JP2021016375A - Aerobic motor function improver, food composition for aerobic motor function improvement, and pharmaceutical composition for aerobic motor function improvement - Google Patents
Aerobic motor function improver, food composition for aerobic motor function improvement, and pharmaceutical composition for aerobic motor function improvement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、有酸素性運動機能向上剤、有酸素性運動機能向上用食品組成物、有酸素性運動機能向上用医薬組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to an aerobic motor function improving agent, a food composition for improving aerobic motor function, and a pharmaceutical composition for improving aerobic motor function.
近年、食生活の改善や洋風化に伴うエネルギー摂取量の増加と、さらには、交通手段の発達、デスクワークの増大等による運動量の減少も加わり、これらが原因で様々な生活習慣病を引き起こすことが明らかにされており、国民の健康保持・増進の観点から社会問題になっている。
生活習慣病の予防・是正として、バランスのよい食事と、適度な運動の両面から取り組むことが提案されているが、運動についてはウォーキング・ジョギング・水泳等の有酸素性運動を取り入れることが、肥満予防やメタボリックシンドローム予防につながるとして期待されている。
In recent years, the increase in energy intake due to the improvement of eating habits and westernization, and the decrease in the amount of exercise due to the development of transportation means and the increase in desk work have been added, which may cause various lifestyle-related diseases. It has been clarified and has become a social problem from the viewpoint of maintaining and improving the health of the people.
As prevention and correction of lifestyle-related diseases, it has been proposed to work on both a well-balanced diet and moderate exercise, but for exercise, incorporating aerobic exercise such as walking, jogging, and swimming is obesity. It is expected to lead to prevention and prevention of metabolic syndrome.
しかし、日頃から運動をせず座りがちな人（非運動習慣者）は、エネルギー代謝の効率が低いため、有酸素性運動を肥満やメタボリックシンドロームの予防につなげるには長時間を要する。したがって、非運動習慣者が肥満やメタボリックシンドロームの予防に対する運動の効果を実感しづらいことは、運動習慣者の割合が増えない現状とも一致する。
また、運動習慣者では高い運動強度で有酸素性運動を行うことができるが、非運動習慣者が高い強度で運動することは、血圧の上昇や怪我等につながりやすく、安全に行うことが困難であるとの指摘もあり、推奨されていない。
However, people who do not exercise on a regular basis and tend to sit down (non-exercise habits) have low energy metabolism efficiency, so it takes a long time to connect aerobic exercise to the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is difficult for non-exercise habits to realize the effect of exercise on the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome, which is consistent with the current situation where the proportion of exercise habits does not increase.
In addition, exercise habits can perform aerobic exercise with high exercise intensity, but non-exercise habits exercise with high intensity is likely to lead to an increase in blood pressure and injury, and it is difficult to do it safely. It has been pointed out that it is not recommended.
したがって、特に非運動習慣者にとって、食品や医薬品等を摂取することで有酸素性運動時の運動機能が向上して実行可能な運動強度を高め、有酸素性運動の所要時間の効率化が可能になることは、生活習慣病の予防・是正の観点からも重要である。また、有酸素性運動の実行可能な運動強度が高まることで、選択できる運動の種類が広がり、より自由に運動の種類を選ぶことが可能となる。 Therefore, especially for non-exercise habits, ingestion of foods, medicines, etc. can improve the exercise function during aerobic exercise, increase the exercise intensity that can be performed, and improve the efficiency of the time required for aerobic exercise. It is also important from the viewpoint of prevention and correction of lifestyle-related diseases. In addition, by increasing the viable exercise intensity of aerobic exercise, the types of exercise that can be selected are expanded, and it becomes possible to more freely select the type of exercise.
これまで、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドの摂取による運動機能について、最大酸素摂取量を基準に運動強度を決定して運動をした際の機能評価（非特許文献１）、運動中の血中乳酸濃度から運動強度を決定して運動をした際の機能評価（非特許文献２）等が報告されているが、有酸素性運動機能の耐容上限を評価した研究はされていなかった。
また、有酸素性運動の効果を高める方法として、霊芝成分を含有する飲食品（特許文献１）や、ローヤルゼリー中のタンパク質を有効成分として含有する組成物（特許文献２）の摂取等が報告されているが、継続摂取時の副作用の懸念や、摂取形態の汎用性について十分に検討されていなかった。
So far, regarding the exercise function due to the intake of medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride, the function evaluation when exercising by determining the exercise intensity based on the maximum oxygen uptake (Non-Patent Document 1), exercise based on the blood lactate concentration during exercise. Functional evaluation (Non-Patent Document 2) and the like when exercising by determining intensity have been reported, but no study has been conducted to evaluate the tolerable upper limit of aerobic motor function.
In addition, as a method for enhancing the effect of aerobic exercise, ingestion of foods and drinks containing a Reishi component (Patent Document 1) and a composition containing a protein in royal jelly as an active ingredient (Patent Document 2) have been reported. However, concerns about side effects during continuous ingestion and the versatility of the ingestion form have not been fully investigated.
本発明は、食品から医薬品まで配合することができ汎用性が高く、継続摂取しても副作用の懸念の少ない、有酸素性運動機能向上剤を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide an aerobic motor function improving agent which can be blended from foods to pharmaceuticals, has high versatility, and has little concern about side effects even when continuously ingested.
本発明者らは、中鎖脂肪酸が意外にも有酸素性運動時の運動機能を向上させることを見出し、本発明を完成した。具体的に、本発明は以下を提供する。
（１）中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む、有酸素性運動機能向上剤。
（２）非運動習慣者を摂取対象とする、（１）に記載の有酸素性運動機能向上剤。
（３）前記有酸素性運動機能向上剤が酸素摂取能力の向上作用を含む、（１）又は（２）に記載の有酸素性運動機能向上剤。
（４）（１）〜（３）のいずれか１つに記載の有酸素性運動機能向上剤を含む、有酸素性運動機能向上用食品組成物。
（５）（１）〜（３）のいずれか１つに記載の有酸素性運動機能向上剤を含む、有酸素性運動機能向上用医薬組成物。
（６）前記非運動習慣者が、１回３０分以上の運動を週２回以上実施し、かつ１年以上持続している者以外の者である、（１）〜（３）のいずれか１つに記載の有酸素性運動機能向上剤。
（７）前記有酸素性運動が、３メッツ以上の身体活動である、（１）〜（３）のいずれか１つに記載の有酸素性運動機能向上剤。
The present inventors have found that medium-chain fatty acids unexpectedly improve motor function during aerobic exercise, and have completed the present invention. Specifically, the present invention provides:
(1) An aerobic motor function improving agent containing a medium-chain fatty acid as an active ingredient.
(2) The aerobic motor function improving agent according to (1), which is intended for non-exercise habits.
(3) The aerobic motor function improving agent according to (1) or (2), wherein the aerobic motor function improving agent has an action of improving oxygen uptake ability.
(4) A food composition for improving aerobic motor function, which comprises the aerobic motor function improving agent according to any one of (1) to (3).
(5) A pharmaceutical composition for improving aerobic motor function, which comprises the aerobic motor function improving agent according to any one of (1) to (3).
(6) Any of (1) to (3), wherein the non-exercise habitual person is a person other than a person who exercises for 30 minutes or more at a time twice a week or more and continues for one year or more. The aerobic motor function improving agent according to one.
(7) The aerobic exercise function improving agent according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the aerobic exercise is a physical activity of 3 mets or more.
本発明によれば、食品から医薬品まで配合することができ汎用性が高く、継続摂取しても副作用の懸念の少ない有酸素性運動機能向上剤が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided an aerobic motor function improving agent that can be blended from foods to pharmaceuticals, has high versatility, and has little concern about side effects even when continuously ingested.
以下、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに特に限定されない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
［有酸素性運動機能向上剤］
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む。以下、「中鎖脂肪酸」を「ＭＣＦＡ」ともいう。「中鎖脂肪酸を有効成分として含む」とは、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤中に含まれる生理活性物質として、中鎖脂肪酸が少なくとも含まれることを意味する。
[Aerobic motor function improver]
The aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention contains a medium-chain fatty acid as an active ingredient. Hereinafter, "medium chain fatty acid" is also referred to as "MCFA". "Containing a medium-chain fatty acid as an active ingredient" means that at least a medium-chain fatty acid is contained as a physiologically active substance contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention.
以下に、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤の構成について詳述する。
〈中鎖脂肪酸（ＭＣＦＡ）〉
ＭＣＦＡは、炭素数６〜１２の直鎖飽和脂肪酸であり、通常の食品等（例えば、食用油脂や乳製品等）に含まれる油脂成分である。より安全性の高い有酸素性運動機能向上剤が得られやすいという観点から、ＭＣＦＡは、炭素数８〜１２の直鎖飽和脂肪酸であることが好ましく、炭素数８及び／又は１０の直鎖飽和脂肪酸であることがより好ましい。具体的なＭＣＦＡとしては、カプロン酸（ｎ−ヘキサン酸）、カプリル酸（ｎ−オクタン酸）、カプリン酸（ｎ−デカン酸）、ラウリン酸が挙げられる。
ＭＣＦＡは、例えばパーム核油やヤシ油を加水分解した後に精製することにより、得られる。また、ＭＣＦＡとして市販品や試薬を使用することもできる。
The composition of the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention will be described in detail below.
<Medium chain fatty acid (MCFA)>
MCFA is a linear saturated fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and is a fat and oil component contained in ordinary foods and the like (for example, edible fats and oils, dairy products, etc.). From the viewpoint that a safer aerobic motor function improving agent can be easily obtained, MCFA is preferably a linearly saturated fatty acid having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and linearly saturated with 8 and / or 10 carbon atoms. It is more preferably a fatty acid. Specific MCFAs include caproic acid (n-hexanoic acid), caprylic acid (n-octanoic acid), capric acid (n-decanoic acid), and lauric acid.
MCFA is obtained, for example, by hydrolyzing palm kernel oil or coconut oil and then refining it. In addition, commercially available products and reagents can be used as MCFA.
有酸素性運動機能向上剤中に含まれるＭＣＦＡの形態としては特に限定されず、中鎖脂肪酸そのものであってもよく、生体内で中鎖脂肪酸に変換される脂肪酸前駆体（例えば、塩、エステル（後述するアシルグリセロール等））であってもよく、これらの混合物であってもよい。
ＭＣＦＡは、通常、脂肪酸前駆体、より具体的にはＭＣＦＡとグリセリンとがエステル結合したアシルグリセロールの形態で体内に摂取される。安全性等がより高いという観点から、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡの形態は、アシルグリセロールであることが好ましい。
The form of MCFA contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent is not particularly limited, and may be a medium-chain fatty acid itself, or a fatty acid precursor (for example, a salt or an ester) that is converted into a medium-chain fatty acid in vivo. (Acylglycerol, etc. described later)), or a mixture thereof.
MCFA is usually ingested in the body in the form of fatty acid precursors, more specifically acylglycerol in which MCFA and glycerin are ester-bonded. From the viewpoint of higher safety and the like, the form of MCFA contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention is preferably acylglycerol.
アシルグリセロールは、脂肪酸とグリセリンとがエステル結合した構造を有し、グリセリンに結合する脂肪酸の数の違いにより、３種の形態（モノアシルグリセロール、ジアシルグリセロール、及びトリアシルグリセロール）のいずれかで存在する。本発明におけるアシルグリセロールは上記３種の形態のいずれであってもよいが、その構成脂肪酸のうちの少なくとも一つがＭＣＦＡである。本発明におけるアシルグリセロールとしては、食品から医薬品まで配合することができ汎用性が高いという観点から、トリアシルグリセロール（以下、トリグリセリドともいう。）が好ましい。また、本発明において、ジアシルグリセロール及びトリアシルグリセロールを構成する脂肪酸は、同じ種類であっても、異なる種類であってもよい。異なる種類の脂肪酸から構成されるアシルグリセロールの場合、各々の脂肪酸のグリセリンへの結合位置は、特に限定されない。また、アシルグリセロールの構成脂肪酸として、ＭＣＦＡ以外の脂肪酸（例えば、炭素数１４〜２２の長鎖脂肪酸等）が含まれていてもよい。 Acylglycerol has a structure in which a fatty acid and glycerin are ester-bonded, and exists in one of three forms (monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol) depending on the number of fatty acids bound to glycerin. To do. The acylglycerol in the present invention may be in any of the above three forms, but at least one of the constituent fatty acids is MCFA. As the acylglycerol in the present invention, triacylglycerol (hereinafter, also referred to as triglyceride) is preferable from the viewpoint that it can be blended from foods to pharmaceuticals and has high versatility. Further, in the present invention, the fatty acids constituting diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol may be of the same type or different types. In the case of acylglycerol composed of different types of fatty acids, the binding position of each fatty acid to glycerin is not particularly limited. Further, as a constituent fatty acid of acylglycerol, a fatty acid other than MCFA (for example, a long chain fatty acid having 14 to 22 carbon atoms) may be contained.
本発明におけるアシルグリセロールの全構成脂肪酸において、ＭＣＦＡの占める割合の下限値は、好ましくは１０質量％以上、さらに好ましくは４０質量％以上、より好ましくは８０質量％以上である。上限値は好ましくは１００質量％以下である。上記範囲であれば、ＭＣＦＡによる有酸素性運動機能向上作用をより効果的に発揮できる。なお、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤において構成脂肪酸としてＭＣＦＡを含むアシルグリセロールを配合する場合、構成脂肪酸にＭＣＦＡを含まないアシルグリセロールをさらに配合してもよい。かかる場合、有酸素性運動機能向上剤に配合された全アシルグリセロールのうち、全構成脂肪酸におけるＭＣＦＡの占める割合が上記の範囲であればよい。 The lower limit of the proportion of MCFA in the total constituent fatty acids of acylglycerol in the present invention is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more. The upper limit is preferably 100% by mass or less. Within the above range, the aerobic motor function improving effect of MCFA can be more effectively exerted. When the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention contains an acylglycerol containing MCFA as a constituent fatty acid, an acylglycerol containing no MCFA may be further added to the constituent fatty acid. In such a case, the ratio of MCFA in the total constituent fatty acids to the total acylglycerol blended in the aerobic motor function improving agent may be within the above range.
アシルグリセロールの製造方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、ヤシ油やパーム核油由来の中鎖脂肪酸や長鎖脂肪酸とグリセリンとを原料として、エステル化反応、あるいは、中鎖脂肪酸アルキルや長鎖脂肪酸アルキルとグリセリンとを原料として、エステル交換反応させることにより得ることができる。エステル化反応の条件は、特に限定されるものではなく、無触媒且つ無溶剤にて加圧下で反応させてもよく、触媒や溶剤を用いて反応させてもよい。また、上記ＭＬＣＴは、ＭＣＴとＭＣＴ以外の油脂とをエステル交換する方法によっても得ることができる。エステル交換する方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、ナトリウムメトキシドを触媒とした化学的エステル交換や、リパーゼ製剤を触媒とした酵素的エステル交換など、通常行われる方法で行えばよい。 The method for producing acylglycerol is not particularly limited, but for example, an esterification reaction using medium-chain fatty acid or long-chain fatty acid derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil and glycerin, or medium-chain fatty acid alkyl or long-chain fatty acid alkyl. It can be obtained by conducting an ester exchange reaction using glycerin and glycerin as raw materials. The conditions of the esterification reaction are not particularly limited, and the reaction may be carried out under pressure without a catalyst and without a solvent, or may be carried out using a catalyst or a solvent. The MLCT can also be obtained by transesterifying MCT with fats and oils other than MCT. The method for transesterification is not particularly limited, and a usual method such as chemical transesterification using sodium methoxide as a catalyst or enzymatic transesterification using a lipase preparation as a catalyst may be used.
より安全性の高い有酸素性運動機能向上剤が得られやすいという観点から、本発明におけるアシルグリセロールとしては、構成脂肪酸にＭＣＦＡと長鎖脂肪酸（例えば、炭素数１４〜２２の直鎖長鎖脂肪酸）とを含有するトリグリセリド、即ち中長鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドが好ましい。本発明におけるアシルグリセロールとしては、構成脂肪酸の全てがＭＣＦＡであるトリグリセリド、即ち中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドが特に好ましい。以下、「中長鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド」を「ＭＬＣＴ」ともいい、「中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド」を「ＭＣＴ」ともいう。本発明の脂有酸素性運動機能向上剤中に含まれるＭＣＦＡの形態としては、ＭＬＣＴ及び／又はＭＣＴを含んでいることが好ましく、ＭＣＴのみを含んでいることがより好ましい。本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、ＭＣＴからなるものが特に好ましい。 From the viewpoint that a safer aerobic motor function improving agent can be easily obtained, the acylglycerol in the present invention includes MCFA and long chain fatty acids (for example, linear long chain fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms) as constituent fatty acids. ) And a triglyceride, that is, a medium-long chain fatty acid triglyceride is preferable. As the acylglycerol in the present invention, a triglyceride in which all the constituent fatty acids are MCFA, that is, a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride is particularly preferable. Hereinafter, "medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride" is also referred to as "MLCT", and "medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride" is also referred to as "MCT". The form of MCFA contained in the oily aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention preferably contains MLCT and / or MCT, and more preferably contains only MCT. The aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention particularly preferably comprises MCT.
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、ＭＣＦＡ（ＭＣＦＡそのもの、ＭＣＦＡの脂肪酸前駆体（ＭＬＣＴ、ＭＣＴ等）、又は、これらの混合物）からなるものであってもよいが、ＭＣＦＡとともにＭＣＦＡ以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤にＭＣＦＡ以外の成分が含まれる場合、有酸素性運動機能向上剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡ（ＭＣＦＡの脂肪酸前駆体（ＭＬＣＴ、ＭＣＴ等）、又は、これらの混合物の場合は、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算）の配合量の下限値は、有酸素性運動機能向上剤に対して好ましくは３３質量％以上、さらに好ましくは５０質量％以上、さらにより好ましくは７０質量％以上である。上限値は好ましくは９９質量％以下、さらに好ましくは９５質量％以下、さらにより好ましくは９０質量％以下である。上記範囲であれば、ＭＣＦＡによる有酸素性運動機能向上作用をより効果的に発揮できる。
The aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention may consist of MCFA (MCFA itself, fatty acid precursor of MCFA (MLCT, MCT, etc.), or a mixture thereof), but together with MCFA, other than MCFA. It may contain an ingredient.
When the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention contains a component other than MCFA, MCFA (fatty acid precursor of MCFA (MLCT, MCT, etc.) or a mixture thereof) contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent or a mixture thereof. In this case, the lower limit of the blending amount (converted to the amount of MCFA) is preferably 33% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, still more preferably 70% by mass or more with respect to the aerobic motor function improving agent. Is. The upper limit is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, and even more preferably 90% by mass or less. Within the above range, the aerobic motor function improving effect of MCFA can be more effectively exerted.
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡ以外の成分としては、ＭＣＦＡの作用を阻害しない限り特に限定されない。このような成分として、有酸素性運動機能向上作用を有することが知られる有効成分（霊芝成分等）、抗酸化剤、乳化剤等が挙げられる。これらの成分の種類や配合量は、得ようとする効果に応じて適宜設定できる。 The components other than MCFA contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the action of MCFA. Examples of such a component include an active ingredient (Ganoderma lucidum component and the like) known to have an aerobic motor function improving effect, an antioxidant, an emulsifier and the like. The type and blending amount of these components can be appropriately set according to the effect to be obtained.
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤に含まれるＭＣＦＡの含量は、日本油化学会制定「基準油脂分析試験法 ２．４．２．３−２０１３ 脂肪酸組成（キャピラリーガスクロマトグラフ法）に準拠して特定できる。また、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤に含まれるトリグリセリド中のＭＣＴ、ＭＬＣＴ等の分子種を確認、定量する方法としては、例えば、ガスクロマトグラフ法（ＪＡＯＣＳ，ｖｏｌ７０，１１，１１１１−１１１４（１９９３）を用いた方法が挙げられる。 The content of MCFA contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention is based on the "Standard Fatty Acid Analysis Test Method 2.4.2.2-2013 Fatty Acid Composition (Capillary Gas Chromatograph Method)" established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society. Further, as a method for confirming and quantifying molecular species such as MCT and MLCT in the triglyceride contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention, for example, a gas chromatograph method (JAOCS, vol70, 11, 1111) can be specified. A method using -1114 (1993) can be mentioned.
〈有酸素性運動機能向上作用〉
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、ヒトの有酸素性運動時の運動機能を向上する作用を有する。本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、好ましくは、非運動習慣者の有酸素性運動時の運動機能を向上するために用いることができる。本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤を使用することにより、従来よりも、有酸素性運動の実行時間の延伸ができ、また、高い運動強度で有酸素性運動を行うことが可能になるので、肥満やメタボリックシンドロームの予防に対する運動の効果を実感しやすい。
特に非運動習慣者にとっては、運動強度を過度に高める必要がなく、血圧の上昇や怪我等のリスクを減らせるメリットがある。
<Aerobic motor function improving effect>
The aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention has an action of improving the motor function during aerobic exercise in humans. The aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention can be preferably used to improve the motor function of a non-exercise habitual person during aerobic exercise. By using the aerobic exercise function improving agent of the present invention, the execution time of aerobic exercise can be extended as compared with the conventional case, and aerobic exercise can be performed with high exercise intensity. , It is easy to feel the effect of exercise on the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Especially for non-exercise habits, it is not necessary to excessively increase the exercise intensity, and there is an advantage that the risk of an increase in blood pressure and injury can be reduced.
本発明において、「有酸素性運動機能向上」とは、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤の効果が得られる前の状態と比べて、有酸素性運動の実行時間が延伸、及び／又は実行可能な運動強度が増加することを指す。また、前記有酸素性運動の実行時間が延伸、及び／又は実行可能な運動強度の増加は、好ましくは、酸素摂取能力の向上作用を伴う。
ここで、「有酸素性運動」とは、好気的代謝による長時間継続可能な軽度または中程度の負荷の運動である。そして、高強度の運動負荷に対応して短時間に大きな力を発生させ、非好気的代謝から多量の乳酸が発生するような無酸素性運動とは明確に区別される。
In the present invention, "improvement of aerobic exercise function" means that the execution time of aerobic exercise is extended and / or compared with the state before the effect of the aerobic exercise function improving agent of the present invention is obtained. Refers to an increase in viable exercise intensity. In addition, the extension of the execution time of the aerobic exercise and / or the increase in the exercise intensity that can be performed is preferably accompanied by the effect of improving the oxygen uptake capacity.
Here, "aerobic exercise" is exercise with a light or moderate load that can be continued for a long time by aerobic metabolism. And, it is clearly distinguished from anaerobic exercise in which a large amount of lactic acid is generated from non-aerobic metabolism by generating a large force in a short time in response to a high-intensity exercise load.
本発明では、上記の有酸素性運動機能向上を確認する指標として、換気性作業閾値（Ｖｅｎｔｉｌａｔｉｏｎ Ｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄ：ＶＴ、以下ＶＴともいう。）に着目した。ここで、ＶＴとは、有酸素性の運動強度において、運動強度を徐々に上げてゆくと、やがて酸素摂取量（ＶＯ２）の上昇に比べ、換気量及び二酸化炭素排出量（ＶＣＯ２）の著しい上昇が見出される閾値（無酸素性運動への転換点）を指す。したがって、上記において有酸素性運動の実行時間の延伸は、ＶＴが延伸する事象として確認することができる。
また、酸素摂取能力が向上すると、ＶＯ２が増加して運動時の活動筋への酸素供給が増加する。そうすると、酸化的リン酸化によるエネルギー供給系からのエネルギー獲得が増えるため、ＶＣＯ２の上昇が遅延して、結果としてＶＴが延伸すると考えられる。
In the present invention, as an index for confirming the above-mentioned improvement in aerobic motor function, attention is paid to the ventilation threshold (VT, hereinafter also referred to as VT). Here, the VT, the aerobic exercise intensity, the Yuku increasing the exercise intensity gradually, eventually than the increase of the oxygen uptake (VO 2), ventilation and carbon dioxide emissions (VCO 2) It refers to the threshold at which a significant increase is found (the turning point for anaerobic exercise). Therefore, in the above, the extension of the execution time of aerobic exercise can be confirmed as an event in which the VT is extended.
In addition, when the oxygen uptake capacity is improved, VO 2 is increased and the oxygen supply to active muscles during exercise is increased. Then, it is considered that the energy acquisition from the energy supply system by oxidative phosphorylation increases, so that the increase of VCO 2 is delayed, and as a result, the VT is extended.
［非運動習慣者］
本発明の非運動習慣者とは、日頃運動を行っていない者、具体的には、国民栄養調査の運動習慣者の定義をもとに、「１回３０分以上の運動を、週２回以上実施し、１年以上持続している者」以外の者を指す。また、本発明の運動とは、３メッツ（Ｍｅｔｓ）以上の身体活動を指す。メッツは、座位安静時代謝量を１メッツとしてその代謝量の倍数で強度を定義している。１メッツの時間当たりエネルギー消費量（Ｋｃａｌ／時）は、対象者の体重の数値（ｋｇ）とほぼ同じであり、体重６０ｋｇの人の１メッツは６０Ｋｃａｌ／時に相当する。具体的にはウォーキング（４．３メッツ）、サイクリング（８．０メッツ、２０ｋｍ／時）、水泳（１０．０メッツ、速いクロール、６９ｍ／分）等が挙げられる。「健康づくりのための身体活動基準２０１３」では、国際的には３〜６メッツの身体活動を週１５０分行うことが推奨されている。
また、本発明の運動は、無酸素性運動と組み合わせてもよいが、本発明の運動の運動時間が無酸素性運動の運動時間よりも長いほうが好ましい。
[Non-exercise habit]
The non-exercise habitual person of the present invention is a person who does not exercise on a daily basis, specifically, based on the definition of an exercise habitual person of the National Nutrition Survey, "exercise for 30 minutes or more once, twice a week. Refers to persons other than those who have carried out the above and have continued for one year or more. In addition, the exercise of the present invention refers to physical activity of 3 METs or more. Mets defines the intensity as a multiple of the metabolic amount at rest, with 1 Mets as the amount of metabolism. The energy consumption per hour (Kcal / hour) of 1 MET is almost the same as the numerical value (kg) of the body weight of the subject, and 1 MET of a person weighing 60 kg corresponds to 60 Kcal / hour. Specific examples include walking (4.3 METs), cycling (8.0 METs, 20 km / hour), swimming (10.0 METs, fast crawl, 69 m / min) and the like. The "Physical Activity Standards for Health Promotion 2013" recommends that 3 to 6 METs of physical activity be performed 150 minutes a week internationally.
The exercise of the present invention may be combined with the anaerobic exercise, but it is preferable that the exercise time of the exercise of the present invention is longer than the exercise time of the anaerobic exercise.
［有酸素性運動機能向上用食品組成物］
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、有酸素性運動機能向上用食品組成物の製造のために適用できる。本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤の有効成分であるＭＣＦＡは、副作用の懸念が少ないだけではなく、食品の風味や嗜好性を損ないにくい。そのため、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤を含む有酸素性運動機能向上用食品組成物（以下、「本発明の食品組成物」ともいう。）は摂食しやすい食品として好ましく利用できる。
[Food composition for improving aerobic motor function]
The aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention can be applied for the production of a food composition for improving aerobic motor function. MCFA, which is the active ingredient of the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention, not only has less concern about side effects, but also does not easily impair the flavor and palatability of foods. Therefore, the food composition for improving aerobic motor function containing the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as "food composition of the present invention") can be preferably used as a food that is easy to eat.
本発明の食品組成物の形態としては、サプリメントや、一般食品が挙げられる。
サプリメントの形態は特に限定されず、固形製剤又は液体製剤のいずれでもよい。例えば、錠剤、被覆錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、粉剤、徐放性製剤、懸濁液、エマルジョン剤、内服液、糖衣錠、丸剤、細粒剤、シロップ剤、エリキシル剤等の製剤が挙げられる。
Examples of the form of the food composition of the present invention include supplements and general foods.
The form of the supplement is not particularly limited and may be either a solid preparation or a liquid preparation. For example, tablets, coated tablets, capsules, granules, powders, powders, sustained-release preparations, suspensions, emulsions, oral solutions, sugar-coated tablets, pills, fine granules, syrups, elixirs, etc. Can be mentioned.
一般食品の形態は特に限定されず、例えば、パン・菓子類（パン、ケーキ、クッキー、ビスケット、ドーナツ、マフィン、スコーン、チョコレート、スナック菓子、ホイップクリーム、アイスクリーム等）、飲料類（果汁飲料、栄養ドリンク、スポーツドリンク等）、スープ類、調味加工食品（ドレッシング、ソース、マヨネーズ、バター、マーガリン、調製マーガリン等）、ファットスプレッド、ショートニング、ベーカリーミックス、炒め油、フライ油、フライ食品、加工肉製品、冷凍食品、フライ食品、麺、レトルト食品、流動食、嚥下食等が挙げられる。 The form of general food is not particularly limited, and for example, bread / confectionery (bread, cake, cookie, biscuits, donuts, muffins, scones, chocolate, snack confectionery, whipped cream, ice cream, etc.), beverages (fruit juice beverage, nutrition). Drinks, sports drinks, etc.), soups, seasoned processed foods (dressing, sauces, mayonnaise, butter, margarine, prepared margarine, etc.), fat spreads, shortening, bakery mix, roasted oil, frying oil, frying food, processed meat products, Examples include frozen foods, fried foods, noodles, retort foods, liquid foods, swallowing foods and the like.
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤を一般食品の製造のために使用する場合は、ＭＬＣＴ及び／又はＭＣＴ（より好ましくはＭＣＴ）の形態で原材料に追加するか、原材料の油脂をＭＬＣＴ及び／又はＭＣＴ（より好ましくはＭＣＴ）に置き換えて使用することが好ましい。 When the aerobic motor function improver of the present invention is used for the production of general foods, it is added to the raw material in the form of MLCT and / or MCT (more preferably MCT), or the fat and oil of the raw material is added to MLCT and / or. Alternatively, it is preferable to replace it with MCT (more preferably MCT).
本発明の食品組成物の摂取量は、摂取目的（予防等）、摂取期間、その他の諸条件（例えば、摂食者の症状、年齢、体重）に応じて、適宜設定できる。 The intake amount of the food composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the purpose of intake (prevention, etc.), the period of intake, and other conditions (for example, the symptom, age, and weight of the eater).
本発明の食品組成物の摂取量は、下限値を、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０８ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．７０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．４５ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 The intake amount of the food composition of the present invention can be set to preferably 0.02 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.08 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of the lower limit value in terms of the amount of MCFA. .. The upper limit can be set to 0.70 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.45 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
本発明の食品組成物の摂取量は、下限値を、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０３ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは１．００ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．５０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 The intake amount of the food composition of the present invention can be set to preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day or more in terms of the amount of MCT. .. The upper limit can be set to 1.00 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.50 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCT.
本発明の食品組成物は、継続摂取に適する。摂取期間としては特に限定されないが、例えば７日以上、好ましくは１４日以上に設定できる。摂取は、上記期間中、数時間おきに行ってもよいし、間隔（例えば、１日〜数日）をあけて行ってもよい。 The food composition of the present invention is suitable for continuous ingestion. The ingestion period is not particularly limited, but can be set to, for example, 7 days or more, preferably 14 days or more. Ingestion may be performed every few hours during the above period, or may be performed at intervals (for example, one to several days).
［有酸素性運動機能向上用医薬組成物］
本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、有酸素性運動機能向上用医薬組成物の製造のために適用できる。本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤を含む有酸素性運動機能向上用医薬組成物（以下、「本発明の医薬組成物」ともいう。）は、副作用の懸念の少なく、継続投与に適した医薬品として好ましく利用できる。
[Pharmaceutical composition for improving aerobic motor function]
The aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention can be applied for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for improving aerobic motor function. The pharmaceutical composition for improving aerobic motor function containing the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “pharmaceutical composition of the present invention”) has less concern about side effects and is suitable for continuous administration. It can be preferably used as a pharmaceutical product.
本発明の医薬組成物の形態としては特に限定されないが、経口投与用医薬組成物又は非経口投与用医薬組成物のいずれとしても調製できる。経口投与用医薬組成物の形態としては、例えば、カプセル剤、錠剤、丸剤、散剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、液剤、シロップ剤等の製剤が挙げられる。非経口投与用医薬組成物の形態としては、注射剤、輸液剤等の製剤が挙げられる。継続的に投与しやすいという観点から、本発明の医薬組成物は経口投与用医薬組成物であることが好ましい。 The form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be prepared as either a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration or a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration. Examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition for oral administration include preparations such as capsules, tablets, pills, powders, fine granules, granules, liquids, and syrups. Examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration include preparations such as injections and infusions. From the viewpoint of easy continuous administration, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration.
本発明の医薬組成物は、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤、並びに、薬理上及び製剤上許容し得る添加物を含む組成物であることが好ましい。「薬理上及び製剤上許容し得る添加物」としては、通常、製剤分野において賦形剤等として常用され、かつ、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤に含まれる有効成分と反応しない物質を使用できる。 The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably a composition containing the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention and additives that are pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable. As a "pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable additive", a substance that is usually used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical field and does not react with the active ingredient contained in the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention is used. Can be used.
本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、投与目的（予防又は治療）、投与方法、投与期間、その他の諸条件（例えば、患者の症状、年齢、体重）に応じて、適宜設定できる。
本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０８ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．７０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．４５ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。
The dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the purpose of administration (prevention or treatment), administration method, administration period, and other conditions (for example, patient's symptoms, age, body weight).
In the case of oral administration, the lower limit of the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.02 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.08 g / kg body weight / day in terms of the amount of MCFA. Can be set to more than a day. The upper limit can be set to 0.70 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.45 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０３ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは１．００ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．５０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 In the case of oral administration, the lower limit of the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.03 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight / day in terms of the amount of MCT. Can be set to more than a day. The upper limit can be set to 1.00 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.50 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCT.
本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、非経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２６ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．０９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＦＡの量に換算して、好ましくは０．７２ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．５６ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。 In the case of parenteral administration, the lower limit of the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.026 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.09 g / kg body weight in terms of the amount of MCFA. Can be set to / day or more. The upper limit can be set to 0.72 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.56 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCFA.
本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、非経口投与の場合、下限値を、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．０２９ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上、さらに好ましくは０．１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以上に設定できる。上限値については、ＭＣＴの量に換算して、好ましくは０．８０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下、さらに好ましくは０．６０ｇ／ｋｇ体重／日以下に設定できる。なお、非経口投与の場合は、上記投与量を数時間かけて（例えば、４〜８時間かけて）投与することが好ましい。 In the case of parenteral administration, the lower limit of the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 0.029 g / kg body weight / day or more, more preferably 0.10 g / kg body weight in terms of the amount of MCT. Can be set to / day or more. The upper limit can be set to 0.80 g / kg body weight / day or less, more preferably 0.60 g / kg body weight / day or less in terms of the amount of MCT. In the case of parenteral administration, it is preferable to administer the above dose over several hours (for example, over 4 to 8 hours).
本発明の医薬組成物は、副作用の懸念が少ないうえ、一般的な有効成分との相互作用が生じる可能性が低いため、生活習慣病（高血圧、糖尿病、脂質異常症等）治療薬等の既存薬と組み合わせて用いてもよい。 Since the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is less likely to cause side effects and is less likely to interact with general active ingredients, existing therapeutic agents for lifestyle-related diseases (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc.) and the like are already available. It may be used in combination with a drug.
本発明の医薬組成物は、副作用の懸念が少ないため、継続投与に適する。投与期間としては特に限定されないが、例えば７日以上、好ましくは１４日以上に設定できる。投与は、上記期間中、数時間おきに行ってもよいし、間隔（例えば、１日〜数日）をあけて行ってもよい。 The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is suitable for continuous administration because there is little concern about side effects. The administration period is not particularly limited, but can be set to, for example, 7 days or more, preferably 14 days or more. Administration may be performed every few hours during the above period, or may be administered at intervals (for example, one to several days).
以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
［非運動習慣者を対象とした有酸素性運動機能向上効果の確認］
（１）試験方法
ランダム化二重盲検クロスオーバー試験により、試験食を継続摂取し、運動負荷試験を行った際の、運動開始からＶＴ時点までの経過時間（ｓｅｃ）、ＶＴ時点の出力パワー（Ｗ）、ＶＴ時点の酸素摂取量（ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）、ＶＴ時点のＣＯ２排泄量当たり換気量（ｍｌ／ｍｌ）、及び、ＶＴ時点のメッツ（Ｍｅｔｓ）を測定した。
すなわち、運動開始からＶＴ時点までの経過時間（ｓｅｃ）は、有酸素性運動が可能な時間、ＶＴ時点の出力パワー（Ｗ）とＶＴ時点のメッツ（Ｍｅｔｓ）は、有酸素性状態で実行可能な最大運動強度、ＶＴ時点の酸素摂取量（ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）は、酸素摂取能力、ＶＴ時点のＣＯ２排泄量当たり換気量（ｍｌ／ｍｌ）は、換気効率の指標として用いた。
[Confirmation of aerobic motor function improvement effect for non-exercise habits]
(1) Test method By a randomized double-blind crossover test, the elapsed time (sec) from the start of exercise to the time of VT and the output power at the time of VT when the test meal was continuously ingested and the exercise load test was performed. (W), oxygen intake (ml / min) at the time of VT, ventilation volume (ml / ml) per CO 2 excretion at the time of VT, and Mets (METs) at the time of VT were measured.
That is, the elapsed time (sec) from the start of exercise to the VT time point is the time during which aerobic exercise is possible, and the output power (W) at the VT time point and the Mets (METs) at the VT time point can be executed in the aerobic state. The maximum exercise intensity, oxygen uptake (ml / min) at VT, oxygen uptake capacity, and ventilation per CO 2 excretion at VT (ml / ml) were used as indicators of ventilation efficiency.
（２）試験食品の製造
表１に示す配合の試験食Ａ（糖質食）、試験食Ｂ（ＭＣＴ１食）、及び試験食Ｃ（ＭＣＴ２食）を製造した。試験食Ａは、全ての原料を３００ｋｇの温水に撹拌溶解し、全体が５００ｋｇとなるように温水で重量を合わせた。試験食Ｂ及びＣは、ＭＣＴと乳化剤以外の原料を３００ｋｇの温水に撹拌溶解し、乳化剤を投入して撹拌後、ＭＣＴを投入して十分に撹拌し、全体が５００ｋｇとなるように温水で重量を合わせた。
上記で調整した試験食Ａ〜Ｃの調合液をホモジナイザーで均質化した後、レトルト容器に１５０ｇずつ封入してレトルト殺菌（１２１℃、１０分間）した。１日摂取量（３００ｇ）あたりの栄養成分を表１に示す。
(2) Production of test foods Test food A (sugar food), test food B (MCT 1 meal), and test food C (MCT 2 meals) having the formulations shown in Table 1 were produced. In the test meal A, all the raw materials were stirred and dissolved in 300 kg of warm water, and the weight was adjusted with warm water so that the total weight was 500 kg. The test meals B and C are prepared by stirring and dissolving raw materials other than MCT and emulsifier in 300 kg of warm water, adding the emulsifier and stirring, then adding MCT and sufficiently stirring, and weighting with warm water so that the total weight is 500 kg. I matched.
After homogenizing the preparations of the test meals A to C prepared above with a homogenizer, 150 g each was sealed in a retort container and retort sterilized (121 ° C., 10 minutes). Table 1 shows the nutritional components per daily intake (300 g).
表１中のＭＣＴ−１（本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤）は、日清オイリオグループ（株）製造品であり、構成脂肪酸がｎ−オクタン酸（炭素数８）とｎ−デカン酸（炭素数１０）、及び質量比がｎ−オクタン酸：ｎ−デカン酸＝７５：２５である。
また、ＭＣＴ−２（本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤）は、日清オイリオグループ（株）製造品であり、構成脂肪酸がｎ−オクタン酸（炭素数８）とｎ−デカン酸（炭素数１０）、及び質量比がｎ−オクタン酸：ｎ−デカン酸＝３０：７０である。
MCT-1 (the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention) in Table 1 is a product manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd., and its constituent fatty acids are n-octanoic acid (8 carbon atoms) and n-decanoic acid. (10 carbon atoms), and the mass ratio is n-octanoic acid: n-decanoic acid = 75:25.
MCT-2 (the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention) is a product manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd., and its constituent fatty acids are n-octanoic acid (8 carbon atoms) and n-decanoic acid (carbon). Equation 10), and the mass ratio is n-octanoic acid: n-decanoic acid = 30:70.
表１中の栄養成分表示は、試験食の１日摂取量（２包）当たりの含有量（計算値）である。 The nutrition facts label in Table 1 is the content (calculated value) per daily intake (2 packets) of the test meal.
（３）被験者
１５名の健康な非運動習慣者である男女（男性６名、女性９名、平均年齢５１．４、平均ＢＭＩ２２．７±１．７、「１回３０分以上の運動を、週２回以上実施し、且つ１年以上持続している者」を含まない）を選択した。
（４）試験日程
上記被験者に対し、試験食Ａ、試験食Ｂ、又は試験食Ｃのいずれかについて、運動負荷試験前日までの１３日間、１日２包（合計３００ｇ）継続して摂取させた。試験当日は、運動負荷試験の１時間前に、これまで摂取してきた試験食と同じ試験食を２包摂取させた。運動負荷試験後、２週間のウォッシュアウトを経て、前記の試験日程を繰り返し、３種の試験食の各々について、運動負荷試験のデータを収集した。
(3) Subjects 15 healthy non-exercise men and women (6 men, 9 women, average age 51.4, average BMI 22.7 ± 1.7, "exercise for 30 minutes or more at a time, "Persons who carry out at least twice a week and have lasted for more than one year" are not included).
(4) Test schedule The above subjects were allowed to continuously ingest either test meal A, test meal B, or test meal C for 13 days until the day before the exercise load test, 2 packets a day (300 g in total). .. On the day of the test, one hour before the exercise stress test, two packs of the same test meals as those taken so far were ingested. After the exercise load test, after a two-week washout, the above test schedule was repeated, and data of the exercise load test was collected for each of the three test meals.
（５）運動負荷試験
運動負荷試験の開始１０分前に被験者を自転車エルゴメーターに乗せ、座面の高さ及びつま先の固定具の調整を行い、呼気ガス用マスク、心拍計クリップを装着し５分間安静にして呼気成分を測定した。運動負荷試験の開始より、３分間は２０Ｗ負荷で被験者に自転車エルゴメーターを漕がせ、以降１分経過毎に男性は２０Ｗ／分、女性は１５Ｗ／分の割合で負荷を増やした（すなわち、漸増負荷を与えた）。なお、ペダルの回転数は５０〜６０回転／分を維持させた。
被験者毎に呼気成分分析（ｂｒｅａｔｈ−ｂｙ−ｂｒｅａｔｈ法）を行い、Ｖ−ｓｌｏｐｅ法を用いて、酸素摂取量（ＶＯ２）増加に対する二酸化炭素排泄量（ＶＣＯ２）増加の直線性が破たんする時点をＶＴとした。ＶＴの出現を確認後、２０Ｗまで負荷を下げてクールダウンした後、運動負荷試験を終了した。
(5) Exercise load test 10 minutes before the start of the exercise load test, the subject was placed on a bicycle ergometer, the height of the seat surface and the toe fixture were adjusted, and a mask for exhaled gas and a heart rate monitor clip were attached. The exhaled breath component was measured after resting for a minute. From the start of the exercise test, subjects were allowed to row a bicycle ergometer with a 20 W load for 3 minutes, and every minute thereafter, the load was increased at a rate of 20 W / min for men and 15 W / min for women (ie, every minute). The gradual load was given). The number of revolutions of the pedal was maintained at 50 to 60 revolutions / minute.
When the linearity of carbon dioxide excretion (VCO 2 ) increase with respect to oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) increase is broken by performing breath component analysis (breath-by-breath method) for each subject and using the V-slope method. Was VT. After confirming the appearance of VT, the load was reduced to 20 W to cool down, and then the exercise load test was completed.
（６）評価方法
被験者毎に、運動開始からＶＴ時点までの時間（ｓｅｃ）、ＶＴ時点の出力パワー（Ｗ）、ＶＴ時点の酸素摂取量（ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）、ＶＴ時点のＣＯ２排泄量当たり換気量（ｍｌ／ｍｌ）、及び、ＶＴ時点のメッツ（Ｍｅｔｓ）について、試験食Ａ摂取時（対照例）に対する試験食Ｂ摂取時（実施例１）、又は試験食Ｃ摂取時（実施例２）のΔ値を算出し、介入効果値を求めた。結果を表２に示す。数値は「平均値±標準偏差」で表した。
なお、運動開始からＶＴ時点までの経過時間（ｓｅｃ）、ＶＴ時点の出力パワー（Ｗ）、ＶＴ時点の酸素摂取量（ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）、及び、ＶＴ時点のＣＯ２排泄量当たり換気量（ｍｌ／ｍｌ）は、コンピュータで連続的に収集されたデータを、専用ソフトを用いて算出した。
また、メッツ（Ｍｅｔｓ）は、被験者毎の運動時代謝量を、試験食Ａ摂取時（対照例）の安静時代謝量で除して算出した。運動負荷試験の全被験者の平均メッツ（Ｍｅｔｓ）は、４．８８±１．４６であった。
(6) Evaluation method For each subject, the time from the start of exercise to the VT time point (sec), the output power at the VT time point (W), the oxygen intake at the VT time point (ml / min), and the CO 2 excretion amount at the VT time point. Regarding the ventilation volume (ml / ml) and the Mets at the time of VT, when the test meal A was ingested (control example), the test meal B was ingested (Example 1), or the test meal C was ingested (Example 2). ) Was calculated, and the intervention effect value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2. The numerical values are expressed as "mean ± standard deviation".
The elapsed time from the start of exercise to the VT time point (sec), the output power at the VT time point (W), the oxygen intake amount at the VT time point (ml / min), and the ventilation volume per CO 2 excretion amount at the VT time point (ml). / Ml) was calculated by using a dedicated software for the data continuously collected by the computer.
In addition, Mets was calculated by dividing the exercise metabolic amount for each subject by the resting metabolic amount when the test meal A was ingested (control example). The average METs of all subjects in the exercise test was 4.88 ± 1.46.
表２中の「ＶＴ時点」は運動開始からＶＴ時点までの経過時間（ｓｅｃ）、「出力パワー」はＶＴ時点の出力パワー（Ｗ）、「酸素摂取量」はＶＴ時点の酸素摂取量（ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）、及び、「換気量」はＶＴ時点のＣＯ２排泄量当たり換気量（ｍｌ／ｍｌ）を指す。
統計解析は、対照例と実施例とを比較するための多重比較を行った。バートレット検定により等分散の仮定に対する検定を行い、等分散が仮定できた際はＤｕｎｎｅｔｔ法を、仮定が棄却された際はＳｔｅｅｌ法を用いて対照例との有意性を検定した。危険率５％未満（ｐ＜０．０５）を統計学的に有意であると考えた。
In Table 2, "time point of VT" is the elapsed time (sec) from the start of exercise to the time point of VT, "output power" is the output power (W) at the time of VT, and "oxygen intake" is the amount of oxygen intake at the time of VT (ml). / Min) and "ventilation volume" refer to the ventilation volume (ml / ml) per CO 2 excretion amount at the time of VT.
Statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparisons to compare the control example with the example. The Bartlett's test was used to test the assumption of homoscedasticity, and when the homoscedasticity could be assumed, the Dunnett method was used, and when the assumption was rejected, the Steel method was used to test the significance of the control example. A risk rate of less than 5% (p <0.05) was considered statistically significant.
上記の結果から、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤を含有する試験食Ｂ又はＣを１４日間摂取した実施例（実施例１及び２）は、試験食Ａ（糖質食）を摂取した対照例と比べて、運動開始からＶＴ時点までの経過時間、ＶＴ時点の出力パワー、ＶＴ時点の酸素摂取量、及び、ＶＴ時点のメッツが増加した。また、ＶＴ時点のＣＯ２排泄量当たり換気量は、実施例（実施例１及び２）と対照例との間で、ほとんど差が無かった。
さらに、ＶＴ時点の酸素摂取量とＶＴ時点のメッツについては、実施例１及び２の介入効果値で有意差が認められ、運動開始からＶＴ時点までの経過時間とＶＴ時点の出力パワーについては、実施例２の介入効果値で有意差が認められた。
From the above results, Examples (Examples 1 and 2) ingesting the test meal B or C containing the aerobic motor function improving agent of the present invention for 14 days ingested the test meal A (sugar diet). Compared with the control example, the elapsed time from the start of exercise to the VT time point, the output power at the VT time point, the oxygen uptake at the VT time point, and the Mets at the VT time point were increased. In addition, the ventilation volume per CO 2 excretion amount at the time of VT was almost the same between the examples (Examples 1 and 2) and the control example.
Furthermore, regarding the oxygen uptake at VT and Mets at VT, a significant difference was observed in the intervention effect values of Examples 1 and 2, and the elapsed time from the start of exercise to VT and the output power at VT were A significant difference was observed in the intervention effect value of Example 2.
したがって、本発明の有酸素性運動機能向上剤は、有酸素性運動が可能な時間、及び、有酸素性状態で実行可能な最大運動強度を向上させる効果を有し、さらに、換気効率には影響を与えず、酸素摂取能力を向上させる効果も有すると考えられる。 Therefore, the aerobic exercise function improver of the present invention has the effect of improving the time during which aerobic exercise is possible and the maximum exercise intensity that can be performed in the aerobic state, and further, the ventilation efficiency is improved. It is considered to have the effect of improving the oxygen uptake capacity without affecting it.
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