JP2020506797A - 粒子吸着剤材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
粒子吸着剤材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020506797A JP2020506797A JP2019540057A JP2019540057A JP2020506797A JP 2020506797 A JP2020506797 A JP 2020506797A JP 2019540057 A JP2019540057 A JP 2019540057A JP 2019540057 A JP2019540057 A JP 2019540057A JP 2020506797 A JP2020506797 A JP 2020506797A
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- clay
- particulate adsorbent
- particulate
- adsorbent material
- hours
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年1月25日に出願された米国仮出願第62/450,480号に対する優先権を主張し、その内容はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
ある特定の実施形態において、吸着剤は、約0.25〜約1.00g/dLの保持力を有する。
一実施形態において、吸着剤は、少なくとも1つの外面と流体連通している少なくとも1つのチャネルを含む。
特定の実施形態において、この長さは、約2mm〜約8mmである(例えば、長さは約3mm〜約7mmである)。
一実施形態において、細孔形成材料または加工助剤は、約125℃〜約640℃の範囲の温度に加熱されたときに昇華、気化、化学分解、可溶化、または溶融する。
いくつかの実施形態において、粘土は、ゼオライト粘土、ベントナイト粘土、モンモリロナイト粘土、イライト粘土、フレンチグリーン粘土、パスカライト粘土(Pascalite clay)、レドモンド粘土、テラミン粘土、リビング粘土(Living clay)、フラーズアース粘土、オルマライト粘土、ビタライト粘土(Vitallite clay)、レクトライト粘土、コーディエライト、カオリン粘土、ボール粘土、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである。
一実施形態において、結合剤は、粘土、ケイ酸塩、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである。
特定の実施形態において、フィラーは三次元の容積または形状もしくは形態を有する。
特定の実施形態において、吸着剤の各部分は約3.0mm以下の厚さを有する。
いくつかの実施形態において、中空形状は外壁の間で延在する内壁を有する。
別の実施形態において、内壁の少なくとも1つ、外壁の少なくとも1つ、またはそれらの組み合わせは、約1.0以下、約0.6mm以下、または約0.4mm以下である。
ある特定の実施形態において、吸着剤の長さは約2mm〜約8mmの範囲内である(例えば、長さは約3mm〜約7mmである)。
吸着剤は、断面において中空形状であり得る。
円筒形の直径対粒子状材料の平均粒径を測定するために規定の最小比10を考慮に入れ、規定の標準スクリーニング方法に従って測定される平均粒径を用いて、標準方法ASTM D2854−09(2014)(以後、「標準方法」)を使用して粒子状吸着剤の見掛け密度を決定することができる。
成分の割合を変えることによって、約100nm以上の巨視的細孔の容積対約100nm未満の微視的細孔の容積の比が約47%〜約1333%の範囲である、ある範囲の多孔特性を有する例示的な粒子状吸着剤材料を調製した。データを図2および表3に見出すことができる。150%超の比を有する吸着剤粒子は、市販の比較例C−14などの150%未満の比を有する比較例と比べて、有意に低い保持力(例えば、実施例E−5では190%の比で0.48g/dL、および実施例E−3では241%の比で0.34g/dL)を有していたことは驚くべきことであり、予想外に観察された。保持力についてのこの利点は、65%〜150%の比における保持力が1g/dL超に漸近し、150%超の比における例が言及されている1.7g/dLの目標を超える、米国特許第9,174,195号によって教示される傾向とは著しく対照的である。
データを表3および図3に示す。図3に示されるように、150%超の約100nm以上の巨視的細孔の容積対100nm未満の微視的細孔の容積の比を有する吸着剤粒子が有意なペレット強度を有し、これは細孔比とは関係のないことが驚くべきことに発見された。対照的に、米国特許第9,174,195号は、上記の比が150%以上であるときに吸着剤材料の強度が急激に低下することを実証した(例えば、C−14参照)。
表4および図5は、粒子状材料の充填ベッド内における2点間の圧力降下に関して、代替の成形された吸着剤材料の流動制限特性を示す。本発明者らに明らかとなったことは、この特性が、形状の「中空度」に比べて、主な効果として公称外径寸法によって強く推進されたことである。したがって、当業者は、流動制限特性(対流要件)を調整するために、選択された形状の公称外径効果を理解するように努めるであろう。次いで、当業者は、吸着および脱着特性のための吸着質アクセスとバランスが取れた作用能力および強度に対する壁材料の所望の量を調整するために、中空セルサイズ、セル容積、および壁の薄さを調整するであろう。画定されたセルを有さない螺旋または渦巻形状の場合、流動制限のためのリボンの幅およびねじれのピッチ(pitch)、強度と吸着および脱着特性とのためのリボンの厚さ、ならびに作用能力のためのピッチおよび厚さについて調整が行われるであろう。
一態様において、本開示は、蒸発エミッション制御に使用することができる粒子状吸着剤材料を提供する。該材料は、約100nm未満の直径を有する微視的細孔と、約100nm以上の直径を有する巨視的細孔とを有する吸着剤を含み、巨視的細孔の容積対微視的細孔の容積の比が約150%超であり、該微粒子状吸着剤材料が約1.0g/dL以下の保持力を有する。
本明細書に記載の任意の態様または実施形態において、結合剤は、粘土、ケイ酸塩、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである。
Claims (54)
- 蒸発エミッション制御のための粒子状吸着剤材料であって、前記材料が、
約100nm未満の直径を有する微視的細孔と、
約100nm以上の直径を有する巨視的細孔を有する吸着剤とを含み、
前記巨視的細孔の容積対前記微視的細孔の容積の比が、約150%超であり、
前記粒子状吸着剤材料が、約1.0g/dL以下の保持力を有する、粒子状吸着剤材料。 - 前記吸着剤が、約0.75g/dL以下の保持力を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤が、約0.25〜約1.00g/dLの保持力を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤が、活性炭、カーボンチャコール、モレキュラーシーブ、多孔質ポリマー、多孔質アルミナ、粘土、多孔質シリカ、カオリン、ゼオライト、金属有機構造体、チタニア、セリア、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤が、約0.5cc/g以下(約225cc/L以下)のマイクロ細孔容積(例えば、BJHによって決定される)を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤が、外面を画定する本体および三次元低流動抵抗形状または形態を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記三次元低流動抵抗形状または形態が、実質的に円筒形、実質的に卵形の柱、実質的に球、実質的に立方体、実質的に楕円柱、実質的に直方柱、トリローブ形の柱、三次元渦巻形状、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項6に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤材料が、約1mm〜約20mmの断面幅を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記断面幅が、約3mm〜約7mmである、請求項8に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤が、断面において中空形状を有する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤が、前記吸着剤の前記外面と流体連通している少なくとも1つの空洞を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤の各部分が、約0.1mm〜約3.0mmの厚さを有する、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記中空形状の少なくとも1つの外壁が、約0.1mm〜約1.0mmの範囲の厚さを有する、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記中空形状が、前記外壁の間で延在し、かつ約0.1mm〜約1.0mmの範囲の厚さを有する、少なくとも1つの内壁を有する、請求項10〜13のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記内壁、前記外壁、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つの厚さが、約0.3mm〜約0.8mmである、請求項13または14に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記内壁、前記外壁、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つの厚さが、約0.4mm〜約0.7mmである、請求項13〜15のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記内壁が、前記粒子状吸着剤材料の中空部分から(例えば、前記粒子状吸着剤材料の中心部から)少なくとも2方向で前記外壁へと外向きに延在している、請求項14〜16のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記内壁が、前記粒子状吸着剤材料の中空部分から(例えば、前記粒子状吸着剤材料の中心部から)少なくとも3方向で前記外壁へと外向きに延在している、請求項14〜17のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記内壁が、前記粒子状吸着剤材料の中空部分(例えば、前記粒子状吸着剤材料の中心)から少なくとも4方向で前記外壁へと外向きに延在している、請求項14〜18のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記吸着剤が、約1mm〜約20mmの長さを有する、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記長さが、約2mm〜約15mmである、請求項20に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記長さが、約3mm〜約8mmである、請求項20または21に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記活性炭が、木材、木材粉塵、木粉、コットンリンター、泥炭、石炭、ココナッツ、褐炭、炭水化物、石油ピッチ、石油コークス、コールタールピッチ、果物の種、核果、木の実の殻、木の実の種、おがくず、ヤシ、野菜、合成ポリマー、天然ポリマー、リグノセルロース材料、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの材料に由来する、請求項4〜22のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記粘土が、ゼオライト粘土、ベントナイト粘土、モンモリロナイト粘土、イライト粘土、フレンチグリーン粘土、パスカライト粘土、レドモンド粘土、テラミン粘土、リビング粘土、フラーズアース粘土、オルマライト粘土、ビタライト粘土、レクトライト粘土、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項4〜23のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 100℃以上の温度に加熱されたときに分解、可溶化、昇華、気化、もしくは溶融する細孔形成材料もしくは加工助剤、
結合剤、
フィラー、または
それらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項1〜24のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。 - 前記細孔形成材料または加工助剤が、セルロース誘導体である、請求項25に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記細孔形成材料または加工助剤がメチルセルロースである、25または26に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記細孔形成材料または加工助剤が、約125℃〜約640℃の範囲の温度に加熱されたときに昇華、気化、化学分解、可溶化、または溶融する、請求項25〜27のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記結合剤が、粘土またはケイ酸塩材料である、請求項25〜28のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記粘土が、ゼオライト粘土、ベントナイト粘土、モンモリロナイト粘土、イライト粘土、フレンチグリーン粘土、パスカライト粘土、レドモンド粘土、テラミン粘土、リビング粘土、フラーズアース粘土、オルマライト粘土、ビタライト粘土、レクトライト粘土、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項29に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤材料の充填ベッドが、46cm/秒の見掛けの直線空気流速度で40Pa/cm未満の圧力降下を有する、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項に記載の粒子状吸着剤材料。
- 粒子状吸着剤を調製する方法であって、前記方法が、
約100nm未満の直径を有する微視的細孔を有する吸着剤と、100℃以上の温度に加熱されたときに昇華、気化、化学分解、可溶化、もしくは溶融する細孔形成材料または加工助剤と、を混合することと、
前記混合物を約100℃〜約1200℃の範囲の温度に約0.25時間〜約24時間加熱することにより、コア材料が昇華、気化、化学分解、可溶化、または溶融されたときに約100nm以上の直径を有する巨視的細孔を形成することと、を含み、
前記粒子状吸着剤が、150%超である前記巨視的細孔の容積対前記微視的細孔の容積の比を有する、方法。 - 前記混合物を押出成形または圧縮して、成形された構造体にすることをさらに含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤が、活性炭、モレキュラーシーブ、多孔質アルミナ、粘土、多孔質シリカ、ゼオライト、有機金属構造体、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項32または33に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物が、結合剤をさらに含む、請求項32〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記結合剤が、粘土、ケイ酸塩、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物が、フィラーをさらに含む、請求項32〜36のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤が、約1mm〜約20mmの範囲の断面幅を有する、請求項32〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤が、外面を画定する本体および三次元低流動抵抗形状または形態を含む、請求項32〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記三次元低流動抵抗形状または形態が、実質的に円筒形、実質的に卵形の柱、実質的に球、実質的に立方体、実質的に楕円柱、実質的に直方柱、ローブ形の柱、三次元螺旋もしくは渦巻形状、またはそれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤が、前記粒子状吸着剤の外面と流体連通している少なくとも1つの空洞またはチャネルを含む、請求項32〜40のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤が、断面において中空形状を有する、請求項32〜41のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤の各部分が、約0.1mm〜約3.0mmの厚さを有する、請求項32〜42のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記中空形状の外壁が、約0.1mm〜約1.0mmの範囲の厚さを有する、請求項42または43に記載の方法。
- 前記中空形状が、前記外壁の間で延在する少なくとも1つの内壁を有する、請求項42〜44のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記内壁は、約0.1mm〜約1.0mmの範囲の厚さを有する、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記内壁の少なくとも1つ、前記外壁の少なくとも1つ、またはそれらの組み合わせが、約0.1mm〜約0.8mmである、請求項45または46に記載の方法。
- 前記内壁が、中心部などの前記内部容積部から少なくとも2方向で前記外壁へと外向きに延在している、請求項45〜47のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記内壁が、中心部などの前記内部容積部から少なくとも3方向で前記外壁へと外向きに延在している、請求項45〜48のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記内壁が、中心部などの前記内部容積部から少なくとも4方向で前記外壁へと外向きに延在している、請求項45〜49のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤が、約1mm〜約20mmの長さを有する、請求項32〜50のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤の長さが、約2mm〜約8mmの範囲である、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子状吸着剤が、約1.0g/dL以下の保持力を有する、請求項32〜52のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項32〜54のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって製造された、粒子状吸着剤材料。
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