JP2020157895A - Work vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a work vehicle that has improved heat exchange efficiency in a heat exchanger, and also improved workability of cleaning, maintenance, etc. in an engine enclosure.SOLUTION: A work vehicle includes: a vehicle body; a driving source; a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between cooling liquid and cooling air flowing in a flow passage from an upper side to a lower side; a fan having a boss attached to a rotation shaft and a plurality of blades extending radially from the boss, which guides the cooling air to the heat exchanger; and an enclosure for accommodating the driving source, the heat exchanger, and the fan. The enclosure includes: a suction port for taking the cooling air into an internal space from above obliquely; an exhaust port for discharging the cooling air in the internal space; and a frame-shaped frame for supporting an air guide plate for straightening ambient air taken in through a dust-free net for blocking the passage of dust entering through the suction port, and the suction port, and guiding it to the heat exchanger, which is supported detachably between the suction port and the heat exchanger. The air guide plate is disposed higher than a bottom end of the boss.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a work vehicle including a heat exchanger such as a radiator.

Patent Document 1 induces a power chamber having an intake port and an exhaust port, a drive source arranged in the power chamber, and a cooling air flow driven by the drive source from the intake port to the exhaust port in the power chamber. A construction machine including a fan, a heat exchanger arranged to face the flow of cooling air induced by the fan, and a wind conditioner for regulating the flow of cooling air is disclosed.

More specifically, the air conditioner described in Patent Document 1 guides a part of the cooling air toward the central portion of the heat exchanger to the outer peripheral portion of the heat exchanger, thereby distributing the cooling air volume by the portion of the heat exchanger. It is installed in the power room for the purpose of suppressing the bias.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-173296

However, if the cooling air is dispersed in the outer peripheral portion of the heat exchanger as in Patent Document 1, the cooling efficiency is lowered. Further, in Patent Document 1, the air conditioner is fixed immediately before the heat exchanger, which may be an obstacle when cleaning or maintaining the heat exchanger. Further, in Patent Document 1, a space for providing a wind conditioner is required in the power chamber, which may be difficult to install especially in a small swivel machine.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned actual conditions, and an object of the present invention is to provide a work vehicle having improved heat exchange efficiency in a heat exchanger and improved workability such as cleaning and maintenance inside an engine building. To provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention presents a vehicle body, a drive source for generating a driving force for traveling the vehicle body, and a flow in which a coolant that cools the drive source flows from the upper side to the lower side. A heat exchanger having a path and exchanging heat between the cooling liquid flowing through the flow path and the cooling air, a boss attached to a rotating shaft rotated by the driving force of the driving source, and a plurality of bosses extending radially from the boss. A work vehicle including a fan for guiding cooling air to the heat exchanger, and a building provided in the vehicle body for accommodating the drive source, the heat exchanger, and the fan in an internal space. The building is provided with an intake port that takes in cooling air from diagonally above into the internal space, and the drive source, the heat exchanger, and the fan on the opposite side of the intake port. Supports an exhaust port that discharges the cooling air, a dustproof net that blocks the passage of dust that has entered through the intake port, and a baffle plate that rectifies the outside air taken in through the intake port and guides it to the heat exchanger. A frame-shaped frame that is detachably supported between the intake port and the heat exchanger is provided, and the baffle plate is arranged above the lower end of the boss.

According to the present invention, the heat exchange efficiency in the heat exchanger is improved, and the workability such as cleaning the inside of the engine building is also improved. Issues, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of the embodiments.

It is a perspective view of the hydraulic excavator which is a typical example of the work vehicle which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a rear view which shows typically the internal structure of an engine building. It is a figure which looked at the dustproof unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment from the right side of FIG. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship between the cross section of the dustproof unit in IV-IV of FIG. 3 and a fan. It is a top view which shows typically the internal structure of the engine building which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which looked at the dustproof unit which concerns on 2nd Embodiment from the right side of FIG.

[First Embodiment]
An embodiment of a work vehicle according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hydraulic excavator 1 which is a typical example of a work vehicle according to the first embodiment. Unless otherwise specified, the front, rear, left, and right sides in this specification are based on the viewpoint of the operator who operates the hydraulic excavator 1.

The hydraulic excavator 1 includes a lower traveling body 2 and an upper rotating body 3 supported by the lower traveling body 2. The lower traveling body 2 and the upper turning body 3 are examples of the vehicle body. The lower traveling body 2 includes a pair of left and right endless tracks. Then, when the rotation of the traveling motor (not shown) is transmitted and the pair of left and right endless tracks rotate, the hydraulic excavator 1 travels. However, the lower traveling body 2 may be wheeled instead of the endless track.

The upper swivel body 3 is supported by the lower traveling body 2 in a swivelable state by a swivel motor (not shown). The upper swivel body 3 is arranged on the front left side of the swivel frame 5 as a base, the front work machine (work machine) 4 rotatably attached to the front center of the swivel frame 5 in the vertical direction, and the swivel frame 5. It mainly includes a cab (driver's seat) 7, a counterweight 6 arranged at the rear of the turning frame 5, and an engine building (building) 10.

The front working machine 4 includes a boom 4a undulatingly supported by the upper swivel body 3, an arm 4b swingably supported by the tip of the boom 4a, and a bucket swingably supported by the tip of the arm 4b. Includes 4c and hydraulic cylinders 4d-4f that drive the boom 4a, arm 4b, and bucket 4c. The counter weight 6 is for balancing the weight with the front working machine 4, and is a heavy object attached to the rear end of the upper swing body 3.

The cab 7 is formed with an internal space on which an operator who operates the hydraulic excavator 1 is boarded. Inside the cab 7, a seat on which the operator is seated (not shown) and an operating device (steering, pedal, lever, switch, etc.) operated by the operator seated on the seat are arranged. Then, when the operator boarding the cab 7 operates the operating device, the lower traveling body 2 travels, the upper rotating body 3 turns, and the front working machine 4 operates.

The engine building 10 is supported by the swivel frame 5 behind the front work machine 4 and the cab 7 and in front of the counterweight 6. Further, the engine building 10 extends over the entire area of the turning frame 5 in the left-right direction. FIG. 2 is a rear view schematically showing the internal structure of the engine building 10.

The engine building 10 has an outer wall 11 that defines an internal space. The outer wall 11 has at least an upper surface, a left surface, and a right surface. The other surface may be open or may be closed by an adjacent member (eg, swivel frame 5). The engine (drive source) 21, the fan 22, the heat exchanger 23, and the dustproof unit 30 are housed in the internal space of the engine building 10.

At one end of the outer wall 11 in the left-right direction, an intake port 12 that takes in the air (outside air) of the engine building 10 into the internal space as cooling air is formed. The intake port 12 according to the first embodiment is formed at the corners of the upper surface and the left surface of the outer wall 11. That is, outside air is taken into the internal space of the engine building 10 from diagonally above through the intake port 12. Further, it is desirable that the intake port 12 is formed above the rotation shaft 24 of the fan 22.

At the other end of the outer wall 11 in the left-right direction, an exhaust port 13 for discharging the cooling air in the internal space to the outside of the engine building 10 is formed. The exhaust port 13 according to the first embodiment is formed on the right surface of the outer wall 11. That is, the exhaust port 13 is formed on the opposite side of the intake port 12 with the engine 21, the fan 22, the heat exchanger 23, and the dustproof unit 30 housed in the engine building 10 interposed therebetween.

Therefore, the cooling air taken into the internal space of the engine building 10 through the intake port 12 passes between the dustproof unit 30, the heat exchanger 23, the fan 22, and the engine 21, and passes through the exhaust port 13 of the engine building 10. It is discharged to the outside. In the first embodiment, the direction from the left to the right of the internal space of the engine building 10 is defined as "the direction of the flow of the cooling air". However, the direction of the flow of the cooling air is not limited to the above-mentioned example, and changes depending on the positional relationship between the intake port 12 and the exhaust port 13.

In the internal space of the engine building 10, the engine 21, the fan 22, the heat exchanger 23, and the dustproof unit 30 are arranged in this order from the right side to the left side. That is, the dustproof unit 30 is arranged on the upstream side of the flow of the cooling air from the other components 21 to 23. In other words, the dustproof unit 30 is arranged between the intake port 12 and the heat exchanger 23. Further, the fan 22 is arranged on the side opposite to the dustproof unit 30 with the heat exchanger 23 interposed therebetween. However, the layout of the components 21 to 23 and 30 in the engine building 10 is not limited to the above example.

The engine 21 generates a driving force for operating the hydraulic excavator 1. More specifically, the hydraulic pump (not shown) is rotated by the driving force of the engine 21, and the hydraulic oil stored in the hydraulic oil tank (not shown) is supplied to the traveling motor, the swivel motor, and the hydraulic cylinders 4d to 4f. Will be done.

Since the engine 21 burns fossil fuel to generate a driving force, it generates heat during driving. Therefore, a coolant passage through which the coolant (for example, water or oil) passes is formed inside the engine 21. The coolant is supplied from the heat exchanger 23, passes through the coolant passage to cool the engine 21, and then returns to the heat exchanger 23 again.

The fan 22 is attached to a rotating shaft 24 that rotates by transmitting the driving force of the engine 21. Then, the fan 22 rotates with the rotation of the rotating shaft 24, and induces a flow of cooling air from the intake port 12 to the exhaust port 13 in the internal space of the engine building 10. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the fan 22 has a boss 22a and a plurality of blades 22b.

The boss 22a has a substantially cylindrical outer shape, and a rotating shaft 24 is attached to the center O thereof. The blades 22b extend radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the boss 22a. Further, the plurality of blades 22b are arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the boss 22a. That is, the plurality of blades 22b extend radially from the boss 22a. However, the number of blades 22b is not limited to the example of FIG.

The heat exchanger 23 has a pipe (flow path) 24 through which the coolant passes. The pipe 25 meanders in the internal space of the engine building 10 from the upper side to the lower side. Then, the coolant flows through the meandering pipe 25 from the upper side to the lower side. That is, the coolant returned from the engine 21 enters the heat exchanger 23 from the upper end of the pipe 25 and is supplied to the engine 21 from the lower end of the pipe 25.

The pipe 25 of the heat exchanger 23 is exposed in the internal space of the engine building 10. Therefore, the pipe 25 comes into contact with the cooling air induced by the fan 22. That is, the heat exchanger 23 causes heat exchange between the cooling liquid flowing in the pipe 25 and the cooling air. As a result, the high-temperature coolant that has entered from the upper end of the pipe 25 is gradually cooled in the process of passing through the pipe 25 and flows out from the lower end of the pipe 25. That is, the temperature of the heat exchanger 23 is higher toward the upper side and lower at the lower side.

The surface of the heat exchanger 23 that intersects with the flow of the cooling air has a width similar to the width of the internal space of the engine building 10. That is, the width of the heat exchanger 23 occupies most of the width of the engine building 10. The width referred to here means a width dimension taken in the horizontal direction. That is, the heat exchanger 23 is arranged to face the flow of the cooling air induced by the fan 22.

The heat exchanger 23 may include not only the coolant for the engine 21, but also an intercooler for cooling the supercharged air from the turbocharger (not shown), an oil cooler for cooling the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic actuator, and the like.

The dustproof unit 30 has a filter function for removing dust from the cooling air that has entered through the intake port, and a rectifying function for rectifying the flow of the cooling air. The dustproof unit 30 is configured to be removable from the mounting portion 11a provided on the inner surface of the engine building 10. The dustproof unit 30 mainly includes a frame 31, a dustproof net 32, baffle plates 33, 34, 35, and a pin 39.

FIG. 3 is a view of the dustproof unit 30 according to the first embodiment as viewed from the right side of FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between the cross section of the dustproof unit 30 in IV-IV of FIG. 3 and the fan 22. The dustproof unit 30 is integrated (unitized) with, for example, a wind guide plate 33 to 35 attached to a dustproof net 32 supported by a conventional frame 31.

The frame 31 has a rectangular frame shape composed of an upper side 31a, a lower side 31b, a front side 31c, and a rear side 31d. The outer shape of the frame 31 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the internal space of the engine building 10 (cross-sectional shape including the vertical direction and the front-rear direction). That is, the outer surface of the frame 31 is in contact with the inner surface of the engine building 10. Further, through holes 31e through which the pins 39 are inserted are formed at the four corners of the frame 31. However, the position and number of the through holes 31e are not limited to the example of FIG.

The dustproof net 32 is a film-like member having a mesh structure that allows cooling air to pass through and blocks the passage of dust. The dustproof net 32 is attached to the entire inside of the frame 31. That is, the cooling air taken in through the intake port 12 passes through the mesh of the dustproof net 32 and reaches the heat exchanger 23. On the other hand, the dust that has entered together with the cooling air is caught in the mesh of the dustproof net 32 and does not reach the heat exchanger 23. The size of the mesh is appropriately selected according to the application, and it may not be possible to completely prevent the passage of dust.

The baffle plates 33, 34, and 35 generally have a flat plate shape (flat bar shape). More specifically, the upper surface (guide surface) of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is a flat surface. The upper surfaces of the baffle plates 33 to 35 are parallel to the extending direction of the rotating shaft 24. However, the upper surface of the baffle plates 33 to 35 does not have to be a completely flat surface, and grooves, fins, and the like extending along the direction of the flow of the cooling air may be formed.

Further, the baffle plates 33 to 35 are supported by the frame 31. More specifically, one end of the baffle plates 33 to 35 in the longitudinal direction is connected to the front side 31c of the frame 31, and the other end in the longitudinal direction is connected to the rear side 31d of the frame 31. That is, the baffle plates 33 to 35 extend in the horizontal direction (front-rear direction) orthogonal to the extension direction of the rotation shaft 24 over the entire inside of the frame 31.

Further, the baffle plates 33 to 35 are arranged on the downstream side of the flow of the cooling air from the dustproof net 32. More specifically, the lateral direction of the baffle plates 33 to 35 projects from the dustproof net 32 to the downstream side of the flow of the cooling air. The protrusion amount L of the baffle plates 33 to 35 should be long as long as it does not come into contact with the heat exchanger 23, and is set to, for example, about 100 mm. Further, the protrusion amount L of the baffle plates 33 to 35 may be the same or different.

Further, the baffle plates 33 to 35 are arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction. The distance between the baffle plates 35 to 35 is set to, for example, about 100 to 150 mm. The intervals between the baffle plates 33 to 35 may be the same or different. Further, the baffle plates 33 to 35 are arranged unevenly on the upper side of the frame 31.

As shown in FIG. 4, the lower end of the installation range of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is set above, for example, the lower end of the boss 22a of the fan 22 (in other words, the lower end of the movement locus of the base end of the blade 22b). To. More preferably, the lower end of the installation range of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is set above the center O of the boss 22a (in other words, the center of rotation of the fan 22). More preferably, the lower end of the installation range of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is set above the upper end of the boss 22a (in other words, the upper end of the movement locus of the base end of the blade 22b).

Further, the upper end of the installation range of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is set below, for example, the upper end of the movement locus of the tip of the blade 22b. In a hydraulic excavator 1 of a general size, the upper end of the installation range of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is set about 50 mm below the lower end of the upper side 31a. That is, the baffle plates 33 to 35 are installed in the range R _{1 of} FIG. 4, more preferably in the range R ₂ , and further preferably in the range R ₃ .

The pin 39 is inserted through the through hole 31e of the frame 31 and the through hole (not shown) of the mounting portion 11a to fix the dustproof unit 30 to the mounting portion 11a. On the other hand, when the pin 39 is removed from the through hole, the dustproof unit 30 becomes removable from the mounting portion 11a. That is, the dustproof unit 30 is configured to be detachable from the mounting portion 11a by simply inserting and removing the pin 39 without using a special tool. Since the specific configuration of the pin 39 is well known, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

According to the first embodiment, for example, the following actions and effects are exhibited.

According to the first embodiment, the cooling air taken into the internal space of the engine building 10 from diagonally above through the intake port 12 is substantially horizontal on the upper surfaces of the baffle plates 33 to 35 as shown by the arrows in FIG. Turn around to reach the heat exchanger 23. Then, by placing the baffle plate 33 to 35 in the range _R 1 to R ₃ in FIG. 4, it is possible to effectively collect the cooling air to the top of the heat exchanger 23. Since the temperature of the heat exchanger 23 is higher toward the upper side, the heat exchange efficiency is improved by guiding a large amount of cooling air to the upper part of the heat exchanger 23.

Further, according to the first embodiment, since the frame 31, the dustproof net 32, and the baffle plates 33 to 35 are integrated, it is only necessary to remove the dustproof unit 30 when cleaning or maintaining the inside of the engine building 10. As a result, workability during cleaning and maintenance in the engine building 10 is improved. Further, the dustproof unit 30 according to the first embodiment requires a smaller installation space as compared with the case where the dustproof net 32 and the baffle plates 33 to 35 are installed independently, so that it can be used for a small swivel machine or the like. It can be installed.

Further, according to the first embodiment, since the baffle plates 33 to 35 are arranged on the downstream side of the flow of the cooling air from the dustproof net 32 (that is, in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 23), the rectifying effect of the cooling air is further enhanced. Can be enhanced. However, the installation positions of the baffle plates 33 to 35 may be on the upstream side of the flow of the cooling air from the dustproof net 32.

Further, according to the first embodiment, since the plurality of baffle plates 33 to 35 are installed, the effect of guiding the cooling air to the upper part of the heat exchanger 23 can be further enhanced. However, the number of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is not limited to three, and may be one, two, or four or more.

[Second Embodiment]
The extension direction of the baffle plates 33 to 35 is not limited to the horizontal direction. FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing the internal structure of the engine building 10 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a view of the dustproof unit 30A according to the second embodiment as viewed from the right side of FIG. The detailed description of the common points with the first embodiment will be omitted, and the differences will be mainly described.

As shown in FIG. 5, the intake ports 12a and 12b according to the second embodiment are formed so as to be biased to one side and the other side in the horizontal direction (front-rear direction) with respect to the rotation shaft 24 of the fan 22. Further, the intake ports 12a and 12b according to the second embodiment are provided above the rotation shaft 24 of the fan 22 as in the intake port 12 according to the first embodiment.

That is, in the internal space of the engine building 10 according to the second embodiment, the cooling air is taken in from diagonally above the front through the intake port 12a, and the cooling air is taken in from diagonally above the rear through the intake port 12b. One of the intake ports 12a and 12b may be omitted.

Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the dustproof unit 30A according to the second embodiment includes the baffle plates 36, 37, 38. The baffle plates 36 to 38 project toward the heat exchanger 23 on the downstream side of the flow of the cooling air from the dustproof net 32. Further, the baffle plate 36 is extended in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, the baffle plates 37 and 38 are inclined with respect to the horizontal direction.

More specifically, the baffle plate 37 is connected to the upper side 31a and the front side 31c of the frame 31. That is, the baffle plate 37 is inclined so as to ascend toward the rear. On the other hand, the baffle plate 38 is connected to the upper side 31a and the rear side 31d of the frame 31. That is, the baffle plate 38 is inclined so as to be inclined downward toward the rear. The inclination angles of the baffle plates 37 and 38 with respect to the horizontal direction are, for example, 30 ° to 60 °, preferably 45 °.

According to the second embodiment, in addition to the action and effect of the first embodiment, the cooling air taken in through the intake ports 12a and 12b formed unevenly in the horizontal direction is parallel to the extending direction of the rotating shaft 24. It can be rectified in the direction and led to the upper part of the heat exchanger 23. In this way, the extending direction of the baffle plates 33 to 38 can be flexibly adjusted according to the positions of the intake ports 12, 12a, and 12b.

[Other variants]
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to the hydraulic excavator 1 has been described as an example, but the present invention has been described, for example, for other types of work vehicles including a wheel loader and a dump truck. Is also applicable and has the same effect. Further, although the case where the present invention is applied to a work vehicle equipped with an engine 21 as a drive source has been described as an example, even in a work vehicle in which a hydraulic pump is driven by an electric motor, an oil cooler or the like is used by cooling air. The present invention can be applied to an object to be cooled.

The above-described embodiments are examples for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to those embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the art can carry out the present invention in various other aspects without departing from the gist of the present invention.

1 Hydraulic excavator 2 Lower traveling body 3 Upper swivel body 4 Front working machine (working machine)
4a Boom 4b Arm 4c Bucket 4d, 4e, 4f Hydraulic cylinder 5 Swivel frame 6 Counter weight 7 Cab 10 Engine building 11 Outer wall 12, 12a, 12b Intake port 13 Exhaust port 21 Engine 22 Fan 22a Boss 22b Blade 23 Heat exchanger 24 rotations Shaft 25 Piping 30,30A Dustproof unit 31 Frame 31a Upper side 31b Lower side 31c Front side 31d Rear side 31e Through hole 32 Dustproof net 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 Baffle plate 39 pins

Claims (4)

With the vehicle body
A drive source that generates a driving force to drive the vehicle body,
A heat exchanger having a flow path through which the cooling liquid cooling the drive source flows from the upper side to the lower side and exchanging heat between the cooling liquid flowing through the flow path and the cooling air.
A boss attached to a rotating shaft rotated by the driving force of the drive source, and a fan having a plurality of blades radially extending from the boss and guiding cooling air to the heat exchanger.
A work vehicle provided in the vehicle body and including a drive source, a heat exchanger, and a building for accommodating the fan in an internal space.
The building
An intake port that takes in cooling air from diagonally above into the internal space,
An exhaust port provided on the opposite side of the drive source, the heat exchanger, and the fan from the intake port to exhaust the cooling air in the internal space.
A dustproof net that blocks the passage of dust that has entered through the intake port, and a baffle plate that rectifies the outside air taken in through the intake port and guides it to the heat exchanger are supported, and the intake port and the heat exchanger Equipped with a frame-shaped frame that is detachably supported between
A work vehicle characterized in that the baffle plate is arranged above the lower end of the boss. In the work vehicle according to claim 1,
The work is characterized in that the baffle plate projects toward the heat exchanger on the downstream side in the direction of the flow of the cooling air from the dustproof net, and extends in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the projecting direction. vehicle. In the work vehicle according to claim 2.
A work vehicle characterized in that the upper surface of the baffle plate is parallel to the extending direction of the rotation shaft of the fan. In the work vehicle according to claim 2.
The frame is a work vehicle characterized in that a plurality of the baffle plates are supported at positions separated in the vertical direction.

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