JP2021100981A - 保湿剤の経皮吸収促進組成物 - Google Patents
保湿剤の経皮吸収促進組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
近年、親/疎水性が異なる有効成分や経皮吸収促進剤を同時に配合可能とし、有効成分の溶解性や活性を向上させることが期待できるという観点から、マイクロエマルション技術を応用したゲル化物の経皮吸収製剤への応用が注目されている。例えばレシチンを用いたw/oマイクロエマルションゲル[非特許文献1、2]や、カルボキシポリマーやキサンタンガムなどの増粘剤を用いたo/wマイクロエマルションゲル[非特許文献3]が提案されている。
従来型のヒドロゲルとしては、高分子鎖が架橋されて3次元網目構造を形成し、これが水などの媒体間と非共有結合を形成して膨潤することにより形成される高分子ゲルが挙げられる。また近年、比較的低分子量の有機化合物の自己集合化からなるヒドロゲルが見出され、種々検討されている。これまでにも疎水部である長鎖アルキル基と親水性部を組み合わせた両親媒性化合物である低分子ゲル化剤に関する多くの提案がある。例えば、親水性部がアミノ酸のもの[非特許文献4]、ペプチドのもの[特許文献1、2]、単多糖類[非特許文献5、6]又はポリオール[非特許文献7]であるものが挙げられる。また、バリンにより構成されたペプチドがβ−シート構造を容易に取ることを利用した低分子ゲル化剤[非特許文献8]も提案されている。
また上記マイクロエマルションゲルを使用した経皮吸収製剤を皮膚に適用するにあたっては、有効成分の経皮吸収性も問題となる。
また本発明者らは、経皮吸収基材を構成するゲルのゲル化剤として、低分子脂質ペプチド又はその薬学的に使用可能な塩からなる脂質ペプチド型化合物を採用することにより、疎水性成分を含有する安定的なo/wエマルションゲルを得られることを見出した。
そして、表皮の最外層に位置する角層(角質層)のバリア機能によって皮膚浸透性が阻害されていた親水性薬物であっても、疎水性成分であるミリスチン酸イソプロピル等(経皮吸収促進剤)の働きによって角層の構造が乱れることにより、皮膚への浸透性が向上すること、すなわち、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル等の疎水性成分を経皮吸収基材の一成分として採用することにより、有効成分の肌への浸透量の増大が期待される経皮吸収基材として有用なゲルとなることを見出した。
第2観点として、さらに、炭素原子数8乃至20の脂肪酸のエステル、スクワラン、オリーブ油、プロピレングリコールジカプリレート及び流動パラフィンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の経皮吸収促進剤を用いる、第1観点に記載の方法に関する。
第3観点として、前記経皮吸収促進剤は、ミリスチン酸イソプロピルである、第2観点に記載の方法に関する。
〔3〕前記経皮吸収促進剤がミリスチン酸イソプロピルである、〔1〕に記載の経皮吸収
基材。
〔3〕ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノラウレート(CAS登録番号9005−64−5)をさらに含有する、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の経皮吸収基材。
上記脂質ペプチド型化合物を用いた経皮吸収基材は、疎水性化合物(ミリスチン酸イソプロピル等の炭素原子数8乃至20の脂肪酸のエステル、スクワラン、オリーブ油、プロピレングリコールジカプリレート及び流動パラフィンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種)と水から構成されるo/wエマルションをゲル化剤(脂質ペプチド型化合物)によって安定的にゲル化したo/wエマルションゲルである。そのため、親水性/疎水性が異なる物質、例えば経皮吸収剤と有効成分とを同時に配合した場合においても、ゲル化剤によって安定的なo/wエマルションゲルを形成でき、経皮吸収基材として有用である。
また上記脂質ペプチド型化合物を用いた経皮吸収基材は、経皮吸収促進剤であるミリスチン酸イソプロピル等の化合物を含有してなる。ミリスチン酸イソプロピルを始めとする疎水性化合物は、肌に適用された場合、表皮の最外層に位置する角層(角質層)の構造を乱すため、親水性化合物(有効成分)の浸透性が向上すると考えられる。そのため、該基材に有効成分を配合した経皮吸収製剤は、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル等の疎水性化合物によって配合された有効成分の皮膚への浸透性を優れたものとすることができる。
さらに上記脂質ペプチド型化合物は、例えば従来提案されている合成高分子型のゲルを形成時に必要とされた架橋剤等を用いずに、o/wエマルションをゲル化させてゲルを形成することができるため、得られるゲルにおいて未反応の架橋剤などの未反応物質の残存といった問題が起こらない。しかも経皮吸収基材に含まれる脂質ペプチド型化合物は、わずか1質量%程度の添加量にてゲルを形成でき、環境や生体内で取り込まれた際に負荷が少ない。
また本願明細書に開示された経皮吸収基材に係る発明は、前述の脂質ペプチド型化合物とミリスチン酸イソプロピル等の炭素原子数8乃至20の脂肪酸のエステル、スクワラン、オリーブ油、プロピレングリコールジカプリレート及び流動パラフィンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の経皮吸収促進剤、及び水を含有するものであり、詳細には、これらを含むo/wエマルションゲルである。
本発明の親水性薬物を経皮吸収させる方法では、例えば前述の脂質ペプチド型化合物を上記の経皮吸収基材の形態として用いることができる。従って、後述する経皮吸収基材に使用可能な成分も本発明の方法において同様に使用可能である。
本発明の方法に用いられ、また経皮吸収基材に用いる脂質ペプチド型化合物としては、下記式(1)乃至式(3)で表される化合物(脂質ペプチド)又はその薬学的に使用可能な塩(疎水性部位である脂質部と親水性部位であるペプチド部とを有する低分子化合物)を用いることができる。
R1は及び隣接するカルボニル基で構成される脂質部(アシル基)の具体例としては、ラウロイル基、ドデシルカルボニル基、ミリストイル基、テトラデシルカルボニル基、パルミトイル基、マルガロイル基、オレオイル基、エライドイル基、リノレオイル基、ステアロイル基、バクセノイル基、オクタデシルカルボニル基、アラキドイル基、エイコシルカルボニル基、ベヘノイル基、エルカノイル基、ドコシルカルボニル基、リグノセイル基、ネルボノイル基等を挙げることができ、特に好ましいものとして、ラウロイル基、ミリストイル基、パルミトイル基、マルガロイル基、ステアロイル基、オレオイル基、エライドイル基及びベヘノイル基が挙げられる。
上記炭素原子数1若しくは2の分岐鎖を有し得る炭素原子数1乃至4のアルキル基とは、主鎖の炭素原子数が1乃至4であり、かつ炭素原子数1若しくは2の分岐鎖を有し得るアルキル基を意味し、その具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、i−ブチル基、sec−ブチル基又はtert−ブチル基などが挙げられる。
炭素原子数1の分岐鎖を有し得る炭素原子数1乃至3のアルキル基とは、主鎖の炭素原子数が1乃至3であり、かつ炭素原子数1の分岐鎖を有し得るアルキル基を意味し、その具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、i−ブチル基又はsec−ブチル基などが挙げられ、好ましくはメチル基、i−プロピル基、i−ブチル基又はsec−ブチル基である。
上記R3を表す−(CH2)n−X基において、Xは好ましくはアミノ基、グアニジノ基、カルバモイル基(−CONH2基)、ピロール基、イミダゾール基、ピラゾール基又はインドール基であり、より好ましくはイミダゾール基である。また、上記−(CH2)n−X基において、nは好ましくは1又は2であり、より好ましくは1である。
従って、上記−(CH2)n−基は、好ましくはアミノメチル基、2−アミノエチル基、3−アミノプロピル基、4−アミノブチル基、カルバモイルメチル基、2−カルバモイルエチル基、3−カルバモイルブチル基、2−グアニジノエチル基、3−グアニジノブチル基、ピロールメチル基、4−イミダゾールメチル基、ピラゾールメチル基、又は3−インドールメチル基を表し、より好ましくは4−アミノブチル基、カルバモイルメチル基、2−カルバモイルエチル基、3−グアニジノブチル基、4−イミダゾールメチル基又は3−インドールメチル基を表し、さらに好ましくは4−イミダゾールメチル基である。
ys、ステアロイル−Ala−His、ステアロイル−Ala−Gln、ステアロイル−Ala−Asn、ステアロイル−Ala−Trp、ステアロイル−Ala−Lys。
上記式(2)において、R5乃至R7は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、又は炭素原子数1若しくは2の分枝鎖を有し得る炭素原子数1乃至4のアルキル基、又は−(CH2)n−X基を表し、望ましくはR5乃至R7のうち少なくとも一つ以上が−(CH2)n−X基を表す。nは1乃至4の数を表し、Xはアミノ基、グアニジノ基、−CONH2基、又は窒素原子を1乃至3個有し得る5員環式基若しくは6員環式基、又は5員環と6員環から構成される縮合複素環式基を表す。ここでR5乃至R7の好ましい具体例としては、前出のR2及びR3で定義したものと同じ基が挙げられる。
上記式(3)において、R9乃至R12は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、又は炭素原子数1若しくは2の分枝鎖を有し得る炭素原子数1乃至4のアルキル基、又は−(CH2)n−X基を表し、望ましくはR9乃至R12のうち少なくとも一つ以上が−(CH2)n−X基を表す。nは1乃至4の数を表し、Xはアミノ基、グアニジノ基、−CONH2基、又は窒素原子を1乃至3個有し得る5員環式基若しくは6員環式基、又は5員環と6員環から構成される縮合複素環式基を表す。ここでR9乃至R12の好ましい具体例としては、前出のR2及びR3で定義したものと同じ基が挙げられる。
したがって上記式(3)で表される化合物において、好適な脂質ペプチド型化合物として、特に好適な脂質ペプチドとしては、ラウロイル−Gly−Gly−Gly−His、ミリストイル−Gly−Gly−Gly−His、パルミトイル−Gly−Gly−Gly−His、パルミトイル−Gly−Gly−His−Gly、パルミトイル−Gly−His−Gly−Gly、パルミトイル−His−Gly−Gly−Gly、ステアロイル−Gly−Gly−Gly−His等が挙げられる。
なお本発明において用いられる脂質ペプチド型化合物は、上記式(1)乃至式(3)で表される化合物(脂質ペプチド)又はその薬学的な使用可能な塩のうちの少なくとも一種からなり、またゲル化剤としてこれら化合物を単独で、或いは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本発明の方法では、さらに経皮吸収促進剤として炭素原子数8乃至20の脂肪酸のエステル、スクワラン、オリーブ油、プロピレングリコールジカプリレート及び流動パラフィンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の化合物を使用することができる。また本願明細書に開示された経皮吸収基材は上記の経皮吸収促進剤を使用する。
上記炭素原子数8乃至20の脂肪酸のエステルとしては、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、ミリスチン酸ミリスチル、ミリスチン酸オクチルドデシル、パルミチン酸セチル等が挙げられる。
これら経皮吸収促進剤の中でも、ミリスチン酸イソプロピルが好適に使用される。
本願明細書に開示された経皮吸収基材において、上記化合物の配合量は、得られるゲル(経皮吸収基材)の総質量に対して、例えば1乃至50質量%、好ましくは、10乃至50質量%である。
ウリン酸ジエタノールアミド、サリチル酸メチル、サリチル酸エチレングリコール、ケイ皮酸、ケイ皮酸メチル、クレゾール、乳酸セチル、乳酸ラウリル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、ゲラニオール、チモール、オイゲノール、テルピネオール、L−メントール、ボルネオロール、d−リモネン、イソオイゲノール、イソボルネオール、ネロール、dl−カンフル、グリセリンモノカプリレート、グリセリンモノカプレート、グリセリンモノラウレート、グリセリンモノオレエート、ソルビタンモノラウレート、ショ糖モノラウレート、ポリソルベート20、プロピレングリコールモノラウレート、プロピレングリコールモノカプリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノラウレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、ホホバオイル、シリコン油、n−メチル−2−ピロリドン、dl−カンフル、ハッカ油などが挙げられる。
本願明細書に開示された経皮吸収基材、すなわちo/wエマルションゲルの調製に際し、エマルション自体の経時的安定性を向上でき、またエマルション中の均一な上記経皮吸収促進剤の液滴を形成を容易とすることから、o/wエマルションに界面活性剤を配合することが好ましい。
こうした界面活性剤の具体例としては、ソルビタンモノラウレート〔和光純薬工業(株)製「Span20」(登録商標)HLB=8.6〕などのソルビタンモノ脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノラウレート〔和光純薬工業(株)製「Tween20」(登録商標)、HLB=16.7〕、ポリオキシエチレン(4)ソルビタンモノステアレート(HLB=9.6)、ポリオキシエチレン(5)ソルビタンモノオレエート(HLB=10.0)、ポリオキシエチレン(4)ソルビタントリステアレート(HLB=10.5)、ポリオキシエチレン(4)ソルビタントリオレエート(HLB=11.0)、ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(HLB=14.9)などのポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル;等を挙げることができる。
中でも、ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノラウレートが最も好ましい。
上記界面活性剤の配合量は、得られるゲル(経皮吸収基材)の総質量に対して、例えば0.1乃至20質量%、好ましくは、0.5乃至10質量%である。
本願明細書に開示された経皮吸収基材(すなわちo/wエマルションゲル)は、上記特定の経皮吸収促進剤と水、所望により界面活性剤を含有するo/wエマルションに、ゲル化剤である脂質ペプチド型化合物を添加し、これらを高められた温度で撹拌して均一に分散させた後、室温(約25℃)で静置することにより得られる。
但し本願明細書に開示された経皮吸収基材は、化粧品又は医薬部外品への適用を考慮すると、経皮吸収製剤の有効成分として配合する成分等の熱的安定性の観点からより温和な条件下で調製されることが好ましい。
すなわち、より低温条件で調製工程を実施できること、具体的には上記脂質ペプチド型化合物が例えば100℃未満の温度にてo/wエマルションゲルの形成が可能となり、また冷却時に撹拌をしながらでもゲルが形成できる条件を備えることが望ましい。
こうした条件を考慮すると、脂質ペプチド型化合物をそのままo/wエマルションに添加するのではなく、該化合物の溶解性が高い溶媒に一旦溶解・分散させて溶液(分散液)とし、これを謂わばゲル化材料のプレミックスとしてo/wエマルションに配合することにより経皮吸収基材を製造することが好ましい。こうしたプレミックスを用いることによ
り、上述の温和な条件下でもo/wエマルションゲルを得ることができる。
上記1,2−アルカンジオールの具体例としては、1,2−ペンタンジオール、1,2−ヘキサンジオール、1,2−オクタンジオール及び1,2−デカンジオールなどが挙げられる。好ましくは、1,2−ペンタンジオール、1,2−ヘキサンジオール、1,2−オクタンジオールが挙げられる。さらに好ましくは、1,2−ペンタンジオール又は1,2−ヘキサンジオールである。
上記1,3−アルカンジオールの具体例としては、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール及び1,3−ブタンジオールなどが挙げられる。好ましくは、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオールである。
また上記エチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルとしては、アルキル基がメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基又はブチル基のアルキルエーテルが好ましいものとして挙げられ、すなわちエチレングリコールのモノエチルエーテル、モノプロピルエーテル又はモノブチルエーテルが挙げられる。さらに好ましくは、エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル又はエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルである。
なお上記アルコールは上述のアルコール群の少なくとも一種であり、これらアルコールを単独で、或いは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記プレミックスに高分子乳化剤を添加することで、ゲル調製時に攪拌を行った場合でもゲルを与えることができる。この高分子乳化剤として、親水性の主鎖に疎水性部位をグラフトさせたグラフト高分子化合物及び疎水性構成単位と親水性構成単位からなるブロック高分子化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の高分子化合物を配合し得る。
前記疎水性構成単位と親水性構成単位からなるブロック高分子化合物としては、例えばアクリル酸・メタクリル酸アルキル共重合体等が挙げられる。
特に前記高分子化合物としては、カルボキシメチルセルロース及びアルギン酸エステルからなる群から選択される化合物が好ましく、特にアルギン酸プロピレングリコールが好ましい。
なお上記高分子乳化剤は、グラフト高分子化合物及びブロック高分子化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、これら高分子化合物を単独で、或いは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記プレミックスには耐熱性向上剤として、脂肪酸を添加することができる。
上記脂肪酸としては、以下に挙げる飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸並びにそれらの塩を挙げることができる:カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ウンデカン酸、ラウリン酸、トリデカン酸、ミリスチン酸、ペンタデカン酸、パルミチン酸、マルガリン酸、ステアリン酸、ノナデカン酸、アラキジン酸等の直鎖飽和脂肪酸並びにそれらの塩;2−ブチル−5−メチルペンタン酸、2−イソブチル−5−メチルペンタン酸、ジメチルオクタン酸、ジメチルノナン酸、2−ブチル−5−メチルヘキサン酸、メチルウンデカン酸、ジメチルデカン酸、2−エチル−3−メチルノナン酸、2,2−ジメチル−4−エチルオクタン酸、メチルドコサン酸、2−プロピル−3−メチルノナン酸、メチルトリデカン酸、ジメチルドデカン酸、2−ブチル−3−メチルノナン酸、メチルテトラデカン酸、エチルトリデカン酸、プロピルドデカン酸、ブチルウンデカン酸、ペンチルデカン酸、ヘキシルノナン酸、2−(3−メチルブチル)−3−メチルノナン酸、2−(2−メチルブチル)−3−メチルノナン酸、ブチルエチルノナン酸、メチルペンタデカン酸、エチルテトラデカン酸、プロピルトリデカン酸、ブチルドデカン酸、ペンチルウンデカン酸、ヘキシルデカン酸、ヘプチルノナン酸、ジメチルテトラデカン酸、ブチルペンチルヘプタン酸、トリメチルトリデカン酸、メチルヘキサデカン酸、エチルペンタデカン酸、プロピルテトラデカン酸、ブチルトリデカン酸、ペンチルドデカン酸、ヘキシルウンデカン酸、ヘプチルデカン酸、メチルヘプチルノナン酸、ジペンチルヘプタン酸、メチルヘプタデカン酸、エチルヘキサデカン酸、エチルヘキサデカン酸、プロピルペンタデカン酸、ブチルテトラデカン酸、ペンチルトリデカン酸、ヘキシルドデカン酸、ヘプチルウンデカン酸、オクチルデカン酸、ジメチルヘキサデカン酸、メチルオクチルノナン酸、メチルオクタデカン酸、エチルヘプタデカン酸、ジメチルヘプタデカン酸、メチルオクチルデカン酸、メチルノナデカン酸、メチルノナデカン酸、ジメチルオクタデカン酸、ブチルヘプチルノナン酸等の分枝状飽和脂肪酸並びにそれらの塩;オクテン酸、ノネン酸、デセン酸、カプロレイン酸、ウンデシレン酸、リンデル酸、トウハク酸、ラウロレイン酸、トリデセン酸、ツズ酸、ミリストレイン酸、ペンタデセン酸、ヘキセデセン酸、パルミトレイン酸、ヘプタデセン酸、オクタデセン酸、オレイン酸、ノナデセン酸、ゴンドイン酸等の直鎖モノ不飽和脂肪酸並びにそれらの塩;メチルヘプテン酸、メチルノネン酸、メチルウンデセン酸、ジメチルデセン酸、メチルドデセン酸、メチルトリデセン酸、ジメチルドデセン酸、ジメチルトリデセン酸、メチルオクタデセン酸、ジメチルヘプタデセン酸、エチルオクタデセン酸等の分枝状不飽和モノ脂肪酸並びにそれらの塩;リノール酸、リノエライジン酸、エレオステアリン酸、リノレン酸、リノレンエライジン酸、プソイドエレオステアリン酸、パリナリン酸、アラキドン酸等の直鎖ジ不飽和脂肪酸又は直鎖トリ不飽和脂肪酸並びにそれらの塩;オクチン酸、ノニン酸、デシン酸、ウンデシン酸、ドデシン酸、トリデシン酸、テトラデシン酸、ペンタデシン酸、ヘプタデシン酸、オクタデシン酸、ノナデシン酸、ジメチルオクタデシン酸等のアセチレン酸並びにそれらの塩など。
ここで上述の脂肪酸の塩とは、例えばナトリウム塩、カリウム塩が挙げられる。
なお上記耐熱性向上剤は、上記脂肪酸群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、これら脂肪酸を単独で、或いは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記プレミックスは、前述の脂質ペプチド型化合物にアルコールを添加し、室温以上100℃未満、好ましくは50℃乃至90℃、より好ましくは60℃乃至90℃、例えば80℃にて撹拌し、所望により、その後、耐熱性向上剤、化粧品用及び/又は医薬部外品用の添加剤を加えて撹拌することにより、製造可能である。
本発明の方法、並びに上記経皮吸収基材には、必要に応じて一般的に化粧品用添加剤及び医薬部外品用添加剤として使用可能な添加剤を使用・配合することができる。化粧品又は医薬部外品等の皮膚外用剤に配合される生理活性物質及び機能性物質等の添加成分としては、例えば油性基剤、保湿剤、感触向上剤、界面活性剤、高分子、増粘・ゲル化剤、溶剤、酸化防止剤、還元剤、酸化剤、防腐剤、抗菌剤、殺菌剤、キレート剤、pH調整剤、酸、アルカリ、粉体、無機塩、紫外線吸収剤、美白剤、ビタミン類及びその誘導体類、育毛用薬剤、血行促進剤、刺激剤、ホルモン類、抗しわ剤、抗老化剤、ひきしめ剤、冷感剤、温感剤、創傷治癒促進剤、刺激緩和剤、鎮痛剤、細胞賦活剤、植物・動物・微生物エキス、鎮痒剤、角質剥離・溶解剤、制汗剤、清涼剤、収れん剤、酵素、核酸、香料、色素、着色剤、染料、顔料、消炎剤、抗炎症剤、抗喘息、抗慢性閉塞性肺疾患、抗アレルギー、免疫調整剤、抗感染症剤及び抗真菌剤等が挙げられる。
素添加卵黄リン脂質、部分水素添加卵黄リン脂質等のリン脂質誘導体類;コレステロール、ジヒドロコレステロール、ラノステロール、ジヒドロラノステロール、フィトステロール、コール酸等のステロール類;サポゲニン類;サポニン類;酢酸コレステリル、ノナン酸コレステリル、ステアリン酸コレステリル、イソステアリン酸コレステリル、オレイン酸コレステリル、N−ラウロイル−L−グルタミン酸ジ(コレステリル/ベヘニル/オクチルドデシル)、N−ラウロイル−L−グルタミン酸ジ(コレステリル/オクチルドデシル)、N−ラウロイル−L−グルタミン酸ジ(フィトステリル/ベヘニル/オクチルドデシル)、N−ラウロイル−L−グルタミン酸ジ(フィトステリル/オクチルドデシル)、N−ラウロイルサルコシンイソプロピル等のアシルサルコシンアルキルエステル、12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸コレステリル、マカデミアナッツ油脂肪酸コレステリル、マカデミアナッツ油脂肪酸フィトステリル、イソステアリン酸フィトステリル、軟質ラノリン脂肪酸コレステリル、硬質ラノリン脂肪酸コレステリル、長鎖分岐脂肪酸コレステリル、長鎖α−ヒドロキシ脂肪酸コレステリル等のステロールエステル類;リン脂質・コレステロール複合体、リン脂質・フィトステロール複合体等の脂質複合体;ミリスチン酸オクチルドデシル、ミリスチン酸ヘキシルデシル、イソステアリン酸オクチルドデシル、パリミチン酸セチル、パルミチン酸オクチルドデシル、オクタン酸セチル、オクタン酸ヘキシルデシル、イソノナン酸イソトリデシル、イソノナン酸イソノニル、イソノナン酸オクチル、イソノナン酸イソトリデシル、ネオペンタン酸イソデシル、ネオペンタン酸イソトリデシル、ネオペンタン酸イソステアリル、ネオデカン酸オクチルドデシル、オレイン酸オレイル、オレイン酸オクチルドデシル、リシノレイン酸オクチルドデシル、ラノリン脂肪酸オクチルドデシル、ジメチルオクタン酸ヘキシルデシル、エルカ酸オクチルドデシル、イソステアリン酸硬化ヒマシ油、オレイン酸エチル、アボカド油脂肪酸エチル、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、パルミチン酸オクチル、イソステアリン酸イソプロピル、ラノリン脂肪酸イソプロピル、セバチン酸ジエチル、セバチン酸ジイソプロピル、セバチン酸ジオクチル、アジピン酸ジイソプロピル、セバチン酸ジブチルオクチル、アジピン酸ジイソブチル、コハク酸ジオクチル、クエン酸トリエチル等のモノアルコールカルボン酸エステル類;乳酸セチル、リンゴ酸ジイソステアリル、モノイソステアリン酸水添ヒマシ油等のオキシ酸エステル類;トリオクタン酸グリセリル、トリオレイン酸グリセリル、トリイソステアリン酸グリセリル、ジイソステアリン酸グリセリル、トリ(カプリル酸/カプリン酸)グリセリル、トリ(カプリル酸/カプリン酸/ミリスチン酸/ステアリン酸)グリセリル、水添ロジントリグリセリド(水素添加エステルガム)、ロジントリグリセリド(エステルガム)、ベヘン酸エイコサン二酸グリセリル、トリオクタン酸トリメチロールプロパン、トリイソステアリン酸トリメチロールプロパン、ジオクタン酸ネオペンチルグリコール、ジカプリン酸ネオペンチルグリコール、ジオクタン酸2−ブチル−2−エチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、ジオレイン酸プロピレングリコール、テトラオクタン酸ペンタエリスリチル、水素添加ロジンペンタエリスリチル、トリエチルヘキサン酸ジトリメチロールプロパン、(イソステアリン酸/セバシン酸)ジトリメチロールプロパン、トリエチルヘキサン酸ペンタエリスリチル、(ヒドロキシステアリン酸/ステアリン酸/ロジン酸)ジペンタエリスリチル、ジイソステアリン酸ジグリセリル、テトライソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル、ノナイソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル−10、デカ(エルカ酸/イソステアリン酸/リシノレイン酸)ポリグリセリル−8、(ヘキシルデカン酸/セバシン酸)ジグリセリルオリゴエステル、ジステアリン酸グリコール(ジステアリン酸エチレングリコール)、ジネオペンタン酸3−メチル−1,5−ペンタンジオール、ジネオペンタン酸2,4−ジエチル−1,5−ペンタンジオール等の多価アルコール脂肪酸エステル類;ダイマージリノール酸ジイソプロピル、ダイマージリノール酸ジイソステアリル、ダイマージリノール酸ジ(イソステアリル/フィトステリル)、ダイマージリノール酸(フィトステリル/ベヘニル)、ダイマージリノール酸(フィトステリル/イソステアリル/セチル/ステアリル/ベヘニル)、ダイマージリノール酸ダイマージリノレイル、ジイソステアリン酸ダイマージリノレイル、ダイマージリノレイル水添ロジン縮合物、ダイマージリノール酸硬化ヒマシ油、ヒドロキシアルキルダイマージリノレイルエーテ
ル等のダイマー酸若しくはダイマージオールの誘導体;ヤシ油脂肪酸モノエタノールアミド(コカミドMEA)、ヤシ油脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド(コカミドDEA)、ラウリン酸モノエタノールアミド(ラウラミドMEA)、ラウリン酸ジエタノールアミド(ラウラミドDEA)、ラウリン酸モノイソプロパノールアミド(ラウラミドMIPA)、パルミチン酸モノエタノールアミド(パルタミドMEA)、パルミチン酸ジエタノールアミド(パルタミドDEA)、ヤシ油脂肪酸メチルエタノールアミド(コカミドメチルMEA)等の脂肪酸アルカノールアミド類;ジメチコン(ジメチルポリシロキサン)、高重合ジメチコン(高重合ジメチルポリシロキサン)、シクロメチコン(環状ジメチルシロキサン、デカメチルシクロペンタシロキサン)、フェニルトリメチコン、ジフェニルジメチコン、フェニルジメチコン、ステアロキシプロピルジメチルアミン、(アミノエチルアミノプロピルメチコン/ジメチコン)コポリマー、ジメチコノール、ジメチコノールクロスポリマー、シリコーン樹脂、シリコーンゴム、アミノプロピルジメチコン及びアモジメチコン等のアミノ変性シリコーン、カチオン変性シリコーン、ジメチコンコポリオール等のポリエーテル変性シリコーン、ポリグリセリン変性シリコーン、糖変性シリコーン、カルボン酸変性シリコーン、リン酸変性シリコーン、硫酸変性シリコーン、アルキル変性シリコーン、脂肪酸変性シリコーン、アルキルエーテル変性シリコーン、アミノ酸変性シリコーン、ペプチド変性シリコーン、フッ素変性シリコーン、カチオン変性及びポリエーテル変性シリコーン、アミノ変性及びポリエーテル変性シリコーン、アルキル変性及びポリエーテル変性シリコーン、ポリシロキサン・オキシアルキレン共重合体等のシリコーン類;パーフルオロデカン、パーフルオロオクタン、パーフルオロポリエーテル等のフッ素系油剤類が、好ましいものとして挙げられる。
ヒドロキシプロピルアンモニウム加水分解コラーゲン、エラスチン分解ペプチド、ケラチン分解ペプチド、加水分解ケラチン、コンキオリン分解ペプチド、加水分解コンキオリン、シルク蛋白分解ペプチド、加水分解シルク、ラウロイル加水分解シルクナトリウム、大豆蛋白分解ペプチド、小麦蛋白分解ペプチド、加水分解小麦蛋白、カゼイン分解ペプチド、アシル化ペプチド等の蛋白ペプチド類及びその誘導体;パルミトイルオリゴペプチド、パルミトイルペンタペプチド、パルミトイルテトラペプチド等のアシル化ペプチド類;シリル化ペプチド類;乳酸菌培養液、酵母抽出液、卵殻膜タンパク、牛顎下腺ムチン、ヒポタウリン、ゴマリグナン配糖体、グルタチオン、アルブミン、乳清;塩化コリン、ホスホリルコリン;胎盤抽出液、エアラスチン、コラーゲン、アロエ抽出物、ハマメリス水、ヘチマ水、カモミラエキス、カンゾウエキス、コンフリーエキス、シルクエキス、イザヨイバラエキス、セイヨウノコギリソウエキス、ユーカリエキス、メリロートエキス等の動物・植物抽出成分、天然型セラミド(タイプ1、2、3、4、5、6)、ヒドロキシセラミド、疑似セラミド、スフィンゴ糖脂質、セラミド及び糖セラミド含有エキス等のセラミド類が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
モノステアリン酸エチレングリコール等のエチレングリコールモノ脂肪酸エステル;モノステアリン酸プロピレングリコール等のプロピレングリコールモノ脂肪酸エステル;ペンタエリスリトール部分脂肪酸エステル;ソルビトール部分脂肪酸エステル;マルチトール部分脂肪酸エステル;マルチトールエーテル;ソルビタンモノオレエート、ソルビタンモノイソステアレート、ソルビタンモノラウレート、ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ソルビタンモノステアレート、ソルビタンセスキオレエート、ソルビタントリオレエート、ペンタ−2−エチルヘキシル酸ジグリセロールソルビタン、テトラ−2−エチルヘキシル酸ジグリセロールソルビタン等のソルビタン脂肪酸エステル;ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、メチルグルコシド脂肪酸エステル、ウンデシレン酸トレハロース等の糖誘導体部分エステル;カプリリルグルコシド等のアルキルグルコシド;アルキルポリグリコシド;ラノリンアルコール;還元ラノリン;ポリオキシエチレンジステアレート、ポリチレングリコールジイソステアレート、ポリオキシエチレンモノオレエート、ポリオキシエチレンジオレエート等のポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸モノ及びジエステル;ポリオキシエチレン・プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレングリセリンモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレングリセリンモノイソステアレート、ポリオキシエチレングリセリントリイソステアレート等のポリオキシエチレンモノオレエート等のポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノオレエート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノオレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンテトラオレエート等のポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールモノオレエート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールペンタオレエート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールモノステアレート等のポリオキシエチレンソルビトール脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレンメチルグルコシド脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールミツロウ等のポリオキシエチレン動植物油脂類;イソステアリルグリセリルエーテル、キミルアルコール、セラキルアルコール、バチルアルコール等のアルキルグリセリルエーテル類;多価アルコールアルキルエーテル;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン;テトラポリオキシエチレン・テトラポリオキシプロピレン−エチレンジアミン縮合物類;サポニン、ソホロリピッド等の天然系界面活性剤;ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸アミド;ヤシ油脂肪酸モノエタノールアミド(コカミドMEA)、ヤシ油脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド(コカミドDEA)、ラウリン酸モノエタノールアミド(ラウラミドMEA)、ラウリン酸ジエタノールアミド(ラウラミドDEA)、ラウリン酸モノイソプロパノールアミド(ラウラミドMIPA)、パルミチン酸モノエタノールアミド(パルタミドMEA)、パルミチン酸ジエタノールアミド(パルタミドDEA)、ヤシ油脂肪酸メチルエタノールアミド(コカミドメチルMEA)等の脂肪酸アルカノールアミド類;ラウラミンオキシド、コカミンオキシド、ステアラミンオキシド、ベヘナミンオキシド等のアルキルジメチルアミンオキシド;アルキルエトキシジメチルアミンオキシド;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルメルカプタン;ジメチコンコポリオール等のポリエーテル変性シリコーン、ポリシロキサン・オキシアルキレン共重合体、ポリグリセリン変性シリコーン、糖変性シリコーン等のシリコーン系非イオン性界面活性剤等;陽イオン性界面活性剤としては、ベヘントリモニウムクロリド、ステアルトリモニウムクロリド、セトリモニウムクロリド、ラウリルトリモニウムクロリド等のアルキルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド;ステアリルトリモニウムブロミド等のアルキルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド;ジステアリルジモニウムクロリド、ジココジモニウムクロリド等のジアルキルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド;ステアラミドプロピルジメチルアミン、ステアラミドエチルジエチルアミン等の脂肪酸アミドアミン及びその塩;ステアロキシプロピルジメチルアミン等のアルキルエーテルアミン及びその塩又は四級塩;エチル硫酸長鎖分岐脂肪酸(12〜31)アミノプロピルエチルジメチルアンモニウム、エチル硫酸ラノリン脂肪酸アミノプロピルエチルジメチルアンモニウム等の脂肪酸アミド型四級アンモニウム塩;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン及びその塩又は四級塩;アルキルアミン塩;脂肪酸アミドグアニジウム塩;アルキルエーテルアミンモニウム塩;アルキルトリアルキレングリコールアンモニウム塩;ベンザルコニウム塩;ベンゼトニウム塩;塩化セチルピリジニウム等のピリジニウム塩;イミダゾリニウム塩;アルキルイソキノリニウム塩;ジアルキルモリホニウム塩;ポリアミン脂肪酸誘導体;アミノプロピルジメチコン及びアモジメチコン等のアミノ変性シリコーン、カチオン変性シリコーン、カチオン変性及びポリエーテル変性シリコーン、アミノ変性及びポリエーテル変性シリコーン等のシリコーン系陽イオン性界面活性剤等;両性界面活性剤としては、ラウリルベタイン(ラウリルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン)等のN−アルキル−N,N−ジメチルアミノ酸ベタイン;コカミドプロピルベタイン、ラウラミドプロピルベタイン等の脂肪酸アミドアルキル−N,N−ジメチルアミノ酸ベタイン;ココアンホ酢酸ナトリウム、ラウロアンホ酢酸ナトリウム等のイミダゾリン型ベタイン;アルキルジメチルタウリン等のアルキルスルホベタイン;アルキルジメチルアミノエタノール硫酸エステル等の硫酸型ベタイン;アルキルジメチルアミノエタノールリン酸エステル等のリン酸型ベタイン;ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、スフィンゴミエリン等のスフィンゴリン脂質、リゾレシチン、水素添加大豆リン脂質、部分水素添加大豆リン脂質、水素添加卵黄リン脂質、部分水素添加卵黄リン脂質、水酸化レシチン等のリン脂質類;シリコーン系両性界面活性剤等;高分子界面活性剤としては、ポリビニルアルコール、アルギン酸ナトリウム、デンプン誘導体、トラガントガム、アクリル酸・メタアクリル酸アルキル共重合体;シリコーン系各種界面活性剤が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
−メトキシシンナメート、2−エチルヘキシルp−メトキシシンナメート(パラメトキシケイヒ酸オクチル)、2−エトキシエチル−p−メトキシシンナメート(シノキサート)、シクロヘキシル−p−メトキシシンナメート、エチル−α−シアノ−β−フェニルシンナメート、2−エチルヘキシルα−シアノ−β−フェニルシンナメート(オクトクリン)、グリセリルモノ−2−エチルヘキサノイル−ジパラメトキシシンナメート、フェルラ酸及びその誘導体等の桂皮酸系紫外線吸収剤;2,4−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−4−メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−4,4’−ジメトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’,4,4’−テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシベンゾフェノン(オキシベンゾン−3)、2−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシ−4’−メチルベンゾフェノン、2−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシベンゾフェノン−5−スルホン酸塩、4−フェニルベンゾフェノン、2−エチルヘキシル−4’−フェニル−ベンゾフェノン−2−カルボキシレート、2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノン、4−ヒドロキシ−3−カルボキシベンゾフェノン等のベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤;3−(4’−メチルベンジリデン)−d,l−カンフル、3−ベンジリデン−d,l−カンフル;2−フェニル−5−メチルベンゾキサゾール;2,2’−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルフェニルベンゾトリアゾール;2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−t−オクチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール;2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−メチルフェニルベンゾトリアゾール;ジベンザラジン;ジアニソイルメタン;5−(3,3−ジメチル−2−ノルボルニリデン)−3−ペンタン−2−オン;4−t−ブチルメトキシジベンゾイルメタン等のジベンゾイルメタン誘導体;オクチルトリアゾン;ウロカニン酸及びウロカニン酸エチル等のウロカニン酸誘導体;2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、1−(3,4−ジメトキシフェニル)−4,4−ジメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオン、ジメトキシベンジリデンジオキソイミダゾリジンプロピオン酸2−エチルヘキシル等のヒダントイン誘導体、フェニルベンズイミダソゾールスルホン酸、テレフタリリデンジカンフルスルホン酸、ドロメトリゾールトリシロキサン、アントラニル酸メチル、ルチン及びその誘導体、オリザノール及びその誘導体が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
エーテル、アスコルビン酸−2−グルコシド等のアスコルビン酸グルコシド及びその脂肪酸エステル、リン酸トコフェリルアスコルビル等のアスコルビン酸誘導体;ニコチン酸トコフェロール、酢酸トコフェロール、リノール酸トコフェロール、フェルラ酸トコフェロール、トコフェロールリン酸エステル等のトコフェロール誘導体等のビタミン誘導体、トコトリエノール、その他各種ビタミン誘導体類が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
ロレラエキス、クワエキス、ゲンチアナエキス、ゲンノショウコエキス、紅茶エキス、酵母エキス、コウボクエキス、コーヒーエキス、ゴボウエキス、コメエキス、コメ発酵エキス、コメヌカ発酵エキス、コメ胚芽油、コンフリーエキス、コラーゲン、コケモモエキス、サイシンエキス、サイコエキス、サイタイ抽出液、サフランエキス、サルビアエキス、サボンソウエキス、ササエキス、サンザシエキス、サンシャエキス、サンショウエキス、シイタケエキス、ジオウエキス、シコンエキス、シソエキス、シナノキエキス、シモツケソウエキス、ジャトバエキス、シャクヤクエキス、ショウキュウエキス、ショウブ根エキス、シラカバエキス、白キクラゲエキス、スギナエキス、ステビアエキス、ステビア発酵物、西河柳エキス、セイヨウキズタエキス、セイヨウサンザシエキス、セイヨウニワトコエキス、セイヨウノコギリソウエキス、セイヨウハッカエキス、セージエキス、ゼニアオイエキス、センキュウエキス、センブリエキス、ソウハクヒエキス、ダイオウエキス、ダイズエキス、タイソウエキス、タイムエキス、タンポポエキス、地衣類エキス、茶エキス、チョウジエキス、チガヤエキス、チンピエキス、ティートリー油、甜茶エキス、トウガラシエキス、トウキエキス、トウキンセンカエキス、トウニンエキス、トウヒエキス、ドクダミエキス、トマトエキス、納豆エキス、ニンジンエキス、ニンニクエキス、ノバラエキス、ハイビスカスエキス、バクモンドウエキス、ハスエキス、パセリエキス、バーチエキス、蜂蜜、ハマメリスエキス、パリエタリアエキス、ヒキオコシエキス、ビサボロール、ヒノキエキス、ビフィズス菌エキス、ビワエキス、フキタンポポエキス、フキノトウエキス、ブクリョウエキス、ブッチャーブルームエキス、ブドウエキス、ブドウ種子エキス、プロポリス、ヘチマエキス、ベニバナエキス、ペパーミントエキス、ボダイジュエキス、ボタンエキス、ホップエキス、マイカイカエキス、マツエキス、マロニエエキス、ミズバショウエキス、ムクロジエキス、メリッサエキス、モズクエキス、モモエキス、ヤグルマギクエキス、ユーカリエキス、ユキノシタエキス、ユズエキス、ユリエキス、ヨクイニンエキス、ヨモギエキス、ラベンダーエキス、緑茶エキス、卵殻膜エキス、リンゴエキス、ルイボス茶エキス、レイシエキス、レタスエキス、レモンエキス、レンギョウエキス、レンゲソウエキス、ローズエキス、ローズマリーエキス、ローマカミツレエキス、ローヤルゼリーエキス、ワレモコウエキス等のエキスが好ましいものとして挙げられる。
ドール、イランイラン油、ウンデカナール、ウンデセナール、γ−ウンデカラクトン、エストラゴール、オイゲノール、オークモス、オポポナックスレジノイド、オレンジ油、オイゲノール、オーランチオール、ガラクソリッド、カルバクロール、L−カルボン、カンフル、キャノン、キャロットシード油、クローブ油、ケイヒ酸メチル、ゲラニオール、ゲラニルニトリル、酢酸イソボルニル、酢酸ゲラニル、酢酸ジメチルベンジルカルビニル、酢酸スチラリル、酢酸セドリル、酢酸テレピネル、酢酸p−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル、酢酸ベチベリル、酢酸ベンジル、酢酸リナリル、サリチル酸イソペンチル、サリチル酸ベンジル、サンダルウッド油、サンタロール、シクラメンアルデヒド、シクロペンタデカノリド、ジヒドロジャスモン酸メチル、ジヒドロミルセノール、ジャスミンアブソリュート、ジャスミンラクトン、cis−ジャスモン、シトラール、シトロネノール、シトロネラール、シナモンバーク油、1,8−シネオール、シンナムアルデヒド、スチラックスレジノイド、セダーウッド油、セドレン、セドロール、セロリシード油、タイム油、ダマスコン、ダマセノン、チモール、チュベローズアブソリュート、デカナール、デカラクトン、テルピネオール、γ−テルピネン、トリプラール、ネロール、ノナナール、2,6−ノナジエノール、ノナラクトン、パチョリアルコール、バニラアブソリュート、バニリン、バジル油、パチョリ油、ヒドロキシシトロネラール、α−ピネン、ピペリトン、フェネチルアルコール、フェニルアセトアルデヒド、プチグレン油、ヘキシルシンナムアルデヒド、cis−3−ヘキセノール、ペルーバルサム、ベチバー油、ベチベロール、ペパーミント油、ペパー油、ヘリオトロピン、ベルガモット油、ベンジルベンゾエート、ボルネオール、ミルレジノイド、ムスクケトン、メチルノニルアセトアルデヒド、γ−メチルヨノン、メントール、L−メントール、L−メントン、ユーカリ油、β−ヨノン、ライム油、ラベンダー油、D−リモネン、リナロール、リラール、リリアール、レモン油、ローズアブソリュート、ローズオキシド、ローズ油、ローズマリー油、各種精油等の合成香料及び天然香料並びに各種調合香料が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
Brown、Arianor Madder Red、Arianor Steel Blue、Arianor Straw Yellow等の塩基染料;HC Yellow 2、HC Yellow 5、HC Red 3,4−hydoxypropylamino−3−nitrophenol、N,N’−bis(2−hydroxyethyl)−2−nitro−p−phenylenediamine、HC Blue 2、Basic Blue 26等のニトロ染料;分散染料;二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等の無機白色顔料;酸化鉄(ベンガラ)、チタン酸鉄等の無機赤色系顔料;γ−酸化鉄等の無機褐色系顔料;黄酸化鉄、黄土等の無機黄色系顔料;黒酸化鉄、低次酸化チタン等の無機黒色系顔料;マンゴバイオレット、コバルトバイオレット等の無機紫色系顔料;酸化クロ
ム、水酸化クロム、チタン酸コバルト等の無機緑色系顔料;群青、紺青等の無機青色系顔料;酸化チタンコーテッドマイカ、酸化チタンコーテッドオキシ塩化ビスマス、酸化チタンコーテッドタルク、着色酸化チタンコーテッドマイカ、オキシ塩化ビスマス、魚鱗箔等のパール顔料;アルミニウムパウダー、カッパーパウダー、金等の金属粉末顔料;表面処理無機及び金属粉末顔料;ジルコニウム、バリウム又はアルミニウムレーキ等の有機顔料;表面処理有機顔料;アスタキサンチン、アリザリン等のアントラキノン類、アントシアニジン、β−カロチン、カテナール、カプサンチン、カルコン、カルサミン、クエルセチン、クロシン、クロロフィル、クルクミン、コチニール、シコニン等のナフトキノン類、ビキシン、フラボン類、ベタシアニジン、ヘナ、ヘモグロビン、リコピン、リボフラビン、ルチン等の天然色素・染料;p−フェニレンジアミン、トルエン−2,5−ジアミン、o−,m−,若しくはp−アミノフェノール、m−フェニレンジアミン、5−アミノ−2−メチルフェノール、レゾルシン、1−ナフトール、2,6−ジアミノピリジン等及びその塩等の酸化染料中間体及びカップラー;インドリン等の自動酸化型染料;ジヒドロキシアセトンが好ましいものとして挙げられる。
前記経皮吸収基材は、前述のプレミックス(すなわち、脂質ペプチド型化合物、特定のアルコール、高分子乳化剤、耐熱性向上剤、更に所望の成分を含有する)を用いて、下記工程により調製可能である。
a)上記特定の経皮吸収促進剤、所望により界面活性剤を水に添加し、室温以上100℃未満の温度で加熱・撹拌してo/wエマルションを製造する工程
b)上記o/wエマルションと、前述のプレミックスを混合し、室温以上100℃未満の温度で加熱する工程
c)前記加熱工程における温度よりも低い温度になるまで撹拌しながら冷却し、ゲルを形成させる工程
また、前述の化粧品用添加剤及び医薬部外品用添加は、前記b)工程において、プレミックスとともに同時に添加することができる。
b)工程における加熱及び撹拌時間は、特に限定されないが、例えば加熱時間としては分散剤を添加直後から6時間、好ましくは分散剤を添加後10分後から3時間までの間で適宜選択できる。
ここで、冷却温度は、室温乃至80℃、好ましくは室温乃至40℃である。
本実施例において、ゲル化剤として用いた脂質ペプチドは、以下に示す方法で合成した
500mLの4つ口フラスコに、ヒスチジン14.2g(91.6mmol)、N−パルミトイル−Gly−メチル30.0g(91.6mmol)、トルエン300gを投入し、塩基であるナトリウムメトキサイド 28%メタノール溶液35.3g(183.2mmol)を加え、油浴で60℃に加熱し1時間撹拌を続けた。その後、油浴を外し、25℃まで放冷し、この溶液をアセトン600gで再沈殿させ、濾取した。ここで得られた固体を、水600gとメタノール750gの混合溶液に溶解し、ここに6規定塩酸30.5ml(183.2mmol)を加えて中和し固体を析出させ、ろ過した。次に、得られた固体をテトラヒドロフラン120gと水30gの混合液に60℃で溶解させ、酢酸エチル150gを加え、60℃から30℃まで冷却した。その後、析出した固体をろ過した。さらに得られた固体を、テトラヒドロフラン120gとアセトニトリル60g溶剤中に溶解し、60℃に加熱し、1時間撹拌した後に冷却し、ろ過した。ここで得られた固体を水120gで洗浄し、ろ過後に減圧乾燥を行いN−パルミトイル−Gly−Hisフリー体(以下、単にPal−GHとも称する)の白色の結晶、26.9g(収率65%)を得た。
サンプル管(No.7、(株)マルエム社製)に、上記合成例で得られたPal−GH、アルギン酸プロピレングリコール(アルギン酸PGとも称する)、1,2−ヘキサンジオール、ステアリン酸及び水を表1に示す組成(質量%)となるように秤量して投入し、80℃で加熱撹拌を行い、Pal−GH分散液(プレミックス)を得た。なお撹拌はアズワン(株)製のLABORATORY HIGH MIXERを用いて、200rpmで行った。
300mLトールビーカーに純水を入れ、これにミリスチン酸イソプロピル(和光純薬工業(株)製(IPMとも称する))をその濃度が10質量%、20質量%、30質量%、40質量%又は50質量%となるように加え、80℃で10分間加熱撹拌を行い、o/wエマルションを調製した。なお撹拌はアズワン(株)製のLABORATORY HIGH MIXERを用いて、200rpmで行った。
次いで、得られた各o/wエマルションに対して、70℃に加熱した製造例1で調製したプレミックスを、o/wエマルションとプレミックスの合計質量に対する濃度が10質量%となるように加え、さらに加熱撹拌を10分間行った(70℃、200rpm)。
撹拌終了後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成の有無を確認した。ゲル形成の確認は試験管倒置法により行い、分散液の流動性が失われて、トールビーカーを倒置しても液が流れ落ちない状態を「ゲル化(○)」と判定し、ゲル化に至らなかったものを「×」として評価した。得られた結果を表2及び図1に示す。
300mLトールビーカーに純水を入れ、これにミリスチン酸イソプロピル(和光純薬工業(株)製(IPMとも称する))をその濃度が10質量%、20質量%、30質量%、40質量%又は50質量%となるように加え、80℃で10分間加熱撹拌を行い、o/wエマルションを調製した。なお撹拌はアズワン(株)製のLABORATORY HIGH MIXERを用いて、200rpmで行った。
次いで、得られた各o/wエマルションに対して、70℃に加熱した製造例1で調製したプレミックスを、o/wエマルションとプレミックスとTween20の合計質量に対する濃度が10質量%となるように加え、さらにTween20(和光純薬工業(株)製)を同0.5質量%となるように加え、加熱撹拌を10分間行った(70℃、200rpm)。
撹拌終了後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成の有無を前述の試験管倒置法によりゲル形成の確認を行った。得られた結果を表2に示す。
一方、o/wエマルションにTween20を添加した場合、IPM濃度が50質量%の場合においてもゲル形成が確認された。
表3に示す組成にて、製造例1で調製したプレミックス、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル(IPM、0〜50質量%にて濃度変化))、Tween20、水、並びにフルオレセインナトリウム(FNa)をサンプル管(No.7、(株)マルエム社製)に投入し、加熱撹拌(70℃、10分、200rpm)後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成させた(形成されたゲル:500mg)。
これに、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS、和光純薬工業(株)製)を10mL加え、37℃、30rpmで振盪した。
経時的にPBSを50μLずつ採取し、o/wエマルションゲルからPBS中に放出されたFNa量を、蛍光光度計にて定量した。蛍光光度計は、励起波長:495nm、測定波長:521nmにて測定した。測定したFNa量よりゲルからのFNa放出率(%)を算出した。得られた結果を図2に示す。また、本試験開始後24時間経過後の各ゲルの写真を図3に示す。
また、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル(IPM)濃度を変化させても、FNaの放出挙動に変化は殆どみられないとする結果となった。この結果は、ゲルに内包されたIPMは、FNaの放出を阻害しないことを示すものであった。
そして図3に示すように、PBSに浸漬させたゲルは、24時間経過後もゲルの構造を保ち、作製したo/wエマルションゲルが安定性が高いゲルであるとする結果を得た。
表4に示す組成にて、製造例1で調製したプレミックス、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル(IPM、0〜50質量%にて濃度変化))、Tween20、水、並びにフルオレセインナトリウム(FNa)をサンプル管(No.7、(株)マルエム社製)に投入し、加熱撹拌(70℃、10分、200rpm)後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成させた。
24時間後に皮膚を取り出し、カッターナイフにて皮膚を細かく切り刻み、これに5mLの蒸留水を加え、超音波を5分間照射し、皮膚中のFNaを抽出液として抽出した。このようにして得られた抽出液中のFNa量を蛍光光度計で定量した。蛍光光度計は、励起波長:495nm、測定波長:521nmにて測定した。得られた結果を図5に示す。また、蛍光顕微鏡を用いて、24時間経過後の皮膚切片を観察した。得られた結果を図6に示す。
そして図5に示すように、ゲル中のIPM含有量が増加するに従い、FNaの皮膚への浸透量が増加するとする結果を得た。
また図6に示すように、ゲル中のIPM含有量の増加に伴い、皮膚切片における蛍光強度の増加が確認された。この結果は、図5に示す結果、すなわちIPM量の増加に伴いFNaの皮膚への浸透量が増加するという結果を裏付けるといえるものである。
表5に示す組成にて、製造例1で調製したプレミックス、経皮吸収促進剤[ミリスチン酸イソプロピル(IPM)、パルミチン酸イソプロピル(IPP)、スクワラン(SQ)、プロピレングリコールジカプリレート(GPD)、流動パラフィン(LP)及びオリーブ油(OO)、30質量%])、Tween20、水、並びにフルオレセインナトリウム(FNa)をサンプル管(No.7、(株)マルエム社製)に投入し、加熱撹拌(70℃、10分、200rpm)後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成させた。
また別途、カーボポール0.75質量%、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル(IPM)30質量%、フルオレセインナトリウム(FNa)0.1質量%、Tween20 0.5質量%、水68.65質量%をサンプル管(No.7、(株)マルエム社製)に投入し、加熱撹拌(70℃、10分、200rpm)後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成させた。
図7に示すように、脂質ペプチド型化合物の使用により、FNaが皮膚へ浸透するという結果が得られている。
そして図7に示すように、Pal−GH含有ゲルにおいて経皮吸収促進剤としてミリスチン酸イソプロピル(IPM)、パルミチン酸イソプロピル(IPP)、スクワラン(SQ)、プロピレングリコールジカプリレート(GPD)、流動パラフィン(LP)及びオリーブ油(OO)を採用したゲルのいずれも、カーボポール含有ゲル(CEゲル、IPM添加)と比べて、FNaの皮膚への浸透量が増加するとする結果を得た。
表6に示す組成にて、製造例1で調製したプレミックス、スクワラン(0〜30質量%にて濃度変化))、Tween20、水、並びに蛍光標識ヒアルロン酸をサンプル管(No.7、(株)マルエム社製)に投入し、加熱撹拌(70℃、10分、200rpm)後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成させた。
また別途、カーボポール0.75質量%、蛍光標識ヒアルロン酸0.1質量%、Tween20 0.5質量%、水98.65質量%をサンプル管(No.7、(株)マルエム社製)に投入し、加熱撹拌(70℃、10分、200rpm)後、室温(およそ25℃)にて放冷し、ゲル形成させた。
PBSの皮膚表面の温度:32.5℃)をセットした。縦式フランツ型拡散セルのドナー相に、表5に示す各ゲル及びカーボポールゲル(200mg)を設置した(図4参照)。PBSとアセトニトリルとメタノールの2:2:1(v/v/v)混合液を調製し、これを抽出液とした。
24時間後に皮膚を取り出し、前記抽出液で皮膚を洗浄しキムワイプ(登録商標)にて抽出液を拭きとった。その後カッターナイフにて皮膚を16分割に切り刻み、これを遮光マイクロチューブに入れ、ここに前記抽出液5mLを加え、ボルテックスミキサーに3時間かけて撹拌し、皮膚中の蛍光標識ヒアルロン酸を抽出した。蛍光標識ヒアルロン酸を抽出させた抽出液中の蛍光標識ヒアルロン酸量を蛍光光度計で定量した。具体的には、該抽出液をシリンジに採り、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)フィルタ(0.45μm)を通したろ液を測定時まで遮光マイクロチューブにて保管し、このろ液の蛍光強度を蛍光分光光度計LS−55(パーキンエルマー社製、励起波長:495nm、測定波長:521nm)を用いて測定した。
得られた結果を図8に示す。
そして図8に示すように、Pal−GH含有ゲルは、カーボポール(CP)含有ゲルと比べて、ヒアルロン酸の皮膚への浸透量が格段に増加し、またゲル中のスクワラン含有量が増加するに伴い、ヒアルロン酸の皮膚浸透量がさらに増加するという結果を得た。
この結果は、本発明の経皮吸収基材(ゲル)が角層のバリア機能を緩和し、ヒアルロン酸の皮膚への浸透を促進したこと、そして、スクワランの配合によってさらに角層のバリア機能の緩和を高め、ヒアルロン酸の浸透をさらに促進することを示唆するものであった。
Claims (4)
- 下記式(1)乃至式(3)で表される化合物又はその薬学的に使用可能な塩のうちの少なくとも一種からなる脂質ペプチド型化合物、高分子乳化剤及び保湿剤、並びに炭素原子数8乃至20の脂肪酸のエステル、スクワラン、オリーブ油、プロピレングリコールジカプリレート及び流動パラフィンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の経皮吸収促進剤を含有する保湿剤の経皮吸収促進組成物。
- 前記経皮吸収促進剤は、ミリスチン酸イソプロピルである、請求項2に記載の保湿剤の経皮吸収促進組成物。
- さらに、1,2−アルカンジオール、1,3−アルカンジオール及びエチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種のアルコールを含有する
、請求項1に記載の保湿剤の経皮吸収促進組成物。 - 前記保湿剤は、ヒアルロン酸である、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の保湿剤の経皮吸収促進組成物。
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