showing examples of combinations of measurement items.
Example 1 uses the yield as the target item.
In Example 2, the target item is NDVI x vegetation coverage.
In Example 3, yield is the target item, and NDVI x vegetation cover rate is the upper limit item.
In Example 4, the yield is the target item, and the combine standard speed and grain protein content are the upper limit items.
Below are examples of calculations of ΔN(1) for various combinations of yield, protein content and combine normalization speed using the combination of Example 4 in Table 1.

Table 2 is a table showing an example of calculation of the provisional correction amount ΔN(1) assuming rice as a staple food. It is a table showing Table 2 also shows the result of the arithmetic processing up to obtaining P and the obtained interim correction amount ΔN(1) in the processing from steps S8-1 to S8-3 in FIG. The results obtained by subsequent arithmetic processing are omitted.
The shaded meaning of each item is shown in the last line.

In Case 1, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target of 570, so the basic correction amount based on the yield is 0 according to Equation (4). Since the combine standardized speed, which is the upper limit item, is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount is 2.1 according to Equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount is 1.6 according to Equation (8).
Since ΔNBy is smaller than the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv and ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in case 1 is ΔNBy=0.0 and ΔN(1)=0.0.

In Case 2, the yield is 500, which is lower than the target of 570, so the basic correction amount based on the yield is 1.2 according to Equation (4). Since the combine standardized speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount is 1.4 according to Equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount is 1.6 according to Equation (8).
Since ΔNBy is smaller than the upper limit correction amounts ΔNUv and ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in case 2 is ΔNBy=1.2 and ΔN(1)=1.2.

In case 3, the yield is 470, which is below the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardized speed, which is the upper limit item, is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount is 2.1 according to Equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 according to Equation (8).
Since ΔNUp<ΔNBy<ΔNUv, the selected correction amount in case 3 is ΔNUp=1.6 and ΔN(1)=1.6.

In Case 4, the yield is 470, which is lower than the target of 570, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8 according to Equation (4). Since the standardized speed of the combine, which is the upper limit item, is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4 according to Equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 according to Equation (8).
Since ΔNUv<ΔNUp<ΔNBy, the selected correction amount in case 4 is ΔNUv=1.4 and ΔN(1)=1.4.

In Case 5, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target of 570. Therefore, according to Equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.0. Since the combine standardized speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is -1.4 from equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 according to Equation (8).
Since ΔNUv<ΔNBy<ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in case 5 is ΔNUv=-1.4 and ΔN(1)=-1.4.

In case 6, the yield is 500, which is below the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction value ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.2. Since the combine standardized speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is -1.4 from equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount is ΔNUp=-1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNUp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the selected correction amount in Case 6 is ΔNUp=−1.6 and ΔN(1)=−1.6.

In Case 7, the yield is 500, which is below the target of 570, so the correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.2 according to Equation (4). Since the combine standardized speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.3, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −2.9 from equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is -1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNUv<ΔNUp<ΔNBy, the correction amount selected in case 7 is ΔNUv=-2.9 and ΔN(1)=-2.9.

In case 8, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target of 570, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.0 from equation (4). Since the standardized combine speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.7, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 0.0 from equation (6). Since the protein content rate, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is -1.6 from equation (8).
ΔNUp<ΔNBy=ΔNUv, the selected correction amount in case 8 is ΔNUp=−1.6, and ΔN(1)=−1.6.
As explained above, in various cases, it is possible to obtain an appropriate correction amount for the basal fertilizer.

Table 3 is a table showing an example of calculation of the provisional correction amount ΔN(1) assuming wheat for noodles. Alternate treatments also favored combine normalization speed over protein content.
Table 3 also shows the result of the arithmetic processing up to obtaining P and the resulting provisional correction amount ΔN(1) in the processing from steps S8-1 to S8-3 in FIG. The results obtained by subsequent arithmetic processing are omitted.
The shaded meaning of each item is shown in the last line.

In Case 1, the yield is 450, which exceeds the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is zero. Since the combine standardized speed is 1.0 (0.7 is the target lower limit), the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 11.0 (10.0 is the target lower limit), the lower limit correction amount .DELTA.NLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNBy<ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNBy=0.

In Case 2, the yield is 350, which is below the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardized speed is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNBy<ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNBy=0.9.

In Case 3, the yield is 300, which is below the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardized speed is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is −3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the correction amount is ΔNUv=1.4.

In Case 4, the yield is 450, which exceeds the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is zero. Since the combine standardized speed is 0.6, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −0.7. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is −3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the correction amount is ΔNUv=-0.7.

In Case 5, the yield is 350, which is below the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardized speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.5, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 1.6. Since ΔNBy<ΔNLp<ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNLp=1.6.

In Case 6, the yield is 350, which is below the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine normalized speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUBv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 3.1. Since ΔNBy<ΔNUv<ΔNLp and priority is given to ΔNUv as conflict processing, the correction amount is ΔNUv=2.1.

In Case 7, the yield is 250, which is below the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 2.6. Since the combine standardized speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 3.1. Since ΔNUv<ΔNBy<ΔNLp and priority is given to ΔNUv as a conflicting process, the correction value is ΔNUv=2.1.

In Case 8, the yield is 350, which is below the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardized speed is 0.6, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −0.7. Since the protein content is 10.5, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -1.6. Since ΔNLp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the correction value is ΔNUv=-0.7.

As described above, ΔN(1) can be calculated in the case of rice for staple food and wheat for noodles.
Yield, which is a target item, depends on crops, varieties, cultivation areas, etc., but is preferably 420 kg/10a, more preferably 720 kg/10a for staple food paddy rice.
In addition, the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more.
Also, the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is preferably 7.0% or less, more preferably 6.0% or less.

The basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present embodiment can be used to create a variable basal fertilizer map. Then, without the need for soil analysis or the like for each field, the amount of basal fertilizer that achieves the cultivation target can be obtained asymptotically with high accuracy simply by repeating the procedure of applying basal fertilizer, measuring the measurement items that are the results of growth, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer. be able to.
If the machine used for variable basal fertilizer and the measurement item data are integrated with the field management system, etc., it can be used as an integrated system. By incorporating the arithmetic unit according to the present embodiment into the system, a basal fertilizer map can be created without depending on personal skill.

(Second embodiment)
Although the present invention corrects the amount of basal fertilizer, it often takes time and effort to measure the actual amount of basal fertilizer that is the basis for correction. Therefore, in the second embodiment of the present invention, this problem is solved. That is, in the second embodiment, the fertilizer applicator setting value is used without using the actual basal fertilizer amount. The fertilizer applicator set value is the set value of the amount of fertilizer applied by the fertilizer applicator. For example, if the fertilizer application amount is planned to be 50 kg/10a in terms of the weight of the fertilizer, and the machine has a knob for adjusting the fertilizer application amount and an opening value of 4, the fertilizer applicator setting value will be 4.
The actual basal fertilizer amount and the correction amount in the first embodiment can all be replaced with the fertilizer applicator set values, and the fertilizer applicator set values can be corrected.

FIG. 8 is a diagram summarizing the gist of the fertilizer applicator setting value calculation technique according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing one configuration example of the crop basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the flow of processing of the crop basal fertilizer amount calculation method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 3, and shows the correspondence of the processes with a code obtained by adding 10 to the code of the corresponding step.
As shown in FIG. 8, a fertilizer applicator setting value map _D1 is created (T11), and measurement items are measured (T13). Next, the set value correction amount ΔD ₁ is calculated (T14), and D _n+1 =D _n +ΔD _n is calculated (T15). Then, it proceeds to the next cycle (n+1) (returns to T11).
As shown in FIG. 9, the basal fertilizer amount calculation device B according to the present embodiment includes a set value map creation unit 2, a measurement item measurement unit 8, a target/result comparison unit 12, and a set value correction amount calculation unit 16. , and a set value map updating unit 18 . In addition, it has a storage unit (not shown) and the like.
Details of the processing will be described below.

1) Method of creating FIGS. 4 to 7 with fertilizer applicator setting values For example, in the measurement item measurement unit 8 in FIG. By measuring the protein content, NDVI, etc., it is possible to create graphs in which the vertical axes in FIGS. By regression analysis, NA in formulas 3, 5, 7, and 9 is replaced with D, and ΔNBy, ΔNUv, ΔNUp, and ΔNBndvix in formulas 4, 6, 8, and 10 are corrected to basic fertilizer applicator setting values. ΔDBy, upper limit fertilizer applicator set value correction amount ΔDUv based on combine standardized speed, upper limit fertilizer applicator set value correction amount ΔDUp based on grain protein content, and basic fertilizer applicator set value correction amount ΔDndivx based on NDVIX.
Based on these, the set value correction amount calculation unit 16 performs S14-1 to S14-3, S15, and S16-1 to S16-4 in FIG. 10 at T14 in FIG. A temporary fertilizer applicator set value correction amount ΔD(1) is obtained. Next, in S17 and S18-1 to S18-3, the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount ΔD is obtained by comparing with the upper limit ΔD, which is the upper limit of the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount, and the lower limit ΔD, which is the lower limit. By using ΔD, the setting value map update unit 18 obtains the next fertilizer applicator setting value in the same manner as in the method of the first embodiment.
D _{n+1 i} =D _ni +ΔD _ni
The advantage of the method of the second embodiment compared to the first embodiment is that it is unnecessary to measure the nitrogen absorption amount of crops, which is difficult for farmers to implement, including the creation of formulas 3 to 10. Correction processing can be completed only by using a machine capable of measuring yield, degree of lodging, grain protein content, NDVI, and the like.

2) Method of converting actual basal fertilizer amount N _ni to fertilizer applicator setting value D _ni and ΔN _ni to ΔD _ni For example, FIGS. It is also possible to use a method of replacing N _ni with D _ni and converting ΔN _ni into ΔD _ni .
Here, D is the set value of the fertilizer applicator, ND is the amount of fertilizer applied in the instruction manual at that set value, and the function is D = p (ND) (Equation 11)
and
When converting the correction amount ΔN into the set value correction amount ΔD using the function p,
If q=dP/dND (differential value or differential value),
ΔD _ni =q×ΔN _ni (equation 12)
becomes.
D _{n+1 i} =D _ni +ΔD _ni
This method 2) does not require a new experiment unlike the method 1), and has the advantage that the experimental results can be used if the existing equations 4 to 10 are available.

The above processing and control can be realized by software processing by CPU (Central Processing Unit) and GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), and hardware processing by ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). I can.
Moreover, in the above-described embodiment, the illustrated configurations and the like are not limited to these, and can be appropriately changed within the scope of exhibiting the effects of the present invention. In addition, it is possible to carry out by appropriately modifying the present invention as long as it does not deviate from the scope of the purpose of the present invention.
In addition, each component of the present invention can be selected arbitrarily, and the present invention includes an invention having a selected configuration.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a basal fertilizer amount calculator.

A Base fertilizer amount calculation device 1 Base fertilizer map creation unit 2 Set value map creation unit 5 Actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 7 Measurement item measurement unit 8 Measurement item measurement unit 11 Target/result comparison unit 12 Target/result comparison unit 15 Basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit 16 Set value correction amount calculator 17 Base fertilizer map updater 18 Set value map updater

Claims (7)

A basal fertilizer amount calculation device that performs arithmetic processing of the basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to the field,
a fertilizer applicator setting value map creation unit for inputting a fertilizer applicator setting value map showing the relationship between the field area and the fertilizer applicator setting value;
a measurement item measuring unit that measures measurement items in a field;
a target/actual comparison unit that compares target values and actual values of the measurement items;
a fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount calculation unit that calculates a fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/actual comparison unit;
a fertilizer applicator setting value map updating unit that updates the fertilizer applicator setting value map by reflecting the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount obtained by the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount calculation unit;
Convergence to an appropriate fertilizer applicator setting value by repeating the procedure of basal fertilizer application, measurement by the measurement item measurement unit of the measurement item that is the growth result, and correction of the fertilizer applicator setting value using the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount. A basal fertilizer amount computing device characterized by: The measurement items are
A target item that has a target value that is not the upper limit value or the lower limit value and is the basis of correction is a mandatory item,
Optional items include an upper limit item that has a target value of the upper limit value or the lower limit value and determines the upper limit of the correction amount, and a lower limit item that has the target value of the upper limit value or the lower limit value and determines the lower limit of the correction amount. death,
A function that determines a correction amount for the target item and a correction value based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the target item, and the upper limit correction amount and the lower limit correction based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. 2. The basal fertilizer amount calculation device according to claim 1, wherein the correction amount is determined by comparing with the amount. 3. The basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to claim 2, wherein a conflict processing method is determined when the upper limit item and the lower limit item contradict each other. If the crop is paddy rice,
the target item is yield;
4. The basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the upper limit item is the lodging degree of the crop in the field and the grain protein content of the crop. If the crop is wheat,
the target item is yield;
The upper limit item is the lodging degree of the crop in the field,
The basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the lower limit item is the grain protein content of crops. A basal fertilizer amount calculation method for calculating a basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to a field,
a fertilizer applicator setting value map creation step for inputting a fertilizer applicator setting value map showing the relationship between the field area and the fertilizer applicator setting value;
a measurement item measurement step of measuring measurement items in a field;
a target/actual comparison step of comparing target values and actual values of the measurement items;
a fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount calculation step of calculating a fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/actual comparison step;
a fertilizer applicator setting value map updating step of updating the fertilizer applicator setting value map by reflecting the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount obtained by the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount calculating step;
Convergence to an appropriate fertilizer applicator setting value by repeating the procedure of applying basal fertilizer, measuring the measurement item, which is the growth result, in the measurement item measurement step, and correcting the fertilizer applicator setting value using the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount. A basal fertilizer amount calculation method characterized by: A basal fertilizer amount calculation program for calculating a basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to a field,
a fertilizer applicator setting value map creation step of inputting to a computer a fertilizer applicator setting value map showing the relationship between the field area and the fertilizer applicator setting value;
a measurement item measurement step of measuring measurement items in a field;
a target/actual comparison step of comparing target values and actual values of the measurement items;
a fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount calculation step of calculating a fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/actual comparison step;
a fertilizer applicator setting value map updating step of updating the fertilizer applicator setting value map by reflecting the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount obtained by the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount calculating step;
Convergence to an appropriate fertilizer applicator setting value by repeating the procedure of applying basal fertilizer, measuring the measurement item, which is the growth result, in the measurement item measurement step, and correcting the fertilizer applicator setting value using the fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount. A basal fertilizer amount calculation program characterized by.

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