JP2020537604A - 電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する機能性要素 - Google Patents
電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する機能性要素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020537604A JP2020537604A JP2020522291A JP2020522291A JP2020537604A JP 2020537604 A JP2020537604 A JP 2020537604A JP 2020522291 A JP2020522291 A JP 2020522291A JP 2020522291 A JP2020522291 A JP 2020522291A JP 2020537604 A JP2020537604 A JP 2020537604A
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Abstract
Description
● 特に好ましくは下記である、物理気相堆積(PVD):
・例えば下記である、気化:
− 熱気化
− 電子ビーム気化
− レーザービーム気化
− イオンアシスト堆積(IAD)、若しくは
− アーク気化
若しくは、
・例えば下記である、カソードスパッタリング(スパッタリング):
− マグネトロンスパッタリング
● 例えば下記である、原子層堆積:
・プラズマエンハンスト原子層堆積(PEALD)
及び/又は
● 特に好ましくは下記である、化学気相堆積(CVD):
・プラズマエンハンスト化学気相堆積(PECVD)
・低圧化学気相堆積(LPCVD)
・低温低圧PECVD。
(a)少なくとも第1キャリアフィルム、活性層、及び第2キャリアフィルムの、スタック配列を提供すること、並びに、
(b)機能性要素の少なくとも1つの側方表面における活性層の出口表面を、少なくとも部分的に、好ましくは完全に、真空に基づく薄膜堆積法によって、バリア層で封止すること。
スタック配列は、例えば、適切なサイズ及び形状にされた、事前製造されたフィルムである。
●特に好ましくは下記である、物理気相堆積(PVD):
・例えば下記である、気化
− 熱気化
− 電子ビーム気化
− レーザービーム気化
− イオンアシスト堆積(IAD)、若しくは
− アーク気化
若しくは、
・例えば下記である、カソードスパッタリング(スパッタリング):
− マグネトロンスパッタリング
●例えば下記である、原子層堆積(ALD):
・プラズマエンハンスト原子層堆積(PEALD)
又は、
●特には下記である、化学気相堆積(CVD):
・プラズマエンハンスト化学気相堆積(PECVD)
・低圧化学気相堆積(LPCVD)
・低温低圧PECVD。
少なくとも下記の、スタック配列:
− PETから形成されている第1キャリアフィルム
− 活性層としてのPDLC層、及び
− PETから形成されている第2キャリアフィルム、
ここで、少なくとも機能性要素の側方表面が、プラズマエンハンスト化学気相堆積(PECVD)によって製造される少なくとも1つのバリア層によって封止されている。
(c)外側ペイン、第1中間層、電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する本発明に係る機能性要素、第2中間層、及び内側ペインを、この順番で、互いに重ね合って配置し、かつ、
(d)外側ペイン及び内側ペインを、積層によって結合させ、ここで、埋め込まれた機能性要素を有する中間層が、第1中間層及び第2中間層から形成される。
(I)少なくとも下記のスタック配列を、提供すること:
− 第1キャリアフィルム(15)、
− 活性層(11)、及び
− 第2キャリアフィルム(14)、
並びに
(II)活性層(11)の出口表面(8)を、少なくとも部分的に、機能性要素(5)の少なくとも1つの側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)において、バリア層(4)によって封止すること、ここで、バリア層(4)は、PECVD法によって機能性要素(3)に堆積される。
そして、SiOxに基づく第2個別層4.2を、第1個別層4.1に堆積する。このために、上述したように、HMDSOである第1プロセスガスG1、及び酸素である第2プロセスガスG2を、例えば、1:10の比率で、プラズマゾーン27に導入する。
少なくとも下記である、スタック配列:
− 第1キャリアフィルム(15)、
− 活性層(11)、及び
− 第2キャリアフィルム(14)、
ここで、活性層(11)の少なくとも1つの出口表面(8)が、機能性要素(5)の少なくとも1つの側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)において、少なくとも部分的に、少なくとも1つのバリア層(4)によって、封止されている。
少なくとも下記である、スタック配列:
− 第1キャリアフィルム(15)、
− 活性層(11)、及び
− 第2キャリアフィルム(14)、
ここで、活性層(11)の少なくとも1つの出口表面(8)が、機能性要素(5)の少なくとも1つの側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)において、少なくとも部分的に、少なくとも1つのバリア層(4)によって、封止されており、かつ、バリア層(4)が、1つの個別層(4.1)の単一層で形成されているか、又は、少なくとも2つの個別層(4.1、4.2)の複数層で形成されており、
ここで、バリア層の個別層(4.1)又は少なくとも1つの個別層(4.1、4.2)が、下記の材料を含み、又は下記の材料からなる:
(a)金属酸化物に基づく、金属窒化物に基づく、若しくは金属酸窒化物に基づく層、ここで、金属は、好ましくは、ケイ素(Si)、アルミニウム(Al)、タンタル(Ta)、若しくはバナリウム(V)、若しくはこれらの混合物であり、好ましくは、準化学量論的又は化学量論的なケイ素酸化物層である、
(b)有機金属層、好ましくは、SiOxCy:H型の有機ケイ素層、好ましくは、xが0.1〜3であり、yが0.3超である、
(c)非晶質水素化炭素(a−C:H)、好ましくは、非晶質水素化窒素ドープ炭素(a−C:N:H)、若しくは非晶質水素化窒素ドープケイ素ドープ炭素(a−C:N:Si:H)、
並びに/又は、
(d)気相堆積法によって製造可能である他のセラミック層及び/若しくはポリマー層、これらの層は、可塑剤の拡散を低減するか若しくは実質的に防止し、好ましくは、パリレン、ポリビニリデンクロリド(PVDC)、エチレンビニルアルコールコポリマー(EVOP)、又はポリアクリレートであり、好ましくは、バリア層(4)が、全体で、出口表面(8)上で、10nm〜5000nm(ナノメートル)、特に好ましくは15nm〜1000nm、最も特に好ましくは15nm〜500nmの、厚みdを有する。
2 内側ペイン
3a 第1中間層
3b 第2中間層
3c 第3中間層
4 バリア層
4.1、4.2 バリア層4の個別層
5 電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する機能性要素
5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4 機能性要素5の側方表面
6 第1中間層3aの色づいている領域
8 活性層11の出口表面
9 マスキングプリント
11 機能性要素5の活性層
12 機能性要素5の表面電極
13 機能性要素5の表面電極
14 キャリアフィルム
15 キャリアフィルム
20 気化堆積システム
21 真空チャンバー
22 高周波発生器
23 適合エレクトロニクス
24 カソード
25 アノード
26 試料保持体
27 プラズマゾーン
28 真空ポンプ
30.1 第1ガス入口
30.2 第2ガス入口
31 ガス出口
100 複合ペイン
B ウィンドシールドの中央視界
D ウィンドシールドの上方端部、ルーフ端部
d 厚み、材料厚
G1 第1プロセスガス
G2 第2プロセスガス
M ウィンドシールドの下方端部、エンジン端部、
U 張り出し
X−X´ 切断線
Z、Z´、Z´´ 拡大領域
Claims (15)
- 下記を有する、電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する機能性要素(5)を有する複合ペイン(100):
外側ペイン(1)、第1中間層(3a)、第2中間層(3b)、及び内側ペイン(2)のスタック配列、
ここで、前記中間層(3a、3b)が、少なくとも1つの可塑剤を有する少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーフィルムを有し、電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する機能性要素(5)が、少なくとも部分的に、前記第1中間層(3a)と前記第2中間層(3b)との間に配置されており、かつ、前記機能性要素(5)が、ポリマー拡散液晶(PDLC)機能性要素であり、
ここで、前記機能性要素(5)が、少なくとも下記の第2のスタック配列を有し:
− 第1キャリアフィルム(15)、
− 活性層(11)、及び
− 第2キャリアフィルム(14)、かつ、
ここで、前記活性層(11)の少なくとも1つの出口表面(8)が、少なくとも部分的に、前記機能性要素(5)の少なくとも1つの側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)において、少なくとも1つのバリア層(4)によって封止されており、
前記バリア層(4)が、前記バリア層(4)を通る可塑剤の拡散を実質的に防ぐように、実施されており、かつ、
前記バリア層(4)が、真空に基づく薄膜堆積法よって、製造されている。 - 前記真空に基づく薄膜堆積法が、下記の方法のうちの1つである、請求項1に記載の複合ペイン(100):
● 特に好ましくは下記である、物理気相堆積(PVD):
・例えば下記である、気化:
− 熱気化
− 電子ビーム気化
− レーザービーム気化
− イオンアシスト堆積(IAD)、若しくは
− アーク気化
若しくは、
・例えば下記である、カソードスパッタリング(スパッタリング):
− マグネトロンスパッタリング、
● 例えば下記である、原子層堆積:
・プラズマエンハンスト原子層堆積(PEALD)
及び/又は
● 特に好ましくは下記である、化学気相堆積(CVD):
・プラズマエンハンスト化学気相堆積(PECVD)。 - 前記出口表面(8)が、全ての側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)において、前記バリア層(4)によって、完全に封止されており、又は、
前記側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)のうちの少なくとも1つ、好ましくは前記側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)のすべてが、前記バリア層(4)によって完全に封止されている、
請求項1又は2に記載の複合ペイン(100)。 - 前記バリア層(4)が、前記キャリアフィルム(14、15)を通る可塑剤の拡散と同程度又はそれよりも大きい程度で、前記バリア層(4)を通る可塑剤の拡散を防ぐように、実施されている、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)。
- 前記バリア層(4)が、1つの個別層(4.1)の単一層、又は少なくとも2つの個別層(4.1、4.2)の複層、で実施されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)。
- 前記バリア層(4)の前記個別層(4.1)、又は少なくとも1つの前記個別層(4.1、4.2)が、下記の材料を含むか、又は下記の材料からなる、請求項5に記載の複合ペイン(100):
(a)金属の酸化物に基づく、金属の窒化物に基づく、若しくは金属の酸窒化物に基づく層、ここで、前記金属は、好ましくは、ケイ素(Si)、アルミニウム(Al)、タンタル(Ta)、若しくはバナジウム(V)、若しくはこれらの混合物であり、好ましくは、準化学量論的若しくは化学量論的なケイ素酸化物層である、
(b)有機金属層、好ましくは、SiOxCy:H型の有機ケイ素層、好ましくは、xが0.1〜3であり、yが0.3超である、
(c)非晶質水素化炭素(a−C:H)、好ましくは、非晶質水素化窒素ドープ炭素(a−C:N:H)、若しくは非晶質水素化窒素ドープケイ素ドープ炭素(a−C:N:Si:H)、
並びに/又は、
(d)気相堆積法によって製造可能であり、可塑剤の拡散を低減するか若しくは実質的に防止する、他のセラミック層及び/若しくはポリマー層、好ましくは、パリレン、ポリビニリデンクロリド(PVDC)、エチレンビニルアルコールコポリマー(EVOP)、又はポリアクリレート。 - 前記バリア層(4)の全体が、前記出口表面(8)上で、10nm〜5000nm(ナノメートル)、好ましくは15nm〜1000nm、特に好ましくは15nm〜500nmの、厚みdを有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)。
- 前記バリア層(4)が、前記機能性要素(5)の前記スタック配列の前記側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)に直接に配置されており、特には、前記活性層(11)の前記出口表面(8)及び/又は前記キャリアフィルム(14、15)の前記側方表面に直接に配置されている、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)。
- 前記バリア層(4)が、少なくとも、SiOxCy:Hz型の有機ケイ素化合物の第1個別層(4.1)、及びケイ素酸化物に基づく第2個別層(4.2)からなり、ここで、好ましくは、前記第1個別層(4.1)が、前記機能性要素(5)の前記スタック配列に直接に配置されており、かつ、前記第2個別層(4.2)が、特に好ましくは、前記第1個別層(4.1)に直接に配置されている、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)。
- 前記中間層(3a、3b)が、少なくとも3重量%、好ましくは少なくとも5重量%、特に好ましくは少なくとも20重量%、よりさらに好ましくは少なくとも30重量%、特には少なくとも40重量%の可塑剤を含有しており、かつ、前記可塑剤が、好ましくは、トリエチレングリコール又はテトラエチレングリコールの脂肪族ジエステル、特に好ましくはトリエチレングリコール−ビス−(2−エチルヘキサノエート)を含有しているか、又はそれからなる、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)。
- 前記中間層(3a、3b)が、少なくとも60重量%、好ましくは少なくとも70重量%、特に好ましくは少なくとも90重量%、特には少なくとも97重量%のポリビニルブチラール(PVB)を含有している、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)。
- 少なくとも下記である、電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する機能性要素(5)を製造する方法:
(a)少なくとも下記のスタック配列を、提供すること:
− 第1キャリアフィルム(15)、
− 活性層(11)、及び
− 第2キャリアフィルム(14)、
並びに
(b)前記活性層(11)の出口表面(8)を、少なくとも部分的に、前記機能性要素(5)の少なくとも1つの側方表面(5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4)において、バリア層(4)によって、封止すること、ここで、好ましくは、前記バリア層(4)を、真空に基づく薄膜堆積法によって、好ましくはPECVD法によって、製造する。 - 下記が後に続く、請求項12に記載の方法:
(c)外側ペイン(1)、第1中間層(3a)、電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する前記機能性要素(5)、第2中間層(3b)、及び内側ペイン(2)を、この順番で、互いに重ね合って配置すること、
並びに
(d)前記外側ペイン(1)及び前記内側ペイン(2)を、積層によって結合すること、ここで、埋め込まれた機能性要素(5)を有する中間層を、前記第1中間層(3a)及び前記第2中間層(3b)から形成する。 - 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)の、乗り物のウィンドシールド又はルーフパネルとしての使用、ここで、前記機能性要素(5)を、サンバイザーとして使用する。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の複合ペイン(100)の、乗り物又は建物における内部グレージング又は外部グレージングとしての使用、ここで、前記電気的に制御可能な機能性要素(5)を、太陽光スクリーン又はプライバシースクリーンとして使用する。
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