JP2020506312A - Protection system to protect buildings from aircraft crash - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention comprises a three-dimensional protective grid (22) consisting of interconnected beams (1-5), provided in front of the building wall (24) at a distance from the building wall (24). It also relates to a protection system (20) for protecting buildings from aircraft crashes and similar high energy falls. It is an object of the present invention to ensure that the impact of a heavy four-engine aircraft such as a Boeing 747 or Airbus A380 aircraft does not compromise the integrity of the building protected by the protection system. Is to design a protection system. According to the invention, this problem is solved by the fact that the protective grid (22) is supported on the building wall (24) via a plurality of plastically deformable energy absorbing elements (32).

Description

  The invention relates to a protection system according to the preamble of claim 1 for protecting buildings from aircraft crashes and similar high-energy falls of large objects.

  A protection system of this kind is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,059 to Hochtief Construction AG. There, a protective cover is provided at a distance from the building shell to protect the building from colliding flying objects, the protective cover is formed as a lattice cover, and the lattice bar of the lattice cover is at least partially Made of steel, the protective cover is formed as a self-supporting support structure, and the protective cover is not connected to the building shell or connected to the building shell via support elements.

German Patent Application Publication No. 10 201 0037 202

  It is an object of the present invention to ensure that the impact of a heavy four-engine aircraft such as a Boeing 747 or Airbus A380 aircraft does not compromise the integrity of the building protected by the protection system. Develop a protection system of the kind mentioned.

  This object is achieved according to the invention by a protection system having the features of claim 1.

  According to it, an essential point of the invention is that the protective grid is supported on the building wall via a plurality of plastically deformable energy-absorbing elements, advantageously only via such elements. . Furthermore, preferably a support is provided at the bottom.

  The present invention presupposes the consideration that, contrary to the technical teachings disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is highly desirable to support the protective grid on the building wall in order to better distribute the collision load. That is, as will be appreciated within the scope of the present invention, some of these loads will be completely protected to the extent that the building structure must withstand or tolerate the loads without catastrophic damage. Can and should be absorbed by For this purpose, the transfer of force, pressure and deformation energy to the building walls is performed in a damped manner, using energy and vibration absorbing (damping) elements.

  Preferably, the plurality of energy-absorbing elements each comprise a steel pipe, which acts at least largely radially on the pipe for the forces transmitted to the protective grid in the event of an aircraft collision, wherein the pipe has a cross-section. It is located between the protective grate and the building wall so that it is crushed as seen in. That is, in contrast to a normal cylindrical shock absorber, which is mounted to be elastically compressed in the longitudinal direction when a load is applied, here, by a force acting radially on the circumference of the pipe, Mainly plastic nonlinear deformation occurs. To increase the energy dissipation rate, the pipe may have a core or internal structure consisting of steel plates crossed inside the pipe.

  Numerical simulations show that the energy-absorbing element described above provides a decisive contribution to up to 60% of the total energy dissipation rate by the protection system according to the invention, and significantly minimizes vibrations in the building due to collisions. I could prove it.

  Preferably, the protective grid is arranged parallel to the building wall and comprises an inner grid surface formed from steel beams and an outer grid surface arranged parallel to the inner grid surface and formed from steel beams. Including, the inner grid surface and the outer grid surface are connected to each other by steel beams.

  In an advantageous configuration, both the inner and outer lattice planes comprise a regular rectangular lattice, the unit cells of which have the same dimensions and are offset from each other by at least half of the lattice constant, at least in the main direction of the lattice. I have. Here, the inner and outer lattice planes are preferably connected to one another by diagonal beams, each extending from the junction of one lattice plane to the junction of the other lattice plane.

  Further preferred configurations are evident from the dependent claims and the following detailed description.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figure is a simplified schematic diagram.

1 is a perspective view of a protection system installed in front of a building wall for protecting a building from an aircraft crash. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the protection system as viewed from above by an arrow I, FIG. 1B is a plan view of the protection system as viewed from the front by an arrow II in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the protection system as viewed from above. It is sectional drawing of the pipe which functions as an energy absorption fixing part of a protection system in a building wall, The upper part is a figure of the pipe itself, and the lower part is a mounting position of the pipe in a protection system.

  In all the drawings, members having the same or equivalent functions are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  The protection system 20 with the protection grid 22 shown in the figure is installed in the form of a protective cover in front of the building wall 24 or other part of the building shell, and is provided by an airplane collision or an attack, explosion, storm or the like. Protects rockets, parts or debris from extensive falls with similar high energy.

  The protective grate 22 is formed of interconnected, in particular welded (steel) beams, struts or grate bars, a first grate surface facing the building wall, also called the inner grate surface E1, and an outer grate surface. A second lattice plane opposite the building wall, also called E2. Each of the two lattice planes E1, E2 is formed by longitudinal and transverse beams connected to each other, which preferably extend in a regular planar lattice. Since the two lattice planes E1 and E2 are connected to each other by a beam disposed between them, in particular, an oblique beam, a three-dimensional spatial lattice is realized as a whole.

  In the example shown here, the portion of the building wall 24 to be protected is considered to extend on a vertical plane above the bottom 26. The inner lattice plane E1 forms a space or gap 28 having a gap width (= distance) a and is arranged in parallel with the building wall 24. Similarly, the outer lattice plane E2 is arranged in parallel with the building wall 24, and is thus arranged in parallel with the inner lattice plane E1. Thus, the two lattice planes E1, E2 form vertical planes spaced apart from one another by a distance b.

  The outer lattice plane E2 is realized by a plurality of longitudinal beams and cross beams that are connected to each other at intersections or connection points 30 as described above. In this example, a vertical beam 1 and a horizontal beam 3 are used. The vertical beams 1 are arranged like columns at a fixed distance d, and are vertically aligned as the name implies. The horizontal beams 3 extending perpendicular to the vertical beams 1 are, as the name implies, horizontally aligned at a fixed distance h from each other and are arranged at different heights. Advantageously, the horizontal beam 3 and the vertical beam 1 are fixedly connected at each intersection or connection point 30 and are in particular welded. Thus, an overall regular rectangular grid is realized, whose unit cells have a width d and a height h.

  The inner lattice plane E1 is configured similarly to the outer lattice plane E2. Thus, the inner lattice plane E1 likewise forms a regular rectangular lattice composed of vertical beams 2 and horizontal beams 3 ', the unit cells of which preferably have the same width d and height h as the unit cells of the outer lattice plane E2. Have. The distance between the two grid surfaces, ie the width or depth of the protection grid 22, is denoted by b.

  The two lattice planes E1, E2 are preferably not arranged exactly in front of each other in plan view from the front, but rather in the horizontal direction, ie in the longitudinal direction of the horizontal beams 3, 3 '. Are shifted or displaced by half the grid width d / 2. Therefore, the connection point of the outer lattice plane E2 is located between the two connection points of the inner lattice plane E1 in the projection view. On the other hand, in the vertical direction, two lattice planes E1 are arranged such that one horizontal beam 3 ′ located at the same height as the inner lattice plane E1 is associated with one horizontal beam 3 on the outer lattice plane E2. , E2 are preferably not offset from one another. In this embodiment, a horizontal plane is formed between the vertical lattice planes E1 and E2, which can be used as a floor. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the grid planes E1, E2 are offset by half the floor height h / 2, thereby further compressing the vertical grid plane.

  As already mentioned, the two grid surfaces E1, E2 are connected to one another by additional beams, which are preferably realized as diagonal beams 4, 5, and preferably at the junction of the grid surfaces E1, E2, In particular, they are joined by welding.

  Specifically, in this embodiment, four diagonal beams 4, 5 are formed from the respective connection points of the outer grid surface E2 except for some of the connection points arranged at the ends of the grid surface. E1 extends to the respectively associated connection point. Two of the four oblique beams, namely the beam with the reference number 4, are located in the horizontal plane and extend to two joint points located next to the inner grid surface E1 at the same height. The other two of the four oblique beams, that is, the beam denoted by reference numeral 5, are spatially diagonal to the connection point of the inner lattice plane E1 disposed below the connection point, that is, the diagonally downward direction. (Or they may extend diagonally upward, or there may be two diagonal beams extending diagonally upward in addition to the four diagonal beams described above). Thereby, the four oblique beams 4, 5 are developed in a substantially star shape or a pyramid shape starting from the respective connection points of the outer lattice surface E2 in accordance with the mutual displacement of the two lattice surfaces E1, E2, It is connected to the inner lattice plane E1. When viewed from the connection point of the inner lattice plane, a mirror image arrangement is obtained. When viewed from above (FIG. 3), a triangular section can be seen. From the connection point on the end side, less than four diagonal beams start appropriately based on the position of the end.

  As is apparent from a plan view of the protection grid 22 of FIG. The vertical beams 1 of the outer grid surface E2 are preferably all located on the same side of the horizontal beams 3, ie preferably inside, that is to say towards the building wall 24. The same applies to the inside lattice plane E1 in which the vertical beams 2 are arranged inside the horizontal beams 3 '.

  The vertical beams 1, 2 are advantageously monolithic, that is to say produced from one piece, and preferably have a double T-shaped cross section or a rectangular cross section. The same applies to the horizontal beams 3, 3 'and the oblique beams 4, 5.

The beams are preferably dimensioned with respect to their section width B and section height H as follows:
1,2 vertical beam B / H = 500-1000 / 500-1000mm
3,3 'horizontal beam B / H = 500-1000 / 500-1000mm
4 Diagonal beam (horizontal) B / H = 400-800 / 400-800 mm
5 Diagonal beam (diagonal) B / H = 400-800 / 400-800 + mm

  An advantageous material for the beam is a steel species with high ductility and plastic deformation capacity.

The structural dimensions of the protective grid 22 are advantageously as follows.
Distance between vertical beams d = 10-15m
Distance between horizontal beams h = 5-10m
Protective grid width b = 10-15m
Distance of the protective grid from the building wall a = 0.3-2.0m

  The overall height and width of the protection grid 22 is adapted to the dimensions of the building or building part to be protected.

  The protective grid 22 is advantageously implemented in a self-supporting manner and is preferably supported at the bottom 26 by at least some, advantageously all, vertical beams 1,2. In addition, the vertical beams 1, 2 are locked to the bottom 26 in a suitable manner and are installed on a base. Therefore, the vertical beams 1, 2 are also called columns or struts

  Further, the protective grid 22 is connected to the building wall 24 via a plurality of collision or energy absorbing elements 32 or dampers. These energy absorbing elements 24 are advantageously arranged such that, when an object collides with the protective grid 22, from the front (substantially in the direction of impact in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1), perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, That is, a steel pipe 6 or hollow cylinder placed between the protective grid 22 and the building wall 24 so as to be compressed or crushed in a radial direction 34 as viewed in cross section and to be plastically deformed.

  In an advantageous mounting variant, each pipe 6 is arranged between a vertical beam 2 directed to the building wall 24 of the inner grid surface E1 and the building wall 24, ie in a gap 28 between them. I have. Therefore, the pipe diameter D is at most the same size as the gap width a. The longitudinal axis of the pipe 6 is preferably vertical, that is to say arranged parallel to the vertical beam 2. Advantageously, the pipe 6 is fixedly connected on the one hand to the associated vertical beam 2 on the periphery, in particular welded, and rests against the building wall 24 on the other hand. At this time, the pipe 6 represents an energy absorbing (coupling) element, a holding part / fixing part / suspension / supporting part, or a bearing between the protective grid 22 and the building wall 24.

  Alternatively, there may be a gap between the building wall 24 and the pipe 6. In the latter case, it is more appropriate to simply describe the energy absorbing element instead of the energy absorbing bearing.

  However, other mounting variants are also possible in which the energy absorbing pipe 6 is fixed, for example, to the horizontal beam 3 'of the inner grid surface E1. Furthermore, a kind of continuous arrangement or series arrangement comprising a plurality of pipes arranged in parallel and abutting on each other arranged in the gap 28 between the inner lattice plane E1 and the building wall 24 can be realized. The required pipe length and configuration depends on the energy absorption demand and the (expected) impact impact.

  In order to increase the energy absorption capacity in each pipe 6, a preferably plastically deformable core 36 is arranged, which advantageously consists of a cross-welded steel plate. In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, the core 36 forms a cross within the circumference of the pipe, the center of which corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the pipe 6. The core 36 is advantageously clamped only in the pipe 6 and is not otherwise fixed to the pipe inner wall.

Advantageous dimensions of the pipe 6 used as an energy absorbing element are as follows.
Pipe diameter D = 300-1000mm
Wall thickness t = 10-25 + mm
Plate thickness in core T = 10-50mm

  This dimensional marking, and the dimensional markings described above, are tailored to the requirements for protecting the building of a nuclear power plant from aircraft crashes, particularly crashes of four-engine passenger aircraft, and have been validated in numerical simulations. The dimensions differ in each case depending on the requirements.

  An advantageous material for the pipe 6 and the core 36 is a steel species having high ductility and plastic deformation capacity.

  By locking to the base, part of the energy absorbed on / in the protective grid 22 during the impact or fall of the object is conducted through the bottom bearing. Another part of the energy is absorbed by the plastic deformation of the protective grid 22 itself and is distributed to the larger impact surface. Furthermore, most of the energy is absorbed by the energy-absorbing element 32, which is non-linearly deformed during the collision, and only a small part is transmitted to the building in a greatly reduced manner. This reduces the energy transfer to the building to be protected to an acceptable level. As a result, no structural overload is applied to the building, and the vibration and vibration caused by the collision are limited to an allowable level. Eventually, the impacting object is broken down by the protective grid 22 into a plurality of small pieces, deflected in different directions, and strikes different parts of the building wall 24 at a reduced speed.

  Finally, a special advantage of the present arrangement is that it does not require rebuilding the entire building, and the protective cover can be spatially limited to those parts of the building wall 24 or building shell that need special protection or are sensitive. It is.

  In an advantageous variant of the previously described arrangement, without supporting the bottom, the protective grid 22 can be supported on the building wall 24 exclusively via the energy absorbing element 32, for example for protecting the ceiling part. It is informative. The position and orientation of the protection grid 22 in the room can of course be adapted to the installation situation. That is, the "vertical beams" and "horizontal beams" are aligned in the room differently than indicated by the preceding description and reference numerals used herein.

  Finally, it is conceivable that the shape of the protective grid 22 follows the outer contour of the building, for example the circular or otherwise curved outer perimeter of a dome power plant building. This is advantageously achieved by interposing a curved portion as described above in a partially straight part.

  To the extent the description above refers to steel, this means that the component is at least partially made of steel. Composite materials consisting of steel and other materials are explicitly included in this.

  A particularly important field of application is the protection of power plant buildings or building shells of nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities. Of course, a wide variety of other uses are also possible for protecting industrial equipment or military objects from aircraft crashes and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vertical beam, 2 ... Vertical beam, 3 ... Horizontal beam, 3 '... Horizontal beam, 4 ... Diagonal beam, 5 ... Diagonal beam, 6 ... Pipe, 20 ... Protection system, 22 ... Protection grid, 24 ... Building wall, 26 bottom, 28 gap, 30 joining point, 32 energy absorbing element, 34 radial direction, 36 core, E1 inner lattice plane, E2 outer lattice plane

Claims (12)

An aircraft crash and a three-dimensional protective grid (22) comprising beams (1-5) connected to each other at a distance in front of the building wall (24) and connected to each other; A protection system (20) for protecting buildings from similar high energy falls,
The protective grid (22) is supported on the building wall (24) via a plurality of plastically deformable energy absorbing elements (32);
Said energy absorbing element (32) comprises a pipe made of steel (6);
At least a majority of the force transmitted to the protection grid (22) during an aircraft collision acts on the pipe (6) in a radial direction (34) so that the cross section of the pipe (6) is crushed. A protection system, characterized in that the pipe (6) is arranged between the protection grid (22) and the building wall (24).   The protection system (20) according to claim 1, wherein the protection grid (22) is supported on the building wall (24) only via the plurality of energy absorbing elements (32).   Protection system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter (D) of the pipe (6) ranges from 0.3 to 1.0 m and the wall thickness (t) of the pipe ranges from 10 to 50 mm. 20).   The protection system (20) according to claim 3, wherein the pipe (6) has a core (36) of steel plates crossed inside the pipe.   The protection grid (22) is arranged parallel to the building wall (24), and has an inner grid surface (E1) formed of steel beams (2, 3 ′) and the inner grid surface (E1). ) And an outer grid surface (E2) formed of steel beams (1, 3), wherein the inner grid surface (E1) and the outer grid surface (E2) are made of steel. Protection system (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protection system (20) is connected to each other by beams (4, 5).   Protection system (20) according to claim 5, wherein the distance (b) between the two grid surfaces (E1, E2) is in the range of 10 to 15 m.   Both the inner lattice plane (E1) and the outer lattice plane (E2) comprise a regular rectangular lattice, the unit cells of which have the same dimensions (d, h), and in at least one direction, Protection system (20) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the protection systems (20) are offset from one another by half of the constant (d / 2).   The protection system (20) according to claim 7, wherein the width (b) of the unit cell ranges from 10 to 15 m and the height (h) of the unit cell ranges from 5 to 10 m.   The inner lattice plane (E1) and the outer lattice plane (E2) are obliquely extending from a coupling point (30) of one lattice plane (E1) to a coupling point (30) of the other lattice plane (E2). 9. The protection system (20) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the protection system (20) is connected to each other by beams (4, 5).   Protection system (20) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the protection grid (22) is supported at the bottom (26) via a plurality of beams (1, 2).   The beam (1-5) of the protection grid (22) has a double T-shaped cross section or a rectangular cross section, the size of which ranges from 400 to 1000 mm. Protection system (20) according to claim 1. The protection system (20) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the distance (a) of the protection grid (22) from the building wall (24) is in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 m. .

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