JP7429964B2 - Base fertilizer amount calculation device, basal fertilizer amount calculation method, and basal fertilizer amount calculation program - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a technique for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer for grains, etc.

In crop production, the main goal is to obtain high quality and high yields without crop lodging. Variable fertilization technology, one of the smart agricultural technologies, aims to achieve these goals using advanced technology.
For example, in Patent Document 1, basic fertilization is applied to a cultivation area at the time of sowing in accordance with a basic yield that is smaller than the maximum yield, and additional fertilizer is applied to a limited area. The amount of growth generated in the cultivation area and the topdressing area is measured during a predetermined period from the beginning of growth, and the measured value in the cultivation area is compared with the measured value in the topdressing area. If the growth in the top-dressing area exceeds the growth in the cultivation area, add fertilizer in an amount corresponding to the difference in the amount of growth.

Patent Application No. 10-56882

Although the machines necessary for variable basal fertilizer application have been put into practical use, there are no proposals for a standard method that allows anyone to create basal fertilizer maps from the obtained data, and for example, researchers have Currently, it is created based on this.
The present invention aims to accurately determine the amount of basal fertilizer that achieves cultivation targets without requiring soil analysis for each field. Note that the amount of basal fertilizer refers to the amount of nitrogen in the basal fertilizer.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a basal fertilizer amount calculation device that performs calculation processing of the amount of basal fertilizer, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to a field, and that inputs a basal fertilizer map that shows the relationship between the area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer. A map creation section, a measurement item measurement section that measures measurement items in the field, a target/performance comparison section that compares target values and actual values of the measurement items, and based on the comparison results in the target/performance comparison section. and a basal fertilizer correction amount calculating section that calculates a basal fertilizer correction amount, and a basal fertilizer map updating section that updates the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculating section, Provided is a basal fertilizer amount calculation device that converges to an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the steps of measuring measurement items that are growth results and correcting the basal fertilizer amount.

According to the above method, even if conditions such as cultivar characteristics, soil fertility, weather, etc. are unknown, it is possible to converge on the optimal amount of basal fertilizer by repeating the process based on the concept of feedback control using cultivation results. . Further, it is possible to optimize the basal fertilizer map showing the position dependence of the amount of basal fertilizer.

The measurement item has a target value that is not an upper limit value or a lower limit value, and a target item that is the basis of correction is an essential item, and an upper limit item that has a target value that is an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the upper limit of the correction amount; A lower limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the lower limit of the correction amount as an arbitrary item, and a function that determines the correction amount with respect to the target item and the target value and measured value of the target item. It is preferable to determine the correction amount by comparing a correction value based on the difference with an upper limit correction amount and a lower limit correction amount based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. It is preferable to set one goal item.

A conflict handling method may be determined when the upper limit item and the lower limit item conflict with each other. Possible conflict handling methods include determining the priority item, adopting the average value of the upper limit correction amount and the lower limit correction amount, and so on.

When the crop is paddy rice, for example, the yield may be set as the target item, and the combine standardization speed and grain protein content, which are indicators of the degree of lodging of the crop in the field, may be set as the upper limit items.
When the crop is wheat, for example, it is possible to set the yield as the target item, the combine standardization speed, which is an index of the level of crop lodging in the field, as the upper limit item, and the grain protein content as the lower limit item. It will be done.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a basal fertilizer amount calculation method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to a field, the method comprising inputting a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer. A basal fertilizer map creation step, a measurement item measurement step for measuring measurement items in the field, a target/performance comparison step for comparing target values and actual values of the measurement items, and a comparison result in the target/performance comparison step. a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step for calculating a basal fertilizer correction amount based on the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step, and a basal fertilizer map updating step for updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained in the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step, Provided is a method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer, which is characterized in that the amount of basal fertilizer is converged to an appropriate amount by repeating the steps of measuring measurement items that are growth results and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a basal fertilizer amount calculation program for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to a field, which provides a computer with a basal fertilizer amount map showing the relationship between the area of the field and the amount of basal fertilizer. a basal fertilizer map creation step for inputting information, a measurement item creation step for setting measurement items in the field, a target/actual performance comparison step for comparing target values and actual values of the measurement items, and the target/actual performance comparison step. Based on the comparison results in , a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step of calculating a basal fertilizer correction amount, and a basal fertilizer map updating step of updating the basal fertilizer map by reflecting the correction amount obtained in the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step. Provided is a basal fertilizer amount calculation program that converges on an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the steps of applying basal fertilizer, measuring measurement items as growth results, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer.

According to the present invention, there is no need for soil analysis for each field, and by simply repeating the application of basal fertilizer, measurement of measurement items that are growth results, and correction of the amount of basal fertilizer, the amount of basal fertilizer that will lead to the target growth can be determined with asymptotically accurate accuracy. You can ask well.

FIG. 2 is a diagram summarizing the basic fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of a basal fertilizer amount calculation device for crops according to the present embodiment. It is a flowchart figure showing the flow of processing of the method of calculating the amount of basal fertilizer for crops according to the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between yield, nitrogen absorption amount, and basal fertilizer correction amount (DELTA)Ny. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between combine standardization speed (index of degree of lodging), nitrogen absorption amount, and basal fertilizer upper limit correction amount ΔNUv. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between brown rice protein content, nitrogen absorption amount, and basal fertilizer upper limit correction amount ΔNUp. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between NDVI×vegetation coverage rate, which is an index of growth amount, nitrogen absorption amount, and basal fertilizer correction amount ΔNndvix. FIG. 3 is a diagram summarizing the gist of a fertilizer applicator setting value calculation technique according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of a crop fertilizer setting value calculation device according to a second embodiment. It is a flowchart figure which shows the flow of processing of the crop fertilizer setting value calculation method by 2nd Embodiment.

First, the conventional technology has the following characteristics, for example.
1) Determining the standard amount of basal fertilizer for each variety Conduct tests for several years in limited locations such as testing stations to determine the standard amount of basal fertilizer.
2) Analyze available nitrogen in the soil.
3) Determine the amount of basal fertilizer from the standard amount of basal fertilizer and available nitrogen.

Such conventional techniques have the following problems.
1) Soil analysis is required for each field, which is costly and time-consuming.
2) The determined amount of basal fertilizer may not be appropriate due to differences in weather conditions, field conditions, etc. from the location where the standard amount of basal fertilizer was determined.

Hereinafter, the gist of the basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram summarizing the basic fertilizer amount calculation technique according to the present embodiment.
The basal fertilizer amount calculation technique shown in FIG. 1 is based on the following idea.
1) First (initial) base map creation NP ₁ (T1)
A basal fertilizer map is a map that shows the relationship between the position in the field (measurement points, etc.) and the amount of basal fertilizer.The first creation example uses the conventional method of uniform fertilization using the conventional amount of basal fertilizer (the same amount of basal fertilizer is applied at all points). ) is also acceptable. Let the amount of basal fertilizer at point i be NP _1i .
2) Acquisition of actual basal fertilizer map N ₁ (T2)
Assuming that the actual amount of basal fertilizer is m _1i times the planned amount of basal fertilizer, N _1i can be calculated using the following formula.
N _1i = m _1i ×NP _1i (Formula 1)
The actual basal fertilizer map _N1 is the result of arranging _N1i on a map.
3) Acquisition of data for measurement items (T3)
Examples of measurement items include the item shown in T3.
4) Calculation of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN ₁ (T4)
5) Update base map (T5)
NP _2i can be determined using the following equation 2.
NP _2i = N _1i + ΔN _1i (Formula 2)
The second basic map NP ₂ is the NP _2i arranged on a map.
6) By continuing the above processes 2)→4)→5) for several years (several times), the amount of basal fertilizer can be converged to the optimum amount. Note that the measurement items are set at the first time.
According to the above method, even if conditions such as cultivar characteristics, soil fertility, weather, etc. are unknown, it is possible to converge on the optimal amount of basal fertilizer by repeating the process based on the concept of feedback control using cultivation results. .
7) The unit for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer may be a region, a field, or one measurement point (mesh: 10 m x 10 m, etc.).
Note that it is desirable that the conditions within the calculation unit be uniform. In that case, it is possible to converge on the optimal amount of basal fertilizer for each calculation unit without conducting soil analysis or cultivation tests.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the crop basal fertilizer amount calculation device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the processing flow of the crop basal fertilizer amount calculation method according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, the basal fertilizer amount calculation device A according to the present embodiment includes a basal fertilizer map creation section 1, an actual basal fertilizer map creation section 5, a measurement item measurement section 7, a target/actual performance comparison section 11, and a basal fertilizer amount calculation section 1. It has a correction amount calculating section 15 and a basal fertilizer map updating section 17. In addition, it has a storage section (not shown), etc.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the basal fertilizer amount calculation processing procedure according to the present embodiment, when the processing is started (Start), measurement items are set (Step S1).

1. Example of setting measurement items (step S1)
1-1) Determination of measurement items Based on the cultivation goals and available machinery, determine the measurement items to be used for determining the amount of basal fertilizer correction. Possible measurement items include yield, degree of lodging, and grain protein content.
1-2) Specify the type of measurement item Specify the target item, upper limit item, lower limit item, or upper/lower limit item as the type of each measurement item.
1-2-1) Target item: It has a function that determines the basic correction amount (ΔNB) and a target value that is not an upper limit value or a lower limit value. This ΔNB is used as the basis of the correction amount, and ΔN is determined by correcting the upper limit correction amount, the lower limit correction amount, the upper limit ΔN, and the lower limit ΔN. Be sure to specify one. The target item is, for example, yield.
1-2-2) Upper limit item: Has a function of the upper limit correction amount (ΔNU) and a target value for the upper limit or lower limit. For example, the degree of crop lodging (combiner standardization rate as an indicator, etc.) and brown rice protein content.
1-2-3) Lower limit item: Has a function of the lower limit correction amount (ΔNL) and a target value for the upper limit or lower limit. For example, wheat protein content.
1-2-4) Upper and lower limit items: Upper and lower limit items may be set that have an upper limit correction amount function, a lower limit correction amount function, and target values for the upper and lower limits.
Here, be sure to create one goal item.

2. A function, target value, and priority are determined for each item (step S4).
The function may be a straight line, step-like, polygonal line, curved line, etc. For example, a function may be used in which the correction amount = 1 when the value is less than the target, and the correction amount = 0 when the value is equal to or greater than the target. That is, it does not necessarily have to be a function based on experiments.
Furthermore, when there is an upper limit item and a lower limit item, it is good to decide how to handle the conflict when ΔNU<ΔNL. Conceivable conflict processing may include deciding which items should be prioritized, or using the average value of ΔNU and ΔNL.
The basal fertilizer map creation unit 1 inputs the first basal fertilizer map NP ₁ (step S2).
Next, the actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 5 converts the basal fertilizer map NP _n into an actual basal fertilizer map N _n in consideration of the actual basal fertilizer amount (n=1, 2, 3, . . . ).
Next, the measurement item measuring unit 7 measures the measurement item in step S3. In step S4 (S4-1, S4-2, S4-3), a correction amount is calculated as follows based on the measurement items measured by the measurement item measurement unit 7.

3. A comparison is made in the target/actual performance comparison section 11 (step S4), and a basal fertilizer amount correction amount is calculated for each item.
3-1) Target item (step S4-1): Calculate ΔNB by applying the target value-measured value to a function that determines ΔNB.
3-2) Upper limit item (step S4-2): Calculate ΔNU by applying the target value to the measured value to a function that determines ΔNU.
3-3) Lower limit item (step S4-3): Calculate ΔNL by applying the target value - measured value to a function that determines ΔNL.
3-4) Although not shown, for example, ΔNU and ΔNL may be calculated by applying the upper and lower limit items: target value - measured value to a function that determines ΔNU and a function that determines ΔNL.

Next, the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit 15 corrects the basal fertilizer amount in a direction to achieve the cultivation target based on the comparison result (S6-1 to 4, S7, S8-1 to 8-3).
The calculation process for the above correction amount ΔN will be explained below.

4. Determination of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN 4-1) Determination of provisional correction amount ΔN (1) Compare ΔNB, ΔNU, and ΔNL (step S5), and determine provisional correction amount ΔN (1) (S6-1 to S6-4 )
If ΔNL≦ΔNB≦ΔNL, ΔNB is adopted (step S6-1).
If ΔNB>ΔNU, ΔNU is adopted (step S6-2).
If ΔNB<ΔNL, ΔNL is adopted (step S6-3).
If ΔNU<ΔNL, conflict processing is performed (step S6-4).
4-2) Determination of basal fertilizer correction amount ΔN (S7, steps S8-1 to S8-3)
Apply ΔN(1) determined in 4-1) to the final upper limit ΔN and lower limit ΔN as necessary. The upper limit ΔN and the lower limit ΔN are values set in advance to avoid excessive correction, and are different from ΔNU and ΔNL, which vary depending on the measured value of the measurement item.
If lower limit ΔN≦ΔN(1)≦upper limit ΔN, ΔN(1) is adopted.
If ΔN(1)>upper limit ΔN, the upper limit ΔN is adopted.
If ΔN(1)<lower limit ΔN, the lower limit ΔN is adopted.
Although the processes after steps S8-1 to S8-3 are omitted in FIG. 3, the process returns from T5 (updating the basal fertilizer map) to T1 (repeat the process with a new basal fertilizer map) in FIG. 1.
Note that the position to return to from step S8 is step S1 (when updating the measurement item, target value of the measurement item, and function) or step S2 (when the measurement item is not changed).

(Specific example of calculation of provisional correction amount ΔN(1))
A specific example of calculating the provisional correction amount ΔN(1) according to the above procedure will be described below.
1 to 3 and 1. above as appropriate. From the measurement item setting example, see 4. above. Please refer to the explanation of the determination up to the determination of the provisional correction amount ΔN(1).

(1) Correction amount calculation 1-1) The measurement items are a combination of the items etc. exemplified in T3 of FIG.
1-2) Set the type, function, target value, etc. for each measurement item, as illustrated in the table below.
Specify the types of target items, upper limit items, etc. according to the characteristics of the measurement items.
As for the function as a setting item, it is desirable to set an appropriate function based on experimental data. However, a function that is not based on experimental data, such as a stepwise function, may be set. For example, one feature of the present invention is that a simple function may be set such that the yield is set as a target item and the correction amount is 1 when the yield is less than the target, and 0 when the yield is above the target.
1-3) Calculate the correction amount of basal fertilizer amount for each measurement item.
1-4) Compare ΔNB, ΔNU, and ΔNL to determine provisional correction amount ΔN(1).
Note that ΔN(1) basically adopts the value ΔNB of the target item, and is corrected by ΔNU and ΔNL. As shown in steps S4 to S6, the handling of the calculated correction value is changed depending on the type of measurement item.

(2) Example of function by item 2-1) Measurement item The measurement item can be yield, combine standardization rate (one index of lodging degree), and grain protein content. In the case of paddy rice for staple food, it is preferable to aim for the target yield within a range in which the degree of lodging and the grain protein content are below the upper limit. Growth sensing items such as the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) are not used in the ΔN calculation in this example, but an example of the function is shown.

2-2) Yield Yield is the target item. If the actual measured yield is lower than the target yield, the amount of basal fertilizer is increased by the amount of nitrogen corresponding to the difference in yield.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between yield and nitrogen absorption amount, and between yield and basic correction amount ΔNBy.
It has been found that the nitrogen absorption amount NA can be subjected to a simple regression with respect to the yield Y (g/m ² ) as shown in Equation 3 below.
NA (g/m ² )=0.0176×Y+0.6476 (Formula 3)

Assuming that the target yield (see the downward black arrow) is 570 g/m ² and the fertilizer efficiency (ratio of the amount of nitrogen absorbed to the amount of nitrogen applied) is k = 1, as shown in Figure 4,
If Y<570:
ΔNBy=0.0176×(570-Y)/k=0.0176×(570-Y) (Formula 4)
If Y≧570:
ΔNBy=0
It is.

As described above, the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield can be determined using the regression equation.
In addition, when calculating ΔN based only on yield or when the purpose is to reduce fertilizer, do not separate the cases using Equation 4, and if the yield exceeds the target, reduce the amount of basal fertilizer to prevent lodging and reduce fertilizer. It is also possible to

k usually has a value of about 0.3. However, in order to avoid excessive correction, k may be set to 1 to 2, and calculations may be performed over several years to approximate the optimum amount of basal fertilizer. Yield is affected by the weather conditions of the year, so the target yield can be determined not only by absolute values, but also by relative values such as the year's average, median, or third quartile. .

2-3) Standardized speed of the combine The standardized speed of the combine (defined herein as the relative value of the combine speed at the target location with respect to the combine speed of the reference field that is not lodging) can be used as an index of the degree of lodging of agricultural products. I can do it. This is because the greater the degree of lodging, the lower the combine harvester speed. The degree of lodging is an upper limit item because it has an upper limit target and is an item that determines the upper limit of the basal fertilizer correction amount. On the other hand, the combine standardization speed has a negative relationship with the degree of lodging, so it is an upper limit item with a lower limit target (the downward black arrow in FIG. 5 = 0.7 is the lower limit target).
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the combine standardization speed (lodging degree) and the nitrogen absorption amount, and the combine standardization speed and the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv. As shown in FIG. 5, the nitrogen absorption amount NA was able to be subjected to a simple regression as shown in Equation 5 below at the combine standardization speed V.
NA=-7.1321×V +17.159 (Formula 5)

Here, assuming that the target standardization speed is 0.7 and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, ΔNUv is expressed by the following equation 6.
ΔNUv=-7.1321×(0.7-V) (Formula 6)
As described above, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv based on the combine standardization speed can be determined using the regression equation.

In addition, if the yield is lower than the target, an increase will be required and the degree of lodging may increase. Even when the standardized speed is higher than the target (the degree of lodging is small), by calculating ΔNUv using Equation 6, it is possible to set the upper limit of the correction amount in terms of the degree of lodging. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase correction amount. Furthermore, instead of the standardized speed of the combine as an indicator of the degree of lodging, it is also possible to use other measurement items such as the speed of the combine itself or the height of the crop.

2-4) Correcting grain protein content When the basal fertilizer nitrogen content is high, grain protein content increases.
Incidentally, depending on the crop, there may be an upper limit or a lower limit to the grain protein content required for quality.
For example, if the brown rice protein content is high, the taste deteriorates, so in the cultivation of good-tasting rice, an upper limit may be set for the brown rice protein content. Here, an example is shown in which the brown rice protein content is set as the upper limit item.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between brown rice protein content and nitrogen absorption, and between brown rice protein content and upper limit correction amount ΔNUp. As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the nitrogen absorption amount can be regressed in a simple regression with the brown rice protein content.
From FIG. 6, if the brown rice protein content is P, the nitrogen absorption amount NA can be found by the following formula.
NA=3.1395×P-8.9885 (Formula 7)

Further, if the target value of brown rice protein content is 6.0 (the value indicated by the downward black arrow is the upper limit target) and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, then Equation 8 can be obtained.
ΔNUp=3.1395×(6.0-P) (Formula 8)
As described above, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp based on the grain protein content can be determined using the regression equation.

2-5) Correction using NDVI etc. (example of function)
If a yield combine is not available, it is also possible to correct the amount of basal fertilizer using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), which is an index of growth amount that can be obtained by satellites, drones, etc.
The NDVI value is an index indicating the amount of growth of plants, etc., and can be determined by (IR-R)/(IR+R).
Here, R is the reflectance of visible light, IR is the reflectance of near-infrared light, and the NDVI value is a value between +1 and -1.

In this case, use it as a target item. In addition, yields may be lower than the target due to lodging due to overgrowth or diseases caused by excessive nitrogen. In that case, the correction based on yield will result in an increase, but in reality it is necessary to reduce the amount of basal fertilizer. If the combine standardization speed is not used, the amount of basal fertilizer can be appropriately corrected by combining yield and NDVI, etc. in such a case as well. If the purpose is to prevent overgrowth, set it as an upper limit item. Since the amount of growth is affected by climate change, relative values such as the average value, median value, or third quartile of the year may be used.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between NDVI×vegetation coverage and nitrogen absorption amount, and between NDVI×vegetation coverage and basic correction amount ΔNBndvix. NDVI×vegetation coverage is one of the indicators of growth amount obtained when measuring NDVI using a drone or the like.
As shown in FIG. 7, the amount of nitrogen absorption can be regressed using a quadratic function of NDVI×vegetation coverage (denoted as NDVIX).
NA=104.67×NDVIX ² -21.216×NDVIX+2.2025 (Formula 9)

Further, assuming that the target value of NDVIX is 0.3 and the fertilizer efficiency is 1, ΔNBndvix is as follows.
ΔNBndvix=(104.67×(0.3 ² −NDVIX ² )−21.216×(0.3−NDVIX) (Formula 10)
As described above, the basic correction amount ΔNBndvix based on NDVI×vegetation coverage can be obtained using the regression equation.

(3) Example of calculation of ΔN(1) Below, an example of calculation of ΔN in the case of paddy rice for staple food will be explained.

Table 1 is a table showing examples of combinations of measurement items.
In Example 1, the target item is yield.
In Example 2, the target item is NDVI×vegetation coverage.
In Example 3, the target item is yield, and the upper limit item is NDVI×vegetation coverage.
In Example 4, the target item is yield, and the standard combine speed and grain protein content are the upper limit items.
Below, examples are shown in which ΔN(1) was calculated for various combinations of yield, protein content, and combine normalization rate using the combination of Example 4 in Table 1.

Table 2 is a table showing an example of calculation of the provisional correction amount ΔN(1) assuming paddy rice for staple food. This is a table showing Table 2 also shows the results of the arithmetic processing up to finding P and the obtained provisional correction amount ΔN(1) in the processing from steps S8-1 to S8-3 in FIG. Results obtained from subsequent arithmetic processing are omitted.
The meaning of each shaded item is shown in the last line.

In case 1, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target of 570, so according to equation (4), the basic correction amount based on the yield is 0. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount is 2.1 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount is 1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNBy is smaller than the upper limit correction amounts ΔNUv and ΔNUp, the selected correction amount in case 1 is ΔNBy=0.0, and ΔN(1)=0.0.

In case 2, the yield is 500, which is lower than the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction amount based on the yield is 1.2. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount is 1.4 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount is 1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNBy is smaller than the upper limit correction amounts ΔNUv and ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in case 2 is ΔNBy=1.2, and ΔN(1)=1.2.

In case 3, the yield is 470, which is lower than the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount is 2.1 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNUp<ΔNBy<ΔNUv, the correction amount selected in case 3 is ΔNUp=1.6, and ΔN(1)=1.6.

In case 4, the yield is 470, which is lower than the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNUv<ΔNUp<ΔNBy, the correction amount selected in case 4 is ΔNUv=1.4, and ΔN(1)=1.4.

In case 5, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.0. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −1.4 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 5.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is 1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNUv<ΔNBy<ΔNUp, the correction amount selected in case 5 is ΔNUv=−1.4, and ΔN(1)=−1.4.

In case 6, the yield is 500, which is lower than the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction value ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.2. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −1.4 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount is ΔNUp=-1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNUp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the correction amount selected in case 6 is ΔNUp=−1.6, and ΔN(1)=−1.6.

In case 7, the yield is 500, which is lower than the target of 570, so according to equation (4), the correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.2. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.3, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is -2.9 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is −1.6 from equation (8).
Since ΔNUv<ΔNUp<ΔNBy, the correction amount selected in case 7 is ΔNUv=−2.9, and ΔN(1)=−2.9.

In case 8, the yield is 600, which exceeds the target of 570, so from equation (4), the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.0. Since the combine standardization speed, which is the upper limit item, is 0.7, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 0.0 from equation (6). Since the protein content, which is the upper limit item, is 6.5, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUp is −1.6 from equation (8).
ΔNUp<ΔNBy=ΔNUv, the correction amount selected in case 8 is ΔNUp=−1.6, and ΔN(1)=−1.6.
As explained above, in various cases, an appropriate correction amount regarding basal fertilizer can be determined.

Table 3 is a table showing an example of calculating the provisional correction amount ΔN(1) when wheat for noodles is assumed, and the formula uses coefficients for paddy rice and sets targets, upper limits, and lower limits. Additionally, the allelic treatment prioritized combine normalization rate over protein content.
Table 3 also shows the results of the arithmetic processing up to finding P and the obtained provisional correction amount ΔN(1) in the processing from steps S8-1 to S8-3 in FIG. Results obtained from subsequent arithmetic processing are omitted.
The meaning of each shaded item is shown in the last line.

In case 1, the yield is 450, which exceeds the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0. Since the combine standardized speed is 1.0 (0.7 is the lower limit target), the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 11.0 (10.0 is the lower limit target), the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNBy<ΔNUv, the correction amount becomes ΔNBy=0.

In case 2, the yield is 350, which is lower than the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is -3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNBy<ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNBy=0.9.

In case 3, the yield is 300, which is lower than the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 1.8. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.9, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 1.4. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is −3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the correction amount is ΔNUv=1.4.

In case 4, the yield is 450, which exceeds the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.6, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −0.7. Since the protein content is 11.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is −3.1. Since ΔNLp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the correction amount is ΔNUv=-0.7.

In case 5, the yield is 350, which is lower than the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.5, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 1.6. Since ΔNBy<ΔNLp<ΔNUv, the correction amount is ΔNLp=1.6.

In case 6, the yield is 350, which is lower than the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUBv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 3.1. Since ΔNBy<ΔNUv<ΔNLp, priority is given to ΔNUv as conflicting processing, so the correction amount is ΔNUv=2.1.

In case 7, the yield is 250, which is lower than the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 2.6. Since the combine standardization speed is 1.0, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is 2.1. Since the protein content is 9.0, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is 3.1. Since ΔNUv<ΔNBy<ΔNLp, priority is given to ΔNUv as conflict processing, so the correction value is ΔNUv=2.1.

In case 8, the yield is 350, which is lower than the target of 400, so the basic correction amount ΔNBy based on the yield is 0.9. Since the combine standardization speed is 0.6, the upper limit correction amount ΔNUv is −0.7. Since the protein content is 10.5, the lower limit correction amount ΔNLp is −1.6. Since ΔNLp<ΔNUv<ΔNBy, the correction value is ΔNUv=−0.7.

In the manner described above, ΔN(1) can be calculated for paddy rice for staple food and wheat for noodles.
The target yield, which depends on the crop, variety, cultivation area, etc., is preferably 420 kg/10 a for staple food rice, and more preferably 720 kg/10 a.
Moreover, the combine standardization speed, which is an upper limit item, is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more.
Moreover, the protein content, which is an upper limit item, is preferably 7.0% or less, more preferably 6.0% or less.

The basal fertilizer amount calculation technique according to this embodiment can be used to create a variable basal fertilizer map. Then, without the need for soil analysis etc. for each field, the amount of basal fertilizer that achieves the cultivation target can be determined asymptotically and accurately by simply repeating the steps of applying basal fertilizer, measuring measurement items that are growth results, and correcting the amount of basal fertilizer. be able to.
If the machines used for variable basal fertilizer and measurement item data are integrated into a field management system, etc., they can be used as an integrated system. By incorporating the arithmetic device according to this embodiment into the system, a basal fertilization map can be created without relying on personal skill.

(Second embodiment)
Although the present invention corrects the amount of basal fertilizer, it is often time-consuming to measure the actual amount of basal fertilizer upon which the correction is made. Therefore, the second embodiment of the present invention solves this problem. That is, in the second embodiment, the actual basal fertilizer amount is not used, but the fertilizer application machine setting value is used. The fertilizer applicator setting value is the setting value of the amount of fertilizer applied by the fertilizer applicator. For example, if the fertilizer application amount is planned to be 50kg/10a, and the fertilizer application amount is adjusted by setting the knob or opening value to 4, the fertilizer applicator setting value will be 4.
The actual basal fertilizer amount and correction amount in the first embodiment can all be replaced with the fertilizer application machine setting value, and the fertilizer application machine setting value can be the target of correction.

FIG. 8 is a diagram summarizing the gist of the fertilizer applicator setting value calculation technique according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the crop basal fertilizer amount calculation device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the processing flow of the method for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer for crops according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 3 and shows the correspondence of processes using codes obtained by adding 10 to the codes of the corresponding steps.
As shown in FIG. 8, a fertilizer applicator setting value map _D1 is created (T11), and measurement items are measured (T13). Next, a set value correction amount ΔD ₁ is calculated (T14), and D _n+1 =D _n +ΔD _n is calculated (T15). Then, the process proceeds to the next cycle (n+1) (returns to T11).
As shown in FIG. 9, the basal fertilizer amount calculation device B according to the present embodiment includes a set value map creation section 2, a measurement item measurement section 8, a target/actual result comparison section 12, and a set value correction amount calculation section 16. , and a setting value map updating section 18. In addition, it has a storage section (not shown), etc.
The details of the process will be explained below.

1) Method of creating Figures 4 to 7 using fertilizer applicator setting values For example, in the measurement item measuring section 8 of Figure 9, a test was conducted with several fertilizer applicator setting values, and each yield, lodging degree, and grain By measuring protein content, NDVI, etc., it is possible to create diagrams in which the vertical axes of FIGS. 4 to 7 are replaced with the fertilizer application setting values. Through regression analysis, NA in Equations 3, 5, 7, and 9 was replaced with D, and ΔNBy, ΔNUv, ΔNUp, and ΔNBndvix in Equations 4, 6, 8, and 10 were corrected to the basic fertilizer application setting values, respectively. amount ΔDBy, upper limit fertilizer setting value correction amount ΔDUv based on combine standardization speed, upper limit fertilizer setting value correction amount ΔDUp based on grain protein content, and basic fertilizer setting value correction amount ΔDndivx based on NDVIX.
From these, the set value correction amount calculation unit 16 calculates the value corresponding to ΔN(1) at T14 in FIG. The provisional fertilizer applicator setting value correction amount ΔD(1) is calculated. Next, in S17 and S18-1 to S18-3, a comparison is made with the upper limit ΔD, which is the upper limit, and the lower limit ΔD, which are the lower limit of the fertilizer application machine setting value correction amount, which are predetermined, to determine the fertilizer application machine setting value correction amount ΔD. By using ΔD, the setting value map updating unit 18 obtains the next fertilizer application machine setting value in the same manner as the method of the first embodiment.
D _n+1i =D _ni +ΔD _ni
The advantage of the method of the second embodiment compared to the first embodiment is that it eliminates the need to measure the amount of nitrogen absorbed by crops, which is difficult for farmers to implement, including the creation of Equations 3 to 10. The correction process can be completed simply by using a machine that can measure yield, degree of lodging, grain protein content, NDVI, etc.

2) Method of converting the actual basal fertilizer amount N _ni into the fertilizer applicator setting value D _ni and ΔN _ni into ΔD _ni For example, leave the processing in FIGS. 4 to 7 as in the first embodiment, and use the method shown in FIG. It is also possible to use a method of replacing N _ni with D _ni and converting ΔN _ni into ΔD _ni .
Here, D is the setting value of the fertilizer applicator, ND is the amount of fertilizer according to the instruction manual at that setting value, and the function is D=p(ND) (Formula 11)
shall be.
When converting the correction amount ΔN to the set value correction amount ΔD using the function p,
If q=dP/dND (differential value or difference value),
ΔD _ni =q×ΔN _ni (Formula 12)
becomes.
D _n+1i =D _ni +ΔD _ni
The advantage of this method 2) is that there is no need to conduct a new experiment as in method 1), and the experimental results can be used as long as the existing Equations 4 to 10 are available.

The above processing and control is performed by software processing by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or by ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field d Programmable Gate Array).
Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, the configurations shown in the drawings are not limited to these, and can be changed as appropriate within the scope of achieving the effects of the present invention. Other changes can be made as appropriate without departing from the scope of the invention.
Further, each component of the present invention can be selected arbitrarily, and inventions having selected configurations are also included in the present invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention can be utilized for a basal fertilizer amount calculation device.

A Base fertilizer amount calculation device 1 Base fertilizer map creation unit 2 Set value map creation unit 5 Actual basal fertilizer map creation unit 7 Measurement item measurement unit 8 Measurement item measurement unit 11 Target/actual performance comparison unit 12 Target/actual performance comparison unit 15 Base fertilizer correction amount calculation unit 16 Set value correction amount calculation unit 17 Base map update unit 18 Set value map update unit

Claims (6)

A basal fertilizer amount calculation device that performs calculation processing of a basal fertilizer amount that is a basal fertilizer nitrogen amount to a field,
a basal fertilizer map creation unit that inputs a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the amount of basal fertilizer;
a measurement item measurement unit that measures measurement items that are growth results in the field;
a target/performance comparison unit that compares target values and actual values of the measurement items;
a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit that calculates a basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/actual performance comparison unit;
a basal fertilizer map updating unit that updates the basal fertilizer map by correcting the basal fertilizer amount by reflecting the basal fertilizer correction amount calculated by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit;
Measurement of the measurement item by the measurement item measurement unit , comparison of the target value and actual value of the measurement item by the target/performance comparison unit, calculation of the basal fertilizer correction amount by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit, and calculation of the basal fertilizer correction amount by the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation unit. Converge to an appropriate amount of basal fertilizer by repeating updates of the basal fertilizer map by the map updating unit ,
The measurement items are:
Target items that have target values that are not upper or lower limit values and are the basis of correction are required items,
An upper limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the upper limit of the correction amount, and a lower limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the lower limit of the correction amount are optional items. death,
A function that determines the correction amount for the target item and a correction value based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the target item, and an upper limit correction amount and a lower limit correction based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. determine the correction amount by comparing with the amount
A basal fertilizer amount calculation device characterized by the following. 2. The basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to claim 1, wherein a conflict processing method is determined when the upper limit item and the lower limit item conflict with each other. If the crop is paddy rice,
The target item is yield,
3. The basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to claim 1 , wherein the upper limit item is a degree of lodging of crops in the field and a grain protein content of the crops. If the crop is wheat,
The target item is yield,
The upper limit item is the degree of lodging of crops in the field,
The basal fertilizer amount calculating device according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the lower limit item is a grain protein content of the crop. A basal fertilizer amount calculation method for calculating a basal fertilizer amount, which is the amount of basal fertilizer nitrogen applied to a field,
a basal fertilizer map input step of inputting a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the basal fertilizer amount;
a measurement item measurement step for measuring measurement items that are growth results in the field;
a target/actual comparison step of comparing target values and actual values of the measurement items;
a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step of calculating a basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/actual performance comparison step;
a basal fertilizer map updating step of updating the basal fertilizer map by correcting the basal fertilizer amount by reflecting the basal fertilizer correction amount obtained in the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step;
Converge on an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the measurement item measurement step, the target/actual performance comparison step, the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step, and the basal fertilizer map updating step ,
The measurement items are:
Target items that have target values that are not upper or lower limit values and are the basis of correction are required items,
An upper limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the upper limit of the correction amount, and a lower limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the lower limit of the correction amount are optional items. death,
A function that determines the correction amount for the target item and a correction value based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the target item, and an upper limit correction amount and a lower limit correction based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. determine the correction amount by comparing with the amount
A basal fertilizer amount calculation method characterized by the following. A basal fertilizer amount calculation program for calculating the amount of basal fertilizer applied to a field,
to the computer,
a basal fertilizer map input step of inputting a basal fertilizer map showing the relationship between the field area and the basal fertilizer amount;
a measurement item measurement step for setting measurement items that are growth results in the field;
a target/actual comparison step of comparing target values and actual values of the measurement items;
a basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step of calculating a basal fertilizer correction amount based on the comparison result in the target/actual performance comparison step;
performing a basal fertilizer map updating step of updating the basal fertilizer map by correcting the basal fertilizer amount by reflecting the basal fertilizer correction amount obtained in the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step;
Converge on an appropriate basal fertilizer amount by repeating the measurement item measurement step , the target/actual performance comparison step, the basal fertilizer correction amount calculation step, and the basal fertilizer map updating step ,
The measurement items are:
Target items that have target values that are not upper or lower limit values and are the basis of correction are required items,
An upper limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the upper limit of the correction amount, and a lower limit item that has a target value of an upper limit value or a lower limit value and determines the lower limit of the correction amount are optional items. death,
A function that determines the correction amount for the target item and a correction value based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the target item, and an upper limit correction amount and a lower limit correction based on the difference between the target value and the measured value of the upper limit item and the lower limit item. determine the correction amount by comparing with the amount
A basal fertilizer amount calculation program.

Images