JP2021134999A - Carbon dioxide emission amount suppressed power generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an environmentally friendly and economically effective carbon dioxide emission amount suppressed power generation method capable of executing power generation by burning waste plastics and the like while suppressing carbon dioxide emission to a small amount, capable of executing power generation using waste plastics and the like for fuel as a substitute for fossil fuel efficiently and while substantially reducing carbon dioxide emission, and thereby capable of reducing the consumption of fossil fuel.SOLUTION: There is provided a carbon dioxide emission amount suppressed power generation method for executing power generation by burning fuel materials consisting of at least one of waste plastics and woody pellets. The fuel materials contain carbon dioxide emission amount decreased resin compositions.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide emission control power generation method, and relates to a carbon dioxide emission control power generation method suitable for generating power by suppressing a small amount of carbon dioxide emissions when generating power by burning waste plastic or the like. ..

In recent years, in order to make effective use of plastics, a power generation system that burns waste plastics to generate power has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

However, when the conventional waste plastic is burned to generate electricity, a large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted. Therefore, it has been proposed to install a special device to reduce the carbon dioxide (Patent Document). 2 and Patent Document 3).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-166709 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-230066 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-199042 Re-table 2011-037238 (Patent No. 6170652) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-12020 (Patent No. 6060451) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-155239 (Patent No. 6487483)

The present invention has been made in view of these points, and when power is generated by burning waste plastic or the like, carbon dioxide emissions can be suppressed to a small amount to generate power, and waste plastic can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. It is possible to efficiently generate electricity using the above fuels and significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which makes it possible to reduce fossil fuel consumption, which is environmentally friendly and has a large economic ripple effect. An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation method for controlling carbon dioxide emissions.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the carbon dioxide emission control power generation method of the present invention is a carbon dioxide emission control power generation method in which a fuel material composed of at least one of waste plastic and wood pellets is burned to generate power. The fuel material is characterized by containing a carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition.

The wood pellet is characterized in that it is formed from a medium of discarded mushrooms as a raw material.

According to the present invention, since the fuel material containing the carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition is burned, the carbon dioxide emission amount associated with the combustion can be significantly suppressed to generate electricity.

Block diagram of a power generation system that implements the present invention Characteristic diagram showing bending strength characteristics of a wood board made from a medium used for carrying out the present invention. Characteristic diagram showing the bending strength characteristics and the relationship according to the type of the additive of the wood board using the medium used for carrying out the present invention as a raw material.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

In the carbon dioxide emission control power generation method of the present invention, the fuel material contains a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition when generating power by burning a fuel material composed of at least one of waste plastic and wood pellets. Is essential.

Waste plastic is a general term for plastic products and scraps that have been discarded, and examples of the main raw materials thereof include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, PET, and vinyl chloride resin.

Wood pellets are made from sawdust of a medium used for mushroom production, and the production method and the like will be described later.

As the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition contained in such a fuel material, it is preferable to use the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition (see Patent Documents 4 to 6) proposed by the present applicant.

Specifically, according to Patent Document 4, the carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition contains a carbon dioxide absorber composed of a substance that chemically or physically adsorbs carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide absorber in the resin. A carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition obtained by adding a mixture of a dispersion aid composed of a substance capable of efficiently dispersing and a dispersion solvent to the resin after a dispersion treatment by supercritical fluid treatment or ultrasonic irradiation treatment. The mixture contains 100 parts by weight of amorphous aluminosilicate as a carbon dioxide absorber and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of calcium 12-hydroxystearate or phosphatidylcholine as a dispersion aid with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon dioxide absorber. It is formed by mixing 20 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water as a dispersion solvent with 20 parts by weight, and the supercritical fluid treatment is performed by mixing a mixture of the carbon dioxide absorber, the dispersion aid and the dispersion solvent at a temperature of. The dispersibility of the carbon dioxide absorber is improved by exposing it to a supercritical fluid composed of carbon dioxide in a supercritical state where the critical temperature is 30.98 ° C. to 120 ° C. and the pressure is 7.3773 MPa or more for 1 minute to 12 hours. In the ultrasonic irradiation treatment, ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 15 KHz to 60 KHz and an intensity of 75 W to 600 W are applied to a mixture of the carbon dioxide absorber, the dispersion aid and a dispersion solvent from 5 minutes. It is a treatment for improving the dispersibility of the carbon dioxide absorber by irradiating for 60 minutes, and the treatment for adding the mixture after the dispersion treatment to the resin is a polyolefin resin, a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, or vinyl chloride. The treatment is characterized in that 0.1 to 40 parts by weight of the mixture after the dispersion treatment is added to 100 parts by weight of a resin composed of at least one selected from a system resin and a polystyrene resin.

Further, according to Patent Document 5, the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition comprises liposomes formed by a supercritical reverse phase evaporation method so as to include a carbon dioxide absorber and a crystal nucleating agent of a polyolefin-based resin. A method for producing a carbon dioxide emission-reducing resin composition, which comprises adding a carbon dioxide emission-reducing resin composition to a polyolefin-based resin, wherein the liposomes are equal in weight to each other with respect to phospholipids. It is formed by the supercritical reverse phase evaporation method with the addition amount of the comprehensive added nucleating agent composed of the carbon dioxide absorber and the crystal nucleating agent of the polyolefin resin as 3 to 7%, and is formed by the supercritical reverse phase evaporation method. In the method, a mixture of the carbon dioxide absorber, the crystal nucleating agent, and ion-exchanged water is stirred with carbon dioxide in a supercritical state in which the temperature is a critical temperature of 30.98 ° C. or higher and the pressure is a critical pressure of 7.3773 MPa or higher. It is produced by a method for producing a carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition, which comprises a treatment in which the carbon dioxide absorber and the crystal nucleating agent are encapsulated in the liposome by mixing.

Further, according to Patent Document 6, the carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition efficiently disperses a carbon dioxide absorber composed of a substance that chemically or physically adsorbs carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide absorber in the resin. It is a method for producing a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition in which a mixture of a dispersion aid and a dispersion solvent composed of a substance capable of being formed is dispersed by stirring treatment and then added to the resin, and the mixture is absorbed by carbon dioxide. Amorphous aluminosilicate as an agent is 100 parts by weight, and calcium 12-hydroxystearate or phosphatidylcholine as a dispersion aid is 0.1 to 10 parts by weight as a dispersion solvent with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon dioxide absorber. Ion-exchanged water is formed by mixing 20 parts by weight, and the stirring treatment is performed by mixing a mixture of the carbon dioxide absorber, the dispersion aid and a dispersion solvent at a temperature of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. and a rotation speed. Is treated at 1000 rpm to 20000 rpm for a stirring time of 5 to 60 minutes so as to improve the dispersibility of the carbon dioxide absorber, and the mixture is added to the resin after the dispersion treatment. , 0.1 to 40 weight by weight of the mixture after the dispersion treatment with respect to 100 parts by weight of a resin consisting of at least one selected from a polyolefin resin, a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a vinyl chloride resin and a polystyrene resin. It is produced by a method for producing a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition, which is characterized by being partially added.

Waste plastic, which is one of the fuel materials containing such a carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition, is discharged when it is not contained due to the action and effect of the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition when it is burned. Carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by 60% to 40%.

FIG. 1 shows a power generation system that implements the carbon dioxide emission control power generation method of the present invention.

A power generation method according to the implementation of the present invention by this power generation system will be described.

First, a case where waste plastic is used as a fuel material will be described.

The waste plastic P contains a predetermined amount, for example, 3 to 10% by weight of a carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition, and after being pretreated into a combustible state, the dust hopper of the stoker incinerator 1 (not shown). ) It is thrown in. In the stoker incinerator 1, the waste plastic P is burned while being moved on the stoker (not shown), and the generated heat energy HE is sent to the boiler (heat exchanger) 2 together with the waste heat and exhaust gas. When the waste plastic P is burned in the stoker incinerator 1, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted when it is not contained is suppressed by 60% by 40% due to the action and effect of the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition. Is reduced to emissions. In the boiler 2, the heat energy HE and the water W are exchanged for heat, and one of the water is taken out as steam S to rotate the steam turbine (not shown) of the generator 3 to generate electricity. It is discharged, and the other heat energy HE is heat-exchanged with water to become low energy and is discharged. Electric power E is output from the generator 3.

As described above, according to the present invention, when the waste plastic P is burned to generate electricity, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted can be suppressed to a small amount to generate electricity, and the waste plastic is used as a fuel as an alternative to fossil fuel for power generation. It is possible to generate electricity efficiently and greatly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, which makes it possible to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, which is environmentally friendly and has a large economic ripple effect.

Next, the effect of the present invention will be quantified and verified in the case where the current power generation using fossil fuel is replaced by the present invention.

<About power generation fuel>
The calorific value per kg of general coal, which is a fossil fuel, is 6203 kcal, and the average calorific value per kg of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, which are the main waste plastics, is 10337 kcal. It is possible.

The annual fossil fuels used in current thermal power generation are 2.36 million tons for general coal, 970,000 tons for liquefied natural gas (LNG), and 1.3 million tons for oil, for a total of 4.63 million tons.

The current annual usage of fuel-substitutable plastics is 1.31 million tons for low-density polyethylene, 730,000 tons for high-density polyethylene, 470,000 tons for polypropylene, and 470,000 tons for polystyrene (GP / HI). The vinyl chloride resin is 1.05 million tons, for a total of 5.85 million tons. The disposal rate of these fuel-substitutable plastics is expected to be 80% for low-density polyethylene, 60% for high-density polyethylene, 60% for polypropylene, 80% for polystyrene (GP / HI), and 30% for vinyl chloride resin. The total amount of waste plastic is estimated to be 3.55 million tons.

Therefore, the possible substitution rate of waste plastics for fossil fuels is 77%.

<About carbon dioxide emissions>
The annual carbon dioxide emissions emitted when fossil fuels are burned at thermal power plants are 2.409 kg-CO ₂ per kg of general coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG). 2.409kg-CO _2, since it is 2.409kg-CO ₂ with petroleum (Source: Ordinance-METI and Environment related to the calculation of emissions of greenhouse gases due to the business activities of certain emitters), total 115 It is 338 million kg-CO ₂ .

The annual amount of carbon dioxide emitted when burning a waste plastic with a total amount of 3.55 million tons that can be replaced with the fossil fuel is 1.24 kg per kg of low-density polyethylene. -CO _2, 0.91kg-CO ₂ at high density polyethylene, 1.03 kg-CO ₂ in polypropylene, 2.44 kg-CO ₂ polystyrene (GP · HI), is 1.36 kg-CO ₂ vinyl chloride resin Therefore (exhibitor: Energy Analysis Survey Report of Basic Materials, Institute of Chemical Economy), the total amount is 4,451.5 million kg-CO ₂ .

Therefore, if the fossil fuel used in one year of a thermal power plant is replaced with waste plastic, it is possible to suppress the carbon dioxide emission of _{7,786.5 million kg-CO 2, which is the difference between the carbon dioxide emissions of each.} , The carbon dioxide emission control rate is about 62%.

Furthermore, if the entire amount of 3.55 million tons of waste plastic is replaced with waste plastic containing a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition according to the present invention, the total carbon dioxide emission amount of 4,451,500,000 kg-CO ₂ is further increased. _{2,670,900,000 kg-CO 2,} which corresponds to 60%, will be reduced to a total of 1,780,600,000 kg-CO ₂ . However, since the amount of carbon dioxide generated when producing the carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition added to 3.55 million tons of waste plastic is 53.41 million kg-CO ₂ , the carbon dioxide reduced by the present invention. The emission amount is 2,617,490,000 kg-CO ₂ , and the carbon dioxide emission amount emitted by the present invention is 1,834,100,000 kg-CO ₂ .

As a result, if the fossil fuel used in one year of a thermal power plant is replaced with waste plastic containing a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition, the difference in carbon dioxide emissions is 9,703,990,000 kg. -CO ₂ carbon dioxide emissions can be suppressed, and the carbon dioxide emission suppression rate is about 84%.

<Fuel efficiency of power generation>
Currently, the total import value of fossil fuels of 4.63 million tons is about 189.8 billion yen.

The total amount of alternative waste plastics is 3.55 million tons, which is 0 yen because most of the current general collections are free of charge. However, there is a charge for industrial waste.

The import value of general coal, which corresponds to about 1.08 million tons of fossil fuel for the shortage of alternative waste plastics, is about 44.3 billion yen.

Therefore, the current fuel cost of 189.8 billion yen required for thermal power generation using fossil fuels can be covered by the present invention with the cost of 44.3 billion yen required for the purchase of fossil fuels, which is free of charge and shortage due to replacement with waste plastics. It is possible to achieve a total fuel consumption reduction of 145.5 billion yen.

Furthermore, assuming that a total of 3.55 million tons of alternative waste plastic is purchased at 200 yen / kg without free of charge, the purchase amount will be 710 million yen, and the fuel consumption reduction will be about 144.8 billion yen.

This fuel reduction of about 144.8 billion yen is equivalent to the current household electricity rate (electricity rate: 27 yen / 1kWh, household usage: 555kWh / month, family of four) per month for about 9.59 million households. Equivalent to the electricity bill of.

In order to carry out the present invention, if the waste plastic is collected for a fee, the company will be free of charge for disposing of the waste plastic such as scraps, and the company and the individual will sell the waste plastic for a fee. Can be done. For example, 200 yen / kg is equivalent to about 32 bottles / kg of pressure-resistant PET bottles (31.1 g / bottle).

<About the natural environment>
According to the present invention, since the waste plastic can be used for power generation, it is possible to contribute to the eradication of the waste plastic waste in the city, mountains, rivers, etc. and the beautification of the environment, which is more than cost effective. Can produce effects.

Next, a case where wood chips are used as a fuel material will be described.

<Raw materials for wood chips and fuel for power generation>
Nagano Prefecture has the highest production of mushrooms using a medium in Japan, but 300 tons of sawdust, which is the medium used for the production of mushrooms, is discarded per day. Since this discarded medium is spoiled, a large amount of methane gas may be generated, and its reuse has been an urgent issue.

Therefore, the present inventors have focused on the origin of the medium of discarded mushrooms as sawdust, and by washing and drying the medium (hereinafter referred to as "medium"), it can be used as a biofuel. Furthermore, when the medium is used as a biofuel, it is used as a fuel for power generation by containing the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition in order to suppress the generation of carbon dioxide and contribute to the prevention of global warming. Found to be available as. Furthermore, we found the possibility of using it as a wood material such as building materials before using it as a fuel for power generation.

<About fuel material>
As a form in which the medium is used as a fuel material, there are a form 1 in which a waste plastic, a medium and a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition are used, and a form 2 in which the medium and a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition are used.

First, in Form 1 using one of the waste plastics, the medium and the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition, the medium occupying the main volume was 51% and the waste plastic was 49%, and the mixture was kneaded to use as a fuel material. The medium was prepared by washing the sawdust and then drying it. Further, the carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition is preliminarily contained in one or both of the waste plastic and the medium in a predetermined amount.

The fuel material of the present embodiment 1 has an average calorie (kcal) of 7,000 kcal, which exceeds the fossil fuel steaming coal 6203 kcal, and can replace the power generation by the fossil fuel.

Next, a method for producing wood pellets (fuel material) according to the first embodiment will be described.

First step In order to remove dirt from the discarded medium, sawdust, 30 L of water, 3 kg of medium, and 10 cc of weak alkaline detergent are put in a washing machine, and the mixture is soaked at low speed for about 80 minutes and then washed.
Second step In order to eliminate the bad odor, 40 L of water and 500 mg of tableware bleach were put in a container equipped with a stirrer and stirred, and the medium washed in the first step was immersed in the water while stirring at a low speed for about 60 minutes. Place.
Third step The washing machine is washed with 40 L of water and the medium washed in the second step for about 45 minutes, and then dehydrated.
Fourth step The medium dehydrated in the third step is placed in a rotary dryer at 60 ° C. and dried for about 100 minutes.
Fifth step The water content of the medium dried in the fourth step is within 2 to 10% (preferably 4 to 5%), mixed with 49% of waste plastic and 51% of dry medium, and uniaxially extruded. A machine (preferably a twin-screw extruder) is used to produce wood pellets kneaded at a temperature of 120 ° C. and used as fuel for waste plastic. The waste plastic P contains a predetermined amount, for example, 3 to 10% by weight of a carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition. The dry medium having a water content of 2 to 10% in the fourth step contains a predetermined amount, for example, 3 to 10% by weight of a carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition.

Next, in the form in which the other waste medium and the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition are used, a predetermined amount of the carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition is contained in advance in the medium occupying the main volume.

Next, a method for producing wood pellets (fuel material) according to the second embodiment will be described.

First Step The step of producing wood pellets is carried out in the same manner as the first step of the first embodiment.
Second step In order to eliminate the bad odor, 40 L of water and 700 mg of tableware bleach were put in a container equipped with a stirrer and stirred, and the medium washed in the first step was immersed in the water while stirring at a low speed for about 120 minutes. Place.
Third step The washing machine is washed with 50 L of water and the medium washed in the second step for about 70 minutes, and then dehydrated.
Fourth Step The medium dehydrated in the third step was placed in a rotary dryer at 100 ° C. and dried for about 150 minutes.
Fifth step The moisture value of the medium dried in the fourth step is 0 to 5% or less (preferably 2% or less), and a pressure-sensitive adhesive (Yamato glue, woodworking bond, seal / label pressure-sensitive adhesive). , Or Rtai's Koba binder is mixed with 20 to 40 wt% (preferably 30 wt%) and additives A, B, C, etc. (about 10 wt%) that chemically bond cellulose to each other, and a jig for a heat press machine (about 10 wt%). (Depending on the size of the board), put evenly, and while heating at a heating temperature of 100 ° C to 200 ° C (preferably 150 ° C), use a 1000 ton press machine for 5 to 15 minutes (preferably). 10 minutes) Press. The dry medium having a water content of 0 to 5% or less in the fourth step contains a predetermined amount, for example, 3 to 10% by weight of a carbon dioxide emission reducing resin composition. Here, Additive A is intended to improve the strength of wood pellets completed with an adhesive reinforcing material, and is a material selected from non-flammable materials such as tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl silicate, tetraethoxysilane, and tetraethyl orthosilane (). As a comparative example of the second embodiment, tetraethyl orthosilicate was used). Additive B is the same as Additive A, and tetraethyl silicate was used as a comparative example of the second embodiment. Additive C is a substance that inhibits the hygroscopicity of the finished wood pellet and improves the water resistance, and is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or a fluorine-based resin (3 to 15 wt% (in this embodiment 2, 3% of a fluorine-based material is added). )) Consists of a mixture such as).
6th step The board produced in the 5th step is taken out and cooled using a cold air fan to produce a wood board derived from a medium.

Characteristics of the wood board of the second aspect (see FIGS. 2 and 3)

As shown in FIG. 2, the wood board of the present embodiment 2 to which the waste medium cooled in the sixth step is applied is a normal wood flour accumulation board and paddy accumulation in which the amount of Koba binder used is 15% and 30%. Comparing the bending strength with the board, the wood board of the present embodiment 2, the wood dust board, and the commercially available medium density fiberboard (MDF), the wood board of the present embodiment 2 in which the amount of the edge binder used is 30% is normal wood flour. It is superior to boards, paddy boards and wood dust boards, has a bending strength of about 60% of MDF, and has a texture equivalent to that of MDF. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the wood board of the present embodiment 2 (the amount of the edge binder used is 15%) produced by adding the additive C has improved water resistance and strength (even if it is stepped on by the protrusion of the high heel heel, it is dented). There was an advantage over the normal wood powder accumulation board.

Using the same technology as described above, it is possible to produce a board from rice straw, paddy, etc., which are discarded in agriculture, as a material that may be applied as a board.

<About power generation and the natural environment>
According to the present invention, since the fuel materials of Form 1 and Form 2 containing the waste plastic and the medium as the main components can be used for power generation, the waste plastic and the medium for the city, the mountainous area, the river, etc. can be used for power generation. It can contribute to the eradication of waste and the beautification of the environment, and can produce more than cost-effectiveness. Further, in the second form, it can be used as a building material or the like before it is scrapped, so that a new use can be provided.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified as needed. For example, the stoker incinerator, boiler, generator, etc. may be existing equipment or new equipment.

1 Stalker incinerator 2 Boiler 3 Generator

Claims (2)

It is a carbon dioxide emission control power generation method in which a fuel material composed of at least one of waste plastic and wood pellets is burned to generate power, and the fuel material is characterized by containing a carbon dioxide emission reduction resin composition. Carbon dioxide emission control power generation method. A method for suppressing carbon dioxide emissions, wherein the wood pellets are formed from a medium of discarded mushrooms as a raw material.

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