JP2020131188A - 寿命性能が改善された水素生産用ナノ複合材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
寿命性能が改善された水素生産用ナノ複合材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020131188A JP2020131188A JP2019189335A JP2019189335A JP2020131188A JP 2020131188 A JP2020131188 A JP 2020131188A JP 2019189335 A JP2019189335 A JP 2019189335A JP 2019189335 A JP2019189335 A JP 2019189335A JP 2020131188 A JP2020131188 A JP 2020131188A
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen production
- particles
- nanocomposite material
- nanocomposite
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明のナノ複合材料は熱エネルギーによって水を分解するときに使われる触媒であり、酸化及び還元反応を繰り返し遂行しながら水素及び酸素気体を生成することが主要機能である。
MxOy (式1)
前記化学式1で、MはMn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zr及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択された1種であり、xは0〜5の整数の一つであり、yは0〜5の整数の一つである。
本発明のナノ複合材料の製造方法は、触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を準備する段階、前記触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を混合して混合物を製造する段階、前記混合物を湿式粉砕して複合物を製造する段階、及び前記複合物をか焼してナノ複合材料を製造する段階を含む。
触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を含む原料を準備する段階である。前記触媒物質粒子はナノ複合材料の触媒物質を形成し、前記支持体粒子はナノ複合材料の多孔性支持体を形成する原料である。
原料である触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を混合して混合物を製造する段階である。具体的に、前記一定の比率で準備した触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を準備した溶媒に投入して混合する段階であり、前記溶媒は、好ましくは無水エタノール、無水メタノール、アセトン及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されたいずれか1種を含む。
混合物を湿式粉砕して複合物を製造する段階である。前記湿式粉砕はアトリッションミリング(Attrition milling)によって行うことが特徴である。
複合物の製造段階後、か焼段階前に前記複合物を高分子と混合して高分子混合物を製造する段階である。この段階は目的及び必要によって工程から排除することができる。
高分子混合物の製造段階後、前記高分子混合物を成形する段階である。この段階は目的及び必要によって工程から排除することができる。
複合物をか焼してナノ複合材料を製造する段階である。この段階は複合物の製造段階(S3)後、高分子混合物の製造段階(S3’)及び成形段階(S3”)を省略し、前記生成された複合物を対象として行うことができ、あるいは高分子混合物の製造段階(S3’)及び成形段階(S3”)を省略せず、前記生成された成形物を対象として行うことができる。
平均25nmの粒径を有する触媒物質であるセリア粒子と平均30μmの粒径を有する支持体であるムライト粒子を重量比20:80となるようにして原料を準備し、3mmの粒径を有するジルコニアボールを前記原料に対して600重量部となるように準備した。その後、前記原料及びジルコニアボールを無水エタノールに投入し、400rpmで12時間常温でアトリッションミリング工程を行った。前記アトリッションミリング工程によって得た収得物を遠心分離して固相物質を分離した後、前記固相物質を70℃のオーブンで24時間乾燥し、16meshの篩を用いて粉末状の複合物を得た。
平均30μmの粒径を有する支持体であるムライト粒子と3mmの粒径を有するジルコニアボールを前記ムライトに対して500重量部となるように準備した。その後、前記ムライトとジルコニアボールを無水エタノールに投入し、300rpmで表1のような時間の間に常温でアトリッションミリング工程を行って収得物を得た。
前記製造例1で得た複合物を大気雰囲気で1,300℃の温度で2時間か焼を行ってナノ複合材料を製造した。
図6には前記製造されたナノ複合材料に対する電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡(FE−SEM)写真が示されている。これを参照すると、触媒物質である酸化セリウム(CeO2)がナノサイズの粒子状として多孔性支持体であるムライト上に分散されて担持されていることを確認することができる。また、前記ナノ複合材料のX線スペクトロメータ(EDS)分析を行い、これを図7に示した。これを参照すると、前記ナノ複合材料にアルミニウム(Al)、セリウム(Ce)、珪素(Si)及び酸素(O)が含まれていることを確認することができる。
前記製造例4で得た複合物に対して大気雰囲気で1,300℃の温度で2時間か焼を行って複合材料を製造した。
平均25nmの粒径を有する触媒物質である酸化セリウム(CeO2)粒子に対して1,300℃の温度で2時間か焼を行い、これに対する結果物を図8に示した。図8は電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡(FE−SEM)写真であり、これを参照すると、か焼前(a)平均25nmの粒径を有する酸化セリウム粒子の分布を確認することができるが、か焼後(b)前記ナノサイズの酸化セリウム粒子が部分的に凝集及び焼結されて巨大化が進んだことを確認することができる。
アトリッションミリング(Attrition milling)方法ではなくてボールミリング(Ball milling)方法によって粉砕したことを除き、残りの環境を前記実施例2と同様にして進めることによってナノ複合材料を製造した。
支持体としてムライトではなくてコーディエライト((Mg、Fe2+)2Al4Si5O18)を使ったことを除き、残りの環境を前記実施例1と同様にして進めることによってナノ複合材料を製造した。
前記実施例2及び比較例2のナノ複合材料に対する比表面積分析(BET)を実施し、その結果を下記の表2に示した。前記分析はナノ複合材料粉末の表面に窒素ガスを吸着させ、吸着された窒素量を測定する方式で進めた。
前記実施例1及び比較例3のナノ複合材料を用いて水分解による水素発生有無に対して測定し、その結果を下記の表3に示した。
Claims (16)
- ムライト(Al2O3・SiO2)を含む多孔性支持体と、
前記多孔性支持体に担持された(embedded)触媒物質と、を含む、水素生産用ナノ複合材料(nanocomposite)。 - 前記多孔性支持体の構造は塊状構造、球状構造及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。
- 前記触媒物質は酸化セリウム(CeO2)を含む、請求項1に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。
- 前記触媒物質はランタニド系の元素をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。
- 前記触媒物質は、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、ジルコニウム(Zr)及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択された1種をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。
- 前記触媒物質の平均直径は5〜50nmであり、
前記多孔性支持体の平均直径は100〜50,000nmである、請求項1に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。 - 前記触媒物質2〜20重量%及び前記多孔性支持体80〜98重量%を含む、請求項1に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。
- 前記ナノ複合材料の比表面積は5〜50m2/g、気孔の大きさは50〜500Å、気孔の比体積は0.02〜0.09cm3/gである、請求項1に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。
- 前記ナノ複合材料は1000℃以上で酸化−還元による水分解工程に使われる、請求項1に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料。
- 触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を含む原料を準備する段階と、
前記触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を混合して混合物を製造する段階と、
前記混合物を湿式粉砕して複合物を製造する段階と、
前記複合物をか焼してナノ複合材料を製造する段階と、を含み、
前記触媒物質粒子は酸化セリウム(CeO2)を含み、
前記支持体粒子はムライト(Al2O3・SiO2)を含む、水素生産用ナノ複合材料の製造方法。 - 前記原料は、触媒物質粒子2〜20重量%及び支持体粒子80〜98重量%を含む、請求項10に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記触媒物質粒子及び支持体粒子を溶媒とともに混合して混合物を製造し、
前記溶媒は、無水エタノール、無水メタノール、アセトン及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されたしずれか1種を含む、請求項10に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料の製造方法。 - 触媒物質粒子、支持体粒子及び酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)ボール(ball)を混合して混合物を製造し、
前記酸化ジルコニウムボールの大きさは1〜5mmであり、
前記酸化ジルコニウムボールは前記原料100重量部を基準に500〜800重量部混合される、請求項10に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料の製造方法。 - 前記湿式粉砕はアトリッションミリング(Attrition milling)によって200〜500rpmで0.5〜24時間行う、請求項10に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記か焼は700℃以上で1〜10時間行う、請求項10に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料の製造方法。
- ナノ複合材料を製造する前、前記複合物を高分子と混合して高分子混合物を製造する段階と、
前記高分子混合物を成形する段階と、をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の水素生産用ナノ複合材料の製造方法。
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