JP2020105155A - 化合物、組成物、液状組成物、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
化合物、組成物、液状組成物、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/54—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一形態は、下記一般式(1)で示される、化合物である。
本発明の他の一形態は、上記化学式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物に加え、他の化合物をさらに含む、組成物に関する。
本発明の一形態に係る組成物は、発光材料をさらに含むことが好ましい。
X1〜X13は、それぞれ独立して、炭素または窒素である。Xは、BR’、NR’、PR’、O、S、Se、C=O、S=O、SO2、CR’R’’、SiR’R’’およびGeR’R’’からなる群から選択される。R’およびR’’は、縮合または結合して環を形成してもよい。Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdは、1から可能な最大置換数まで存在してもよく、または存在しなくてもよい。R’、R’’、Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、重水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ヘテロアルキル基、アリールアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アミノ基、シリル基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、ヘテロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、アシル基、カルボニル基、カルボン酸基、エステル基、ナイトライト基、イソニトリル基、スルファニル基、スルフィニル基、スルフォニル基、ホスフィノ基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択さる。Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdの2つの隣接する置換基は、縮合または結合して環を形成してもよく、または多座配位子を形成してもよい。
本発明の一形態に係る組成物は、カルバゾール誘導体をさらに含むことが好ましい。すなわち、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物と、カルバゾール誘導体とを含む、組成物であることが好ましい。
本発明の一形態に係る組成物は、アジン環誘導体をさらに含むことが好ましい。すなわち、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物と、アジン環誘導体とを含む、組成物であることが好ましい。
本発明の一形態に係る組成物は、上述のように、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物と、上記カルバゾール誘導体とを含むことが好ましい。これらの中でも、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物と、上記一般式(C1)で表される化合物とを含むことがより好ましい。この際、化合物43または44と、カルバゾール誘導体H1−1とを含むことが特に好ましい。上記一般式(1)で表される化合物と、上記カルバゾール誘導体とを含む組成物を用いることで、溶解度がより向上する。そして、溶液からの析出がより生じ難くなり、溶液のポットライフがより長くなる。また、有機EL素子の発光効率および発光寿命がより向上する。ここで、これらの組成物は、上記の燐光発光性白金族金属錯体をさらに含むことがさらに特に好ましい。燐光発光性白金族金属錯体により、有機EL素子の発光効率および発光寿命をより向上させることができる。この場合、化合物43または44と、カルバゾール誘導体H1−1と、燐光発光性白金族金属錯体D1とを含むことが極めて好ましい。
本発明のその他の形態は、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物、またはこれと他の化合物とを含む組成物と、溶剤とを含む、液状組成物に関する。液状組成物としては、上記好ましい組成物の例に挙げた組成物と、溶剤とを含むことが好ましい。
本発明のさらなる他の一形態は、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に関する。より詳細には、当該形態は、一対の電極と、前記一対の電極の間に配置された、当該化合物またはこれと他の化合物とを含む組成物を含む有機層とを備える、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に関する。
化合物1の合成
サンプル固体試料50mgを無色透明のサンプル瓶に入れ、溶媒として安息香酸メチルを500mg入れて室温にて超音波照射を20分間行い、目視にてサンプル固体の残存有無を確認した。サンプル固体の残存が有れば、少量ずつ溶媒追加と超音波照射を繰り返し、完全に溶解した時点での溶媒量から溶解度を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
サンプル固体試料50mgを無色透明のサンプル瓶に入れ、溶媒として安息香酸メチルを1.0g入れて150℃に加熱しサンプル固体を完全に溶解させ、5wt%の溶液を調製した。その後、室温まで冷却して観察を開始し、結晶等の析出固体が目視で確認されるまでの時間(h)をポットライフとして測定した。結果を表1に示す。
1.測定サンプルの作製
(1)溶剤の安息香酸メチルの重量に対して、サンプルの固形分濃度を4wt%、となるように調製した。
上記(2)で作製したITO基板上の薄膜サンプルを用いて、大気中光電子分光装置AC−3(理研計器製)を用いてHOMO値を測定した。
上記(2)で作製した石英基板上の薄膜サンプルを用いて、分光光度計 U−3900(日立ハイテクサイエンス製)を用いて紫外可視吸収スペクトルの吸収端からエネルギーギャップ値(Eg)を測定し、以下の数式(X)からLUMO値を算出した。
示差走査熱量測定装置 DSC6220(セイコーインスツルメンツ製)を用いて、サンプル約5mgを用いて、−50℃から300℃の範囲においては昇温速度10℃/min、300℃から−50℃の範囲においては冷却速度−50℃/minで走査測定する工程を3回繰り返した。2回目以降の走査の熱量曲線からガラス転移温度(Tg)を読み取った。測定結果を2に示す。
実施例1
まず、第1電極(陽極)として、ストライプ(stripe)状の酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)が膜厚150nmにて成膜されたITO付きガラス基板を用意する。このガラス基板上に、ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリ(4−スチレンスルホネート)(poly(3,4−ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(4−styrene sulfonate):PEDOT/PSS)(Sigma−Aldrich製)を、乾燥膜厚が30nmになるようにスピンコート法にて塗布し、正孔注入層を形成した。次に、正孔注入層上に、溶剤としてアニソールと、溶剤の重量に対して3質量%の下記繰返し構造を有する正孔輸送性ポリマー(HTP1)(重量平均分子量Mw=400,000, PDI(Mw/Mn)=2.7)と、溶剤の重量に対して0.6質量%の下記構造の低分子化合物AD1から成る正孔輸送層塗布溶液を乾燥膜厚が125nmになるようにスピンコート法にて塗布し、10−1Pa以下の真空下において230℃にて1時間加熱、その後10−1Pa以下の真空下において室温まで冷却して、正孔輸送層を形成した。
下記方法に従って、駆動電圧、電流効率および耐久性(発光寿命)を評価した。
直流定電圧電源(株式会社キーエンス製、ソースメータ(source meter))を用いて、有機EL素子に対して0Vから20Vまで印可電圧を連続的に変化させて有機EL素子に通電して発光させ、このときの輝度を輝度測定装置(Topcom製、SR−3)にて測定した。ここで、有機EL素子の面積から単位面積あたりの電流値(電流密度)を計算し、輝度(cd/m2)を電流密度(A/m2)にて除算することで、電流効率(cd/A)を算出した。なお、電流効率は、電流を発光エネルギーへ変換する効率(変換効率)を示し、電流効率が高いほど有機EL素子の性能が高いことを示す。また、発光寿命(耐久性)は、初期輝度が6,000cd/m2となる電流値において連続駆動し、時間経過とともに減衰する発光輝度が初期輝度の80%になるまでの時間を「LT80(h)」として測定した。結果を下記表1に示す。なお、表1中、電流効率は、比較例1の有機EL素子の電流効率を100とした場合の相対値として表す。また、発光寿命(耐久性)は、比較例1の有機EL素子の発光寿命を100とした場合の相対値として表す。
発光層組成として表1に記載の組成とする以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
<本発明化合物以外のカルバゾール環誘導体を含む組成物の実施例>
発光層用インクの組成として、溶剤の安息香酸メチルに対して、化合物1の固形分濃度を1.33質量%、化合物Cz1の固形分濃度を1.33質量%、化合物Az1の固形分濃度を1.33質量%、化合物TEGの固形分濃度を0.4質量%となるように調製した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子の作製および評価を行った。
発光層組成として表1に記載の組成とする以外は実施例3と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
発光層組成として表1に記載の組成とする以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
110 基板
120 第1電極
130 正孔注入層
140 正孔輸送層
150 発光層
160 電子輸送層
170 電子注入層
180 第2電極。
Claims (14)
- 下記一般式(1)で示される、化合物:
上記一般式(1)中、
(a)R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、置換されたもしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基および置換されたもしくは無置換の芳香族炭化水素環基の少なくとも一方であり、あるいは、任意に環を形成しており、
(b)Ar1は、1つまたは2つ以上のメタフェニレン構造を含む、芳香族炭化水素環基(X)であり、ただし、9位で結合するフルオレン環を含まず、1つのみのメタフェニレン構造を含む場合は、フルオレン環を含まず、
(c)前記化合物は、ヘテロ原子およびトリフェニレン構造を含まない。 - 前記芳香族炭化水素環基(X)が、ベンゼン環を1つ以上含み、複数の芳香族炭化水素環が単結合で直接結合している1価の基である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記芳香族炭化水素環基(X)が、ベンゼン環を2つ以上含む、あるいは、ベンゼン環とナフタレン環とを含む、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 前記芳香族炭化水素環基(X)が、ベンゼン環を2つ以上含む、あるいは、ベンゼン環ならびにナフタレン環およびフルオレン環の少なくとも一方を含む、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Ar1は、2つ以上のメタフェニレン構造を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 下記一般式(2)で示される構造を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 前記芳香族炭化水素環基(X)が、o−ターフェニル構造を含まない、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物と、カルバゾール誘導体およびアジン誘導体の少なくとも一方を含む、組成物。
- 前記カルバゾール誘導体が、下記化学式で表される化合物である、請求項8に記載の組成物。
一般式(C4)中、
R21は、それぞれ独立して、置換されたもしくは無置換の1価の芳香族炭化水素環基、または置換されたもしくは無置換の1価の芳香族複素環基(ただし、アジン環構造を有する基を除く)を表し;
R223およびR224は、それぞれ独立して、重水素原子、置換されたもしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換されたもしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、置換されたもしくは無置換のアリールオキシ基(ただし、アジン環構造を有する基を除く)、置換されたもしくは無置換のアルキルアミノ基、シアノ基、置換されたもしくは無置換の1価の芳香族炭化水素環基、または置換されたもしくは無置換の1価の芳香族複素環基(ただし、アジン環構造を有する基を除く)を表し;
dは、それぞれ独立して、0以上4以下の整数を表し;
eは、それぞれ独立して、0以上3以下の整数を表す。 - 前記アジン環誘導体が、下記一般式(A3)で表される化合物である、請求項8または9に記載の組成物:
Tは、下記一般式で表される環構造を有する縮合環結合であり、
Z1、Z3およびZ5は、それぞれ独立して、CHまたはNであり、ただし、Z1、Z3およびZ5の少なくとも1つはNであり;
R31は、水素原子、重水素原子、または有機基であり;
R32、R33およびR34は、それぞれ独立して、重水素原子、置換されたもしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換されたもしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、置換されたもしくは無置換のアリールオキシ基、置換されたもしくは無置換のアルキル基を有するアルキルアミノ基、シアノ基、置換されたもしくは無置換の1価の芳香族炭化水素環基、または置換されたもしくは無置換の1価の芳香族複素環基を表し;
fおよびgは、それぞれ独立して、0以上4以下の整数を表し;
hは、0以上5以下の整数を表し;
iは、0以上2以下の整数を表す。 - 燐光発光性白金族金属錯体をさらに含む、請求項8〜10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記燐光発光性白金族金属錯体が、下記化学式で表される化合物である、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 大気圧における沸点が100℃以上350℃以下である溶剤と、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物、あるいは、請求項8〜12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物とを含む、液状組成物。
- 一対の電極と、
前記一対の電極間に配置される1層以上の有機層と、を備え、
前記有機層の少なくとも1層は、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物、あるいは、請求項8〜12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含む、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
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JP2016094373A (ja) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | ナフト[2,1−b]フルオランテン化合物、有機発光素子、表示装置、画像情報処理装置、照明装置、画像形成装置、露光装置 |
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WO2023085046A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | 有機化合物、有機発光素子、表示装置、光電変換装置、電子機器、照明装置、移動体、および、露光光源 |
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