JP2021114909A - Method of maintaining and managing stadium natural turf - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method of maintaining and managing stadium natural turf which makes it possible to properly manage growth of the natural turf under indoor environments in a winter term, enhance durability during top quality of the natural turf, and manage the natural turf over the winter conveniently at low cost while using a stadium.SOLUTION: A method of maintaining and managing natural turf of cool-season grass planted in stadium soil comprises alternately having a growth period, in which the natural turf is grown, and a dormant period, in which the growth of the natural turf is temporarily suspended. In the dormant period, the atmospheric temperature at least near the natural turf is from 0 (°C) to 10 (°C) exclusive, the soil temperature is 5 (°C) or more, and the daily integral of light on the natural turf is in the range of 5-15 (mol m-2 day-1).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for maintaining and managing natural turf for a stadium.

For example, in a game such as baseball, soccer, rugby, or tennis, natural turf is vegetated on the ground (pitch) that serves as a stadium (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). In addition, artificial turf was installed because it is easy to use in competitions even in rainy weather, and it is difficult to take in sunlight into natural turf in all-weather stadiums with fixed roofs. The ground is also adopted. On the other hand, the ground on which the artificial turf is installed generally puts a heavy burden on the athlete's legs and hips due to its artificial characteristics, and the appearance of the turf surface is more preferred to be natural. For competition, it is considered that a ground with natural grass is preferable.

In general, natural turf includes, for example, warm-season turf grass (summer turf) such as Koryo turf and cold-season turf grass (winter turf) such as bentgrass. When selecting natural turf for the stadium, the turf type is selected in consideration of the location of the stadium, the growing environment such as soil, and the type of competition.

In addition, proper growth of natural turf generally requires a balance of six elements: temperature, light, water, nutrients (fertilizer), air, and soil, and these six elements should be given in a well-balanced and appropriate condition. Therefore, it is possible to grow good natural turf. On the other hand, if any one of these six elements is missing, good natural turf may not be obtained. Further, even if the balance of the above six elements is lost, the natural turf grows, but it is difficult to obtain a good natural turf.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-016973 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-0778573 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-23043

For the reasons for the growth of natural turf as described above, stadiums equipped with natural turf grounds in Japan are generally considered to be open-air stadiums that do not have a fixed roof or the like. In order to realize such a natural turf stadium, it is necessary to design the roof structure and area in consideration of the weather conditions of the land where it is located, and to control the environmental conditions such as sunshine and ground temperature given to the natural turf. Be done. Especially in stadiums where natural grass is vegetated in cold regions, it is essential to consider in detail how to deal with snow cover.

In snowy stadiums, natural turf is generally grown under snow during the winter months. It has been demonstrated that under such snow, the temperature and humidity near the natural turf can be kept constant and the turf can maintain its growing condition. On the other hand, it is also known that natural turf consumes nutrients little by little by breathing even under snow, which has a certain effect on the growth in spring.

As mentioned above, in a stadium in a snowy area, the ground where natural grass is vegetated is maintained under the snow, so the use of the stadium in winter is restricted, including the circumstances due to the snow itself. For this reason, in snowy areas, there are many cases where the use of the stadium is abandoned for purposes other than competition, especially during the off-season winter when the above-mentioned various competitions, especially professional competitions, are not held.

However, in recent years, it has been required to improve profitability and utilization rate by using the stadium for multiple purposes regardless of the season, such as the use of regional exchange events, concerts, and exhibitions. For example, the Sapporo Dome, an all-weather stadium with a fixed roof, is equipped with a hovering-type movable soccer stage with natural grass vegetation, and by moving it outdoors, the inside of the stadium can be moved even during the winter. It can be used for competitions and exhibitions. However, a facility equipped with a movable stage as described above has a problem that a large site area is required and ground weight management is also required.

Here, for example, an all-weather stadium equipped with a retractable roof and a light-transmitting film roof can avoid snow accumulation in the facility, so that an improvement in the annual utilization rate including the winter period can be expected. In such stadiums with openable or light-transmitting roofs, low-cost control will be used to maintain natural turf during the winter, and top-quality sports turf will be installed in the spring when the competition season begins. Is considered to be the best.

Generally, the optimum temperature for the growth of winter turf used for natural turf is 20 to 25 ° C. If the temperature falls below this range, the growth stagnates, and if the temperature drops below 5 ° C, the turf grows dormantly. Basic knowledge of growth management of natural turf has been abundant, such as being known to stop. However, in snowy areas in Japan, many stadiums with natural turf grounds are open-air type and adopt a method of letting natural turf sleep under snow, so natural turf is grown indoors for sports. There is not much knowledge about wintering management methods for turf maintenance. For this reason, even if an all-weather stadium equipped with a retractable or light-transmitting membrane roof as described above is adopted and the utilization rate of the stadium is increased in winter, the growth condition of natural turf in the indoor environment is appropriate. There is a problem that it is difficult to manage and it is also difficult to avoid the influence on the growth in spring.

Furthermore, regardless of whether the stadium is used or not, the ground where natural grass is vegetated needs to be maintained throughout the year, including the winter season, as mentioned above, so it is necessary to assign a worker. There was also the problem that labor costs and various maintenance costs would increase.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and by appropriately managing the growth of natural turf in an indoor environment during winter, it is possible to improve the durability of natural turf at the time of top quality. It is an object of the present invention to provide a maintenance method for natural turf for stadiums, which enables easy and low-cost wintering management of natural turf while using the stadium.

The present inventors have diligently studied to solve the above problems. As a result, in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium equipped with a retractable roof and a light-transmitting film roof, by appropriately adjusting each element that is a necessary condition for growing natural turf in winter, the competition We have found that it is possible to properly manage the wintering of natural turf while using the field, and completed the present invention.

That is, the first invention in the present invention is a method for maintaining and managing the natural turf of the cold region type turf vegetated in the soil of the stadium, which is a method for maintaining and managing the natural turf for the stadium, and grows the natural turf. The growing period and the dormant period for temporarily stopping the growing of the natural turf are alternately provided, and the dormant period sets the atmospheric temperature at least in the vicinity of the natural turf to more than 0 (° C.) and less than 10 (° C.). Moreover, the temperature of the soil is set to 5 (° C.) or higher, and the daily cumulative amount of light for the natural turf is in the range ^{of 5 to 15 (mol · m-2} · day ^-1).

According to the maintenance method of natural turf for stadiums having the above configuration, the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf, the temperature of the soil on which the natural turf is vegetated, and the temperature of the soil in which the natural turf is vegetated, and By setting the daily integrated light intensity (DLI) of light to the above range, the growth (growth) of natural turf is almost stopped while preventing frost damage of natural turf due to freezing and promoting root growth. can do. That is, the dormant natural lawn does not grow in height, so maintenance such as mowing is not required.
On the other hand, by setting the dormant condition of the natural turf within the above range, the natural turf can be reliably recovered (started from growing) from the dormant state by appropriately setting the conditions in the subsequent growing period.
Therefore, in an indoor environment, it is possible to manage the wintering of natural turf easily and at low cost while using the stadium during the winter, and it is possible to improve the durability of natural turf at the time of top quality. Become.

Next, in the second invention of the present invention, in the maintenance method of the natural turf for a stadium having the above configuration, the dormancy period is at least 5 (° C.) or less in the vicinity of the natural turf. It is a feature.

According to the maintenance method of natural turf for stadiums having the above configuration, by setting the atmospheric temperature near the natural turf during the dormant period to the above temperature, the growth of the plant height of the dormant natural turf can be stopped more effectively. It becomes possible to do.

Next, in the third invention of the present invention, in the maintenance method of the natural turf for the stadium having the above configuration, the dormancy period further determines the amount of fertilizer applied to the soil {no fertilizer to the growing period. It is characterized in that the range is the same as that of}.

According to the maintenance method of natural turf for stadiums having the above configuration, the amount of fertilizer applied to the soil during the dormant period is in the range from no fertilizer to the same range as the growing period, that is, from zero to the amount required for normal growing. By doing so, the growth of natural turf can be stopped more effectively. In addition, by setting appropriate conditions during the subsequent growing period, it becomes possible to more reliably recover the natural turf from the dormant state.

Next, a fourth aspect of the present invention is the method for maintaining and managing natural turf for a stadium having the above configuration, in which the dormancy period increases the _{atmosphere at least in the vicinity of the natural turf, the general atmosphere or CO 2.} It is characterized by having a conditioned atmosphere.

According to the maintenance method of the natural turf for the stadium having the above configuration, the growth of the natural turf can be more effectively stopped by setting the atmosphere in the vicinity of the natural turf during the dormant period to the above atmosphere. In addition, by setting appropriate conditions during the subsequent growing period, it becomes possible to more reliably recover the natural turf from the dormant state.

Next, in the fifth aspect of the present invention, in the maintenance method of the natural turf for a stadium having the above configuration, the soil is irrigated only when the surface of the soil is dry during the dormancy period. It is characterized by that.

According to the maintenance method of the natural turf for stadiums having the above configuration, root rot can be prevented from occurring in the natural turf by limiting the irrigation of the soil during the dormant period only when the surface of the soil is dry. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a good natural turf with further improved durability at the time of top quality.

Next, the sixth invention of the present invention is characterized in that the soil is sandy soil in the maintenance method of the natural turf for a stadium having the above configuration.

According to the maintenance method of natural turf for stadiums having the above configuration, since the soil is sandy soil, drainage is improved, so that root rot and the like can be prevented as described above, and durability at the time of top quality is achieved. It is possible to obtain good natural turf with further improved properties.

Next, a seventh aspect of the present invention is the method for maintaining and managing natural turf for a stadium having the above configuration, and further, after the end of the dormant period, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is set during the growing period. It is characterized in that the natural turf is grown in the range of 15 to 20 (° C.).

According to the maintenance method of the natural turf for the stadium having the above configuration, after the dormant period, by setting the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf during the growing period within the above range, the temperature rise becomes a switch and the dormant state is started. The recovery speed is significantly increased.

According to the maintenance method of the natural turf for stadiums according to the present invention, the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf during the dormant period is set to more than 0 (° C) and less than 10 (° C) with respect to the natural turf of the cold region type turf. In addition, by setting the soil temperature to 5 (° C.) or higher and setting the daily cumulative amount of light to the natural turf in ^{the range of 5 to 15 (mol · m -2} · day ^-1 ), it is caused by freezing. It is possible to almost stop the growth (growth) of natural turf while preventing frost damage of natural turf and promoting root growth. That is, the dormant natural lawn does not grow in height, so maintenance such as mowing is not required.
Further, by setting the dormant condition of the natural turf within the above range, the natural turf can be reliably recovered from the dormant state by appropriately setting the condition in the subsequent growing period.
Therefore, in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium equipped with a retractable roof or a light-transmitting membrane roof, it is possible to manage the wintering of natural turf easily and at low cost while using the stadium even during the winter. At the same time, it is possible to improve the durability of natural turf at the time of top quality.

It is a figure which schematically explains the maintenance management method of the natural turf for a stadium which concerns on this invention, and is the schematic diagram which shows an example of the maintenance management apparatus used for the maintenance management of a natural turf. It is a figure which schematically explains the maintenance management method of the natural turf for a stadium which concerns on this invention, and is the partially enlarged view of the maintenance management apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the demonstration experiment of the action by the maintenance method of the natural turf for a stadium which concerns on this invention, and the curing days when the natural turf of a cold region type sucrose was cured under various conditions in the winter period in Japan. It is a graph which shows the relationship with the amount of sucrose in turf grass. It is a figure explaining the demonstration experiment of the action by the maintenance method of the natural turf for a stadium which concerns on this invention, and the curing days when the natural turf of a cold region type turf grass was cured under various conditions in the winter period in Japan. It is a graph which shows the relationship with the amount of turf grass. It is a figure explaining the demonstration experiment of the action by the maintenance method of the natural turf for a stadium which concerns on this invention, and the curing days when the natural turf of a cold region type turf was cured under various conditions in the winter period in Japan. It is a graph which shows the relationship with the root length of a lawn grass.

Hereinafter, an example of a maintenance method for a natural turf for a stadium (hereinafter, may be simply abbreviated as a maintenance method) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be given, and the configuration thereof will be described in detail.

<Natural turf for stadium>
The natural turf for stadiums to be maintained and managed in the maintenance method according to the present invention is, for example, cold-season turf grass (winter turf) such as bentgrass. As described above, when selecting natural turf for a stadium, it is necessary to consider the location conditions, growing environment, etc., but the maintenance method of the present invention particularly uses an openable roof and a light transmitting film roof. It is a method of maintaining natural turf throughout the year while using the stadium in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium equipped with it, and in consideration of maintenance during the winter, it targets cold-season turf grass.

<Maintenance method of natural grass for stadium>
The maintenance method of the natural turf for the stadium of the present embodiment is a method of maintaining the natural turf of the cold region type turf grass vegetated in the soil of the stadium, and the growing period for growing the natural turf and the natural turf A dormant period that temporarily suspends the growth is provided alternately. In the maintenance method of the present embodiment, the atmospheric temperature at least in the vicinity of the natural turf is set to more than 0 (° C) and less than 10 (° C), and the soil temperature is set to 5 (° C) or higher during the dormant period. , The daily integrated amount of light for natural turf is in the range ^{of 5 to 15 (mol · m-2} · day ^-1).

As mentioned above, in order to grow good natural turf, it is necessary to provide the six elements of temperature, light, water, nutrients (fertilizer), air, and soil in a well-balanced and appropriate condition. On the other hand, even during periods when competition is not held due to reasons such as off-season, maintenance of natural turf is necessary, and in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium equipped with a retractable roof and a light-transmitting membrane roof. However, it is required to properly manage the wintering of natural turf by adjusting the above six factors more optimally. In addition, maintenance of the ground where natural turf is vegetated requires the assignment of workers, which incurs labor costs and various maintenance costs. Therefore, this maintenance is simplified to save labor and reduce costs. It is also required. In the present invention, as described in detail below, the period during which the stadium is not used for competition purposes is defined as the "dormant period" of natural turf, and among the above six factors, in particular, the temperature of the soil and the surrounding atmosphere, and the light. A method of adjusting the conditions appropriately is adopted. As a result, the growth of natural turf is forcibly stopped, and it is temporarily put to sleep in a state where it can be recovered, that is, the growth can be started (restarted). Overwintering management of natural turf can be performed easily and at low cost.

Here, the "cultivation period" referred to in the present invention is, for example, a period corresponding to the "season period" and the "preparation period before entering the season period" of various sports that use the stadium within one year. Yes, the "sleep period" is the period corresponding to the off-season and the like. That is, in a span spanning a plurality of years, the above-mentioned "growth period" and "dormant period" are alternately provided.
Further, in the present invention, in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium, during the winter period, which is the off-season of competition, that is, during the above-mentioned "dormant period", applications other than competition, such as concerts and exhibitions, etc. It is possible to manage the wintering of natural turf while using the stadium for the purpose.

[Training period]
In the growing period of this embodiment, natural turf is grown under normal conditions. That is, the above six elements of temperature (atmospheric temperature), light (sunlight or illumination light), water (irrigation), nutrients (fertilizer), air (atmosphere), and soil (soil quality) are well-balanced and appropriate conditions. Grow natural turf while adjusting so that it becomes. By setting the above 6 elements in a well-balanced and appropriate condition, it is possible to grow good natural turf, but if any one of the 6 elements is missing, good natural turf can be obtained. It may not be there. That is, even if the balance of the above 6 elements is lost, the natural turf grows, but it is difficult to obtain a good natural turf. Therefore, it is required to adjust all of these 6 elements to appropriate conditions during the growing period. NS.

In addition to the above six factors, appropriate management such as maintaining the plant height by mowing is also required during the growing period in order to grow good natural turf. Furthermore, it is important to take measures against pests and weeds that parasitize natural turf, and to properly repair damaged parts of turf.

During the growing period, it is preferable to grow the natural turf with the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf in the range of 15 to 20 (° C.). This is because after the dormant period, which will be described in detail later, the atmospheric temperature is raised to a temperature higher than this dormant period, so that the temperature rise becomes a switch and the recovery speed of the natural turf from the dormant state is remarkably accelerated. Because. Here, if the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf during the growing period is higher than the upper limit of the atmospheric temperature (less than 10 ° C.) during the dormant period described later, the above-mentioned effect of accelerating the recovery speed of the natural turf However, in order to obtain this effect more remarkably, it is preferable to set the atmospheric temperature in the range of 15 to 20 (° C.).

Further, for the same reason as described above, it is preferable to grow the natural turf in the temperature range of 10 to 20 ° C. in the soil where the natural turf is vegetated during the growing period.

In addition, in order to grow natural turf in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium during the growing period, a method of irradiating the natural turf with light by an LED lamp provided in the maintenance device described in detail later is used. Can be adopted. During the growing period in such an indoor environment, for example, the amount of light of the LED lamp is adjusted so that the daily cumulative amount of light for natural turf is 150 to 400 (mol · m- ² · day ^-1). Is preferable.

[Dormancy period]
In the present embodiment, as described above, the growth of natural turf is temporarily stopped during the dormant period.
In general, a stadium (ground) where natural turf is vegetated requires year-round maintenance of natural turf regardless of whether the stadium is used or not. By providing a dormant period of natural turf as in the present embodiment, it is possible to simplify the maintenance of the natural turf during the period when the stadium is not used for competition, and during this dormancy period, the stadium is used for purposes other than competition. It will also be possible to use.
Hereinafter, each condition for stopping the growth of natural turf will be described in detail.

(Atmospheric temperature)
In the present embodiment, the atmospheric temperature at least in the vicinity of the natural turf during the dormant period is adjusted to be more than 0 (° C.) and less than 10 (° C.). By setting the temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf during the dormant period within the above range, the growth (growth) of the natural turf can be substantially stopped while preventing the natural turf from freezing. As a result, the growth of the plant height of the natural lawn can be effectively stopped, so that maintenance such as lawn mowing becomes unnecessary, or the frequency of lawn mowing can be significantly reduced.

If the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is 0 (° C.) or less, there is a risk of freezing, and in the worst case, the natural turf may die. Further, even if the natural turf does not die, it may not be possible to recover from the dormant state, which is not preferable.
On the other hand, if the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is 10 (° C) or higher, it is difficult to stop the growth of the natural turf and it does not become dormant. It becomes difficult to simplify.
In addition, from the viewpoint of surely stopping the growth of natural turf and surely recovering from the dormant state in the subsequent growing period, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is set to more than 0 (° C) and less than 7 (° C). It is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that the temperature is more than 0 (° C.) and 5 (° C.) or less.

In the wintering cold regions of natural turf, the most important thing to avoid is the large temperature difference. Even if the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is maintained at 5 (° C.) or less, the burden on the natural turf increases under environmental conditions with a large temperature difference. In the present invention, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is limited to more than 0 (° C.) and less than 10 (° C.) from the viewpoint of minimizing the temperature difference.

As a method of adjusting the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf within the above range, it can be adjusted by using general air conditioning equipment in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium. Further, when adjusting the atmospheric temperature of only a part of the vicinity of the natural turf vegetated in the soil, it is possible to use a small heater or the like.

(Soil temperature)
In the present embodiment, the temperature of the soil on which the natural turf is vegetated during the dormant period is adjusted to 5 ° C. or higher. By setting the soil temperature during the dormant period to 5 ° C or less, it is possible to prevent frost damage of natural turf due to freezing and promote root growth. Natural turf can be obtained.
In general, it is known that the influence of soil temperature (soil temperature) on the growth (growth) of natural turf plant height is small, so if the atmospheric temperature is adjusted within the above range, it will be natural regardless of the soil temperature. The growth (growth) of the lawn can be almost stopped, and the maintenance such as mowing the lawn becomes easy.

Here, the "soil temperature" defined in the present invention means a temperature closer to the surface (ground surface) of the soil on which the natural turf is vegetated, that is, a temperature near the surface layer of the soil to which the roots of the natural turf stick. .. When the temperature of the surface layer of the soil is 5 ° C. or higher, it becomes possible to promote the growth of the roots of natural turf.

If the temperature of the soil during the dormant period is less than 5 ° C, the freezing of the soil causes frost damage to the natural turf, and in the worst case, the natural turf may die, and the natural turf does not die. Even in this case, it may not be possible to recover from the dormant state, which is not preferable. In addition, if the soil temperature is less than 5 ° C, the roots of natural turf do not grow sufficiently, and it may be difficult to obtain good natural turf with durability at the time of top quality during the subsequent growing period. There is.

Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining the above-mentioned effects, it is more preferable to adjust the temperature of the soil on which the natural turf is vegetated in the range of 5 to 10 ° C. during the dormant period.

(Daily integrated light intensity)
In the present embodiment, the daily cumulative light intensity (DLI) of light with respect to natural turf during the dormant period is in the range ^{of 5 to 15 (mol · m-2} · day ^-1). By setting the atmospheric temperature and soil temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf to the above range during the dormant period, and further setting the daily cumulative amount of light to the natural turf to the above range, especially in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium. In the above, the growth (growth) of the natural turf can be effectively and almost stopped without the natural turf dying.

The daily cumulative amount of light for natural turf during the dormant period is closer to the light-shielding state (0 (zero) (mol · m-2 · day-1)), that is, 5 (mol · m- ² ·. By ^{setting day -1} ) or higher, the growth of natural turf can be effectively stopped. On the other hand, when stopping the growth of natural turf, the daily cumulative amount of light is allowed as long as the amount of light can be reliably stopped and the amount of light does not burn the leaves, so the upper limit is 15 (mol · m. ^-2 . Day ^-1 ).

When the daily cumulative amount of light for natural turf during the dormant period is ^{less than 5 (mol · m -2} · day ^-1 ), the growth of natural turf can be stopped more reliably. However, by giving a small amount of light to the natural turf during the dormant period, nutrients due to photosynthesis are accumulated and the subsequent recovery speed is accelerated, as will be described in detail later. It is preferably about m- ² · day ^-1).

In addition, if the daily cumulative amount of light for natural turf exceeds 15 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), it is difficult to stop the growth of natural turf, and it may be difficult to enter a dormant state. It is necessary to carry out the same upbringing and maintenance as during the upbringing period, and it becomes difficult to simplify the maintenance during the dormant period.

In order to promote the growth (elongation) of the roots of natural turf, it is preferable to set the daily integrated light intensity to the highest possible value. However, if the daily integrated light intensity is set to a high value, the water requirement of natural turf is considered to increase, so that it is necessary to increase the frequency of watering during the dormant period.

Further, also in the dormant period, as in the growing period described above, a method of irradiating natural grass in an indoor environment with light by an LED lamp whose details will be described later can be adopted. In this way, for example, in the case of irradiating natural turf with light with an LED lamp during a dormant period during winter, the LED lamp may be removed and used when the ground is used for purposes other than competition. ..

(Action by temperature and light)
As described above, in the present embodiment, with respect to the natural turf of the cold region type turf grass, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf, the soil temperature, and the daily cumulative amount of light during the dormant period are set as the conditions in the above range. As a result, the growth (growth) of the natural turf can be almost stopped without the natural turf freezing or withering. In this way, the growth of natural lawn is stopped and the plant is put into a dormant state, so that the plant height does not increase, and maintenance such as lawn mowing becomes unnecessary.
On the other hand, by setting the dormant condition of the natural turf within the above range, it is possible to surely recover the natural turf from the dormant state by appropriately setting the condition in the subsequent growing period.
As a result, in particular, in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium, the stadium can be used while the natural turf is dormant even during the winter, and wintering management of the natural turf can be performed easily and at low cost. In addition, the recovery speed of the natural turf during the subsequent growing period can be accelerated, and the durability of the natural turf at the time of top quality can be improved.

It is generally known that natural turf stops growing at low temperatures.
In addition, when light is given to natural turf, nutrients such as sucrose are accumulated by photosynthesis of chlorophyll (chlorophyll). On the other hand, when the light is shielded, the energy stored in the natural turf is consumed. These actions are the same even at low temperatures.
Then, when the temperature returns from the low temperature to the normal temperature, the natural turf starts to grow (starts and recovers from growing), but if there is nutrients accumulated by photosynthesis, the start-up speed at the start of growth increases.
From the viewpoint of nutrient accumulation during dormancy as described above, during the dormant period, the natural turf is illuminated with a light amount that is not too large by means such as supplementary light using LEDs as described above. Is more preferable.

Here, a demonstration experiment of the action according to the present invention will be described with reference to the graphs shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of curing days and the amount of sucrose in the turf grass when the natural turf of the cold region type turf is cured under various conditions in winter in Japan, and FIG. 4 is the number of curing days. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of sucrose and the amount of sucrose, and FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of curing days and the length of the roots of sucrose.

As shown in the graph of FIG. 3, when natural turf is cured with an atmospheric temperature of 5 (° C.) and a soil temperature of 0 to 10 (° C.) in a light-shielded state (DLI = 0), the sucrose is contained. The amount of sucrose has decreased sharply.
In addition, when the natural turf is supplemented with LED and the DLI is set to 5 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), the amount of sucrose in the turf grass continues to increase for more than one month, and once After a slight decrease, it increased a little again and is almost stable.
Further, when the natural turf was supplemented with DLI so as to be 10 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), the amount of sucrose in the turf grass continued to increase for one month or more as described above. After that, it decreased slightly and became almost stable.
From the results shown in the graph of FIG. 3, it can be seen that nutrients are accumulated by continuously applying light to the natural turf.

Further, as shown in the graph of FIG. 4, when the natural turf is cured with the atmospheric temperature set to 5 (° C.) and the soil temperature set to 0 to 10 (° C.) in a light-shielded state (DLI = 0), the turf grass The amount increased to around 0.42 (g / m ² / day) in 10 days, but then started to decrease slightly.
In addition, when the natural turf is supplemented with LED and the DLI is set to 5 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), the amount of turf grass is 0.78 (g / m ² /) in 10 days. Although it increased until around day), it started to decrease after that.
Further, when the natural turf is supplemented so that the DLI is 10 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), the amount of turf grass is 0.78 (g / m) in 10 days as described above. ^{Although it increased to around 2} / day), it started to decrease after that.
From the results shown in the graph of FIG. 4, it can be seen that by keeping the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf at a low temperature, the amount of turf grass can be reduced regardless of the magnitude of the daily integrated light intensity (DLI).

Further, as shown in the graph of FIG. 5, when the natural turf is cured with the atmospheric temperature set to 5 (° C.) and the soil temperature set to 10 (° C.) in a light-shielded state (DLI = 0), the natural turf is cured. The root length of the lawn has turned to a slight shortening after a slight elongation in 16 days.
In addition, when the natural turf is supplemented with LED and the DLI is set to 5 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), the root length of the natural turf is slightly elongated over 16 days. , It has turned to a slight elongation and is in a stable state.
Further, when the natural turf was supplemented so that the DLI was 10 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), the root length of the natural turf grew slightly over 16 days, and then It has turned to a big growth.
From the results shown in the graph of FIG. 5, even when the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is kept at a low temperature, the roots of the natural turf are elongated by giving light while keeping the soil temperature at 5 (° C.) or higher. It turns out that it can be done.

From the results of the above demonstration experiment, by setting the ambient temperature near the natural turf, the soil temperature, and the daily integrated light amount (DLI) within the ranges defined in the present invention, the growth of the natural turf is stopped, while the natural turf is grown. It can be seen that it is possible to increase the nutrients (sucrose) contained in the turf and to extend the roots of the natural turf.

(Other factors)
In the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of more effectively stopping the growth of natural turf during the dormant period and obtaining good natural turf with durability at the time of top quality, the above temperature (atmospheric temperature and soil) In addition to the two elements of temperature) and light, it is more preferable to further adjust each element of nutrient (fertilizer), air, water and soil as follows.

First, the nutrients will be described. During the dormant period, it is more preferable that the amount of fertilizer applied to the soil is in the range of {no fertilizer application to the same amount as the growing period}.
That is, even if fertilizer is not given or fertilizer is given, by setting the upper limit of the fertilizer application amount to the same amount as the growing period, it is possible to more effectively stop the growing of natural turf during the dormant period. Become. In addition, by setting appropriate conditions during the subsequent growing period, it becomes possible to more reliably recover the natural turf from the dormant state.
If the amount of fertilizer applied during the dormant period exceeds the amount of fertilizer applied during the growing period, it is difficult to stop the growing of natural turf and it may be difficult to enter a dormant state. , It becomes difficult to simplify the maintenance.

The method of applying fertilizer is not particularly limited, but for example, the amount of fertilizer applied is about 1/5 to 1/2 of the amount in the normal period (growth period), and the frequency is 2 to 4 times / week in the state of liquid fertilizer. Can be fertilized with.

Next, the air will be described. During the dormant period, it is more preferable that the atmosphere at least in the vicinity of the natural turf is the general atmosphere or the atmosphere in which CO _{2 is increased.}
That is, by setting the atmosphere in the vicinity of the natural turf during the dormant period to the above-mentioned atmosphere, it is possible to more effectively stop the growth of the natural turf. In addition, by setting appropriate conditions during the subsequent growing period, it becomes possible to more reliably recover the natural turf from the dormant state.
Further, as the atmosphere in the vicinity of the natural turf, it is particularly preferable to generate a slight air flow so as not to cause stagnation in the air.

Next, regarding water, it is more preferable to irrigate the soil only when the surface of the soil is dry during the dormant period.
By limiting the irrigation of the soil only when the surface of the soil is dry, it is possible to prevent excessive irrigation and prevent root rot from occurring in the natural turf, so that good natural turf can be obtained. Become.

Next, the soil will be described. In the method for maintaining and managing the natural turf of the present embodiment, it is more preferable that the soil is sandy soil.
Since the soil is sandy soil, drainage is improved as described above, so that root rot and the like can be prevented and good natural turf can be obtained.

<Maintenance device for natural turf for stadium>
1 and 2 show an example of a maintenance device that can be used in the maintenance method of the natural turf for a stadium of the present embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the entire stadium 10 used for baseball, soccer, or the like as an example to which the maintenance method of the present embodiment is applied, and FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view thereof.

As shown in FIG. 1, the maintenance device 1 is installed in the all-weather stadium 10.
The stadium 10 is installed so that the roof 11 is made of a light-transmitting film and covers the indoor space of the stadium 10. Further, in the stadium 10, natural grass 13 is vegetated on the soil 12 forming the ground.

As shown in FIG. 1 or 2, the maintenance device 1 includes an LED lamp 2 that irradiates the natural grass 13 vegetated in the soil 12 and road heating that is buried in the soil 12 and heats the soil 12. 3 and. Further, although not shown, a temperature sensor for detecting the atmospheric temperature is provided in the vicinity of the natural turf 13, and a ground temperature sensor for detecting the temperature is provided in the soil 12.
Further, the maintenance device 1 is provided with a control device (not shown) in which the detection signals of the above-mentioned air temperature sensor and ground temperature sensor are input. Then, this control device first controls the illuminance of the LED lamp 2 to bring the daily integrated light intensity of the light radiated to the natural turf 13 into the range of ^{5 to 15 (mol · m-2} · day ^-1). adjust. Further, the above control device controls the air conditioner (not shown) based on the detection signal of the air temperature sensor, so that the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf 13 is more than 0 (° C.) and less than 10 (° C.). Adjust to range. Further, the above control device keeps the temperature of the soil 12 at 5 (° C.) or higher by controlling the calorific value of the load heating 3 based on the detection signal of the soil temperature sensor.

In the present embodiment, by using the maintenance device 1 having the above configuration, the dormant period of the natural turf 13 in the winter period is the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf 13, the temperature of the soil 12, and the light for the natural turf 13. The daily integrated light amount is adjusted to the above range, and the natural turf 13 is put into a dormant state while the stadium 10 is used for an event other than the competition. Further, in the growing period of the natural turf 13 in the subsequent spring period, for example, by setting the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf 13 in the range of 15 to 20 (° C.), the natural turf 13 recovers from the dormant state.

[Action effect]
As described above, according to the maintenance method of the natural turf for the stadium of the present embodiment, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf during the dormant period exceeds 0 (° C) with respect to the natural turf of the cold region type turf grass. The conditions should be less than 10 (° C), the soil temperature should be 5 (° C) or higher, and the daily cumulative amount of light for natural turf should be in the range of ^{5 to 15 (mol · m-2} · day ^-1). By doing so, it is possible to prevent the frost damage of the natural turf due to freezing and to promote the growth of roots while substantially stopping the growth (growth) of the natural turf. That is, the dormant natural lawn does not grow in height, so maintenance such as mowing is not required.
Further, by setting the dormant condition of the natural turf within the above range, the natural turf can be reliably recovered from the dormant state by appropriately setting the condition in the subsequent growing period.
Therefore, in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium equipped with a retractable roof or a light-transmitting membrane roof, it is possible to manage the wintering of natural turf easily and at low cost while using the stadium even during the winter. At the same time, it is possible to improve the durability of natural turf at the time of top quality.

Next, examples of the present invention will be shown and the present invention will be described in more detail, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples.

In this example, in order to confirm the effect of the dormancy period specified in the present invention, the growing condition was confirmed after curing the natural turf for 30 days under the conditions of Experimental Examples 1 to 5 shown in Table 1 below. ..
In this example, Kentucky bluegrass, which is a cold region type turf grass, was used as the natural turf to be cultivated.
In addition, each test in this example was carried out by a laboratory experiment.
In Experimental Example 1 shown in Table 1 below, the light-shielding condition was set, and the supplementary light for the natural turf in Experimental Examples 2 to 5 was carried out by an LED lamp. The amount of light was adjusted so as to be.

Further, in this example, as Experimental Example 6, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is 15 to -20 (° C.) as the growing period, as compared with the natural turf cured under the condition of the dormant period of Experimental Example 5. The amount of light of the LED lamp was adjusted so that the daily integrated light amount of light was 15 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^{-1), and the natural grass was irradiated with light.}
Further, as Experimental Example 7, the natural turf cured under the condition of the dormant period of Experimental Example 2 was further exposed to the outside air during the growing period.
In each of the above experimental examples, fertilization was appropriately carried out.

Then, in order to confirm the growing condition of the natural turf in each experimental example, the plant height and the root elongation dimension were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

As shown in Table 1, in Experimental Example 1, the atmospheric temperature condition of the natural turf was set to 5 (° C), the soil temperature was set to 5 (° C), the light was not supplemented by the LED lamp, and the light was almost completely shielded. The plant height was 5 mm or less, and the root growth was 5 mm or less.

In addition, the atmospheric temperature condition of natural turf is set to 5 (° C), the temperature of soil is set to 5 (° C), and supplementary light is performed by an LED lamp while blocking light from the outside, and the daily integrated light amount of light is 5 (mol. In ^{Experimental Example 2 with m -2} and day ^-1 ), the plant height elongation was 5 mm or less, and the root elongation was also 5 mm or less.
In addition, the atmospheric temperature condition of natural turf is set to 5 (° C), the temperature of soil is set to 5 (° C), and supplementary light is performed by an LED lamp while blocking light from the outside, and the daily integrated light amount of light is 10 (mol. In ^{Experimental Example 3 with m -2} and day ^-1 ), the plant height elongation was 5 mm or less, and the root elongation was also 5 mm or less.

In addition, the atmospheric temperature condition of natural turf is set to 5 (° C), the temperature of soil is set to 5 (° C), and supplementary light is performed by an LED lamp while blocking light from the outside, and the daily integrated light amount of light is 15 (mol. In ^{Experimental Example 4 in which m -2} and day ^-1 ) were set, the plant height elongation was 5 mm or less, and the root elongation was also 5 mm or less.

In addition, the atmospheric temperature condition of natural turf is set to 5 (° C), the temperature of soil is set to 10 (° C), and supplementary light is performed by an LED lamp while blocking light from the outside, and the daily integrated light amount of light is 5 (mol. In ^{Experimental Example 5 with m -2} and day ^-1 ), the plant height elongation was 5 mm or less, and the root elongation was 10 mm or more.

Further, with respect to the natural turf cured during the dormant period under the condition of Experimental Example 2, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf was set to 20 (° C.), and the daily cumulative amount of light was 15 (mol · m- ² · day ^{−). In} Experimental Example 6 in which a growing period of 2 weeks was provided as 1), the plant height elongation was 10 mm or less, and the root elongation was 40 mm or more.
Further, with respect to the natural turf cured under the dormant period under the condition of Experimental Example 5, the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf was set to 20 (° C.), and the daily cumulative amount of light was 15 (mol · m- ² · day ^{−). In} Experimental Example 7 in which a growing period of 2 weeks was provided as 1), the plant height elongation was 10 mm or less, and the root elongation was 55 mm or more.

From the results of Experimental Examples 2, 3 and 4 above, in the cultivation of natural turf (elongation of plant height), the atmospheric temperature condition was set to a low temperature state of 10 (° C.) or less, and the daily cumulative amount of light was 15 (mol. It can be seen that the temperature is almost stopped by setting ^{m -2} and day ^{-1) or less.} In addition, from the results of Experimental Examples 2 and 3, it can be seen that by setting the soil temperature to 5 ° C. or higher, the plant height growth is almost stopped during the dormant period, while the roots grow.
Further, from the results of Experimental Example 6, with respect to natural grass which was cured under the conditions of dormancy period shown in Experimental Example 2, further, the ambient temperature 20 (° C.), the days cumulative amount of light 15 (mol · m ^{- It} can be seen that when the growing period of 2 weeks is set as 2.day ^-1 ), the natural turf rapidly recovers from the dormant state and becomes the growing state.

On the other hand, in Experimental Example 1 in which the dormancy period was set in an almost completely shaded state, the growth of natural turf was almost stopped, and the root growth was also stopped, as in Experimental Examples 2 and 3. I understand.
Further, in Experimental Example 4 in which the daily cumulative amount of light during the dormant period ^{was set to 15 (mol · m-2} · day ^-1 ), it can be seen that the growth of natural turf was not completely stopped.
Further, in Experimental Example 5 in which the soil temperature during the dormant period was set as low as 2 (° C.), it can be seen that the growth of natural turf was almost stopped, while the growth of roots was also stopped.

Based on the results of the examples described above, the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is set to a low temperature condition, and the soil temperature is adjusted to a certain level or higher with respect to the natural turf of the cold region type turf. By setting the daily integrated light amount to 5 to 15 (mol · m ^-2 · day ^-1 ), the natural grass can be grown while preventing the freezing damage of the natural grass due to freezing and promoting the growth of roots. It became clear that it could be almost stopped and put into a dormant state. That is, it was confirmed that the dormant natural turf does not grow in height, so maintenance such as mowing is unnecessary.
In addition, it was confirmed that the natural turf rapidly escapes from the dormant state and grows by setting the dormant conditions of the natural turf within the above range and appropriately setting the conditions in the subsequent growing period.
Therefore, by applying the maintenance method of the natural turf for the stadium according to the present invention, it is easy to manage the overwintering of the natural turf in an indoor environment such as an all-weather stadium while using the stadium even during the winter. Moreover, it has been clarified that it can be carried out at low cost and that it is possible to improve the durability of natural turf at the time of top quality.

The method for maintaining and managing natural turf for stadiums of the present invention can improve the durability of natural turf at the time of top quality by appropriately managing the growth of natural turf in an indoor environment during winter. It is possible to manage the wintering of natural turf easily and at low cost while using the stadium. Therefore, according to the present invention, for example, in an all-weather stadium where various sports such as baseball, soccer, rugby, and tennis are held, natural turf is used for multiple purposes in regional exchanges, concerts, exhibitions, etc. even in winter. It can be widely applied to maintenance.

1 ... Maintenance device (maintenance device for natural turf for stadium)
2 ... LED lamp 3 ... Road heating 10 ... Stadium 11 ... Roof 12 ... Soil 13 ... Natural grass

Claims (7)

It is a maintenance method of natural turf for stadiums, which maintains the natural turf of cold-season type turf that grows in the soil of the stadium.
A growing period for growing the natural turf and a dormant period for temporarily stopping the growing of the natural turf are alternately provided.
During the dormant period, the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is at least 0 (° C.) and less than 10 (° C.), the soil temperature is 5 (° C.) or more, and the day of light for the natural turf. A method for maintaining and managing natural turf for a stadium, wherein the integrated light amount is in the range of 5 to 15 (mol · m- ² · day ^-1). The maintenance method for a natural turf for a stadium according to claim 1, wherein the dormant period is such that the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf is at least 5 (° C.) or less. The natural turf for stadium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dormant period ranges from the amount of fertilizer applied to the soil to the range of {no fertilizer to the same amount as the growing period}. Maintenance method. The stadium use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dormant period is at least an atmosphere in the vicinity of the natural turf to be a general atmosphere or an atmosphere in which CO _{2 is increased.} Maintenance method of natural turf. The maintenance of the natural turf for stadium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dormant period irrigates the soil only when the surface of the soil is dry. Method. The method for maintaining and managing natural turf for a stadium according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the soil is sandy soil. Claims 1 to 6, wherein after the end of the dormant period, the natural turf is grown in the growing period with the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the natural turf in the range of 15 to 20 (° C.). The maintenance method for natural turf for stadiums described in any one of the items.

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