JP2021003107A - Cas9ニッカーゼ活性を用いて正確なdna切断をもたらすための方法 - Google Patents
Cas9ニッカーゼ活性を用いて正確なdna切断をもたらすための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、II型CRISPRシステムに基づくゲノム操作の方法に関する。具体的には、本発明は、関心対象の遺伝子配列において核酸切断を正確に誘導するため、およびオフサイト切断を防止するための方法に関する。本方法は、オフサイト切断が生じるリスクを低下させる2つの異なる標的を持つ単一または複数のcrRNAおよびCas9のニッカーゼ構造体の使用に基づく。本発明はまた、本明細書に記載の方法に関連するポリペプチド、ポリヌクレオチド、ベクター、組成物、治療への応用にも関する。
部位特異的ヌクレアーゼは、複雑なゲノム内のDNA配列を特異的かつ効率的に標的化および修飾するための強力な試薬である。部位特異的ヌクレアーゼによるゲノム工学の応用は数多く存在し、基礎研究から生物工業的応用およびヒト治療法にまで及ぶ。この目的のためにDNA結合タンパク質を再操作することは、天然に存在するLADLIDADGホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼ(LHE)、人工亜鉛フィンガータンパク質(ZFP)、および転写活性化因子様エフェクターヌクレアーゼ(TALE-ヌクレアーゼ)などのタンパク質のデザインおよび作出に主に限定されてきた。
本明細書において具体的に定義されない限り、用いられる全ての技術的および科学的用語は、遺伝子療法、生化学、遺伝学、分子生物学および免疫学の分野の当業者によって一般的に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。
したがって、本発明は、二本鎖標的核酸において切断を正確に誘導するためのCRISPR/Casシステムに基づく新規の方法に関する。この方法は、RNAによってガイドされるCas9ヌクレアーゼに基づいて開発されたゲノム操作CRISPR獲得免疫系ツールに由来する(Gasiunas, Barrangou et al. 2012; Jinek, Chylinski et al. 2012)。
(a)該遺伝子配列における第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸を選択する段階であって、各標的核酸が一方の鎖において1つの3'末端に1つのPAMモチーフを含む、段階;
(b)以下をそれぞれ含む2種のcrRNAを設計する段階:
- 該PAMモチーフを含まない該標的核酸の逆鎖の一部分と相補的な配列、および
- 3'伸長配列;
(c)(b)の下で該crRNAの3'伸長配列の一部分と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNAを提供する段階;
(d)該PAMモチーフを特異的に認識する少なくとも1種のcas9ニッカーゼを提供する段階;
(e)該crRNA、該tracrRNA、および該Cas9ヌクレアーゼを細胞内に導入する段階
のうちの1つを含み、その結果、該遺伝子配列を該標的核酸の間で切断するために各Cas9-tracrRNA:crRNA複合体が二本鎖標的核酸においてニック事象を誘導する、前記方法に関する。
(a)それぞれ一方の鎖の3'端に異なるPAMモチーフを含む、第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸配列を選択する段階;
(b)それぞれが第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸の他方の鎖の一部分と相補的な配列を含みかつ3'伸長配列を有する2種のcrRNAを設計する段階;
(c)該crRNAの該3'伸長配列の一部分と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNAを提供する段階;
(d)第1の標的のPAMモチーフを特異的に認識し、かつ非機能的なRuvC様またはHNHヌクレアーゼドメインを持つ第1のcas9ヌクレアーゼを提供する段階;
(e)第2の標的のPAMモチーフを特異的に認識し、かつ非機能的なRuvC様またはHNHヌクレアーゼドメインを持つ第2のCas9を提供する段階;
(f)各Cas9-tracrRNA:crRNA複合体が二本鎖標的核酸においてニック事象を誘導するように、該crRNA、該tracrRNA、該Cas9ヌクレアーゼを細胞内に導入する段階。
本発明による方法で用いるために種々の細胞が適している。細胞は、任意の原核生物または真核生物の生細胞、これらの生物に由来するインビトロ培養用の細胞株、動物または植物由来の初代細胞であることができる。
- 第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸配列の一方の鎖(これらの二本鎖標的核酸配列は他方の鎖においてはPAMモチーフを含む)と相補的な配列を含み、かつ3'伸長配列を有する、2種のcrRNA;
- 該crRNAの該3'伸長配列と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNA;
- 非機能的なRuvC様もしくはHNHヌクレアーゼドメインを持つ少なくとも1種のcas9ヌクレアーゼまたはそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸配列の一方の鎖(これらの二本鎖標的核酸配列は他方の鎖においては異なるPAMモチーフを含む)と相補的な配列を含み、かつ3'伸長配列を有する、2種のcrRNA;
- 該crRNAの該3'伸長配列と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNA;
- 第1の標的核酸のPAMモチーフを特異的に認識し、かつ非機能的なRuvC様ヌクレアーゼドメインを持つ第1のCas9ヌクレアーゼまたはそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド;
- 第2の標的核酸のPAMモチーフを特異的に認識し、かつ非機能的なHNHヌクレアーゼドメインを持つ第2のCas9ヌクレアーゼまたはそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
本発明は、上記の方法によって修飾された関心対象の標的遺伝子配列を含む、トランスジェニック動物またはトランスジェニック植物も包含する。上記の方法を細胞または胚に対して実施することにより動物が作出されうる。具体的には、本発明は、遺伝子修飾を導入することが望まれる関心対象の遺伝子配列を含む真核細胞を提供する段階;本発明の方法のうちいずれか1つによって関心対象の遺伝子配列内に切断を生じさせる段階;および切断が起こった細胞またはその子孫から動物を作出する段階を含む、動物を作出するための方法に関する。典型的には、当該胚は、受精した1細胞期胚である。当該方法の構成要素は、胚の核または細胞質へのマイクロインジェクションを含む当技術分野において公知の方法のいずれかにより細胞内に導入されうる。具体的な態様において、動物を作出するための方法は、所望の外因性核酸を導入する段階をさらに含む。当該外因性核酸は、例えば、相同組換え後に遺伝子を破壊する核酸配列、相同組換え後に遺伝子を置換する核酸配列、相同組換え後に遺伝子に変異を導入する核酸配列、または相同組換え後に調節部位を導入する核酸配列を含むことができる。その後、当該胚を培養して動物を発生させる。本発明の1つの局面において、少なくとも関心対象の遺伝子配列が操作されている動物が提供される。例えば、操作された遺伝子は、それが転写されないかもしくは正しく翻訳されないように、または当該遺伝子の他の形態が発現するように、不活性になりうる。動物は、当該操作された遺伝子についてホモ接合性またはヘテロ接合性でありうる。
本明細書において開示される方法には、種々の応用がありうる。1つの態様において、本方法は、臨床または治療への応用に用いることができる。本方法は、例えば鎌状赤血球病における単一ヌクレオチド変化のような疾患原因遺伝子を修復または修正するために用いることができる。本方法は、特定の疾患または疾患状態に関与している他の遺伝子または染色体配列におけるスプライス部位変異、欠失、挿入などを修正するために用いることができる。
上記の説明のなかで、いくつかの用語が広く使われている。以下の定義は、本態様の理解を容易にするために提供される。
[本発明1001]
細胞内で遺伝子配列における核酸切断を正確に誘導するための方法であって、
(a)該遺伝子配列における第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸を選択する段階であって、各標的核酸が一方の鎖において1つの3'末端に1つのPAMモチーフを含む、段階;
(b)以下をそれぞれ含む2種のcrRNAを設計する段階:
- 該PAMモチーフを含まない該標的核酸の逆鎖の一部分と相補的な配列、および
- 3'伸長配列;
(c)(b)の下で該crRNAの該3'伸長配列の一部分と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNAを提供する段階;
(d)該PAMモチーフを特異的に認識する少なくとも1種のcas9ニッカーゼを提供する段階;
(e)該crRNA、該tracrRNA、および該Cas9ヌクレアーゼを該細胞内に導入する段階
を含み、その結果、該遺伝子配列を該標的核酸の間で切断するために各Cas9-tracrRNA:crRNA複合体が二本鎖標的核酸においてニック事象を誘導する、前記方法。
[本発明1002]
前記2つのPAMモチーフが、向かい合う核酸鎖上に存在する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
前記2つのPAMモチーフが、同じ核酸鎖上に存在する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1004]
前記第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸が、2つの異なるCas9ニッカーゼによって特異的に認識される異なるPAMモチーフを含む、本発明1001〜1003のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1005]
前記第1のCas9ニッカーゼが非機能的なRuvC様ヌクレアーゼドメインを持ち、かつ前記第2のCas9ニッカーゼが非機能的なHNHヌクレアーゼドメインを持つ、本発明1004の方法。
[本発明1006]
Cas9ニッカーゼが前記RuvCドメインにおける少なくとも1つの変異を含む、本発明1001〜1005のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1007]
Cas9ヌクレアーゼが前記HNHドメインにおける少なくとも1つの変異を含む、本発明1001〜1005のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1008]
各crRNAが12〜20ヌクレオチドの相補的配列を含む、本発明1001〜1007のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1009]
段階(b)において、各標的核酸配列の一部分と相補的な2種の配列を含む1種のcrRNAを設計することを含む、本発明1001〜1008のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1010]
前記crRNAおよび前記tracrRNAが融合されて一本鎖のガイドRNAを形成する、本発明1001〜1009のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1011]
第1および第2の標的核酸配列が、1〜300 bp、好ましくは3〜250 bpのスペーサー領域によって互いに間隔を空けられている、本発明1001〜1010のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1012]
前記遺伝子配列の少なくとも一部分と相同な少なくとも1種の配列を含む外因性核酸配列を導入する段階をさらに含み、その結果、該外因性核酸配列と遺伝子配列との間で相同組換えが起こる、本発明1001〜1011のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1013]
前記細胞が植物細胞である、本発明1001〜1012のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1014]
前記細胞が哺乳類細胞である、本発明1001〜1012のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1015]
以下を含む、単離された細胞:
- 第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸配列と相補的な配列を含みかつ3'伸長配列を有する、2種のcrRNA;
- 該crRNAの該3'伸長配列と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNA;
- 少なくとも1種のcas9ニッカーゼまたはそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
[本発明1016]
以下を含む、細胞内で遺伝子配列における核酸切断を正確に誘導するためのキット:
- 3'伸長配列を有する、第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸配列と相補的な配列を含む2種のcrRNA;
- 該crRNAの該3'伸長配列と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNA;
- 少なくとも1種のcas9ニッカーゼまたはそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
[本発明1017]
以下の段階を含む、動物を作出するための方法:
(a)遺伝子修飾を導入することが望まれる遺伝子配列を含む真核細胞を提供する段階;
(b)本発明1001〜1014のいずれかの方法により該遺伝子配列内で切断を誘導する段階; および
(c)核酸切断が起こった該細胞またはその子孫から動物を作出する段階。
[本発明1018]
前記標的核酸配列の少なくとも一部分と相同な配列を含む外因性核酸を前記細胞内に導入する段階、および相同組換えが起こった該細胞またはその子孫から動物を作出する段階をさらに含む、本発明1017の方法。
[本発明1019]
以下の段階を含む、植物を作出するための方法:
(d)遺伝子修飾を導入することが望まれる遺伝子配列を含む植物細胞を提供する段階;
(e)本発明1001〜1014のいずれかの方法により、該遺伝子配列内で核酸切断を誘導する段階; および
(f)核酸切断が起こった該細胞またはその子孫から植物を作出する段階。
[本発明1020]
前記標的核酸配列の少なくとも一部分と相同な配列を含む外因性核酸を前記植物細胞内に導入する段階; および相同組換えが起こった該細胞またはその子孫から植物を作出する段階をさらに含む、本発明1019の方法。
Claims (20)
- 細胞内で遺伝子配列における核酸切断を正確に誘導するための方法であって、
(a)該遺伝子配列における第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸を選択する段階であって、各標的核酸が一方の鎖において1つの3'末端に1つのPAMモチーフを含む、段階;
(b)以下をそれぞれ含む2種のcrRNAを設計する段階:
- 該PAMモチーフを含まない該標的核酸の逆鎖の一部分と相補的な配列、および
- 3'伸長配列;
(c)(b)の下で該crRNAの該3'伸長配列の一部分と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNAを提供する段階;
(d)該PAMモチーフを特異的に認識する少なくとも1種のcas9ニッカーゼを提供する段階;
(e)該crRNA、該tracrRNA、および該Cas9ヌクレアーゼを該細胞内に導入する段階
を含み、その結果、該遺伝子配列を該標的核酸の間で切断するために各Cas9-tracrRNA:crRNA複合体が二本鎖標的核酸においてニック事象を誘導する、前記方法。 - 前記2つのPAMモチーフが、向かい合う核酸鎖上に存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記2つのPAMモチーフが、同じ核酸鎖上に存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸が、2つの異なるCas9ニッカーゼによって特異的に認識される異なるPAMモチーフを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のCas9ニッカーゼが非機能的なRuvC様ヌクレアーゼドメインを持ち、かつ前記第2のCas9ニッカーゼが非機能的なHNHヌクレアーゼドメインを持つ、請求項4に記載の方法。
- Cas9ニッカーゼが前記RuvCドメインにおける少なくとも1つの変異を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- Cas9ヌクレアーゼが前記HNHドメインにおける少なくとも1つの変異を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 各crRNAが12〜20ヌクレオチドの相補的配列を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 段階(b)において、各標的核酸配列の一部分と相補的な2種の配列を含む1種のcrRNAを設計することを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記crRNAおよび前記tracrRNAが融合されて一本鎖のガイドRNAを形成する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 第1および第2の標的核酸配列が、1〜300 bp、好ましくは3〜250 bpのスペーサー領域によって互いに間隔を空けられている、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子配列の少なくとも一部分と相同な少なくとも1種の配列を含む外因性核酸配列を導入する段階をさらに含み、その結果、該外因性核酸配列と遺伝子配列との間で相同組換えが起こる、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が植物細胞である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が哺乳類細胞である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 以下を含む、単離された細胞:
- 第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸配列と相補的な配列を含みかつ3'伸長配列を有する、2種のcrRNA;
- 該crRNAの該3'伸長配列と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNA;
- 少なくとも1種のcas9ニッカーゼまたはそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド。 - 以下を含む、細胞内で遺伝子配列における核酸切断を正確に誘導するためのキット:
- 3'伸長配列を有する、第1および第2の二本鎖標的核酸配列と相補的な配列を含む2種のcrRNA;
- 該crRNAの該3'伸長配列と相補的な配列を含む少なくとも1種のtracrRNA;
- 少なくとも1種のcas9ニッカーゼまたはそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド。 - 以下の段階を含む、動物を作出するための方法:
(a)遺伝子修飾を導入することが望まれる遺伝子配列を含む真核細胞を提供する段階;
(b)請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法により該遺伝子配列内で切断を誘導する段階; および
(c)核酸切断が起こった該細胞またはその子孫から動物を作出する段階。 - 前記標的核酸配列の少なくとも一部分と相同な配列を含む外因性核酸を前記細胞内に導入する段階、および相同組換えが起こった該細胞またはその子孫から動物を作出する段階をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 以下の段階を含む、植物を作出するための方法:
(d)遺伝子修飾を導入することが望まれる遺伝子配列を含む植物細胞を提供する段階;
(e)請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法により、該遺伝子配列内で核酸切断を誘導する段階; および
(f)核酸切断が起こった該細胞またはその子孫から植物を作出する段階。 - 前記標的核酸配列の少なくとも一部分と相同な配列を含む外因性核酸を前記植物細胞内に導入する段階; および相同組換えが起こった該細胞またはその子孫から植物を作出する段階をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
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AU2014273082B2 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
ES2670531T3 (es) | 2018-05-30 |
JP2016520317A (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
JP7065564B2 (ja) | 2022-05-12 |
US20160122774A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
CA2913865A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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