JP2021091606A - 金属酸化物粒子及びその生成方法 - Google Patents
金属酸化物粒子及びその生成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021091606A JP2021091606A JP2021036255A JP2021036255A JP2021091606A JP 2021091606 A JP2021091606 A JP 2021091606A JP 2021036255 A JP2021036255 A JP 2021036255A JP 2021036255 A JP2021036255 A JP 2021036255A JP 2021091606 A JP2021091606 A JP 2021091606A
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- metal
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- metal oxide
- titanium
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(II) oxide Chemical compound [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AKFOHAJXLDHIEH-SNVBAGLBSA-N (3r)-3-(cyclobutanecarbonyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC([O-])=O)OC(=O)C1CCC1 AKFOHAJXLDHIEH-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001061225 Arcos Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000184 acid digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- KELHQGOVULCJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=C(C)O1 KELHQGOVULCJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1236—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching
- C22B34/124—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/32—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation or hydrolysis of elements or compounds in the liquid or solid state or in non-aqueous solution, e.g. sol-gel process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
- C01G1/02—Oxides
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C22/00—Alloys based on manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
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- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
Description
●「第1の金属(複数可)」と称される1つまたは少数の金属と、
●「第2の金属」と称される第2の金属と、を含む合金を使用する。
1.第2の金属を前駆体合金から除去すること。
2.第1の金属を完全に酸化して金属酸化物サブミクロン(ナノ)粒子にすること。
−第1の金属と第2の金属との合金を提供または形成することと、
−合金を熱処理に供して、ある特定の相組成物を固定することと、
−熱処理された合金を、第2の金属を浸出(除去)し、かつ第1の金属を完全に酸化するのに有効な浸出剤に供することにより、第1の金属酸化物を凝集ナノ粒子の形態で残すことと、
−浸出剤を除去して、第1の金属酸化物を残すことと、を含む。
●第1の金属(複数可)と第2の金属との合金を提供または形成することと、
●合金を熱処理操作に供することと、
●合金を、第2の金属を浸出し、かつ第1の金属(複数可)を酸化するのに有効な浸出剤に供することにより、第1の金属(複数可)の金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を形成することと、
●浸出剤を除去して、第1の金属(複数可)の金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を残すことと、を含む。
●第1の金属(複数可)と第2の金属との合金を提供または形成することと、
●合金を、第2の金属を浸出し、かつ第1の金属(複数可)を酸化するのに有効な浸出剤に供することにより、第1の金属(複数可)の金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を形成することと、
●浸出剤を除去して、第1の金属(複数可)の金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を残すことと、を含む。
一実施形態では、本発明は、金属酸化物粒子の粒径が3nm〜200nmの範囲であり、粒子の比表面積が70m2/gを超える、金属酸化物粒子を提供する。
一実施形態では、本発明は、1つ以上の第1の金属(複数可)のサブミクロン金属酸化物粒子を生成する方法を提供し、本方法は、
●第1の金属(複数可)と第2の金属との合金を提供または形成することと、
●任意に、合金を熱処理操作に供することと、
●合金を、第2の金属を浸出し、かつ第1の金属(複数可)を酸化するのに有効な浸出剤に供することにより、第1の金属(複数可)の金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を形成することと、
●浸出剤を除去して、第1の金属(複数可)の金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を残すことと、を含む。
1.体心立方(BCC)結晶構造を有するδMn固溶体。
2.面心立方(FCC)結晶構造を有するγMn固溶体。
3.複雑立方結晶構造を有するβMn固溶体。
4.複雑心立方(CBCC)結晶構造を有するαMn固溶体。
5.明確に特定されていない結晶構造を有するTiMn4またはTi2Mn9(異なる参考文献による)金属間化合物。
ナノサイズ粒子を含む酸化チタン粉末の調製
酸化チタン粉末の製造に使用される出発Mn−Ti合金を溶融するために、以下の原材料を使用した。
1.チタン:粉末形態、45ミクロン未満、純度99.98%、Sigma−Aldrich(製品番号366994)製。
2.マンガン:顆粒形態、粒径0.8〜12mm、純度99.98%、Alpha−Aesar製。
Ti合金粉末のマイクロ波支援酸消化及びICP−AES分析
酸化チタン粒子を含む生成物試料を、金属含有量について試験した。結果を以下の表に要約する。
試料バッチ(約20mg)を7mLのHNO3(65%)及び3mLのH2SO4(98%)中で消化した。消化を、高温及び高圧で「Discover」試料消化システム(CEM、USA)を使用して石英容器内で行った。これらの容器を冷却し、体積を脱イオン水で最大25mLにした。試料を完全に溶解した。元素濃度を、End−On−Plasma ICP−AESモデル「ARCOS」(Spectro GMBH,Germany)を使用して透明な溶液中で測定した。測定結果をICP(Merck)の標準で較正した。継続較正検証標準を測定して、計器の安定性を確認した。
Claims (33)
- 1つ以上の第1の金属(複数可)のサブミクロン金属酸化物粒子を生成する方法であって、
●前記第1の金属(複数可)と第2の金属との合金を提供または形成することと、
●前記合金を、前記第2の金属を浸出し、かつ前記第1の金属(複数可)を酸化するのに有効な浸出剤に供することにより、前記第1の金属(複数可)の金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を形成することと、
●前記浸出剤を除去して、前記第1の金属(複数可)の前記金属酸化物サブミクロン粒子を残すことと、を含む方法。 - 前記合金を熱処理操作に供するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理ステップが、合金を前記提供または形成する前記ステップの後であり、かつ前記合金を浸出剤に供する前記ステップの前に行われる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記浸出剤の除去後に前記第1の金属(複数可)酸化物粒子をすすいで乾燥させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記すすぎが水中で行われ、前記水をすすいだ後にpHの観点で中性になったときに停止される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理が前記合金の均一相(複数可)を形成し、それから前記第2の金属が除去され、前記第1の金属(複数可)が前記浸出剤によって酸化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記合金が、1〜50重量%の前記第1の金属(複数可)及び50〜99重量%の前記第2の金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理後に、前記合金が表面清浄操作を受ける、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記合金が、前記熱処理前または前記浸出前に粉砕操作に供される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記浸出操作に使用される前記浸出剤が、前記第1の金属(複数可)の酸化を可能にする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記浸出剤が少なくとも2つの化学剤を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化学剤のうちの第1の化学剤が前記第1の金属(複数可)の酸化に作用し、前記化学剤のうちの第2の化学剤が前記第2の金属の浸出に作用するか、または前記少なくとも2つの化学剤が前記第1の金属(複数可)の酸化及び前記第2の金属の浸出の両方に作用する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の金属(複数可)の酸化が均一金属酸化物粒子構造をもたらす、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の金属がチタンであり、前記第2の金属がマンガンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記浸出剤が少なくとも1つの酸を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記浸出剤が、3〜50%の範囲の濃度で、硝酸(HNO3)、塩酸(HCl)、硫酸(H2SO4)、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の金属(複数可)が、Ti、Fe、Zr、Hf、Cu、Co、Cr、Ni、Mo、La、Nb、Ta、W、V、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記合金の前記第2の金属が、Mn、Mg、Zn、Ca、Ba、Sn、Pb、Be、Cd、Tl、Al、B、及びそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物が、前記浸出及び前記すすぎ後に、脱水及び焼きなましのために加熱ステップを受ける、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の金属がチタンであり、前記第2の金属がマンガンであり、前記浸出剤が硝酸(HNO3)を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子の結晶構造が、二酸化チタン(TiO2)であるか、または二酸化チタンと他の種類の酸化チタン(TiO)との混合体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 最終酸化チタン粒子の比表面積が70m2/gを超える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 合金の前記形成が、前記第1の金属の固体を前記第2の金属の固体と混合することと、溶融物が形成されるように前記混合物を加熱することと、を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物が8%のTi及び92%のMnを含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物に使用される前記第1の金属及び前記第2の金属が、粉末形態、顆粒形態、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 溶融物を形成するための前記加熱が、希ガス保護雰囲気下で、溶融炉内で行われる、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 金属酸化物粒子であって、前記金属酸化物粒子の粒径が3nm〜200nmの範囲であり、前記粒子の比表面積が70m2/gを超える、前記金属酸化物粒子。
- 前記粒子の金属ベース純度が99%を超える、請求項27に記載の金属酸化物粒子。
- 前記金属酸化物中の前記金属(複数可)が、Ti、Fe、Zr、Hf、Cu、Co、Cr、Ni、Mo、La、Nb、Ta、W、V、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項27に記載の金属酸化物粒子。
- 前記金属酸化物中の前記金属がTiである、請求項29に記載の金属酸化物粒子。
- 前記酸化チタンの結晶構造が、TiO2であるか、またはTiO2と結晶TiOとの混合物である、請求項30に記載の金属酸化物粒子。
- 前記酸化チタン粒子の比表面積が100m2/gを超える、請求項30に記載の金属酸化物粒子。
- 請求項27に記載の金属酸化物粒子を含むクラスター。
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