JP2020143502A - Bearing wall - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a bearing wall which can be comparatively easily formed, and can reduce labor and cost at the time of construction.SOLUTION: A bearing wall 1 includes a lattice 3 in which a plurality of openings 33 are formed of a first diagonal material 31 and a second diagonal material 32 crossing each other, a frame material 4 surrounding the periphery of the lattice 3, and a stiffener 5 arranged on at least a part of the plurality of openings 33. The first diagonal material 31 and the second diagonal material 32 are formed of plate-like steel materials. The stiffener 5 is a wooden member that is brought into surface contact with the first diagonal material 31 or second diagonal material 32.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a bearing wall.

By arranging the bearing wall at a predetermined position of the building, the bearing wall resists the horizontal force acting on the building and contributes to the improvement of the earthquake resistance of the building. As such a bearing wall, there is a wall made of reinforced concrete formed so as to shield the inside of the beam column frame. Since the reinforced concrete wall shields the space inside the beam column frame, the degree of freedom in design design and daylighting are limited. Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a seismic wall provided with a lattice for forming a plurality of openings by combining diagonal members and a buckling stiffener made of a glass plate arranged at the openings of the lattice. ing. Since the earthquake-resistant wall of Patent Document 1 uses a glass plate as a buckling stiffener, it is easy to collect light, but sashes, screws, joint materials, etc. for fixing the glass plate are required, and the number of members is increased. There are many. Further, in the earthquake-resistant wall of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide a buckling stiffener for all openings. Therefore, it takes time and effort for construction. In the bearing wall of Patent Document 1, since the buckling stiffener is supported by points with a gap between the buckling stiffener and the slanted member, when the buckling stiffener occurs in buckling. The load drops until it comes into contact with the buckling stiffener, resulting in an unstable state (see FIG. 8). Furthermore, since glass is a brittle material and is vulnerable to impact, it is necessary to take a large safety factor in order to prevent a sudden decrease in proof stress.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-041700

An object of the present invention is to propose a bearing wall that can be formed relatively easily and that can reduce labor and cost during construction.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the bearing wall of the present invention includes a lattice in which a plurality of openings are formed by intersecting diagonal members, and a frame member surrounding the lattice. The diagonal member is made of a plate-shaped steel material, and at least a part of the plurality of openings is provided with a wooden stiffener that comes into surface contact with the diagonal member. According to such a bearing wall, since a wooden member is used as the stiffener, the stiffener can be fixed to the diagonal member with a simple fixture such as a screw or a bolt. Further, if the wooden member is used as a stiffener, the sash and the like can be omitted, so that the number of members can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the labor and material cost during construction. In addition, if wood is used as a constituent member, the effect of reducing carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions can be expected. Further, since the buckling stiffener is in surface contact with the diagonal member and the diagonal member is supported by the surface, the load increase of the diagonal member is stable. Further, since wood has a specific gravity of about 1/3 that of glass but is ductile to compressive stress and bending stress, it does not break brittlely and can provide toughness to the bearing wall. ..

If the outer peripheral shape of the stiffener has the same shape as the peripheral shape of the opening, the stiffener adheres to the lattice (oblique member) and can be effectively buckled and stiffened.
Further, the stiffener may be made of orthogonal laminated wood. In the orthogonal laminated wood, since the ground laminated wood (lamina) is laminated and bonded so that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, the difference in rigidity and strength in the two intersecting directions is small, and the stiffening effect is difficult to be directional. Further, if the diagonal member is fixed to the diagonal member by a fixture (for example, a screw or a bolt) that is driven in a direction orthogonal to the fiber, the strength and integrity of the joint portion (separation resistance due to the fixing force of the screw or bolt) is increased. As the height increases, the stiffener is less likely to be damaged by the fixture.
Further, the stiffener may be made of wood whose fiber direction is parallel to that of the diagonal member, and may be fixed in a state of sandwiching the diagonal member. If the stiffener is arranged along both sides of the diagonal member and fixed in a state of being sandwiched from the weak axis direction of the diagonal member, buckling of the diagonal member can be effectively suppressed. ..
Further, when the stiffener has a frame shape by combining a plurality of timbers, it is desirable that the stiffeners are diagonally processed at a predetermined angle so that the ends of the timbers face each other. In this way, the difference in rigidity and strength due to the difference in the fiber direction on the grain surface is eliminated, and a frame-shaped stiffener having excellent force transmission can be formed.

According to the bearing wall of the present invention, since a wooden member is used as a stiffener to be arranged in the opening of the lattice, it can be attached without requiring a sash or the like. Therefore, the bearing wall can be formed relatively easily, and the labor and cost at the time of construction can be reduced.

It is a front view which shows the bearing wall which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the joint part between the diagonal members of a lattice. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the bonding state of a lattice and a stiffener. It is a front view which shows the bearing wall which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a development view of a grid. It is an enlarged view which shows the bonding state of a lattice and a stiffener. It is a front view which shows the bearing wall which concerns on other forms. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the load and displacement of the bearing wall of Patent Document 1.

<First Embodiment>
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a beam-column frame composed of columns 21 and 21 erected on the left and right and beams 22 and 22 laid vertically above and below these columns 21 and 21. The bearing wall 1 arranged in the inner space of 2 will be described. When the bearing wall 1 does not distinguish between the intersecting first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 (hereinafter, "first diagonal member 31" and "second diagonal member 32", the bearing wall 1 is simply "oblique member 31, 32". A grid 3 in which a plurality of openings 33 are formed, a frame member 4 surrounding the grid 3, and a stiffener 5 arranged in the openings 33 of the grid 3 are provided.

The lattice 3 is formed by combining a first diagonal member 31 arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the beam 22 and a second diagonal member 32 arranged at an angle of 135 ° with respect to the beam 22. Has been done. That is, the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are orthogonal to each other. The inclination angles of the first oblique member 31 and the second oblique member 32 are not limited and may be appropriately determined. That is, the opening of the lattice 3 is not limited to a square or a rectangle, and may be a vertically long rhombus or a horizontally long rhombus. The first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are made of plate-shaped steel material (so-called flat bar), and a plurality of the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are arranged side by side at equal intervals. The diagonal members 31 and 32 are arranged so that the plate surface faces the inner peripheral surface of the beam column frame 2. That is, the adjacent first diagonal members 31 or the adjacent second diagonal members 32 are arranged at intervals with the plate surfaces facing each other. As shown in FIG. 2, slits 34 are formed in the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32, respectively. The slit 34 is a concave notch formed at a position where the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 intersect, and has the same width as the plate thickness of the diagonal members 31 and 32, and the diagonal member 31. , 32 is formed to a depth of about half of the width (length in the wall thickness direction). The first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 form a lattice 3 by engaging the slits 34 with each other. The first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are welded and joined at an intersection (a portion where the slit 34 is engaged). Further, both ends of the diagonal members 31 and 32 are welded to the inner surface of the frame member 4. The configurations of the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are not limited, and the joint structure does not necessarily have to mesh the slits 34 with each other.

As shown in FIG. 1, the frame member 4 is formed in a rectangular shape in a front view by combining a pair of left and right vertical members 41 and a pair of upper and lower horizontal members 42. The vertical member 41 and the horizontal member 42 are made of a plate-shaped steel material (so-called flat bar). The vertical member 41 and the horizontal member 42 are arranged so that the plate surface (outer surface) faces the inner peripheral surface of the beam column frame 2. That is, the plate surface of the vertical member 41 is parallel to the inner surface of the column 21, and the plate surface of the horizontal member 42 is parallel to the inner surface of the beam 22. The material constituting the vertical member 41 and the horizontal member 42 is not limited to the plate material, and for example, steel materials such as H-shaped steel and channel steel may be used. A predetermined gap is formed between the frame member 4 and the beam column frame 2. The gap between the beam column frame 2 and the frame member 4 is filled with a filler (mortar or the like) 6. A plurality of anchors 43 are projected on the outer peripheral surface of the frame member 4, and anchors 23 are also planted on the inner peripheral surface of the beam column frame 2. The frame member 4 and the beam column frame 2 are fixed to each other by anchors 23 and 43 being fixed to the filler 6.

As shown in FIG. 1, one stiffener 5 is provided for a plurality of openings 33 (arranged in the diagonal direction) formed along the first diagonal member 31 or the second diagonal member 32. It is arranged everywhere. That is, the stiffener 5 is arranged in a staggered pattern (checkered pattern) with respect to the plurality of openings 33 of the lattice 3, and among the front and back plate surfaces of the diagonal members 31 and 32, the stiffener 5 The opening 33 on the back side (back side) of the surface facing the object is open. The arrangement of the stiffener 5 is not limited, and may be arranged in all the openings 33, for example. The stiffener 5 is made of a wooden block. The outer peripheral shape of the stiffener 5 is the same as the peripheral shape of the opening 33. The stiffener 5 may be a plate material.

The stiffener 5 is fixed in a state where a pair of facing surfaces (upper left surface and lower right surface in FIG. 1) of the four outer peripheral surfaces are in surface contact with a pair of adjacent first diagonal members 31. It is fixed to the first diagonal member 31 by the tool 7 (see FIG. 3). Further, in a state where the other pair of facing surfaces of the stiffener 5 (the upper right surface and the lower left surface in FIG. 1) are in surface contact with the pair of adjacent second diagonal members 32, the second is provided by the fixture 7. It is fixed to the diagonal member 32. The number and arrangement of the fixtures 7 when fixing the stiffeners 5 to the diagonal members 31 and 32 are not limited, and may be appropriately determined. Further, the stiffener 5 arranged around the outer periphery of the bearing wall 1 is fixed to the frame material 4 by a fixture in a state of being in surface contact with the frame material 4. The stiffener 5 may be fixed to the grid 3, and does not necessarily have to be fixed to the frame 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the stiffener 5 is formed of an orthogonal laminated wood in which a plurality of wooden constituent members are laminated so that the fibers are orthogonal to each other, and the fibers of one fiber ground plate (lamina) are formed. The fibers of the other glulam (lamina) are arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the first diagonal member 31 and substantially parallel to the second diagonal member 32. The fixture 7 is fixed to the stiffener 5 so as to be orthogonal to the fibers of the stiffener 5. It is desirable to use a fixture 7 having a high pull-out strength, and in the present embodiment, a full-thread type long screw (screw) is used. The material constituting the fixture 7 is not limited, and may be, for example, a bolt or a half-screw type long screw.

As described above, according to the bearing wall 1 of the first embodiment, since the steel plate members (diagonal members 31, 32) are provided diagonally by flat use, the lattice 3 serves as a brace that bears both compressive and tensile loads. Function. Further, since the wooden stiffener 5 is arranged in the opening 33 of the grid 3 and the grid 3 and the stiffener 5 are fixed by a fixture 7 such as a screw or a bolt, the lattice 3 buckles. It is suppressed.
Further, since a ductile wooden member is used as the stiffener 5, even if the bearing wall 1 is deformed between layers and excessive stress is applied to the stiffener 5, it breaks brittlely. It is possible to provide toughness to the bearing wall 1 without doing so. Although wood has a relatively small specific gravity (for example, about 1/3 of glass), it is ductile to compressive stress and bending stress, and is brittle and difficult to break. Further, by using wood as the stiffener 5, it can be expected that carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions will be reduced. Since the stiffener 5 is made of wood, even if a dimensional error occurs during the production of the grid 3 or the stiffener 5, it can be corrected relatively easily. Further, since the orthogonal laminated wood is used as the stiffener, the difference in rigidity and strength in the two intersecting directions is small, and the stiffening effect is unlikely to be directional.

Further, since the stiffener 5 is directly fixed to the lattice 3 by the fixture 7, no sash, joint material, or the like is required. Therefore, the number of members is small, which is economical and requires less labor during construction.
Further, since the stiffener 5 is fastened to the lattice 3 by the fixture 7, it can resist the tensile force. Therefore, when the stiffener 5 is fixed only on one surface side of the diagonal members 31 and 32, the force of buckling the stiffener 5 on the opposite side to the surface on which the stiffener 5 is fixed is applied to the diagonal members 31 and 32. Even when it acts, buckling can be suppressed by the tensile resistance force of the stiffener 5 via the fixture 7. Since the fixture is fixed so as to be orthogonal to the fiber, the strength and integrity of the joint portion (separation resistance due to the tightening force of screws and bolts) are increased, and the stiffener is less likely to be damaged by the fixture.

<Second embodiment>
In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a beam-column frame composed of columns 21 and 21 erected on the left and right and beams 22 and 22 laid vertically above and below these columns 21 and 21. The bearing wall 1 arranged in the inner space of 2 will be described. The load-bearing wall 1 includes a lattice 3 in which a plurality of openings 33 are formed by intersecting diagonal members 31 and 32, a frame member 4 surrounding the lattice 3, and stiffening arranged in the openings 33 of the lattice 3. It is provided with a material 5. Since the details of the frame material 4 are the same as those of the frame material 4 of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The lattice 3 is formed by combining a first diagonal member 31 arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the beam 22 and a second diagonal member 32 arranged at an angle of 135 ° with respect to the beam 22. Has been done. That is, the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are orthogonal to each other. The inclination angles of the first oblique member 31 and the second oblique member 32 are not limited and may be appropriately determined. The first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are made of plate-shaped steel material (so-called flat bar), and a plurality of the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are arranged side by side at equal intervals. The diagonal members 31 and 32 are arranged so that the plate surface faces the inner peripheral surface of the beam column frame 2. That is, the adjacent first diagonal members 31 or the adjacent second diagonal members 32 are arranged at intervals with the plate surfaces facing each other. As shown in FIG. 5, the first diagonal member 31 has a length of 1, 3, or 4 times the distance between the second diagonal members 32, and both ends of the first diagonal member 31 are frame members. It is fixed (welded) to 4. On the other hand, the second diagonal member 32 has the same length as the distance between the first diagonal members 31, and both ends of the second diagonal member 32 are fixed (welded) to the first diagonal member 31. Both ends of the second diagonal member 32 whose plate surface faces the corner of the bearing wall 1 are fixed to the first diagonal member 31 and the frame member 4. Further, the end portion of the second diagonal member 32 facing the other frame member 4 on the frame member 4 side is fixed to the first diagonal member 31 and the frame member 4. The configurations of the first diagonal member 31 and the second diagonal member 32 are not limited.

As shown in FIG. 4, the stiffener 5 has a frame shape by combining a plurality of wooden plate members (frame constituent plate members 51), and is arranged in each opening 33. That is, the diagonal members 31 and 32 are sandwiched from above and below by the stiffener 5. The end of the frame constituent board 51 is processed obliquely at 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the frame constituent board 51. A frame-shaped stiffener 5 having an internal angle of 90 ° is formed by joining the four frame-constituting plate members 51 in a state where the wood ends are butted against each other. The angle of the wood end of the frame constituent board 51 is not limited, and the internal angle when the wood ends are butted against each other is the internal angle of the opening of the lattice 3 (the angle at which the diagonal members 31 and 32 intersect). The angles should be the same. Further, the wood ends of the frame constituent board 51 do not necessarily have to be in contact with each other, and may have a gap. Further, the frame constituent plate members 51 do not necessarily have to be fixed to each other. The frame constituent plate member 51 is fixed to the diagonal members 31 and 32 via the fixture 7 in a state of being in surface contact with the plate surfaces of the diagonal members 31 and 32. The frame constituent plate member 51 is arranged so that the axial direction of the diagonal members 31 and 32 in surface contact and the fiber direction are substantially parallel to each other. The fiber direction of the frame constituent plate 51 does not necessarily have to be parallel to the diagonal members 31 and 32. As shown in FIG. 6, the upper and lower frame constituent plate members 51 sandwiching the same diagonal members 31 and 32 are fixed by the same fixture 7. The fixture 7 is orthogonal to the fibers of the frame constituent plate member 51. It is desirable to use a fixture 7 having a high pull-out strength, and in this embodiment, a bolt is used. The material constituting the fixture 7 is not limited, and may be, for example, a half-screw type long screw or a full-screw type long screw (screw). Further, the frame constituent plate members 51 arranged above and below the diagonal members 31 and 32 do not necessarily have to be fixed by the same fixture 7, and may be individually fixed to the diagonal members 31 and 32.

As described above, according to the bearing wall 1 of the second embodiment, since the steel plate members (diagonal members 31, 32) are provided diagonally by flat use, the lattice 3 serves as a brace that bears both compressive and tensile loads. Function. Further, since the wooden stiffener 5 is arranged in the opening 33 of the grid 3 and the grid 3 and the stiffener 5 are fixed by a fixture 7 such as a screw or a bolt, the lattice 3 buckles. It is suppressed.
Further, since a ductile wooden member is used as the stiffener 5, even if the bearing wall 1 is deformed between layers and excessive stress is applied to the stiffener 5, it breaks brittlely. It is possible to provide toughness to the bearing wall 1 without doing so. Further, since the stiffener 5 is made of wood, even if a dimensional error occurs when the lattice 3 or the stiffener 5 is manufactured, it can be corrected relatively easily. Further, by forming the stiffener 5 from wood, it is possible to reduce carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions.

Further, since the stiffener 5 is directly fixed to the lattice 3 by the fixture 7, no sash, joint material, or the like is required. Therefore, the number of members is small, which is economical and requires less labor during construction.
Further, since the stiffener 5 is a wood whose fiber direction is parallel to the diagonal members 31 and 32 and is fixed in a state where the diagonal members 31 and 32 are sandwiched, the stiffener 5 can be sandwiched from the weak axis direction of the diagonal members. The buckling of the diagonal members 31 and 32 can be effectively suppressed.
The frame-constituting plate members 51 can form a frame-shaped stiffener 5 having excellent force transmission because there is no difference in composition or strength due to a difference in fiber direction on the end surface of the wood. Therefore, the buckling of the lattice 3 (diagonal members 31, 32) can be effectively suppressed, and the joint portion between the frame constituent plate members 51 is suppressed to be a weak portion.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the design of each component can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The bearing wall 1 may be attached to the existing beam column frame 2 by post-construction, or may be installed in a new building.
Further, the bearing wall 1 may directly fix the frame member 4 to the beam column frame 2.
The angles and spacings of the diagonal members 31 and 32 constituting the lattice 3 are not limited and may be appropriately determined.
Further, by adjusting the plate thickness of the stiffener 5 and selecting the material (type of wood) constituting the stiffener 5, the proof stress and rigidity required for the bearing wall 1 are set. May be good.
The material constituting the stiffener 5 is not limited to the orthogonal laminated wood, and for example, solid wood, laminated wood, and single plate laminated material may be used. Further, the stiffener 5 does not necessarily have to be fixed to the diagonal member by a fixture orthogonal to the fiber, and is fixed to the diagonal member by, for example, a fixture 7 inclined with respect to the fiber or a fixture 7 parallel to the fiber. You may.
Further, the shape of the stiffener 5 is not limited to that shown in each of the above-described embodiments. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the shape of the stiffener 5 is triangular so as to shield the lower half of the opening 33 of the lattice 3. It may be. The triangular stiffener 5 may be provided so as to shield the upper half and the horizontal half of the opening 33.

1 Load-bearing wall 2 Beam column frame 21 Pillar 22 Beam 23 Anchor 3 Lattice 31 First diagonal material 32 Second diagonal material 33 Opening 4 Frame material 41 Vertical material 42 Horizontal material 43 Anchor 5 Stiffening material 6 Filler 7 Fixture

Claims (4)

A grid with multiple openings formed by intersecting diagonal members,
A bearing wall comprising a frame material surrounding the lattice.
The diagonal member is made of plate-shaped steel.
A bearing wall, characterized in that at least a part of the plurality of openings is provided with a wooden stiffener that comes into surface contact with the diagonal member. The bearing wall according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral shape of the stiffener has the same shape as the peripheral shape of the opening. The bearing wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stiffener is made of orthogonal laminated wood. The bearing wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stiffener is wood whose fiber direction is parallel to that of the diagonal member, and is fixed in a state of sandwiching the diagonal member.

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