JP7300296B2 - Method of loading and unloading solid objects - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method of loading and discharging solids (eg bottom ash).

When discharging a load such as mud or snow from a truck bed, it may be difficult to discharge the entire load due to friction between the load and the surface of the bed.
Various techniques have been proposed in the past to alleviate this problem.
For example, in Patent Document 1, a box-shaped loading platform is covered with a plastic molding (for example, one having a sheet-like shape) to smoothly move loads (for example, soil, surplus soil, or snow). A vehicle is described which is characterized by the
In Patent Document 2, a friction-reducing coating containing a powdered water-soluble polymer is applied to a vessel wall (e.g., truck bed) in contact with water-containing particles/mud (e.g., sludge, solidified soil, mud, soil or snow). A method for forming a friction-reducing coating is described, which comprises supplying a forming agent and causing a swollen powdered water-soluble polymer in the presence of water to adhere to the walls of a vessel to form a coating of the water-soluble polymer. .

JP 2004-306674 A JP 2015-93977 A

When incinerated bottom ash is loaded onto a loading platform of a loading means (e.g., vehicle) such as a truck (e.g., dump truck) or a container, etc., the hydraulic component contained in the incineration bottom ash (e.g., calcium aluminate , calcium silicate, etc.) reacts with moisture to cause caking. etc. In this case, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to discharge the incinerated bottom ash from the loading means.
An object of the present invention is to provide a means for loading solids (for example, trucks) by solidifying solids (for example, incinerator bottom ash) that have the property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture. ) can be prevented from strongly adhering to the loading surface (for example, the surface of a loading platform), and the solid object can be easily discharged from the loading surface of loading means.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that a loading means (e.g., truck) having a loading surface (e.g., a bed surface) for loading solid materials such as incineration bottom ash. When loading a solid object, a powdery or granular material (for example, made of porous calcium silicate hydrate) is applied to the loading surface in advance to prevent the solid object from strongly adhering to the loading surface. The inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by forming an anti-adhesion layer consisting of ), and completed the present invention.

The present invention provides the following [1] to [6].
[1] Loading means having a loading surface for loading a solid material that has the property of caking with the passage of time in the presence of moisture (also referred to herein as a "caking solid material"). , a solid object loading and discharging method for loading and then discharging the solid object, wherein the solid object is prevented from firmly adhering to the loading surface, An anti-adhesion layer forming step of forming an anti-adhesion layer made of powdery or granular material (also referred to herein as "powder or granular material for anti-adhesion"); and loading the solid material on the upper surface of the anti-adhesion layer. A solid object loading and discharging method, comprising: a solid object loading step; and a solid object discharging step of discharging the solid object from the loading means.
[2] Loading and discharging solids according to [1] above, wherein the solids are at least one selected from the group consisting of bottom ash, fly ash, coal ash, and flue gas desulfurization sludge. Method.
[3] Loading and discharging solids according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the powdery or granular material contains particles having a particle size within the range of 0.1 to 4 mm at a rate of 70% by mass or more. Method.
[4] Any of the above [1] to [3], wherein the powdery or granular material is at least one selected from the group consisting of porous calcium silicate hydrate, perlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, and vermiculite. A method for loading and unloading solid objects according to claim 1.
[5] The method for loading and discharging solids as described in any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the anti-adhesion layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 cm.
[6] The method for loading and discharging solid objects according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the loading means is a vehicle, and the loading surface is the surface of a loading platform.

According to the present invention, caking solids such as incinerator bottom ash are gradually solidified by reaction with moisture (in particular, moisture contained in the caking solids), and the solids Firm adhesion to the loading surface (eg, the surface of the bed) of the loading means (eg, truck) can be effectively prevented. Further, the solid matter can be easily discharged from the loading surface of the loading means.

In the method of loading and unloading a solid object of the present invention, the solid object is loaded on a loading means having a loading surface for loading the solid object that has the property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture. A method for loading and discharging a solid object for discharging, after that, an anti-adhesion layer made of powdery or granular material on the loading surface for preventing the solid object from firmly adhering to the loading surface. a solid object loading step of loading the solid object on the top surface of the adhesion preventive layer; and a solid object discharging step of discharging the solid object from the loading means.
As used herein, the term "a solid material that has the property of solidifying over time in the presence of moisture" is contained in the solid material due to the inclusion of a trace amount of hydraulic components. Moisture or other moisture (e.g., rainwater from rainfall when the solid is loaded) causes a gradual reaction and solidifies within a week (especially powder). .

Examples of solids that have the property of solidifying over time in the presence of moisture (caking solids) include incineration bottom ash, incineration fly ash, coal ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and the like. . These exemplified substances can be used singly or in combination of two or more for loading and discharging in the present invention.

Examples of loading means include vehicles such as trucks (for example, dump trucks) and freight cars, stationary containers, and the like. Vehicles are used to move caking solids such as incineration bottom ash to a specific location. Stationary containers are used to store caking solids such as bottom ash for a specified period of time.
Examples of the loading surface for loading caking solids such as incinerated bottom ash include the surface of the cargo bed of a vehicle and the bottom surface of a stationary container.
Each step of the method of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[Anti-adhesion layer forming step]
In the anti-adhesion layer forming step, a powdery or granular layer is formed on the loading surface of the loading means (for example, the surface of the bed of a truck) to prevent solid adhesion of caking solids such as incineration bottom ash to the loading surface. It is a step of forming an anti-adhesion layer made of a material.
Here, the term "powder or granular material" refers to a powdery material, a granular material, or a material containing both of them. In the present specification, powdery substances refer to those having a particle size of 0.5 mm or less. Granular substances refer to those with a particle size exceeding 0.5 mm.
Examples of adhesion-preventing powdery particles include porous calcium silicate hydrate, perlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, and vermiculite. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
Among them, porous calcium silicate hydrate is preferably used from the viewpoint of ease of availability and ease of processing in the treatment of caking solids after discharge (for example, turning incinerated bottom ash into raw material for cement). be done.

Examples of porous calcium silicate hydrates include tobermorite, xonotlite, CSH gel, foshagite, gyrolite, hillebrandite, and the like.
Among them, tobermorite is preferable from the viewpoint of availability and economy. Natural minerals may be used as tobermorite, but from the viewpoint of easy availability, it is preferable to use lightweight cellular concrete containing tobermorite as a main component.
Here, the lightweight cellular concrete is composed of tobermorite and unreacted silica stone, and has a porosity of about 80% by volume. Here, the porosity refers to the ratio of the total volume of voids to the total volume of concrete.
The ratio of tobermorite in the lightweight cellular concrete is usually about 65 to 80% by volume based on 100% by volume of the entire solid phase excluding the internal voids of the lightweight cellular concrete.
Lightweight cellular concrete can be obtained, for example, by autoclave-curing a raw material containing silica powder, cement, quicklime powder, a foaming agent (such as aluminum powder), water, etc. .

Perlite is a foam obtained by heating mineral raw materials such as perlite and diatomaceous earth at high temperatures.
Activated carbon is a porous substance containing carbon as a main component, which is chemically treated to enhance adsorption performance.
Siliceous shale is shale containing amorphous silicic acid as a main component. A preferred example of the siliceous shale is the Wakkanai Formation siliceous shale (a petrified diatomaceous earth produced in the Wakkanai region of Hokkaido) having a large number of pores.
Vermiculite is a foam obtained by heating vermiculite to high temperatures.

The adhesion-preventing powdery or granular material used in this step preferably has a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 4 mm in an amount of 70% by mass or more (preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more). and more preferably 70% by mass or more (preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more) having a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm. and particularly preferably contains particles having a particle size within the range of 0.1 to 2.5 mm in a proportion of 70% by mass or more (preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more).
If the particle size is 0.1 mm or more, the adhesion-preventing powdery particles supplied to the loading surface of the loading means (for example, the surface of the bed of a truck) are not scattered around the loading surface in strong winds. can be suppressed. If the particle size is 4 mm or less, it is possible to more effectively prevent the hard adhesion of the caking solid matter to the loading surface.
In this specification, the value of particle size is a value corresponding to the mesh size of the sieve.

The "water absorption" of the adhesion-preventing powdery or granular material used in this step is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 50% or more, as a value measured according to the "Hillgard method" for measuring the maximum water capacity of soil. 60% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more.
When the value is 50% or more, it is possible to more effectively prevent strong adhesion of the caking solid matter to the loading surface.

The thickness of the anti-adhesion layer is preferably 0.1 cm or more, more preferably 0.2 cm or more, still more preferably 0.2 cm or more, from the viewpoint of more effectively preventing strong adhesion of the caking solid matter to the loading surface. is 0.3 cm or more, more preferably 0.4 cm or more, and particularly preferably 0.5 cm or more.
The thickness is from the viewpoint of avoiding inconvenience caused by an excessive amount of the adhesion-preventing powdery or granular material (for example, an increase in cost when preparing a large amount of the adhesion-preventing powdery or granular material or an increase in burden during transportation). is preferably 10 cm or less, more preferably 8 cm or less, still more preferably 6 cm or less, still more preferably 4 cm or less, even more preferably 2 cm or less, and particularly preferably 1 cm or less.

[Solid object loading process]
The solid loading step is a step of loading a caking solid on the upper surface of the anti-adhesion layer formed in the anti-adhesion layer forming step.
The method of loading the caking solids and the loading amount of the caking solids are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the type of loading means (for example, the size of the dump truck).
The thickness of the caking solid material loaded on the loading surface of the loading means is not particularly limited, but is usually 50 to 150 cm.

[Solid material discharge process]
The solid matter discharging step is a step of discharging the caking solid matter from the loading means.
The method of discharging the caking solids is not particularly limited. For example, when the loading means is a dump truck, the tiltable loading platform of the dump truck is tilted to tilt the loading platform surface, and the powdery particles for adhesion prevention are applied. A method of sliding off a caking solid object with the object is included.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Materials used]
(1) Caking solid matter; Incineration bottom ash (moisture content: 30% by mass) generated at an incineration plant
(2) Particles for adhesion prevention (calcium silicate-containing material): Crushed lightweight cellular concrete containing tobermorite (porous calcium silicate hydrate; water absorption: 70% or more)
In addition, the "moisture content" of the caking solid (including moisture) is [(mass of caking solid before drying, including moisture) - (mass of caking solid after drying )]×100/(mass of caking solid before drying, including moisture).
Further, the "water absorption" of the adhesion-preventing powdery or granular material is a value measured according to the "Hillgard method" as described above.

[Example 1]
Inside a stainless steel formwork for mortar strength testing (only the upper surface is open; internal dimensions: length 160 mm x width 136 mm x height 40 mm; bottom surface simulates the loading surface of the loading means) In addition, 90% by mass or more of an anti-adhesion powder or granular material (calcium silicate-containing material; having a particle size within the range of 0.1 to 2.5 mm) so that the thickness is 0.3 cm ) was spread to form an anti-adhesion layer.
Next, 1,080 g of a caking solid (incincinal bottom ash) was placed on the top surface of the anti-adhesion layer, and vibration was applied to level it so that the thickness was uniform. A layer was formed.
The upper surface of the solid layer was covered with a food wrap film (made of synthetic resin), and a weight of 20 kg was further placed on the food wrap film so that a uniform load was applied to the upper surface of the solid layer. . As a result, the pressure applied to the bottom surface of the formwork is the same as the pressure applied to the surface of the bed of an 8-ton truck (dimensions: 3,450 mm x 2,000 mm) when 7 tons of bottom ash are loaded. to some extent.

Next, the mold containing the caking solid matter (incinerated bottom ash) was cured for 7 days in a room at a temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of 70%. After that, only the side forming part was removed from the formwork, and a structure was obtained in which a solid material layer composed of incineration bottom ash was placed on the bottom plate of the formwork via an anti-adhesion layer.
A digital force gauge (manufactured by Imada, model number: DS2-500N) is brought into contact with the side surface (width 136 mm × height 40 mm) of the solid layer in this structure, and this gauge is used to measure the horizontal direction with respect to the solid layer. was gradually increased, and the load when the solid layer started to slide (load at the start of sliding) was measured. The load at the start of sliding was 19.5N.

[Example 2]
The load at the start of sliding was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the anti-adhesion layer was changed from 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm. The load at the start of sliding was 14.2N.
[Comparative Example 1]
The load at the start of sliding was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the anti-adhesion layer made of the calcium silicate-containing material was not formed. The load at the start of sliding was 29.5N.
Table 1 shows the above results.
From Table 1, in Examples 1 and 2, compared to Comparative Example 1, the value of the load at the start of sliding was small, and the solid layer composed of incineration bottom ash was strong against the surface simulating the loading surface of the loading means. It can be seen that the adhesion (29.5 N in Comparative Example 1) is greatly alleviated.

Claims (3)

Loading of a solid material for loading the solid material on a loading means having a loading surface for loading the solid material having the property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture, and then discharging the solid material. and a discharge method,
an adhesion prevention layer forming step of forming an adhesion prevention layer made of the powdery or granular material for preventing the solid matter from firmly adhering to the loading surface by spreading the powdery or granular material on the loading surface;
a solid object loading step of loading the solid object on the upper surface of the anti-adhesion layer;
a solid object discharging step of discharging the solid object from the loading means;
including
The solid matter consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of incinerator bottom ash, incinerator fly ash, coal ash, and flue gas desulfurization sludge,
The powdery or granular material is at least one selected from the group consisting of porous calcium silicate hydrate, perlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, and vermiculite,
A method for loading and unloading solid objects , wherein the anti-adhesion layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 cm . 2. The method of loading and discharging solid objects according to claim 1 , wherein the powdery and granular substances contain particles having a particle size within the range of 0.1 to 4 mm at a rate of 70% by mass or more. 3. The method of loading and unloading a solid object according to claim 1 , wherein said loading means is a vehicle, and said loading surface is a surface of a loading platform.