JP2020134128A - Coolant system facility and controller of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To control a degree of vacuum of a condenser without using an expensive measuring instrument.SOLUTION: The invention relates to a controller 100 of a coolant system facility 30 which cools steam exhausted from a steam turbine 10 of a steam power generation facility 1, such as a fire power or biomass power generation facility, to a condenser 20. The coolant system facility 30 includes: a circulation pump 45 for circulating a coolant which cools the steam exhausted to the condenser 20; and a cooling tower 31 which has a cooling fan 41 which dissipates heat and cools the return coolant that has conducted heat exchange with the steam in the condenser 20. The controller 100 has a first control part 110. The first control part 110 performs feed-back control of a rotation number of one of two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump 45 and the cooling fan 41 so that a device internal temperature of the condenser 20 corresponds with a target device internal temperature.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a technique for controlling cooling water system equipment.

In order to reduce CO2 to prevent global warming and improve the energy self-sufficiency rate to realize a sustainable society, expansion of woody biomass power generation is expected in Japan, which has abundant renewable energy, especially forest resources. In order to make effective use of domestic forest resources, it is effective to install small woody biomass power generation for local production for local consumption in the inland area, considering the transportation cost of forest resources as fuel. In inland-type steam power generation facilities, the "cooling tower method" is widely used as a cooling method for cooling water system equipment for returning steam that has finished work in a steam turbine to water with a condenser.

In order to maintain the power generation efficiency of the steam turbine, it is necessary to maintain the degree of vacuum of the condenser. The following Patent Document 1 has the following description regarding the control of the degree of vacuum of the condenser. A pressure transmitter is provided on the condenser to detect the degree of vacuum in the condenser. Then, the water temperature at the inlet of the condenser is obtained so that the degree of vacuum becomes the specified degree of vacuum, and the number of operating fans is selected so as to match it.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-22998

When the "cooling tower method" is used for the cooling water system equipment, the cooling capacity of the cooling tower changes greatly depending on the atmospheric conditions. Therefore, in the high temperature zone, the cooling water temperature rises and the degree of vacuum of the condenser deteriorates, so that the steam turbine efficiency decreases. On the contrary, in the low temperature zone, the cooling water temperature becomes supercooled and the degree of vacuum becomes too high, which may cause vibration of the steam turbine.

In order to control the vacuum value of the condenser with high accuracy, it is necessary to measure the absolute pressure inside the condenser, and an absolute pressure vacuum gauge is required. In general small power generation equipment, a gauge pressure pressure gauge is installed to monitor the condition of the water return device, so in order to measure the vacuum value (absolute pressure), should it be replaced with an expensive absolute pressure pressure gauge? , It is necessary to add an atmospheric pressure gauge to correct the vacuum value (gauge pressure) measured by the gauge pressure vacuum gauge, both of which are expensive.

An object of the present invention is to control the degree of vacuum of a condenser without using an absolute pressure gauge or an atmospheric pressure gauge.

A control device for cooling water system equipment that cools the steam exhausted from the steam turbine of steam power generation equipment such as thermal power and biomass to the condenser, and the cooling water system equipment is the steam exhausted to the condenser. The control device includes a circulation pump that circulates cooling water for cooling the cooling water, and a cooling tower that has a cooling fan that dissipates heat and cools the return cooling water that has exchanged heat with steam in the condenser. It has a first control unit, and the first control unit sets a target temperature of cooling water at the inlet of the condenser so that the temperature inside the condenser matches the temperature inside the condenser, and the condenser The rotation speed of one of the two auxiliary machines, the circulation pump and the cooling fan, is feedback-controlled so that the temperature of the inlet cooling water matches the set target temperature.

A control device for cooling water system equipment that cools the steam exhausted from the steam turbine of steam power generation equipment such as thermal power and biomass to the condenser, and the cooling water system equipment is the steam exhausted to the condenser. The control device includes a circulation pump that circulates cooling water for cooling the cooling water, and a cooling tower that has a cooling fan that dissipates heat and cools the return cooling water that has exchanged heat with steam in the condenser. It has a first control unit, and the first control unit has one of two auxiliary machines, the circulation pump and the cooling fan, so that the internal temperature of the condenser matches the target internal temperature. The rotation speed of one of the auxiliary machines is controlled by feedback.

The inside of the condenser is saturated steam, and the inside pressure of the condenser (= condenser vacuum (absolute pressure)) and the inside temperature of the condenser (= exhaust temperature) are 1 in a stable operating state. It becomes one-on-one. With the above configuration, the vacuum of the condenser can be controlled to a desired state without using an expensive instrument such as an absolute pressure gauge or an atmospheric pressure gauge.

As an embodiment of the control device, the following configuration may be used.
The first control unit includes a first calculation unit that calculates a target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature based on a deviation of the condenser internal temperature with respect to a target internal temperature, and the circulation pump and the above. The control command value of the rotation speed for one of the two auxiliary machines of the cooling fan to be feedback-controlled is based on the deviation of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature with respect to the target temperature calculated by the first calculation unit. A second calculation unit for calculating the temperature may be provided. In this configuration, the first control unit can be composed of two calculation units.

As an embodiment of the control device, the following configuration may be used.
The control device includes the first control unit and the second control unit, and the second control unit determines the rotation speed of the other auxiliary machine among the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan. , Program control is performed based on a cooling index indicating the cooling capacity of the cooling tower.

If the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan are feedback-controlled at the same time with the same control target (condenser vacuum value), they interfere with each other, and there is a concern about control disturbance. In this configuration, since one auxiliary machine is feedback-controlled and the other auxiliary machine is program-controlled, it is possible to suppress interference between the two controls. In addition, the other auxiliary machine can be operated according to the cooling capacity of the cooling tower by performing program control using the cooling index indicating the cooling capacity of the cooling tower, and the power of the cooling water system equipment can be reduced. Can be done.

As an embodiment of the control device, the following configuration may be used.
The second control unit includes a third calculation unit that calculates a cooling index indicating the cooling capacity of the cooling tower based on the cooling water temperature at the inlet of the cooling tower and the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere, and the circulation pump and the cooling fan. It is provided with a fourth calculation unit that calculates a control command value of the rotation speed for the other auxiliary machine that is program-controlled among the two auxiliary machines based on the cooling index calculated by the third calculation unit. In this configuration, the second control unit can be composed of two calculation units.

As an embodiment of the control device, the following configuration may be used.
The cooling index is a value obtained by subtracting the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere from the cooling water temperature at the inlet of the cooling tower, and the third calculation unit may be a diffifier for subtracting the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere from the cooling water temperature at the cooling tower inlet. The cooling capacity of the cooling tower increases almost in proportion to the difference between the return cooling water, which is the object of lowering the temperature, and the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere, which is the vaporization destination. With this configuration, the cooling index can be calculated by a simple calculation.

As an embodiment of the control device, the following configuration may be used.
It has a setting unit for increasing / decreasing the set temperature of the cooling tower inlet cooling water temperature, and the third calculation unit may subtract the atmospheric wet-bulb temperature from the cooling tower inlet cooling water temperature output from the setting unit. .. By increasing or decreasing the set temperature of the cooling water temperature at the inlet of the cooling tower, the sharing ratio between the circulation pump and the cooling fan can be adjusted.

As an embodiment of the control device, the following configuration may be used.
In the second control unit, the rotation speed of the other auxiliary machine among the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan is determined corresponding to the cooling index representing the cooling capacity of the cooling tower, respectively. Program control may be performed to the number of revolutions that minimizes the total power of the two auxiliary machines. According to this configuration, the total power of the two auxiliary machines can be minimized.

As an embodiment of the control device, the following configuration may be used.
An adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature inside the target condenser of the condenser may be provided. According to this configuration, the operator can arbitrarily change the target internal temperature of the condenser. This makes it possible, for example, to perform operation in which economic efficiency is prioritized over turbine efficiency.

This technology can be applied to the control method of cooling water system equipment. It can also be applied to cooling water system equipment.

The degree of vacuum of the condenser can be controlled without using an absolute pressure gauge or an atmospheric pressure gauge.

Block diagram of the cooling water system equipment in the first embodiment Block diagram of the first control unit Block diagram of the cooling water system equipment in the second embodiment Block diagram of the first control unit and the second control unit The figure which shows the relationship between a cooling index and a cooling fan rotation speed The figure which shows the relationship between a cooling index and a cooling fan rotation speed Graph showing the relationship between relative humidity and dry-bulb temperature difference with respect to dry-bulb temperature Chart of linear and constant terms for wet-bulb temperature when first-order approximated A graph showing the relationship between the dry-bulb temperature and the linear term, and the relationship between the dry-bulb temperature and the constant term. Block diagram of the 5th calculation unit Block diagram of the first control unit and the second control unit in the third embodiment Block diagram of the first control unit and the second control unit in the fourth embodiment The figure which shows the relationship between the cooling index and the rotation speed command value of a circulation pump. Diagram showing the relationship between the cooling index and the command value for the number of cooling fans Block diagram of the first control unit in the fifth embodiment Block diagram of the first control unit in the sixth embodiment The figure which shows the relationship between the cooling index and the product of a cooling index and a cooling fan rotation speed in Embodiment 7. The figure which shows the relationship between a cooling index and a cooling fan rotation speed 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the product of the cooling index and the rotation speed of the cooling fan and the cooling index in the eighth embodiment. Diagram showing the calculation result of total power Diagram showing the data held as a program Diagram showing the relationship between the cooling index and the total power of auxiliary equipment Block diagram of the cooling water system equipment in the ninth embodiment

<Embodiment 1>
1. 1. Configuration of Cooling Water System Equipment FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of cooling water system equipment 30 for cooling the condenser 20 of the steam power generation equipment 1. The steam power generation facility 1 is, for example, a small biomass power generation facility having a rated output of about 7,000 [kW].

The steam power generation facility 1 includes a boiler (not shown) that generates steam, a steam turbine 10, a condenser 20, and a cooling water system facility 30 that supplies cooling water to the condenser 20.

The steam discharged from the steam turbine 10 into the condenser 20 exchanges heat with the cooling water flowing through the condenser 20 and returns to water, so that the inside of the condenser 20 is maintained in a vacuum. .. By maintaining the vacuum of the condenser 20, the rotation of the steam turbine 10 is stabilized, and the power generation efficiency can be maintained.

The condenser 20 has an internal thermometer 21 and a condenser vacuum gauge 22. The internal thermometer 21 measures the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20, that is, the exhaust steam temperature in the condenser. The condenser vacuum gauge 22 measures the degree of vacuum of the condenser 20. The degree of vacuum measured by the condenser vacuum gauge 22 is a gauge pressure (pressure measured with reference to atmospheric pressure).

The cooling water system equipment 30 includes a cooling tower 31, an outward pipe 32, a return pipe 33, an on-off valve 49, a cooling fan 41 and a circulation pump 45 as two auxiliary machines.

The cooling water is supplied from the cooling tower 31 to the condenser 20 through the outbound pipe 32. The return cooling water that has exchanged heat with steam in the condenser 20 returns from the condenser 20 to the cooling tower 31 through the return pipe 33.

The return cooling water that has returned to the cooling tower 31 is showered in the cooling tower so that it can be easily vaporized, and heat exchanges with the atmosphere to partially evaporate. The return cooling water is cooled by releasing the heat of vaporization generated by the evaporation of water to the outside air. At that time, in order to promote the evaporation of water, the cooling tower 31 has a cooling fan 41 that dissipates heat.

The rotation speed of the drive motor 42 that drives the cooling fan 41 can be controlled by a VVVF (variable voltage variable frequency control device) 43. The air volume of the cooling fan 41 can be arbitrarily adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the drive motor 42.

The circulation pump 45 is located in the outbound pipe 32. The rotation speed of the drive motor 46 that drives the circulation pump 45 can be controlled by the VVVF 47. The cooling water flow rate F can be arbitrarily adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the drive motor 46.

The cooling tower 31 is provided with an atmospheric thermometer 51 and a relative hygrometer 52. The atmospheric thermometer 51 is a dry-bulb thermometer, which measures the dry-bulb temperature Ta of the atmosphere, and the relative hygrometer 52 measures the relative humidity x.

A water temperature gauge 53 is provided at the inlet of the condenser 20 in the outbound pipe 32. The water temperature gauge 53 measures the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2. The measured values of each of these instruments are input to the control device 100A described below.

2. 2. Vacuum degree control of condenser The cooling water system equipment 30 includes a control device 100A. The control device 100A has a first control unit 110. The first control unit 110 sets the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature corresponding to the target vacuum value. For example, the target internal temperature is 39 ° C., which corresponds to a vacuum value of 7 kPa (absolute pressure) that maximizes turbine efficiency. The first control unit 110 sets the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 coincides with the target internal temperature 39 ° C. Then, the cooling fan 41 is feedback-controlled so that the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 matches the set target temperature. That is, the air volume of the cooling fan 41 is controlled via the drive motor 42. In this example, the cooling water flow rate F by the circulation pump 45 is constant.

The inside of the condenser 20 is saturated steam, and the pressure inside the condenser (= condenser vacuum (absolute pressure)) and the inside temperature T1 (= exhaust steam temperature) of the condenser are stable operation. In the state (during steady operation), there is a one-to-one relationship. Therefore, by performing the above feedback control, the degree of vacuum of the condenser 20 can be maintained at the target value.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the first control unit 110. The first control unit 110 has a first calculation unit 120 and a second calculation unit 130.

The first calculation unit 120 calculates the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 based on the deviation of the condenser 20 internal temperature T1 from the target internal temperature.

The first calculation unit 120 can be composed of, for example, a signal generator 121, a diffifier 122, a proportional integrator 123, a manual input device 124, a memory 125, and a switch 127.

The signal generator 121 outputs the target internal temperature, which is the target value of the internal temperature T1. The difference device 122 calculates the deviation of the internal temperature T1 from the target internal temperature output from the signal generator 121 and the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 measured by the internal thermometer 21 with respect to the target internal temperature. To do. The proportional integrator 123 generates a target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 based on the deviation output by the diffifier 122. Specifically, the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 is generated from the correction value proportional to the deviation and the correction value obtained by integrating the deviation.

The manual input device 124, the memory 125, and the switch 127 are additionally provided for the operator to manually set the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2. The memory 125 stores the target temperature input by the manual input device 124.

The switch 127 is provided for switching to the second calculation unit 130 whether to output the target temperature input by the manual input device 124 or the target temperature calculated by the proportional integrator 123. The manual input device 124, the memory 125, and the switch 127 may not be provided.

The second calculation unit 130 gives a feedback control signal to the cooling fan 41, that is, a rotation speed command value (control command) based on the deviation of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 with respect to the target temperature calculated by the first calculation unit 120. Value) is calculated.

The second calculation unit 130 can be composed of, for example, a diffifier 131 and a proportional integrator 133. The condenser 131 is a condenser inlet with respect to the target temperature from the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 calculated by the first calculation unit 120 and the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 measured by the water temperature gauge 53. The deviation of the cooling water temperature T2 is calculated. The proportional integrator 133 generates a feedback control signal for the cooling fan 41 based on the deviation output by the diffifier 131. Specifically, a feedback control signal, that is, a rotation speed command value (control command value) is generated from a correction value proportional to the deviation and a correction value obtained by integrating the deviation. The generated rotation speed command value is output to the VVVF43.

By adjusting the air volume of the cooling fan 41 with the VVVF43 based on the feedback control signal output from the second calculation unit 130, the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 can be matched with the target internal temperature.

3. 3. Explanation of effect According to this embodiment, the degree of vacuum of the condenser 20 can be controlled without using an expensive instrument such as an absolute pressure gauge or an atmospheric pressure gauge.

<Embodiment 2>
1. 1. Description of control device 100B If the cooling fan 41 and the circulation pump 45 are simultaneously controlled by the same control target (condenser inlet cooling water temperature), they may interfere with each other and disturb the control.

In the second embodiment, one of the cooling fan 41 and the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled and the other device is program-controlled.

Hereinafter, the control device 100B of the cooling water system equipment 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 100B includes a first control unit 110 and a second control unit 150.

The first control unit 110 feedback-controls the rotation speed of the circulation pump 45 so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature. The first control unit 110 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and has a first calculation unit 120 and a second calculation unit 130.

The first calculation unit 120 calculates the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 based on the deviation of the condenser 20 internal temperature T1 from the target internal temperature. The second calculation unit 130 is a feedback control signal of the circulation pump 45, that is, a rotation speed command value (control command) based on the deviation of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 with respect to the target temperature calculated by the first calculation unit 120. Value) is calculated.

By adjusting the rotation speed of the circulation pump 45, that is, adjusting the cooling water flow rate F based on the rotation speed command value output from the second calculation unit 130, the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 is set in the target unit. It can be matched to the temperature.

The second control unit 150 programmatically controls the cooling fan 41 based on the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31. The second control unit 150 includes a third calculation unit 160, a fourth calculation unit 170, and a fifth calculation unit 180.

The fifth calculation unit 180 is a circuit that calculates the wet-bulb temperature Tb of the atmosphere from the dry-bulb temperature Ta of the atmosphere and the relative humidity x. The detailed circuit of the fifth calculation unit 180 will be described later.

As shown in the equation (1), the third calculation unit 160 subtracts the wet-bulb temperature Tb of the atmosphere from the cooling tower inlet cooling water temperature Tw (return cooling water temperature) to calculate the cooling index ΔTq. The third calculation unit 160 can be configured by, for example, a diff.

ΔTq = Tw-Tb (1)

The cooling tower inlet cooling water temperature Tw (return cooling water temperature) is preferably an actual measurement value by a thermometer, but is not limited to the actual measurement value and may be a predicted value. The reason is as follows.

When the steam power generation facility 1 is at the rated output, the amount of heat exhausted from the steam turbine is constant. In order to control the internal temperature (vacuum) of the condenser 20 to be constant under the condition that the amount of heat exhausted from the steam turbine is constant, it is necessary to control the heat exchange amount Q of the condenser 20 to be constant. The heat exchange amount Q of the condenser 20 is proportional to the product of the condenser inlet / outlet cooling water temperature difference ΔT ₃₂ (difference between the outlet cooling water temperature T3 and the inlet cooling water temperature T2) and the cooling water flow rate F.

When the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 is controlled to be constant, the condenser outlet cooling water temperature T3 is substantially constant. For example, when the internal temperature T1 is 39 ° C., the condenser outlet cooling water temperature T3 is approximately 36 ° C.

From the above, when the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 is controlled to be constant under the condition that the amount of heat exhausted from the steam turbine is constant, the condenser outlet cooling water temperature T3 is two temperatures from the internal temperature T1. It is the value obtained by subtracting the temperature difference ΔT ₁₃ of T1 and T3. Therefore, for the cooling water temperature Tw at the inlet of the cooling tower, a predicted value obtained by subtracting the temperature difference ΔT ₁₃ from the internal temperature T1 may be used instead of the measured value. It should be noted that ΔT ₁₃ = T1-T3, T3≈Tw.

By the way, in the cooling tower 31, the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower (return cooling water) is vaporized to take away the heat of vaporization and lower the cooling water temperature. The larger the difference between the cooling tower inlet cooling water (return cooling water), which is the target for lowering the temperature, and the wet-bulb temperature Tb of the atmosphere, which is the vaporization destination, the easier it is to vaporize, and the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31 is improved.

Therefore, as shown in equation (1), the value obtained by subtracting the wet-bulb temperature Tb from the cooling tower inlet cooling water temperature Tw (return cooling water temperature) is defined as the cooling index ΔTq to cool the cooling tower 31. Identify abilities.

FIG. 5 shows the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41 with respect to the cooling index ΔTq when the cooling water flow rate F is constant and the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 is controlled to be constant.

As described above, when the steam power generation facility 1 is operating at a constant rated output and the internal temperature T1 (vacuum) of the condenser 20 is controlled to be constant under the condition that the amount of heat exhausted from the steam turbine is constant. The condenser outlet cooling water temperature T3 is substantially constant, and the product of the condenser inlet / outlet cooling water temperature difference ΔT ₃₂ and the cooling water flow rate F ΔT ₃₂ × F is constant. Therefore, the lower the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2, the higher the condenser inlet / outlet cooling water temperature difference ΔT _32, and the smaller the cooling water flow rate F may be.

The larger the cooling index ΔTq, the higher the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31, so the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 can be lowered, and even if the cooling water flow rate F is reduced, the condenser 20 internal temperature T1 Can be controlled constantly.

On the contrary, when the cooling index ΔTq becomes small, the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31 decreases, so that the cooling water temperature T2 at the inlet of the condenser becomes high, and the inside of the condenser 20 must be increased unless the cooling water flow rate F is increased. The temperature T1 cannot be controlled constantly.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a correlation curve Lv showing the relationship between the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 and the cooling index ΔTq. The correlation curve Lv determines the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 from the minimum rotation to the rated rotation speed (100%), and the larger the cooling index ΔTq (the higher the cooling capacity), the higher the rotation speed command value. It can be made smaller.

In this example, at the maximum flow rate F1 of the cooling water, the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 is set to 100% at the cooling index ΔTq1 that maximizes the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41. Further, when the minimum flow rate of the cooling water is F4 and the cooling index ΔTq2 which minimizes the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41, the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 is set to the minimum rotation speed.

The fourth calculation unit 170 holds a program for calculating the rotation speed command value N of the cooling fan 41 with respect to the cooling index ΔTq from the correlation curve Lv. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the cooling index ΔTq is “A”, a program for calculating the rotation speed command value Na is held by a memory or the like. The fourth calculation unit 170 calculates the rotation speed command value N of the cooling fan 41 from the cooling index ΔTq calculated by the third calculation unit 160 according to the program to be held (program control).

By adjusting the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41 based on the rotation speed command value N output from the fourth calculation unit 170, the cooling fan 41 can be controlled according to the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31. That is, when the cooling capacity is high, the power of the cooling water system equipment 30 can be reduced by reducing the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41.

2. 2. Calculation Principle of Wet-bulb Temperature Tb FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the relative humidity x and the dry-bulb temperature difference ΔTab with respect to the dry-bulb temperature Ta. ℃]. The dry-wet-bulb temperature difference ΔTab is a value obtained by subtracting the wet-bulb temperature Tb from the dry-bulb temperature Ta.

ΔTab = Ta-Tb ... (2)

L1 to L7 shown in FIG. 7 are approximate straight lines showing the relationship between the relative humidity x and the dry-wet-bulb temperature difference ΔTab for each dry-bulb temperature of 5 ° C. to 35 ° C. Each approximate straight line L1 to L7 can be represented by the following linear approximation formula.

ΔTab = Px + Q ... (3) Equation P is the linear term (slope of a straight line) of the approximate straight line L, Q is the constant term of the approximate straight line, and x is the relative humidity.

From the equations (2) and (3), the wet-bulb temperature Tb can be calculated by the following equation (4).
Tb = Ta-ΔTab = Ta- (Px + Q) ... (4)

FIG. 8 is a chart summarizing the primary term P and the constant term Q of the linear approximate expression ΔTab for each dry-bulb temperature Ta. The primary term P is a negative value, and the magnitude (absolute value) increases as the dry-bulb temperature increases. Further, the constant term Q is a positive value, and the magnitude (absolute value) becomes smaller as the dry-bulb temperature is higher.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the dry-bulb temperature Ta and the primary term P and the relationship between the dry-bulb temperature Ta and the constant term Q. The horizontal axis is the dry-bulb temperature Ta [° C.], and the right vertical axis is the primary term P [ ° C /%], the left vertical axis is the constant term Q [° C].

Lp shown in FIG. 9 is an approximate straight line showing the relationship between the dry-bulb temperature Ta and the primary term P, and Lq is an approximate straight line showing the relationship between the dry-bulb temperature Ta and the constant term Q. The equation (5) shows the first-order approximate straight line Lp by a mathematical formula, and the equation (6) shows the first-order approximate straight line Lq by an equation.

P = -0.0034Ta-0.05 ... (5)
Q = 0.3398Ta + 4.9253 ... (6)
P is a primary term, Q is a constant term, and Ta is a dry-bulb temperature.

Using the approximate straight line Lp shown in FIG. 9, the linear term P of Eq. (3) can be obtained. Further, the constant term Q of Eq. (3) can be obtained by using the approximate straight line Lq shown in FIG.

The calculation example of the wet-bulb temperature Tb using the equation (4) is shown below.
When the dry-bulb temperature Ta is 25 ° C. and the relative humidity x is 54%, the primary term P and the constant term Q corresponding to the dry-bulb temperature Ta can be obtained from the equations (5) and (6).

P = -0.0034 x 25-0.05 = -0.135
Q = 0.3398 × 25 + 4.9253 = 13.4203

Then, the wet-bulb temperature Tb can be calculated by substituting the obtained primary term P, constant term Q, dry-bulb temperature Ta, and relative humidity x into equation (4).
Tb = 25- (−0.135 × 54 + 13.4203) = 18.8697 ° C.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a fifth calculation unit 180 that calculates the wet-bulb temperature Tb. The fifth calculation unit 180 includes a primary term calculation unit 181, a constant term calculation unit 183, a temperature difference calculation unit 185, and a difference device 187.

The primary term calculation unit 181 calculates the primary term P from the measured value of the dry-bulb temperature Ta of the atmosphere by the atmospheric thermometer 51. The linear term calculation unit 181 can be composed of, for example, a proportional device 181a, a difference device 181b, and a signal generator 181c. The proportional device 181a outputs an output proportional to the dry-bulb temperature Ta. The proportionality constant is the proportionality constant of the approximate expression of (5), that is, −0.0034. The signal generator 181c outputs a constant. The constant is the constant of the approximate expression of (5), that is, 0.05. The difference device 181b subtracts the output of the signal generator 181c from the output of the proportional device 181a, and outputs the result as the primary term P.

The constant term calculation unit 183 calculates the constant term Q from the measured value of the dry-bulb temperature Ta of the atmosphere by the atmospheric thermometer 51. The constant term calculation unit 183 can be composed of, for example, a proportional device 183a, an adder 183b, and a signal generator 183c. The proportional device 183a outputs an output proportional to the dry-bulb temperature Ta. The proportionality constant is the proportionality constant of the approximate expression of (6), that is, 0.3398. The signal generator 183c outputs a constant. The constant is the constant of the approximate expression of (6), that is, 4.9253. The adder 183b adds the output of the signal generator 183c to the output of the proportional device 183a, and outputs the result as a constant term Q.

The temperature difference calculation unit 185 is based on the measured value of the relative humidity x by the relative humidity meter 52, the primary term P calculated by the linear term calculation unit 181 and the constant term Q calculated by the constant term calculation unit 183. Calculate the difference ΔTab. The temperature difference calculation unit 185 can be composed of, for example, a multiplier 185a and an adder 185b. The multiplier 185a multiplies the relative humidity x by the linear term P calculated by the linear term calculation unit 181 and outputs the multiplier. The adder 185b adds the constant term Q calculated by the constant term calculation unit 183 to the output of the multiplier 185a to calculate the wet / wet temperature difference ΔTab.

The difference device 187 calculates the wet-bulb temperature Tb of the atmosphere by subtracting the dry-bulb temperature difference ΔTab calculated by the temperature difference calculation unit 185 from the measured value of the dry-bulb temperature Ta of the atmosphere by the atmospheric thermometer 51.

3. 3. Explanation of effect In this configuration, the cooling fan 41 is program-controlled and the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled, so that interference between the two controls can be suppressed. Further, the cooling fan 41 can be operated according to the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31 by performing program control using the cooling index ΔTq, and the power of the cooling water system equipment 30 can be reduced.

<Embodiment 3>
The third embodiment is partially different from the second embodiment in the configuration of the control device 100C for controlling the cooling water system equipment 30.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the control device 100C. The control device 100C includes a first control unit 110, a second control unit 150, and a setting unit 200 for adjusting the set temperature of the cooling tower inlet cooling water (return cooling water).

The first control unit 110 has a first calculation unit 120 and a second calculation unit 130, as in the second embodiment. The first control unit 110 feedback-controls the circulation pump 45 so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature.

The second control unit 150 includes a third calculation unit 160, a fourth calculation unit 170, and a fifth calculation unit 180, as in the second embodiment.

The fifth calculation unit 180 is a circuit that calculates the wet-bulb temperature Tb from the dry-bulb temperature Ta and the relative humidity x. The third calculation unit 160 subtracts the wet-bulb temperature Tb from the set temperature of the cooling tower inlet cooling water set by the setting unit 200 to calculate the cooling index ΔTq.

The fourth calculation unit 170 calculates the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 from the function of the correlation curve Lv of FIG. 5 based on the cooling index ΔTq calculated by the third calculation unit 160 (program control).

The setting unit 200 includes a manual input device 201 and a memory 203. The manual input device 201 can adjust the set temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower from the initial value (predicted value obtained by subtracting the temperature difference ΔT ₁₃ from the internal temperature T1). The memory 203 stores the adjusted set temperature.

By increasing or decreasing the set temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower from the initial value, the output sharing between the cooling fan 41 and the circulation pump 45 can be adjusted.

That is, when the cooling fan 41 is program-controlled and the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled, the cooling index ΔTq increases by raising the set temperature of the cooling tower inlet cooling water (return cooling water) from the initial value. As the cooling index ΔTq increases, the power of the cooling fan 41 decreases and the power of the circulation pump 45 increases.

On the other hand, by lowering the set temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower from the initial value, the cooling index ΔTq becomes smaller. As the cooling index ΔTq decreases, the power of the cooling fan 41 increases and the power of the circulation pump 45 decreases.

By adjusting the set temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower from the initial value in this way, the output sharing of the cooling fan 41 and the circulation pump 45 can be adjusted.

Therefore, by determining the output sharing so that the power of the cooling water system equipment 30 (total power of the cooling fan 41 and the circulation pump 45) is minimized, the equipment is operated so that the power of the cooling water system equipment 30 is minimized. Can be done.

<Embodiment 4>
In the second embodiment, the first control unit 110 feedback-controls the circulation pump 45 so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature, and the second control unit 150 cools the pump 45. The cooling fan 41 was programmed and controlled based on the cooling index ΔTq of the tower 31. As shown in FIG. 12, the control targets are exchanged, and the first control unit 110 feedback-controls the cooling fan 41 so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature, and the second The control unit 150 may program-control the circulation pump 45 based on the cooling index ΔTq of the cooling tower 31. FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the cooling index ΔTq and the number of times of the circulation pump when the circulation pump 45 is program-controlled.

Further, in the second embodiment, the second control unit 150 program-controlled the cooling fan 41 based on the cooling index ΔTq of the cooling tower 31. Specifically, the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41 was programmatically controlled. The number of cooling fans 41 may be programmatically controlled instead of the rotation speed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, it is preferable to program control so that the higher the cooling index ΔTq, the smaller the number of operating cooling fans 41.

In short, in the second embodiment, regarding the cooling water system equipment 30 for cooling the steam exhausted from the steam turbine 10 of the steam power generation equipment 1 to the condenser 20, the first control unit 110 of the control devices 100B and 100C Therefore, the rotation speed of one of the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump 45 and the cooling fan 41 should be reduced from the predetermined control target values such as the condenser vacuum value and the cooling tower outlet cooling water temperature. The second control unit 150 discloses a technique of program-controlling the rotation speed of the other auxiliary machine based on the cooling index ΔTq representing the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31. The feedback control may be a cascade type (Embodiment 1) or a single type (Embodiment 6) as long as the auxiliary equipment is controlled so as to reduce the deviation from the control target value.

According to this technique, one of the two auxiliary machines 41 and 45 is feedback-controlled and the other auxiliary machine is program-controlled, so that interference between the two controls can be suppressed. Further, the other auxiliary machine can be operated according to the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31 by performing program control using the cooling index ΔTq, and the power of the cooling water system equipment 30 can be reduced.

<Embodiment 5>
In the fifth embodiment, the configuration of the first control unit 110 is partially different from that of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the differences from the first embodiment will be described with the first control unit of the fifth embodiment being 110A.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the first control unit 110A. The first control unit 110A has a first calculation unit 120A and a second calculation unit 130.

The first calculation unit 120A calculates the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 based on the deviation of the condenser 20 internal temperature T1 from the target internal temperature.

The first calculation unit 120A can be composed of, for example, an adjustment unit 141, a difference device 122, a proportional integrator 123, a manual input device 124, a memory 125, and a switch 127.

The second calculation unit 130 gives a feedback control signal to the cooling fan 41, that is, a rotation speed command value (control command) based on the deviation of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature T2 with respect to the target temperature calculated by the first calculation unit 120. Value) is calculated. The generated rotation speed command value is output to the VVVF43.

The second calculation unit 130 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and can be composed of, for example, a diffifier 131 and a proportional integrator 133.

The first calculation unit 120A sets the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature, and the second calculation unit 130 restores the temperature. By feedback-controlling the rotation speed (air volume) of the cooling fan 41 so that the water vessel inlet cooling water temperature T2 matches the set target temperature, the condenser 20 internal temperature T1 becomes the target internal temperature. It can be controlled.

The first calculation unit 120A is different from the first calculation unit 120 of the first embodiment in that it has an adjustment unit 141 instead of the signal generator 121.

The adjusting unit 141 is provided to adjust the target internal temperature, which is the target value of the internal temperature T1. Specifically, the adjusting unit 141 includes a manual input device 143 and a memory 145, and the operator adjusts (changes) the target value of the internal temperature T1 by operating the manual input device 143. ) Can be done. The memory 145 is for storing the target value.

By making it possible to change the target value of the internal temperature T1 instead of setting it as a fixed value, for example, the following operations can be performed. Considering the price due to the increase / decrease in the amount of electricity sold and the amount of fuel used, set the target value of the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 so as to maximize the overall economic efficiency, and cool the cooling water according to the target value. Auxiliary equipment (cooling fan 41 in this example) of the system equipment 30 can be controlled.

By changing the target value of the internal temperature T1 from a fixed value (optimal value), the condenser vacuum value may deteriorate and the turbine efficiency may decrease. However, the power of the auxiliary machine (cooling fan in this example) of the cooling water system equipment 30 is reduced. Further, when the unit price of electricity sold is low, it is most economical to reduce the fuel consumption by setting the target value of the internal temperature T1 as a fixed value that maximizes the turbine efficiency. On the other hand, when selling electricity under the FIT system (feed-in tariff system for renewable energy) like woody biomass power generation, the unit price for selling electricity becomes expensive, so the target value of the internal temperature T1 is changed from the fixed value. Therefore, worsening the vacuum value of the condenser may improve the overall economic efficiency.

In addition, atmospheric conditions change significantly not only during the season but also during the day. There are upper and lower limits to the control range (rotation speed range) of the auxiliary machines 41 and 45 of the cooling water system equipment 30, and the upper limit is the high temperature zone in summer and daytime, and conversely, the lower limit is set in the low temperature zone in winter and nighttime. Become.

When the upper limit is reached in the daytime and the control to keep the condenser vacuum value constant at night is possible, if the condenser vacuum target value is set low (high vacuum degree), the condenser will be restored during the day and at night. The change width of the condenser vacuum value becomes large.

On the contrary, when the lower limit is reached at night and the control to keep the condenser vacuum value constant outside the lower limit during the day is possible, if the condenser vacuum target value is set high (low vacuum degree), daytime and nighttime. The range of change in the vacuum value of the condenser of is large.

Using the condenser 20's target internal temperature adjustment function, the condenser vacuum target value is set high during high temperature periods (target internal temperature: high), and the condenser vacuum target value is set during low temperature periods. By setting the temperature low (target temperature: low), the range of change in the condenser vacuum during the day is reduced, and the operating state of the steam turbine 10 is stabilized, which leads to improvement in turbine efficiency.

In this embodiment, the control target of the first control unit 110A is the cooling fan 41, but the control target may be the circulation pump 45.

<Embodiment 6>
In the first and fifth embodiments, the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water is set so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature, and the temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water is set. Cascade control was performed to feedback-control the cooling fan 41 so as to match the set target temperature.

In the sixth embodiment, the cooling fan 41 is feedback-controlled so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature. That is, the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41 is directly controlled based on the temperature deviation.

Hereinafter, the difference from the first embodiment will be described with the first control unit of the sixth embodiment being 110B.
As shown in FIG. 16, the first control unit 110B can be composed of, for example, an adjustment unit 141, a differencer 122, and a proportional integrator 123.

The adjusting unit 141 is provided to adjust the target internal temperature, which is the target value of the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20. Specifically, the adjusting unit 141 includes a manual input device 143 and a memory 145, and the target value of the internal temperature T1 can be adjusted (changed) by operating the manual input device 143. You can. The memory 145 is for storing the target value.

The diffifier 122 calculates the deviation of the internal temperature T1 from the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 measured by the internal thermometer 21 and the target internal temperature output from the adjusting unit 141 with respect to the target internal temperature. To do. The proportional integrator 123 calculates a feedback control signal for the cooling fan 41, that is, a rotation speed command value (control command value), based on the deviation output by the diffifier 122.

By adjusting the rotation speed (air volume) of the cooling fan 41 based on the feedback control signal output from the diffifier 122, the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 can be matched with the target internal temperature. In this configuration, the configuration of the first control unit 110B can be simplified as compared with the first embodiment.

In this embodiment, the control target of the first control unit 110B is the cooling fan 41, but the control target may be the circulation pump 45. Further, the signal generator 121 may be provided instead of the adjusting unit 141.

<Embodiment 7>
In the seventh embodiment, a method of calculating the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 will be described by taking as an example a case where the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled and the cooling fan 41 is program-controlled. In the following description, it is assumed that the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41 is "Frpm" and the rotation speed of the circulation pump 45 is "Prpm" to distinguish between the two rotation speeds.

When the vacuum of the condenser 20 is controlled to the target value by feedback control and the cooling water flow rate is stable at a predetermined value (the rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 is constant), the cooling index ΔTq and the cooling fan 41 First, find the relationship between the rotation speed Frpm.

FIG. 17 is a graph showing a change in the actual operation value of ΔTq × Frpm when the cooling water flow rate is stable at a predetermined value, and the horizontal axis is ΔTq and the vertical axis is ΔTq × Frpm. As is clear from FIG. 17, when the cooling water flow rate is stable at a predetermined value, the product of ΔTq and Frpm is generally constant regardless of ΔTq. The formula is as follows.

△ Tq × Frpm = constant ... (7)

Equation (7) shows that the cooling index ΔTq is suitable as an index for assuming the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31.

By obtaining the value (constant) of ΔTq × Frpm from the operation data or the cooling tower specifications, and further obtaining the rotation speed Frpm of the cooling fan 41 with respect to ΔTq from (7), the correlation curve Lw in FIG. 18 can be obtained. can get. The correlation calculation value is almost the same as the measured value, and the validity of the method of calculating the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 can be understood from the equation (7).

In the present embodiment, the fourth calculation unit 170 of the second control unit 150 holds a program FX that calculates the rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 corresponding to the cooling index ΔTq based on the correlation curve Lw. , The rotation speed command value of the cooling fan 41 is calculated according to the program FX to be held.

In this embodiment, the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled and the cooling fan 41 is program-controlled. However, even when the control targets are exchanged, the relationship between ΔTq and Prpm is equivalent to that in Eq. (7). Therefore, the cooling fan 41 may be feedback-controlled and the circulation pump 45 may be program-controlled.

<Embodiment 8>
In the eighth embodiment, a method of calculating the rotation speed command value of the circulation pump 45 that minimizes the total power of the two auxiliary machines 41 and 45 is taken as an example of feedback control of the cooling fan 41 and program control of the circulation pump 45. To explain.

When the cooling water flow rate (rotational speed of the circulation pump 45) is variable and the cooling fan air volume (rotational speed of the cooling fan 41) is variable, the cooling index ΔTq, the rotation speed of the circulation pump 45, and cooling Find the relationship between the rotation speed Frpm of the fan 41.

As described above, the amount of heat exhausted from the steam turbine is constant when the steam power generation facility 1 is at the rated output. In order to control the internal temperature (vacuum) of the condenser 20 to be constant under the condition that the amount of heat exhausted from the steam turbine is constant, it is necessary to control the heat exchange amount Q of the condenser 20 to be constant.

Since the heat exchange amount Q of the condenser 20 is proportional to the product of the condenser inlet / outlet cooling water temperature difference ΔT ₃₂ (difference between the outlet cooling water temperature T3 and the inlet cooling water temperature T2) and the cooling water flow rate F, ΔT ₃₂ × F = constant. Further, since the cooling water flow rate F and the rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 are proportional to each other, the following equation (8) is obtained.

ΔT ₃₂ x Prpm = constant ... (8)

FIG. 19 shows ΔTq × Frpm with respect to the condenser inlet / outlet cooling water temperature difference ΔT ₃₂ when the internal temperature (vacuum) of the condenser 20 is controlled to be constant under the condition that the amount of heat exhausted from the steam turbine is constant. It is a graph showing the actual operation value of, and the vertical axis is ΔT ₃₂ and the horizontal axis is ΔTq × Frpm.

As shown in FIG. 19, since ΔT ₃₂ and ΔTq × Frpm are approximately proportional to each other, the following equation is obtained.

k1 x (△ Tq × Frpm) = ΔT ₃₂ ... (9)
k1 is a constant of proportionality.

Equation (10) can be obtained from equations (8) and (9).
ΔT ₃₂ × Prpm ＝ k1 × (ΔTq × Frpm) × Prpm ＝ constant ΔTq × Frpm × Prpm ＝ constant ＝ constant A ・ ・ ・ ・ (10)

From the operation data or the cooling tower specifications, the cooling tower inlet cooling water temperature (= condenser outlet cooling water temperature) and wet bulb at the cooling fan 41 rotation speed Frpm = 100% and the circulation pump 45 rotation speed Prpm = 100%. Using the temperature as a reference value, substitute it into equation (10) to calculate the constant A.

The constant A has a cooling index ΔTq at the reference value, and this is assumed to be ΔTq0. By substituting ΔTq0 into equation (10), the following equation (11) can be obtained. If Prpm = 100% in the equation (11), the equation (7) is obtained.

△ Tq × Frpm × Prpm ＝ △ Tq0 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ (11)

With the same cooling index ΔTq1, the rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 is changed within the control range, and the rotation speed Frpm of the cooling fan 41 for which the equation (11) holds is calculated. At that time, the rotation speed Frpm of the cooling fan 41 is set within the control range.

Since the power [W] of the auxiliary machines 41 and 45 is proportional to the cube of the rotation speed, the power of the circulation pump 45 and the cooling fan 41 can be calculated from the rotation speeds Prpm and Frpm, respectively. The total power of the auxiliary equipment (cooling fan 41 and circulation pump 45) of the cooling water system equipment 30 can be obtained from the sum of the two powers.

It is possible to obtain the total power for each rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 when the value is changed within the control range, and to obtain the rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 that minimizes the total power by comparing the values. Then, let the value be the rotation speed command value of the circulation pump 45 with respect to the cooling index ΔTq1 (see FIG. 20).

For each cooling index ΔTq, the rotation speed command value of the circulation pump 45 is determined by the above method, and is set as a program FX for controlling the rotation speed of the circulation pump 45. That is, as shown in FIG. 21, the fourth calculation unit 170 of the second control unit 150 commands the rotation speed of the circulation pump 45 that minimizes the total power of the two auxiliary machines 41 and 45 for each cooling index ΔTq. The data corresponding to the values is held as the program FX. Therefore, from the data shown in FIG. 21, the rotation speed command value of the circulation pump 45 that minimizes the total power can be obtained for each cooling index ΔTq. In this method, some error is assumed, but even if the program control is deviated, the feedback control side corrects it.

In addition, if the preset program FX is different from the actual operation from the cooling tower specification data, the rotation speed of the auxiliary equipment on the program control side is manually changed while the feedback control is performed, and the total power is increased. The optimum program FX can be set by adjusting the rotation speed to the minimum.

FIG. 22 shows a calculated value and an actually measured value of the total power when the rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 is operated according to the above program FX. The horizontal axis is the cooling index and the vertical axis is the total power.

Since the cooling fan 41 performs feedback control, the total power varies, but the average values are the same, and the setting of the program FX by this method is appropriate.

In this embodiment, the circulation pump 45 is program-controlled and the cooling fan 41 is feedback-controlled. However, even when the control targets are exchanged, the relationship of the equation (11) holds, so the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled. The cooling fan 11 may be program-controlled.

When controlling the number of cooling fans 41, ΔTq is controlled so as to correspond to the rotation speed Frpm (fan air volume) obtained by the equation (11), and the circulation pump side is subjected to feedback control. The power for controlling the number of cooling fans 41 can be obtained from the product of the power per cooling fan and the number of operating units.

In short, in this embodiment, regarding the cooling water system equipment 30 that cools the steam exhausted from the steam turbine 10 of the steam power generation equipment 1 to the condenser 20, the first control unit 110 of the control devices 100B and 100C Of the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump 45 and the cooling fan 41, the rotation speed of one of the auxiliary machines is fed back so as to reduce the deviation from a predetermined control target value such as the condenser vacuum value and the cooling tower outlet cooling water temperature. Controlled, the second control unit 150 determines the rotation speed of the other auxiliary machine according to the cooling index ΔTq representing the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31, respectively, and the total power of the two auxiliary machines 41 and 45. Discloses a technique for program control to the minimum number of revolutions. The feedback control may be a cascade type (Embodiment 1) or a single type (Embodiment 6) as long as the auxiliary equipment is controlled so as to reduce the deviation from the control target value.

The command value for the number of times of the other auxiliary machine can be obtained by performing the following simulation in advance. For example, when the circulation pump 45 is program-controlled, the rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 is changed within the control range under the condition that the output of the steam turbine 10 is constant. Since there is a relationship of Eq. (11) under the condition that the output of the steam turbine 10 is constant, a cooling fan is used for each rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 changed within the control range by utilizing this relationship. The rotation speed Frpm of 41 is obtained. Since the power of the circulation pump 45 and the cooling fan 41 can be obtained from the rotation speed Prpm and the rotation speed Frpm, respectively, the total power can be obtained by the sum of them. Then, as shown in FIG. 20, the total power of the circulation pump 45 and the cooling fan 41 is minimized by comparing the total power when each rotation speed Prpm of the circulation pump 45 changed within the control range is changed. The rotation speed of the circulation pump 45 is obtained. By performing such an operation for each cooling index ΔTq, it is possible to obtain a rotation speed command value of the circulation pump 45 that minimizes the total power of the circulation pump 45 and the cooling fan 41 for each cooling index ΔTq.

According to this technology, in the cooling water system equipment 30, it is possible to operate the two auxiliary machines 41 and 45 with the minimum total power, and it is possible to realize energy saving and reduce electricity charges by the amount of power used. In addition, there is an advantage that investment decisions can be made by pre-calculating the total power reduction amount of the two auxiliary machines 41 and 45.

<Embodiment 9>
In the case of a small biomass power generation facility with a rated output of about 7,000 [kW], the amount of heat dissipated from the cooling tower 31 corresponds to about 60% of the energy possessed by the fuel, and effective utilization of this energy is required. In order to use it as a heat source, it is necessary to stabilize the temperature, but in the conventional operation method of the condenser cooling water system, the condenser outlet cooling water temperature T3 is not constant depending on the atmospheric condition, and other equipment There was a problem that it was difficult to use as a heat source for.

By introducing constant control of the condenser vacuum value, the steam turbine exhaust temperature becomes constant, and as a result, the condenser outlet cooling water temperature T3 is constant, so that it can be used as a heat source for other equipment. Can be expected.

FIG. 23 is a system configuration diagram of the cooling water system equipment 30A. The cooling water system equipment 30A utilizes the return cooling water from the condenser 20 as a low temperature heat source.

The cooling water system equipment 30A includes a condenser 20, a cooling tower 31, an outward pipe 32, a condenser pipe 35, and a heat exchanger 60. The arrows in the figure indicate the cooling water circulation path. The outbound pipe 32 connects the cooling tower outlet and the condenser inlet. The outbound pipe 32 is provided with a circulation pump 45. The cooling water is supplied from the cooling tower 31 to the condenser 20 through the outbound pipe 32.

The return pipe 35 has a first return pipe 35A and a second return pipe 35B. The first condenser pipe 35A connects the condenser outlet and the heat exchanger inlet. The second return pipe 35B connects the heat exchanger outlet and the cooling tower inlet.

The return cooling water that has exchanged heat with steam in the condenser 20 enters the heat exchanger 60 from the condenser 20 through the first return pipe 35A. The return cooling water is heat-exchanged with the circulating water supplied to the hot water facility 65 by the heat exchanger 60.

Hot water can be supplied to the hot water facility 65 by recovering the heat of the return cooling water from the condenser 20 with the heat exchanger 60 and warming the circulating water.

Then, the return cooling water after the heat exchange returns from the heat exchanger 60 to the cooling tower 31 through the second return pipe 35B, and the heat that cannot be recovered by the heat exchanger 60 is heat in the cooling tower 31. Dissipate.

Further, the cooling water system equipment 30A has a bypass pipe 37. The bypass pipe 37 connects the second return pipe 35B and the outward pipe 32.

When the heat recovery by the heat exchanger 60 is sufficient, the return cooling water from the heat exchanger 60 is bypassed by the cooling tower 31 by closing the valve 36 of the second condenser pipe 35B and opening the valve 38 of the bypass pipe 37. Then, it can be supplied to the condenser 20. The switching between the valve 36 and the valve 38 can be performed manually by the operator by detecting the temperature of the return cooling water from the heat exchanger 60, or the temperature is compared with the threshold value to automatically control the switching. You can also do it.

According to the cooling water system equipment 30A, the waste heat of the return cooling water of the condenser 20 can be effectively used. Moreover, since the temperature of the return cooling water from the condenser 20 is a constant temperature of the latter half of 30 ° C to 40 ° C, a hot water facility 65 such as aquaculture, a plant factory, a heated pool, etc. that requires a temperature of around 30 ° C It can be expected to be used as a heat source for

Further, since the heat is recovered by the heat exchanger 60, the return cooling water returns to the cooling tower 31 in a state where the heat is dissipated. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the installed capacity of the cooling tower 31 and reduce or stop the rotation speed of the cooling fan 41, which is effective in reducing the power of the cooling water system equipment 30A.

<Other embodiments>
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the above description and drawings, and for example, the following embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

(1) In the first embodiment, the biomass power generation facility is exemplified as the steam power generation facility 1. The steam power generation facility 1 may be a thermal power generation facility other than the biomass power generation facility, or may be a power generation facility other than the thermal power generation facility, as long as it has a steam turbine and uses a cooling tower to cool the condenser. ..

(2) In the first embodiment, the cooling fan 41 is feedback-controlled in order to maintain the degree of vacuum of the condenser 20, but the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled instead of the cooling fan 41 and supplied to the condenser 20. The cooling water flow rate F may be adjusted. Moreover, both may be feedback-controlled.

(3) In the second embodiment, the first control unit 110 feedback-controls the circulation pump 45 so that the internal temperature T1 of the condenser 20 matches the target internal temperature, and the second control unit 150 receives the feedback control. Then, the cooling fan 41 was program-controlled based on the cooling index ΔTq of the cooling tower 31.
The first control unit 110 detects the internal pressure of the condenser 20 with an absolute pressure vacuum gauge, and feedback-controls the circulation pump 45 so that the internal pressure detected by the absolute pressure vacuum gauge matches the target vacuum value. You may. In other words, the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water is set so that the internal pressure detected by the absolute pressure vacuum gauge matches the target vacuum value, and the temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water becomes the set target temperature. The circulation pump 45 may be feedback controlled so as to match.

In this case, since the circulation pump 45 is feedback-controlled and the cooling fan 41 is program-controlled, interference between the two controls can be suppressed. Further, the cooling fan 41 can be operated according to the cooling capacity of the cooling tower 31 by performing program control using the cooling index ΔTq, and the power of the auxiliary machine of the cooling water system equipment 30 can be reduced. You can. The same applies to the case where the control targets of the first control unit 110 and the second control unit 150 are exchanged, the cooling fan 41 is feedback-controlled, and the circulation pump 45 is program-controlled.

1 Steam power generation equipment 10 Steam turbine 20 Condenser 30 Cooling water system equipment 31 Cooling tower 32 Outward pipe 33 Return pipe 41 Cooling fan 45 Circulation pump 100 Control device 110 1st control unit 150 2nd control unit

Claims (11)

It is a control device for cooling water system equipment that cools the steam exhausted from the steam turbine of the steam power generation equipment to the condenser.
The cooling water system equipment
A circulation pump that circulates cooling water that cools the steam exhausted to the condenser.
Includes a cooling tower that has a cooling fan that dissipates heat and cools the return cooling water that has exchanged heat with steam in the condenser.
The control device has a first control unit and has a first control unit.
The first control unit sets the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water so that the internal temperature of the condenser matches the target internal temperature.
Cooling water that feedback-controls the rotation speed of one of the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan so that the temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water matches the set target temperature. Control device for system equipment. The control device for the cooling water system equipment according to claim 1.
The first control unit
A first calculation unit that calculates the target temperature of the condenser inlet cooling water temperature based on the deviation of the condenser internal temperature from the target internal temperature.
Of the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan, the control command value of the rotation speed for one of the auxiliary machines to be feedback-controlled is the condenser inlet cooling water for the target temperature calculated by the first calculation unit. A control device including a second calculation unit that calculates based on a temperature deviation. It is a control device for cooling water system equipment that cools the steam exhausted from the steam turbine of the steam power generation equipment to the condenser.
The cooling water system equipment
A circulation pump that circulates cooling water that cools the steam exhausted to the condenser.
Includes a cooling tower that has a cooling fan that dissipates heat and cools the return cooling water that has exchanged heat with steam in the condenser.
The control device has a first control unit and has a first control unit.
The first control unit rotates the number of rotations of one of the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan so that the internal temperature of the condenser matches the target internal temperature. A control device for cooling water system equipment that provides feedback control. The control device for the cooling water system equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The control device includes the first control unit and the second control unit.
The second control unit programmatically controls the rotation speed of the other of the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan based on the cooling index indicating the cooling capacity of the cooling tower. apparatus. The control device for the cooling water system equipment according to claim 4.
The second control unit
A third calculation unit that calculates a cooling index indicating the cooling capacity of the cooling tower based on the cooling water temperature at the inlet of the cooling tower and the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere.
A fourth calculation that calculates a control command value of the rotation speed for the other auxiliary machine that is program-controlled among the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan based on the cooling index calculated by the third calculation unit. A control device including a unit. The control device for the cooling water system equipment according to claim 5.
The cooling index is a value obtained by subtracting the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere from the cooling water temperature at the inlet of the cooling tower.
The third calculation unit is a control device that is a differential device that subtracts the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere from the temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower. The control device for the cooling water system equipment according to claim 5 or 6.
It has a setting unit that increases or decreases the set temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower.
The third calculation unit is a control device that subtracts the wet-bulb temperature of the atmosphere from the temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the cooling tower output from the setting unit. The control device for the cooling water system equipment according to any one of claims 4 to 7.
In the second control unit, the rotation speed of the other auxiliary machine among the two auxiliary machines of the circulation pump and the cooling fan is determined corresponding to the cooling index representing the cooling capacity of the cooling tower, respectively. A control device that programmatically controls the number of revolutions to minimize the total power of one auxiliary machine. The control device for the cooling water system equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
A control device including an adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature inside the target condenser of the condenser. It is a cooling water system equipment that cools the steam exhausted from the steam turbine of the steam power generation equipment to the condenser.
A circulation pump that circulates cooling water that cools the steam exhausted to the condenser.
A cooling tower that has a cooling fan that dissipates heat and cools the return cooling water that has exchanged heat with steam in the condenser.
A cooling water system facility including the control device according to any one of claims 1 to 9. A heat exchanger connected to the return pipe of the condenser is provided.
The cooling water according to claim 10, wherein the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the circulating water to the hot water facility for the return cooling water from the condenser, and supplies the return cooling water after the heat exchange to the cooling tower. System equipment.

Images