JP2020509010A - コンジュゲート化のためのシステイン突然変異抗体 - Google Patents
コンジュゲート化のためのシステイン突然変異抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020509010A JP2020509010A JP2019546364A JP2019546364A JP2020509010A JP 2020509010 A JP2020509010 A JP 2020509010A JP 2019546364 A JP2019546364 A JP 2019546364A JP 2019546364 A JP2019546364 A JP 2019546364A JP 2020509010 A JP2020509010 A JP 2020509010A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、2017年2月28日付け出願の第62/465,129号および2017年9月20日付け出願の第62/561,151号(それらのそれぞれの全体をあらゆる目的で参照により本明細書に組み入れることとする)の利益を主張するものである。
本出願は、2018年2月20日付けで作成された59キロバイトの508682-ST25と称されるtxt配列表(これを参照により本明細書に組み入れることとする)を含む。
本発明は、EU番号付け(ナンバリング)による295位がシステインにより占有されている重鎖定常領域を含む抗体または融合タンパク質を提供する。所望により、該抗体または融合タンパク質は295位のシステインを介して薬物または標識にコンジュゲート化されている。所望により、EU番号付けによる239位はシステインにより占有されている。所望により、該抗体または融合タンパク質は、295位および239位のシステインを介して薬物または標識にコンジュゲート化されている。
本発明は更に、前記の抗体または融合タンパク質を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
単離された抗体またはADCは、典型的には、その製造または精製から生じる夾雑タンパク質およびその他の夾雑物で少なくとも50% w/wの純度であるが、抗体が、その使用を容易にすることを目的とする、過剰な製薬上許容されるキャリアー(1つまたは複数)または他の媒体と結びついている可能性は排除されない。抗体またはADCは、製造または精製からの夾雑タンパク質および夾雑物で、少なくとも60%、70%、80%、90%、95%または99% w/wの純度であることもある。
I.全般
本発明は、EU番号付けによる294位または295位にシステインを含む、そして所望により、EU番号付けによる239位にシステインを含む修飾された重鎖定常領域を提供する。これらのシステイン残基は薬物または標識へのコンジュゲート化(conjugation、結合)のための部位を提供する。通常のヘテロ二量体抗体形態においては、重鎖当たり2つのシステインが存在する場合、そのような部位が抗体分子当たり4つ存在して、薬物または標識の4つに対して抗体1分子の化学量論を可能にする。239位のシステインの存在下または非存在下の294位または295位のシステインの選択は、発現の容易さ、安定性および細胞毒性の点で、多数の他の位置におけるシステインと比較して有利である。本発明はまた、チューブリシンMにコンジュゲート化されたEU番号付けによる295位のシステインを含む修飾された重鎖定常領域を提供する。
ヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3およびIgG4の典型的な野生型配列は配列番号1〜4として示されている。本発明の好ましい定常領域は、295位がシステインにより占有されていること(それぞれ配列番号5〜8)、あるいは295位および239位がシステインにより占有されていること(それぞれ配列番号9〜12)以外は、配列番号1、2、3または4の配列を有する。本発明の他の好ましい定常領域は、294位がシステインにより占有されていること(それぞれ配列番号13〜16)、あるいは294位および239位がシステインにより占有されていること(それぞれ配列番号17〜20)以外は、配列番号1、2、3または4の配列を有する。
前記の修飾重鎖定常領域は抗体または融合タンパク質内に組込まれうる。例えば、2価単一特異性抗体の発現のためには、修飾重鎖定常領域は、重鎖可変領域に融合した形態で、そして軽鎖可変領域および軽鎖定常領域を含む軽鎖と共に発現される。重鎖および軽鎖は重鎖のCH1領域および軽鎖定常領域を介して互いに結合して、ヘテロ二量体を形成する。ついで2つのヘテロ二量体は、通常の抗体の場合と同様に、IgG重鎖のヒンジ、CH2およびCH3領域の結合によりペアを形成して、四量体単位を形成する。二重特異性抗体の発現のためには、修飾重鎖定常領域は、異なる標的特異性の2つの重鎖可変領域のそれぞれに融合した形態で発現される。それらの重鎖のそれぞれは、共発現した軽鎖と合体することが可能であり、該重鎖-軽鎖複合体は、両方の重鎖が存在するヘテロ二量体を形成しうる。軽鎖可変領域は単位内で同じ(例えば、US 20100331527A1を参照されたい)または異なりうる。
抗体鎖または融合タンパク質をコードする核酸は固相合成、重複オリゴヌクレオチド断片のPCR増幅または既存核酸の部位特異的突然変異誘発により製造されうる。そのような核酸は発現ベクター内で発現される。ベクターは、修飾重鎖定常領域および/またはヒト軽鎖定常領域をコードするように設計されることが可能であり、この場合、それらは、挿入された重鎖および軽鎖可変領域または異種ポリペプチドとの融合物として発現されうる。
重鎖定常領域内に導入されたシステイン残基は、抗体薬物コンジュゲート(ADC)としての薬物、特に細胞毒性部分または細胞増殖抑制性部分へのコンジュゲート化のための部位を提供する。裸抗体と比較して、ADCは追加的なメカニズム、特に、抗体に結合した毒性部分の、細胞内部への送達をもたらし、それにより、細胞を殺し、またはその増殖を阻害する。現在、以下の4つのADCが販売されている:ブレンツキシマブ・ベドチン(brentuximab vedotin)(抗CD30、商品名:ADCETRIS(登録商標);Seattle GeneticsおよびMillennium/Takedaにより販売されている)、トラスツズマブ・エムタンシン(trastuzumab emtansine)(抗HER2、商品名:Kadcyla(登録商標);GenentechおよびRocheにより販売されている)、イノツズマブ・オゾガマイシン(inotuzumab ozogamicin)(抗CD22、商品名Besponsa;Pfizerにより販売されている)およびゲムツズマブ・オゾガマイシン(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(抗CD33、商品名:Mylotarg;Pfizerにより販売されている)。他の多数のADCは種々の開発段階にある。
リンカーの例は次のとおりであるが、式中の波線は薬物との結合部位を示しており、抗体はマレイミド基で連結される。
こうした抗体の中にはがん細胞抗原に特異的なものもあり、細胞表面上の抗原は、抗体が結合すると細胞の内部に移行可能となることが好ましい。抗体が向かうことができる標的としては、がん細胞上の受容体、およびそのリガンドまたは対抗受容体が挙げられる(たとえばCD3、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD30、CD33、CD34、CD40、CD44、CD47、CD52、CD70、CD79a、CD123、Her-2、EphA2、GPC3、リンパ球関連抗原1、VEGFもしくはVEGFR、CTLA-4、LIV-1、ネクチン-4、CD74、およびSLTRK-6)。
上記の方法にしたがって作製された抗体薬物コンジュゲートは有効な投与計画で投与されるが、その有効な投与計画とは、上記のあらゆる適応症を含めて、がん、自己免疫疾患、もしくは感染症などの、治療を目指す疾患の発症を遅らせ、重症度を軽減し、それ以上の増悪を抑制し、および/または、少なくとも1つの徴候もしくは症状を改善する、投与量、投与経路、および投与回数を意味している。患者がすでに疾患に罹患しているならば、その投与計画は、治療上有効な投与計画ということができる。患者の疾患リスクは母集団より高いがまだ症状は出ていないならば、投与計画は、予防上有効な投与計画ということができる。場合によっては、個々の患者において、治療上または予防上の有効性を、ヒストリカルコントロールまたは同一患者の過去の経験と比べて観察することができる。他の例では、治療患者集団における前臨床試験または臨床試験で、未治療患者のコントロール集団と比較して、治療上または予防上の有効性を示すことができる。
(実施例)
IgG1 Fc突然変異を含有するDNA鎖を、ギブソン・アセンブリー(Gibson Assembly)を使用して、発現ベクター内にクローニングした。システイン突然変異体プラスミドおよび対応軽鎖をフリースタイル(Freestyle)CHO-S細胞内にトランスフェクトし、生じた上清を9日後に回収した。重鎖内に該システイン突然変異を含有する抗体をMabセレクトプロテインAアフィニティカラムにより精製した。
システインが操作された抗体を、逆相(RP)UPLC-MSを使用して、質量およびグリカン含量に関して評価した。抗体を、DTTを使用して還元し、ついで脱グリコシル化処理(PNGアーゼ)の存在下および非存在下で分析した。
マレイミドの加水分解および安定性を評価するために、システインが操作された抗体を、vcMMAEを使用してコンジュゲート化し、ついでラット血漿中で0、4および7日間インキュベートした。ADCを、抗ヒト捕捉樹脂を使用して血漿から精製し、DTTで還元し、ついで、RP UPLC-MSを使用して分析した。薬物含有重鎖を分析し、18ダルトンの質量増加を評価することにより、マレイミド加水分解を確認した。各時点のDAR(薬物抗体比)を比較することにより、マレイミドの安定性を評価した。薬物喪失を1317ダルトンの喪失として測定し、t=0における全薬物に基づく残存全薬物の百分率として計算した。
Hep3B、HepG2およびHuh7細胞をATCCから入手した。JHH-7細胞をそれぞれCreative Bioarrayから入手した。Hep3BおよびHepG2細胞を、5% CO2を含有する37℃の加湿インキュベーター内で、10% FBSを含有するEMEM内で増殖させた。Huh7細胞を、5% CO2を含有する37℃の加湿インキュベーター内で、10% FBSを含有するDMEM内で増殖させた。JHH-7細胞を、5% CO2を含有する37℃の加湿インキュベーター内で、10% FBSを含有するWilliams-E内で増殖させた。
アッセイを384ウェル組織培養処理プレート内で行い、CellTiter Glo(登録商標)(Promega)を使用して細胞生存率を評価した。1250個のHep3B、HepG2もしくはHuh7、または1500個のJHH-7細胞(ウェル当たり)を40μLの適切な培地内でプレーティングした。プレーティングの24時間後、細胞を、適切な濃度の示されている試験品を含有する10μLで処理した。投与の96時間後、10μLのCellTiter Gloを各ウェルに加え、エンビジョン(Envision)マルチラベルプレートリーダー(PerkinElmer)で全発光を測定した。平均生存率および標準偏差を、対照ビヒクル処理細胞と比較して、4回反復実験(quadruplicate)から計算した。
施設内動物管理使用委員会(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)のプロトコルに従い、動物実験を行った。2.5×106個のHep3Bまたは5×105個のJHH-7細胞を無胸腺ヌードマウスの皮下に移植した。該研究の経過の全体にわたって両側ノギス測定により腫瘍の成長をモニターし、式(0.5×[長さ×幅2])を用いて平均腫瘍体積を計算した。腫瘍が約100 mm3に達したら、示された治療群にマウスをランダムに割り当て、適切な治療の単一の200μLの用量を腹腔内投与した。Hep3Bの研究においては、各治療群は5匹のマウスからなるものであった。JHH-7の研究においては、各治療群は6匹のマウスからなるものであった。腫瘍を週2回測定し、腫瘍が1000 mm3に達したら、動物を犠死させた。
図1に示されているとおり、297位のグリカン鎖への物理的接近性に基づき、コンジュゲート化のための潜在的部位として、20個の突然変異を選択した。グリカン鎖は、コンジュゲート化部位に連結された疎水性薬物を遮蔽するように働きうると考えられた。14個の突然変異が成功裏に発現され、コンジュゲート化された。二重突然変異体としてS239Cと組合される8個の突然変異を選択した。二重突然変異を発現させ、コンジュゲート化した。
4830(8)[AT] 1 mg/kg
5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C K246C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C K290C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C K295C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C V303C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C-5937(6) 1.33 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C-6242(6) 1.33 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C-6238(6) 1.33 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C K295C-5937(8) 1 mg/kg
1-6183(8) 1 mg/kg。
示されている用量は、薬物ローディングの化学量論には無関係に、等しいモルの薬物を送達する。
単点突然変異S239CまたはQ295Cを含有する抗体は標準的なグリコシル化パターンを含有する(図10A〜D)。S239CおよびQ295Cの変異のペア形成は、N-結合グリカンを伴う異常をもたらす。これらの異常グリカン(表1)は過シアル化ならびにGlcNacのトリおよびテトラアンテナ分岐を含む。一過性(図10D)および安定(図11)CHO細胞製造技術を用いて、これらのグリコシル化パターンは保存されていることが示された。また、S239CとE294Cとのペア形成もこの類似したグリコシル化パターンを示している(図12)。
二重変異S239CおよびQ295Cを含有する抗体を還元条件下で一過性発現させた。DTT、TCEPおよびベータ-メルカプトエタノール(BME)を細胞培地内で0.1、1.0および1.2 mMの全濃度で還元剤として使用した(図14)。これらのタンパク質のグリカンパターンの分析は、DTTを培地の一部として使用した場合に、グリカンの複雑さの低減を示している(図15)。DTTの漸増濃度はシアリル化ならびにグリカンのトリおよびテトラアンテナ分岐の減少と相関している。これらの還元条件中で発現された抗体はSECによれば単量体であるらしく、親抗体に類似した結合を示す。これらの抗体の還元および酸化は、親抗体の場合と同様に、操作された部位をコンジュゲート化に利用可能にする。
施設内動物管理使用委員会(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)のプロトコルに従い、動物実験を行った。2.5×10 6 個のHep3Bまたは5×10 5 個のJHH-7細胞を無胸腺ヌードマウスの皮下に移植した。該研究の経過の全体にわたって両側ノギス測定により腫瘍の成長をモニターし、式(0.5×[長さ×幅 2 ])を用いて平均腫瘍体積を計算した。腫瘍が約100 mm3に達したら、示された治療群にマウスをランダムに割り当て、適切な治療の単一の200μLの用量を腹腔内投与した。Hep3Bの研究においては、各治療群は5匹のマウスからなるものであった。JHH-7の研究においては、各治療群は6匹のマウスからなるものであった。腫瘍を週2回測定し、腫瘍が1000 mm 3 に達したら、動物を犠死させた。
4830(8)[AT] 1 mg/kg
5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C K246C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C K290C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C Q295C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C V303C-5937(4) 2 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C-5937(6) 1.33 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C-6242(6) 1.33 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C-6238(6) 1.33 mg/kg
S239C K246C V303C Q295C-5937(8) 1 mg/kg
1-6183(8) 1 mg/kg。
示されている用量は、薬物ローディングの化学量論には無関係に、等しいモルの薬物を送達する。
Claims (20)
- EU番号付けによる295位がシステインにより占有されている重鎖定常領域を含む抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 295位のシステインを介して薬物または標識にコンジュゲート化されている、請求項1に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- EU番号付けによる239位がシステインにより占有されている、請求項1に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 295位および239位のシステインを介して薬物または標識にコンジュゲート化されている、請求項3に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 該抗体が、2つの重鎖および2つの軽鎖を含むヘテロ二量体であり、1分子の該抗体が、両方の重鎖における295位および239位のシステインへのコンジュゲート化により4分子の薬物にコンジュゲート化されている、請求項4に記載の抗体。
- 定常領域がアイソタイプを有し、これがヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3またはIgG4である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 薬物がチューブリシン(tubulysin)である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 薬物がグルクロニドリンカーを介して該抗体または融合タンパク質にコンジュゲート化されている、請求項7に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 該抗体または融合タンパク質が、チューブリシンおよびグルクロニドリンカーを提供する以下に示す構造を有する化合物にコンジュゲート化されている、請求項7に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 薬物がMMAE、MMAFまたは副溝結合物質である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 重鎖定常領域が配列番号5〜12のいずれかの配列を有し、ただし、C末端リジンが存在しないことが可能である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 該抗体が、切断可能なリンカーを介して薬物にコンジュゲート化されている、請求項1に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の抗体または融合タンパク質を含む、医薬組成物。
- チューブリシンMにコンジュゲート化されたシステインによりEU番号付けによる239位が占有されている重鎖定常領域を含む抗体または融合タンパク質。
- EU番号付けによる239位および295位がシステインにより占有されている重鎖定常領域を含む抗体または融合タンパク質の製造方法であって、
該抗体または融合タンパク質をコードするように操作された細胞を培養して、該抗体または融合タンパク質を発現させ、
該抗体または融合タンパク質を精製することを含む、製造方法。 - 該抗体または融合タンパク質を239位および295位のシステインを介して薬物にコンジュゲート化することを更に含む、請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- 239位および295位のシステイン間のジスルフィド結合の形成を阻害する還元剤と該抗体または融合タンパク質とを接触させることを更に含む、請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- 該抗体または融合タンパク質を培養する培地内に還元剤を含有させることにより、該抗体または融合タンパク質と還元剤とを接触させる、請求項17に記載の製造方法。
- 還元剤がジチオトレイトール、ベータ-メルカプトエタノールまたはトリス(2-カルボキシエチル)ホスフィンである、請求項17または18に記載の製造方法。
- 還元剤が0.1〜2 mMの濃度のジチオトレイトールである、請求項18に記載の製造方法。
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WO2018160683A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 |
US20220175947A1 (en) | 2022-06-09 |
JP2023159335A (ja) | 2023-10-31 |
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IL268959A (en) | 2019-10-31 |
US11938194B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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