JP2020169806A - Energy conversion element and temperature regulator using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an energy conversion element from kinetic energy to temperature difference energy which does not cause noise and vibration and has a simple structure, and to provide a temperature regulator by using such an energy conversion element.SOLUTION: Rotary disc-shaped magnetic working substance and a portion to which a magnetic field is applied are thermally joined by using magnetic fluid, and heat quantity generated by the magnetic field is induced to a permanent magnet portion. Further, a cold state portion is also thermally connected with a low temperature output terminal by the magnetic fluid. Thereby, a high temperature portion and a low temperature portion can be taken out by rotation of the disc-shaped magnetic working substance. By connecting elements in series, a temperature difference between high temperature and low temperature can be increased as necessary. A temperature regulator can be constructed by energy conversion element assembly.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to an energy conversion element structure and constituent materials for converting kinetic energy to temperature difference energy, and a temperature control device using the same.

As a method of producing a low temperature lower than room temperature, a vapor-compression refrigerator that compresses a gaseous refrigerant and generates a low temperature when it is evaporated is known and is widely used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and the like. Further, as a method for vaporizing a refrigerant, an absorption chiller that uses a low pressure generated when another refrigerant is absorbed by a liquid having a high absorbency is also known.
Furthermore, a Peltier element that directly generates temperature difference energy from electrical energy has also been developed and put into practical use.
Further, research and development have been conducted on a magnetic refrigerator using a magnetic working substance that generates heat when a magnetic field is applied and absorbs heat when the magnetic field is removed. The magnetic refrigeration method that has been researched and developed so far is a method in which the magnetic calorific value effect of a magnetic material is propagated by a heat exchange fluid and a predetermined refrigeration cycle is driven to obtain a refrigerating temperature range and a refrigerating capacity. This is generally called the AMR (Active Magnetic Regenerator) freezing method, and is recognized as an effective method for magnetic freezing near room temperature (see Patent 5060602).

Patent 5060602

Magnetic refrigeration technology that realizes frontless-Toshiba, Toshiba Review Vol. 62, No. 9 (September 2007), https://www.toshiba.co.jp/tech/review/2007/09/62_09pdf/rd01.pdf

All of the above cooling methods are methods of converting electrical energy, kinetic energy, etc. into energy of temperature difference to generate a low temperature portion and a high temperature portion. The conversion from electrical energy to temperature difference energy can be simply converted by the Peltier element, but the conversion from kinetic energy to temperature difference energy requires a complicated structure. That is, in the case of gas compression, vaporization, or magnetic refrigeration accompanied by noise and vibration, an AMR device that moves the refrigerant in synchronization with the application of a magnetic field is required. In the AMR device, a complicated mechanism accompanied by noise and vibration such as refrigerant adjustment synchronized with the application of a magnetic field is required.

The present invention is a method of converting kinetic energy to temperature difference energy by directly performing energy conversion without complicated operation including opening and closing of a valve such as magnetic refrigeration AMR, and inputting kinetic energy to the element. The purpose is to directly output the temperature difference energy without accompanying noise and vibration.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first disclosure is a liquid or liquid between a magnetic working material that rotates or reciprocates and a magnetic field applying portion including a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field to the magnetic working material. It is a structure of an energy conversion element that outputs heat on the high temperature side through a magnetic field application part by filling a liquid in which fine particles are dispersed and heat-conducting the amount of heat generated by applying a magnetic field with a permanent magnet to the magnetic field application part.

The second disclosure uses a magnetic fluid in a liquid or a liquid in which fine particles are dispersed to be filled between the magnetic working substance and the magnetic field applying portion, and continuously heats the rotating or reciprocating magnetic working material and the magnetic field applying portion. It is the structure of the energy conversion element of the first disclosure to conduct.

The third disclosure is that the low temperature can be continuously obtained by filling the output terminal on the low temperature side with a liquid or a liquid in which fine particles are dispersed between the rotating or reciprocating magnetic working substance and the low temperature output terminal. It is the structure of the energy conversion element of the first and second disclosure.

The fourth disclosure is that at the output terminal on the low temperature side, a magnetic field application part including a permanent magnet that can hold the magnetic fluid but does not generate heat of the magnetic working material but has a weak magnetic field of about 0.01T to 0.1T is installed, and further, the magnetic working material is installed. It is a structure of an energy conversion element capable of continuously obtaining a low temperature by filling a magnetic fluid between the magnetic fluid and the magnetic field application portion.

The fifth disclosure is a method of connecting an energy conversion element that increases the temperature difference as a series connection by connecting the low temperature output terminal of the energy conversion element and the high temperature output terminal of a similar energy conversion element separately with good thermal conductivity. Is.

The sixth disclosure is the configuration of the energy conversion element in the energy conversion element laminated assembly, characterized in that the composition of the magnetic working substance is changed according to the operating temperature condition.

The seventh disclosure is a configuration of a temperature control device characterized in that the energy conversion element assembly is used for a cooling unit or a heating unit.

According to the present disclosure, kinetic energy can be simply converted into temperature difference energy without complicated valve opening and closing without accompanied by noise and vibration. Further, a heating or cooling device can be obtained by using the energy conversion element. The effects described herein are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present disclosure or an effect different from them.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the energy conversion element which concerns on embodiment when the 4th rotating disk-shaped magnetic working substance of this disclosure is used. It is a top view which shows the structure of the energy conversion element which concerns on embodiment when the 4th rotating disk-shaped magnetic working substance of this disclosure is used. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the energy conversion element which concerns on embodiment of the laminated element when the 5th rotating disk-shaped magnetic working substance of this disclosure is used. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the energy conversion element which concerns on embodiment of the laminated element at the time of using the 6th rotating disk-shaped magnetic working material of the present disclosure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the energy conversion element which concerns on embodiment in the case of using the strip-shaped magnetic working substance which performs the 4th reciprocating motion of this disclosure. It is a top view which shows the structure of the energy conversion element which concerns on embodiment when the strip-shaped magnetic working substance which performs the 4th reciprocating motion of this disclosure is used. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the energy conversion element which concerns on embodiment of the laminated element at the time of using the strip-shaped magnetic working substance which performs the 5th reciprocating motion of this disclosure.

The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in the following order.
1 Embodiments 1-4
2 5th and 6th embodiments

<1 Embodiments 1-4>
"Magnetic work material"
In the AMR device, which has been conventionally researched and developed as a magnetic refrigeration technology, the refrigerant is reciprocated in this gap by using a particulate magnetic working substance, but in the present disclosure, a disk-shaped magnetism attached to a rotating shaft is used. Use working material. A high-temperature output terminal having a strong magnetic field that generates heat of the magnetic work material by sandwiching a disk-shaped magnetic work material that rotates by the rotating shaft, and a low temperature having a weak magnetic field that does not apply a magnetic field or generate heat of the magnetic work material. Install the output terminal.
As the magnetic working substance, a Gd (gadolinium) alloy, an Mn (manganese) alloy, a La (lantern) alloy, a boron compound or the like can be used.

"High temperature output terminal"
A magnetic field application unit including a permanent magnet, which is attached to a rotating shaft and sandwiches a rotating disk-shaped magnetic working material to generate heat, is installed to apply a magnetic field. A liquid or a liquid in which fine particles are dispersed is introduced between the magnetic working substance and the magnetic field application part. A magnetic fluid can be used as the liquid or the liquid in which the fine particles are dispersed. Even if the magnetic working substance rotates, the magnetic fluid is attracted to the magnetic field and stays in the magnetic field application part. Here, when the magnetic field is applied, the magnetization directions of the magnetic working material are aligned, so that the magnetic working material generates heat. This heat generation is heat-conducted to the magnetic field application section through the liquid or the liquid in which the fine particles are dispersed, and the magnetic field application section itself becomes the high temperature output terminal, and the high temperature heat quantity can be taken out from the magnetic field application section.

"Low temperature output terminal"
The magnetic working material emitted from a strong magnetic field is cooled because the direction of magnetization is random. A low temperature output terminal is installed to transfer heat to the outside in the low temperature state at this time. The low temperature output terminal has a weak magnetic field between the gaps sandwiching the magnetic working material so that no magnetic field is applied or the magnetic working material does not generate heat. The magnetic working material and the low temperature output terminal are thermally conducted by a liquid or a liquid in which fine particles are dispersed. A permanent magnet is installed so that it is attached to a rotating shaft and sandwiches a rotating disk-shaped magnetic working substance so that it has a weak magnetic field of about 0.03 T. A magnetic fluid is introduced between the magnetic working material and the weak magnet. Even if the magnetic working substance rotates, the magnetic fluid is attracted to the magnetic field and stays in the magnet part. The magnetite magnetic powder used in the magnetic fluid is strongly attracted to the magnet even if it is about 0.03 T, and stays in the magnet part even if the magnetic working substance rotates. On the other hand, in a magnetic field of about 0.03 T, the magnetization directions of the magnetic working material are not sufficiently aligned, and the magnetic working material does not generate sufficient heat and is maintained in a low temperature state. This low temperature is conducted to the magnet through the magnetic fluid, and the magnet portion itself becomes a low temperature output terminal, and other substances can be cooled through the magnet portion.
The magnetic fluids filled in the high-temperature output terminal and the low-temperature output terminal can be attracted by the respective magnets and can maintain the high-temperature state and the low-temperature state, respectively, without mixing with each other.

<2 Embodiments 5 and 6>
"Laminate"
Although the energy conversion element takes a very simple form, the temperature difference generated is small as compared with the AMR device which has been studied conventionally. Here, the temperature difference can be expanded by connecting the elements in series.
A high-temperature output terminal and a low-temperature output terminal are installed for separate disk-shaped magnetic working materials connected to the same shaft, respectively. By connecting the low temperature output terminal and the high temperature output terminal of another individual element with good thermal conductivity, the low temperature output terminal and the high temperature output terminal have the same temperature. Therefore, the temperature difference between the output terminals on the unconnected side further increases. Although an example of two-stage connection is shown here, the number of layers can be similarly increased as needed in order to obtain a desired temperature difference.
At this time, the magnetic working material used for each of the stacked elements does not have to be the same. Magnetic working substances with different optimum operating temperatures can be arranged according to the operating temperature of each element to further increase the temperature difference.

"Strip type"
So far, we have disclosed a method of rotating a disk-shaped magnetic working material, but it is also possible to reciprocate the magnetic working material in a strip shape. The high-temperature output terminal having a high magnetic field that generates heat of the magnetic work material and the low-temperature output terminal having a low magnetic field that does not generate heat of the magnetic work material are arranged so as not to touch each other so as to sandwich the strip-type magnetic work material. A magnetic fluid is filled between the magnetic working substance and the high-temperature output terminal and the low-temperature output terminal, respectively. The magnetic working material is reciprocated. The portion of the magnetic working substance that enters the high-temperature output terminal having a high magnetic field generates heat, and the magnetic fluid conducts heat to the high-temperature output terminal, heating the high-temperature output terminal. Since the magnetic working material emitted from the high temperature output terminal varies in the direction of magnetization, it absorbs heat and is cooled. This cooling state is conducted to the low temperature output terminal by the magnetic fluid, and the low temperature output terminal cools. In this way, a high temperature part and a low temperature part can be obtained.
Even in the strip type, the temperature difference can be increased in the same manner as described above by using the laminated structure.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to these Examples.

This embodiment will be described in the following order.
i Energy conversion element alone
ii Energy conversion element laminated assembly
iii Temperature control device using a laminated assembly of energy conversion elements

<Example of i energy conversion element alone>
A stainless steel shaft with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 50 mm was prepared. A magnetic working substance Gd (gadolinium) having a perforated disk shape with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a diameter of 40 mm was installed in the center of the shaft and fixed to the shaft. The disk-shaped magnetic working material also rotates due to the rotation of the shaft.

In order to apply a magnetic field to the magnetic work material, a permanent magnet with a yoke was installed so as to sandwich the disk-shaped magnetic work material. A NdFeB magnet was used as the permanent magnet, and the gap spacing was set to 4.0 mm. The magnetic flux between the gaps was 0.9T. A magnetic fluid made of magnetite magnetic powder was filled between the magnetic working substance and the permanent magnet to form a high-temperature output terminal.

In order to install the low temperature output terminal on the opposite side of the circumference of the high temperature output terminal, a permanent magnet with a yoke was installed so as to sandwich the disk-shaped magnetic working material. An Sr-Ferrite magnet was used as the permanent magnet, and the gap spacing was set to 4.0 mm. The magnetic flux between the gaps was 0.03T. A magnetic fluid made of magnetite magnetic powder was filled between the magnetic working substance and the permanent magnet to form a low-temperature output terminal (Figs. 1 and 2).

The room temperature and element constituent materials were all initially set at 23.0 ° C. The disk-shaped magnetic working material fixed to the shaft was rotated by the rotation of the shaft. The rotation speed was 5 rpm. It was confirmed that the magnetic fluid was fixed by the high temperature output terminal and the low temperature output terminal, respectively, and did not move even when the magnetic working substance was rotated. When the temperature was measured 3 minutes after the shaft started to rotate, it was observed to be 23.9 ° C at the high temperature output terminal and 22.1 ° C at the low temperature output terminal. It was found that the kinetic energy of shaft rotation is directly converted into the energy of temperature difference.
Here, an example of disk-shaped magnetic working material rotation was disclosed, but similar results were obtained when a strip-shaped magnetic working material was reciprocated (Figs. 5 and 6).

<Ii Energy conversion element laminated aggregate>
A separate energy conversion element was installed on the same axis as the energy conversion element shown above. At this time, the high-temperature output terminal of one energy conversion element was installed so as to be closely fixed via a heat-conducting material so as to be connected to the other low-temperature output terminal with good thermal conductivity to form an energy conversion element laminated aggregate (Fig.). 3). A heat insulating material is placed at the joint of the output terminals that are paired with this to make it difficult for heat to be transferred.
The room temperature and the initial temperature of the element were set to 23.0 ° C., the shaft was rotated at 5 rpm, and after 5 minutes, the temperatures of the high temperature output terminals and the low temperature output terminals at both ends of the energy conversion element laminated assembly were measured. Here, the temperatures of the high-temperature output terminal and the low-temperature output terminal at both ends were 24.8 ° C and 21.2 ° C, respectively, which could be increased from the temperature difference of a single unit.
Similarly, it was confirmed that the temperature difference increased when the laminated structure was set to 3 stages and 4 stages. In the case of 4 stages, the same magnetic working material Gd, that is, pure Gd1.00, is used, the room temperature and the initial temperature of the element are set to 23.0 ° C, the shaft is rotated at 5 rpm, and after 5 minutes, the high temperature at both ends of the energy conversion element laminated assembly The temperature of the output terminal and the low temperature output terminal was measured. Here, the temperatures of the high temperature output terminal and the low temperature output terminal at both ends were 26.4 ° C and 19.6 ° C, respectively.
Furthermore, of the four disc-shaped magnetic working materials used here, two in the high temperature part are set to pure Gd1.00, and two in the low temperature part are used as the magnetic working material having a composition of Gd0.98Y0.02. The shaft was rotated at 5 rpm, and after 5 minutes, the temperatures of the high-temperature output terminals and low-temperature output terminals at both ends of the energy conversion element laminated assembly were measured. Here, the temperatures of the high temperature output terminal and the low temperature output terminal at both ends were 26.4 ° C and 19.4 ° C, respectively. When Gd0.98Y0.02 is used for all four sheets, the result is the same as for pure Gd for all four sheets, and when magnetic working substances with different compositions are used, the temperature difference between the low temperature part and the high temperature part may be widened. It turned out to be.

So far, an example of a pair of high-temperature output terminals and low-temperature output terminals for one disk-shaped magnetic working material has been shown, but multiple pairs of high-temperature output terminals and low-temperature output for one disk-shaped magnetic working material have been shown. It is also possible to install terminals. Although the low temperature output terminal and the high temperature output terminal have a square shape, they may be fan-shaped or arc-shaped according to the shape of the disk-shaped magnetic working substance, respectively.

<Iii Temperature control device using laminated aggregate of energy conversion elements>
A cooling device was constructed using the two-stage energy conversion element laminated assembly shown in <ii Energy conversion element laminated assembly>. Cooling water was connected to the high temperature output terminal, and the high temperature output terminal was set to room temperature (23.0 ° C). The shaft was rotated at 5 rpm, and after 5 minutes, the temperature of the low temperature output terminal of the energy conversion element laminated assembly was measured. Here, the temperature of the low temperature output terminal is 19.5 ° C, and a cooling device is possible. Further lowering the temperature was possible by increasing the number of laminated energy conversion elements.
Similarly, by setting the temperature of the low temperature output terminal to room temperature (23.0 ° C), the temperature of the high temperature output terminal could be set to 26.5 ° C. It was possible to construct a temperature control device capable of heating and cooling.

Since kinetic energy can be directly converted into temperature difference energy, a heating and cooling system can be constructed with high reliability, low noise, and low vibration because complicated structures such as gas compression and valve opening / closing are not required. .. The high temperature output terminal can be connected to the radiator for heat dissipation through the refrigerant or the like, and the low temperature output terminal can be connected to the required cooling system through the refrigerant or the like. It is also possible to construct a heating system in the same way. Therefore, it can be applied to various heating or cooling systems such as various transportation devices such as automobiles that generate kinetic energy, refrigerators and air conditioners that directly generate high and low temperatures from natural energy conversion devices such as water turbines and wind turbines.

1 Disc-shaped magnetic work material
1-b Disc-shaped magnetic working material (composition different from 1)
2 ferrofluid
3 NdFeCo permanent magnet
4 Iron-based magnetic yoke material
5 Sr ferritic permanent magnet
6 Hub for installing magnetic work material
7 High temperature output terminal
8 Low temperature output terminal
9 axis of rotation
10 Heat conductive material
11 Insulation material
12 Laminated high temperature output terminal
13 Laminated low temperature output terminal
14 Strip-shaped magnetic work material

Claims (7)

It is provided with a magnetic working material that can rotate or reciprocate and generates heat when a magnetic field is applied, and a magnetic field application unit that includes a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field to the magnetic working material, and the magnetic working material and the magnetic field. It is characterized in that a liquid or a liquid in which fine particles are dispersed is filled between the application parts, and the amount of heat generated by applying the magnetic field is conducted to the magnetic field application part to output the amount of heat generated by applying the magnetic field through the magnetic field application part. Energy conversion element. The energy conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid to be filled between the magnetic field application portion and the magnetic working substance or the liquid in which fine particles are dispersed is a magnetic fluid containing magnetic fine particles. The magnetic work material is provided with a magnetic work material that can rotate or reciprocate and generates heat when a magnetic field is applied, and a magnetic field application unit that includes a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field for generating the magnetic work material. When the substance is in a cold state, it is characterized by comprising a low temperature output terminal that transfers heat by a liquid filled with the magnetic working substance or a liquid in which fine particles are dispersed (claims 1 and 2). > Described energy conversion element. The magnetic work material is provided with a magnetic work material that can rotate or reciprocate and generates heat when a magnetic field is applied, and a magnetic field application unit that includes a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field for generating the magnetic work material. An energy conversion element including a low-temperature output terminal that transfers heat by a magnetic fluid filled between the magnetic working material and the magnetic working material when the material is in a cold state. The heating and cooling temperature ranges of the plurality of energy conversion elements according to claim 1-4 by connecting the low temperature portion and the high temperature portion of the separate body directly or thermally with a heat conductive material to form a series connection. An assembly of energy conversion elements characterized by increasing. The energy conversion element assembly according to claim 5, wherein the composition of the magnetic working substance is not uniform among the elements. A temperature control device according to claim 1-6, wherein the energy conversion element and the energy conversion element assembly are used.

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