JP2020104030A - Loading and discharging method of solid matter - Google Patents

Loading and discharging method of solid matter Download PDF

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JP2020104030A
JP2020104030A JP2018242415A JP2018242415A JP2020104030A JP 2020104030 A JP2020104030 A JP 2020104030A JP 2018242415 A JP2018242415 A JP 2018242415A JP 2018242415 A JP2018242415 A JP 2018242415A JP 2020104030 A JP2020104030 A JP 2020104030A
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loading
solid matter
discharging
solid
adhesion
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庄一 濱野
Shoichi Hamano
庄一 濱野
昌平 柳谷
Shohei Yanagiya
昌平 柳谷
浩一 大園
Koichi Osono
浩一 大園
孝之 岡本
Takayuki Okamoto
孝之 岡本
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Abstract

To provide a method which can simply prevent solid matter including water from adhering to a loading surface of loading means of the solid matter by freezing, enabling the solid matter to be easily discharged from the loading surface of the loading means.SOLUTION: A loading and discharging method of solid matter for loading and then discharging the solid matter onto and from loading means (for example, a dump truck) having a loading surface (for example, a surface of a loading space) for loading the solid matter including water (for example, dewatered sludge) comprises: an adhesion prevention layer forming step of forming on the loading surface an adhesion prevention layer composed of a powder and granular material for preventing the solid matter from adhering to the loading surface due to freezing; a solid matter loading step of loading the solid matter onto an upper surface of the adhesion prevention layer; and a solid matter discharging step of discharging the solid matter from the loading means.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、固体物の積載及び排出方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for loading and discharging solid objects.

冬季や寒冷地等における低温の環境下(例えば、−20℃程度)において、脱水汚泥等の水分を含む固体物を、トラック(例えば、ダンプカー)等の積載手段(例えば、車両)の荷台またはコンテナ等に積み込んで運搬する際に、この固体物が凍結して、荷台等に付着する場合がある。この場合、この固体物を積載手段から排出させる作業が困難になるため、この作業の前に、工具や重機を用いて、凍結した固体物を破砕したり、あるいは、固体物を荷台等に積載させたまま、セメントキルン等の熱源の近くに移動させて加温し、固体物の凍結した付着部分を融解させる必要がある。
固体物が荷台等に凍結して付着することを防ぐ技術として、例えば、特許文献1には、トラクタの排気マフラー及び排気管からジャバラホースを介して、ダンプトレーラの荷台隅部に排気ガスを送給して、荷台底部の温度を上昇せしめて、積載された土砂、石炭等の凍結を防止することが記載されている。
In a low temperature environment (eg, about −20° C.) in winter or a cold region, solid matter containing water such as dehydrated sludge is loaded onto a loading platform (eg, vehicle) such as a truck (eg, dump truck), or a container. This solid material may freeze and adhere to the cargo bed etc. when it is loaded on a ship and transported. In this case, it becomes difficult to discharge this solid material from the loading means.Before this work, use a tool or heavy equipment to crush the frozen solid material, or load the solid material on a loading platform, etc. As it is, it is necessary to move it near a heat source such as a cement kiln and heat it to melt the frozen adhered portion of the solid matter.
As a technique for preventing solid matter from freezing and adhering to a cargo bed or the like, for example, in Patent Document 1, exhaust gas is sent from the exhaust muffler and exhaust pipe of a tractor to a corner of the cargo bed of a dump trailer through a bellows hose. It is described that the temperature of the bottom of the loading platform is increased by supplying the water to prevent freezing of the loaded earth and sand, coal and the like.

特開昭58−128934号公報JP-A-58-128934

工具や重機を用いて、凍結した固体物を破砕する場合、トラックの荷台等を傷める恐れがある。また、破砕作業は、通常、氷点下の低温の環境下で行われるため、作業者にとって厳しい労働になるという問題がある。
また、セメントキルン等の熱源の近くに固体物を移動させて加温する方法では、凍結した固体物が融解するまでに時間がかかり、また、固体物が大量にある場合(例えば、固体物を積載したトラック等が複数ある場合)、加温させる場所や熱源を確保することが困難なことがあるという問題がある。
本発明の目的は、水分を含む固体物が凍結して、該固体物の積載手段の積載面に付着するのを簡易に防止することができ、積載手段の積載面から上記固体物を容易に排出させることができる方法を提供することである。
When a frozen solid material is crushed by using a tool or a heavy machine, there is a risk of damaging a truck bed or the like. Further, the crushing work is usually carried out in a low-temperature environment below freezing, so that there is a problem that it becomes a severe labor for the worker.
Further, in the method of moving a solid material near a heat source such as a cement kiln to heat it, it takes time for the frozen solid material to thaw, and when the solid material is in a large amount (for example, the solid material is When there are multiple loaded trucks, etc.), there is a problem that it may be difficult to secure a heating place or a heat source.
It is an object of the present invention to easily prevent a solid substance containing water from adhering to the loading surface of the loading means of the solid substance by freezing, and to easily remove the solid object from the loading surface of the loading means. It is to provide a method that can be discharged.

本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、水分を含む固体物(例えば、脱水汚泥)を積載する時に、該固体物を積載するための積載面(例えば、ダンプカーの荷台の面)に、粉粒状物(例えば、軽量気泡コンクリートを破砕または粉砕してなるもの)からなる付着防止層を形成させ、かつ、該付着防止層の上面に上記固体物(例えば、脱水汚泥)を積載するという作業を行い、その後、上記固体物(例えば、脱水汚泥)の運搬の終了時などに、上記固体物(例えば、脱水汚泥)を上記積載面(例えば、荷台の面)から排出させるという作業を行えば、上記目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM As a result of earnestly studying in order to solve the said subject, when loading a solid substance containing moisture (for example, dehydrated sludge), the loading surface for loading this solid substance (for example, the loading platform of a dump truck). Surface) on which an anti-adhesion layer made of powdered or granular material (for example, one obtained by crushing or crushing lightweight cellular concrete) is formed, and the solid material (for example, dehydrated sludge) is provided on the upper surface of the anti-adhesion layer It is said that the work of loading is performed, and then, when the transportation of the solid matter (for example, dehydrated sludge) is completed, the solid matter (for example, dehydrated sludge) is discharged from the loading surface (for example, the surface of the loading platform). The inventors have found that the above objects can be achieved by carrying out the work, and have completed the present invention.

すなわち、本発明は、以下の[1]〜[6]を提供するものである。
[1] 水分を含む固体物を積載するための積載面を有する積載手段に、上記固体物を積載し、その後、排出させるための、固体物の積載及び排出方法であって、上記積載面に、凍結による上記積載面への上記固体物の付着を防止するための、粉粒状物からなる付着防止層を形成させる付着防止層形成工程と、上記付着防止層の上面に、上記固体物を積載する固体物積載工程と、上記積載手段から上記固体物を排出させる固体物排出工程、を含むことを特徴とする固体物の積載及び排出方法。
[2] 上記粉粒状物の粒度が、0.5〜10mmである前記[1]に記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。
[3] 上記粉粒状物が、多孔質ケイ酸カルシウム水和物、パーライト、活性炭、珪質頁岩、及びバーミキュライトからなる群より選ばれる1種以上からなる前記[1]又は[2]に記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。
[4] 上記付着防止層の厚さが、2〜10cmである前記[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。
[5] 上記固体物は、土壌を主成分として含む廃棄物に由来する、水分含有率が6質量%以上のものである前記[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。
[6] 上記積載手段が車両であり、かつ、上記積載面が荷台の面である前記[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [6].
[1] A method of loading and unloading solid matter for loading the solid matter on a loading means having a loading surface for loading solid matter containing water, and then discharging the solid matter. An anti-adhesion layer forming step of forming an anti-adhesion layer made of powdery particles for preventing adhesion of the solid matter to the loading surface due to freezing; and loading the solid matter on the upper surface of the anti-adhesion layer. And a solid material discharging step of discharging the solid material from the loading means.
[2] The method for loading and discharging the solid matter according to the above [1], wherein the particle size of the powdery or granular material is 0.5 to 10 mm.
[3] The powder or granular material according to the above [1] or [2], which comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of porous calcium silicate hydrate, perlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, and vermiculite. Loading and discharging solid objects.
[4] The method for loading and discharging solid matter according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the adhesion prevention layer has a thickness of 2 to 10 cm.
[5] The solid product is derived from a waste containing soil as a main component, a solid product according to any one of the water content is more than 6 0 wt% [1] - [4] Loading and discharging method.
[6] The method for loading and unloading solid matter according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the loading means is a vehicle, and the loading surface is a surface of a loading platform.

本発明によれば、水分を含む固体物(例えば、脱水汚泥)が凍結して、該固体物の積載手段(例えば、ダンプカー)の積載面(例えば、荷台の面)に付着するのを簡易に防止することができる。そして、この固体物(例えば、脱水汚泥)の運搬等の終了時に、この積載面から、この固体物(例えば、脱水汚泥)を容易に排出させることができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is easy for a solid substance containing water (for example, dehydrated sludge) to freeze and adhere to the loading surface (for example, the surface of a loading platform) of the loading means (for example, dump truck) of this solid substance. Can be prevented. Then, when the transportation of the solid matter (eg, dehydrated sludge) is completed, the solid matter (eg, dehydrated sludge) can be easily discharged from the loading surface.

本発明の固体物の積載及び排出方法は、水分を含む固体物を積載するための積載面を有する積載手段に、固体物を積載し、その後、排出させるための、固体物の積載及び排出方法であって、積載面に、凍結による積載面への固体物の付着を防止するための、粉粒状物からなる付着防止層を形成させる付着防止層形成工程と、付着防止層の上面に、固体物を積載する固体物積載工程と、積載手段から固体物を排出させる固体物排出工程を含むものである。
水分を含む固体物は、積載手段(後述)に積載される対象となるものであれば、特に限定されないが、例えば、下水汚泥、浄水汚泥、製鉄汚泥、建設汚泥等の各種汚泥を脱水してなる脱水汚泥(脱水ケーキ)や、土砂や、生コンスラッジ等の各種の廃棄物が挙げられる。
本発明において、水分を含む固体物としては、本発明の効果をより大きく発揮する観点から、土壌を主成分として含む廃棄物に由来するもの(例えば、固形分中の土壌由来物の含有率が50質量%以上のもの)が好ましい。
The method for loading and discharging solid matter according to the present invention is for loading and discharging solid matter on a loading means having a loading surface for loading solid matter containing water, and then discharging it. The anti-adhesion layer forming step of forming an anti-adhesion layer composed of powder particles on the loading surface to prevent adhesion of solid matter to the loading surface due to freezing; It includes a solid material loading step of loading materials and a solid material discharging step of discharging solid materials from the loading means.
The solid substance containing water is not particularly limited as long as it is a target to be loaded on the loading means (described later), but for example, various sludges such as sewage sludge, purified water sludge, steelmaking sludge, and construction sludge are dehydrated. Dehydrated sludge (dehydrated cake), soil and sand, and various kinds of waste such as raw con sludge.
In the present invention, as a solid substance containing water, from the viewpoint of exerting the effect of the present invention to a greater extent, one derived from a waste containing soil as a main component (for example, the content ratio of the soil-derived substance in the solid content is 50% by mass or more) is preferable.

水分を含む固体物の水分含有率(下限値)は、好ましくは60質量%以上、より好ましくは65質量%以上、特に好ましくは70質量%以上である。該含有率が60質量%未満では、低温(例えば、−25〜0℃)の環境下であっても、水分を含む固体物が凍結して積載面に付着するという問題は、生じにくい。
水分を含む固体物の水分含有率(上限値)は、好ましくは95質量%以下、より好ましくは90質量%以下、特に好ましくは85質量%以下である。該含有率が95質量%を超えると、該固体物を積載面に積載した後に、該固体物から下方に流下する水の量が多くなるため、積載面と付着防止層と固体物とに亘って一体的に形成された凍結部分が形成され易くなり、その結果、固体物が付着するおそれがある。
なお、本明細書中、水分含有率(質量%)とは、[(乾燥前の固体物の質量)−(乾燥後の固体物の質量)]×100/(乾燥前の固体物の質量)、の式で算出される数値をいう。
The water content (lower limit) of the solid containing water is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 65% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 70% by mass or more. When the content is less than 60% by mass, the problem that the solid substance containing water freezes and adheres to the loading surface is unlikely to occur even in a low temperature (for example, −25 to 0° C.) environment.
The water content (upper limit value) of the solid containing water is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 85% by mass or less. When the content exceeds 95% by mass, the amount of water flowing down from the solid material after the solid material is loaded on the loading surface is large, so that the loading surface, the adhesion preventive layer, and the solid material are spread over the loading surface. As a result, a frozen portion integrally formed is likely to be formed, and as a result, a solid matter may adhere.
In the present specification, the water content (mass %) is [(mass of solid matter before drying)-(mass of solid matter after drying)] x 100/(mass of solid matter before drying). It means the numerical value calculated by the formula.

積載手段の例としては、トラック(例えば、ダンプカー)、貨車等の車両や、定置式のコンテナ等が挙げられる。なお、車両は、水分を含む固体物を特定の場所に移動させるときに用いられる。定置式のコンテナは、水分を含む固体物を特定の期間、保管するときに用いられる。
また、水分を含む固体物を積載するための積載面の例としては、車両の荷台の面や、定置式のコンテナの底面等が挙げられる。
以下、本発明の方法について、工程ごとに詳しく説明する。
Examples of the loading means include vehicles such as trucks (for example, dump trucks) and freight cars, and stationary containers. The vehicle is used when moving a solid substance containing water to a specific place. The stationary container is used to store a solid substance containing water for a specific period.
Further, examples of the loading surface for loading the solid matter containing water include the surface of the loading platform of the vehicle and the bottom surface of the stationary container.
Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described in detail for each step.

[付着防止層形成工程]
本工程は、積載面に、凍結による積載面への固体物の付着を防止するための、粉粒状物からなる付着防止層を形成させる工程である。
ここで、粉粒状物とは、粉状の物、粒状の物、または、これら両方を含む物をいう。本明細書中、粉状の物とは、粒度が0.5mm未満のものをいう。粒状の物とは、粒度が0.5mmを超えるものをいう。
粉粒状物の例としては、多孔質ケイ酸カルシウム水和物、パーライト、活性炭、珪質頁岩、及び、バーミキュライト等が挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で、または、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
中でも、入手の容易性や排出後の固体物の再利用(例えば、セメントの原料としての再利用)において悪影響を及ぼさない等の観点から、多孔質ケイ酸カルシウム水和物が好ましい。
多孔質ケイ酸カルシウム水和物の例としては、トバモライト、ゾノトライト、CSHゲル、フォシャジャイト、ジャイロライト、及び、ヒレブランダイト等が挙げられる。
[Adhesion prevention layer forming step]
This step is a step of forming, on the loading surface, an anti-adhesion layer made of powdery particles for preventing adhesion of solid matter to the loading surface due to freezing.
Here, the powdery or granular material means a powdery material, a granular material, or a material containing both of them. In the present specification, the powdery material means a material having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm. The granular material has a particle size of more than 0.5 mm.
Examples of powdery granules include porous calcium silicate hydrate, perlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, vermiculite and the like. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
Among them, the porous calcium silicate hydrate is preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability and no adverse effect on reuse of the solid substance after discharge (for example, reuse as a raw material of cement).
Examples of porous calcium silicate hydrates include tobermorite, xonotlite, CSH gel, foshajite, gyrolite, and hellebrandite.

中でも、入手の容易性および経済性の観点から、トバモライトが好適である。トバモライトとしては、天然の鉱物を用いてもよいが、入手の容易性の観点から、トバモライトを主成分とする軽量気泡コンクリート(ALC)を用いることが好ましい。
ここで、軽量気泡コンクリートとは、トバモライト、および、未反応の珪石からなるものであり、かつ、80体積%程度の空隙率を有するものである。ここで、空隙率とは、コンクリートの全体積中の、空隙の体積の合計の割合をいう。
軽量気泡コンクリート中のトバモライトの割合は、軽量気泡コンクリートの内部の空隙部分を除く固相の全体を100体積%として、通常、65〜80体積%程度である。
軽量気泡コンクリートは、例えば、珪石粉末、セメント、生石灰粉末、発泡剤(例えば、アルミニウム粉末)、水等を含む原料(例えば、これらの混合物からなる硬化体)をオートクレーブ養生することによって得ることができる。
Among them, tobermorite is preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability and economy. As the tobermorite, a natural mineral may be used, but from the viewpoint of easy availability, lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) containing tobermorite as a main component is preferably used.
Here, the lightweight cellular concrete is composed of tobermorite and unreacted silica stone, and has a porosity of about 80% by volume. Here, the porosity refers to the ratio of the total volume of the voids in the total volume of concrete.
The proportion of tobermorite in the lightweight cellular concrete is usually about 65 to 80% by volume, with 100% by volume of the entire solid phase excluding the void portion inside the lightweight cellular concrete.
Light-weight aerated concrete can be obtained, for example, by autoclaving a raw material (for example, a hardened body made of a mixture thereof) containing silica stone powder, cement, quick lime powder, a foaming agent (for example, aluminum powder), water and the like. ..

パーライトは、真珠岩、珪藻土等の鉱物原料を高温で加熱することによって得られる発泡体である。
活性炭は、吸着性能を高めるために化学的処理等が施されてなる、炭素を主成分として含む多孔質の物質である。
珪質頁岩は、非晶質の珪酸を主成分として含む頁岩である。珪質頁岩の好ましい一例としては、多数の細孔を有する稚内層珪質頁岩(北海道の稚内地方で産出する、珪藻土が岩石化してなるもの)が挙げられる。
バーミキュライトは、蛭石を高温で加熱することによって得られる発泡体である。
Perlite is a foam obtained by heating mineral raw materials such as pearlite and diatomaceous earth at high temperatures.
Activated carbon is a porous substance containing carbon as a main component, which has been subjected to a chemical treatment or the like to enhance adsorption performance.
The siliceous shale is a shale containing amorphous silicic acid as a main component. A preferable example of the siliceous shale is a Wakkanai layer siliceous shale having many pores (a diatomaceous earth produced in the Wakkanai region of Hokkaido).
Vermiculite is a foam obtained by heating vermiculite at high temperatures.

上記粉粒状物の粒度は、好ましくは0.5〜10mm、より好ましくは1〜8mm、さらに好ましくは2〜6mm、特に好ましくは3〜5mmである。
該粒度が0.5mm以上であれば、付着防止層を形成する際や、該層の上面に固体物を積載する際や、固体物を排出させる際に、粉塵がより発生しにくくなる。該粒度が10mm以下であれば、付着防止層の上面に積載された固体物に含まれる水分が、付着防止層を形成している粉粒状物を構成する粒子同士の隙間から浸透して積載面に到達しにくくなるため、凍結による積載面への固体物の付着を、より一層、防止することができる。
なお、本明細書中、粒度の値は、篩の目開き寸法に対応する値である。
The particle size of the powdery or granular material is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm, more preferably 1 to 8 mm, further preferably 2 to 6 mm, and particularly preferably 3 to 5 mm.
When the particle size is 0.5 mm or more, dust is less likely to be generated when forming the anti-adhesion layer, loading a solid material on the upper surface of the layer, or discharging the solid material. When the particle size is 10 mm or less, the water contained in the solid material loaded on the upper surface of the adhesion preventing layer permeates through the gaps between the particles forming the powdery particles forming the adhesion preventing layer, and the loading surface. Therefore, it is possible to further prevent the solid matter from adhering to the loading surface due to freezing.
In addition, in this specification, the value of a particle size is a value corresponding to the opening size of a sieve.

上記粉粒状物のかさ密度は、好ましくは0.2〜1.0g/cm、より好ましくは0.3〜0.8g/cm、特に好ましくは0.4〜0.6g/cmである。該かさ密度が0.2g/cm未満の粉粒状は、入手が困難である。該かさ密度が1.0g/cm以下であれば、付着防止層の材料である粉粒状物の単位体積当たりの質量が過大にならないので、作業性を向上させることができる。 The bulk density of the powdery or granular material is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 g/cm 3 , more preferably 0.3 to 0.8 g/cm 3 , and particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.6 g/cm 3 . is there. The powdery granules having a bulk density of less than 0.2 g/cm 3 are difficult to obtain. When the bulk density is 1.0 g/cm 3 or less, the mass per unit volume of the powdery or granular material which is the material of the adhesion preventing layer does not become excessive, so that workability can be improved.

付着防止層の厚さは、好ましくは2〜10cm、より好ましくは3〜8cm、さらに好ましくは4〜7cm、特に好ましくは4〜6cmである。
上記厚さが2cm以上であれば、凍結による積載面への固体物の付着がより起こりにくくなる。
上記厚さが10cm以下であれば、付着防止層を形成する際や、該層の上面に固体物を積載する際や、固体物を排出させる際に、粉塵がより発生しにくくなる。また、付着防止層を形成させるために必要な粉粒状物の量をより少なくして、付着防止層の形成にかかるコストをより低くすることができる。
The thickness of the anti-adhesion layer is preferably 2 to 10 cm, more preferably 3 to 8 cm, further preferably 4 to 7 cm, particularly preferably 4 to 6 cm.
When the thickness is 2 cm or more, solid matter is less likely to adhere to the loading surface due to freezing.
When the thickness is 10 cm or less, dust is less likely to be generated when forming the anti-adhesion layer, loading a solid substance on the upper surface of the layer, or discharging the solid substance. In addition, the amount of powdery particles required for forming the anti-adhesion layer can be further reduced, and the cost for forming the anti-adhesion layer can be further reduced.

[固体物積載工程及び固体物排出工程]
固体物積載工程は、前工程で形成された付着防止層の上面に、固体物を積載する工程である。固体物を積載する方法や固体物の積載量は特に限定されず、積載手段の種類(例えば、ダンプカーの大きさ)等に応じて、適宜定めればよい。
固体物排出工程は、積載手段から固体物を排出させる工程である。固体物を排出させる方法は特に限定されず、積載手段(例えば、ダンプカーにおける水平面と傾斜面のいずれかの状態を任意に定め得る荷台)等に応じて、適宜定めればよい。
[Solid material loading process and solid material discharging process]
The solid material loading step is a step of loading the solid material on the upper surface of the adhesion preventing layer formed in the previous step. The method of loading solid objects and the loading amount of solid objects are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the type of loading means (for example, the size of a dump truck) and the like.
The solid matter discharging step is a step of discharging the solid matter from the loading means. The method for discharging the solid matter is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined depending on the loading means (for example, a loading platform that can arbitrarily determine the state of either the horizontal plane or the inclined surface of the dump truck).

以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
[使用材料]
(1)固体物;脱水汚泥(固形分中の土壌由来成分の含有率が50質量%以上で、かつ、水分含有率が70質量%のもの)
(2)粉粒状物;軽量気泡コンクリート成形体を破砕及び粉砕してなるもの(多孔質ケイ酸カルシウム水和物;粒度:3〜5mm、かさ密度:0.5g/cm
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Materials used]
(1) Solid matter; dehydrated sludge (containing 50% by mass or more of soil-derived components in the solid content and 70% by mass of water content)
(2) Powder/granular material: a product obtained by crushing and crushing a lightweight cellular concrete molding (porous calcium silicate hydrate; particle size: 3 to 5 mm, bulk density: 0.5 g/cm 3 ).

[実施例1]
8トンのダンプカーの荷台の底面の上に、上記粉粒状物約80kgを、厚さがほぼ均一になるように供給して、上記粉粒状物からなる付着防止層を形成した。付着防止層の厚さは4〜6cmであった。次いで、ダンプカーの荷台に、上記固体物7,000kgを供給して、付着防止層の上面に固体物を積載した。
−20℃の環境下で、ダンプカーを12時間静置した後、ダンプカーの後進及び停止の動作を1回行い、次いで、荷台を傾けて、固体物を排出させたところ、固体物が荷台に付着して残存することなく、積載された固体物のすべてが落下した。
固体物の排出に要した時間は、5分間であった。
なお、荷台の底面と付着防止層の境界面は、乾燥した状態が保たれており、凍結は見られなかった。
[Example 1]
About 80 kg of the above-mentioned powdery or granular material was supplied onto the bottom surface of the loading platform of an 8-ton dump truck so that the thickness was substantially uniform, to form an adhesion preventing layer made of the above-mentioned powdery or granular material. The thickness of the anti-adhesion layer was 4 to 6 cm. Then, 7,000 kg of the above solid material was supplied to the bed of the dump truck, and the solid material was loaded on the upper surface of the adhesion preventing layer.
After the dump truck was left standing for 12 hours in an environment of -20°C, the dump truck was moved backward and stopped once, and then the loading platform was tilted to discharge the solid matter. The solid matter adhered to the loading platform. Then, all of the loaded solid objects fell without remaining.
The time required for discharging the solid matter was 5 minutes.
The interface between the bottom surface of the platform and the anti-adhesion layer was kept dry and no freezing was observed.

[比較例1]
上記粉粒状物を使用せず、ダンプカーの荷台の底面に直接、上記固体物7,000kgを供給する以外は実施例1と同様にして、ダンプカーの荷台に固体物を積載した。
−20℃の環境下で、ダンプカーを12時間静置したところ、固体物が凍結して荷台に付着していた。
このため、ダンプカーをセメントキルン(熱源)の真下に移動させて、静置した。
荷台への固体物の付着部分(凍結した部分)を融解させるまでに、3時間を要した。
[Comparative Example 1]
The solid material was loaded on the cargo bed of the dump truck in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above-mentioned powdery or granular material was not used and 7,000 kg of the above solid material was directly supplied to the bottom surface of the cargo bed of the dump truck.
When the dump truck was left standing for 12 hours in an environment of −20° C., the solid matter was frozen and adhered to the bed.
Therefore, the dump truck was moved directly below the cement kiln (heat source) and allowed to stand still.
It took 3 hours to thaw the adhered portion (frozen portion) of the solid material on the bed.

Claims (6)

水分を含む固体物を積載するための積載面を有する積載手段に、上記固体物を積載し、その後、排出させるための、固体物の積載及び排出方法であって、
上記積載面に、凍結による上記積載面への上記固体物の付着を防止するための、粉粒状物からなる付着防止層を形成させる付着防止層形成工程と、
上記付着防止層の上面に、上記固体物を積載する固体物積載工程と、
上記積載手段から上記固体物を排出させる固体物排出工程、
を含むことを特徴とする固体物の積載及び排出方法。
A method for loading and discharging solid matter, comprising loading the solid matter on a loading means having a loading surface for loading solid matter containing water, and then discharging the solid matter,
An adhesion-preventing layer forming step of forming an adhesion-preventing layer made of powdery or granular material on the loading surface to prevent adhesion of the solid matter to the loading surface due to freezing,
A solid matter loading step of loading the solid matter on the upper surface of the adhesion preventing layer;
A solid matter discharging step of discharging the solid matter from the loading means,
A method for loading and discharging solid matter, which comprises:
上記粉粒状物の粒度が、0.5〜10mmである請求項1に記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。 The method for loading and discharging solid matter according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the powdery or granular material is 0.5 to 10 mm. 上記粉粒状物が、多孔質ケイ酸カルシウム水和物、パーライト、活性炭、珪質頁岩、及びバーミキュライトからなる群より選ばれる1種以上からなる請求項1又は2に記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。 The loading and discharging of solid matter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the powdery or granular material comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of porous calcium silicate hydrate, perlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, and vermiculite. Method. 上記付着防止層の厚さが、2〜10cmである請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。 The method for loading and discharging solid matter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adhesion preventing layer has a thickness of 2 to 10 cm. 上記固体物は、土壌を主成分として含む廃棄物に由来する、水分含有率が60質量%以上のものである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。 The method for loading and discharging solid matter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solid matter is derived from waste containing soil as a main component and has a water content of 60 mass% or more. 上記積載手段が車両であり、かつ、上記積載面が荷台の面である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の固体物の積載及び排出方法。 6. The method for loading and unloading solid matter according to claim 1, wherein the loading means is a vehicle, and the loading surface is a surface of a loading platform.
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