JP2020079493A - Leveling method at concrete placing and leveling device at concrete placing - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a leveling method at concrete placing and a leveling device at concrete placing capable of improving surveying accuracy while simplifying a surveying method.SOLUTION: A leveling method at placing concrete includes: a first step of placing concrete between a pair of rails on which a truss screed for leveling the surface of the concrete is placed; a second step of installing a laser oscillator for irradiating a laser beam on one of the pair of rails so as to maintain a predetermined height; a third step of placing the reference on the other of the pair of rails so that the reference formed for alignment of the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator is maintained at a predetermined height; and a fourth step of roughly leveling the surface of the concrete based on a position of the laser beam irradiated from the laser transmitter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a leveling method for leveling a concrete surface and a leveling device for pouring the concrete on the surface of the concrete.

  In order to form a flat surface such as a floor surface, there is a step of pouring concrete for a slab and then leveling the surface of the concrete with a machine or the like. When leveling a concrete surface, the level of the concrete surface is measured, for example, by optical surveying. In the optical survey, for example, a rotating laser, an auto level, a laser oscillator, etc. are used.

  When a rotating laser is used, the rotating laser is installed at a height of about 1.5 m, and the laser is irradiated to the laser receiver attached to the level bar to check the level. This measurement is performed, for example, for each pitch of about 1.8 m. In the measurement using the rotating laser, normally, the position of the rotating laser is not changed every time the measurement is re-arranged, as long as the rotating laser does not become a blind spot from the place where it is placed on the pillar or wall. Measurement with a rotating laser requires one operator on the side holding the laser receiver.

  When using the auto level, the operator grasps the level bar in an upright position, looks at the auto level, and reads the scale of the level bar to check the level. For surveying using the auto level, two workers are required on the side operating the auto level and the side having the level bar.

  A surveying device such as a rotating laser and an auto level is installed at about the chest level of the worker. In a survey using a rotating laser and an automatic level, an operator stands a level bar at a measurement point and swings the level bar back and forth and left and right with the ground as a fulcrum, and the measurer records the maximum value of the scale marked on the level bar. However, according to this measuring method, an error in the height direction occurs due to the inclination of the level bar or the light receiver. For example, when a level bar of 1500 [mm] is used, a tilt of 5 degrees is 5.7 [mm], a tilt of 2.1 degrees is 1 [mm], and a tilt of 1 degree is 0.02 [mm]. A height error occurs. In measurement with a general rotating laser or auto level, an error of about ±1.5 [mm] occurs around 30 [m].

  Further, in the measurement with the rotating laser and the automatic level, the level needs to be corrected when the measurement is changed, and a change error may occur at this time. Further, the measurement at the auto level requires a communication between the person who operates the auto level and the worker who has the level bar, and the measurement takes time.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a method for constructing a concrete floor using an apparatus including a truss screed for leveling the surface of concrete. This device is provided with a transverse auger in front of a screed machine for leveling with a laser in the advancing direction, and reciprocates the auger to rough the concrete before the concrete is leveled by the screed machine. This device automatically receives laser light emitted from a laser oscillator and automatically adjusts the height of the screed machine.

JP-A-9-235881

  Since the device described in Patent Document 1 includes a mechanism for automatically adjusting the height, the device configuration becomes complicated. Since this device reciprocates the auger to perform roughening, the accuracy of leveling roughening is reduced.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides a leveling method during concrete pouring and a leveling device during concrete pouring that can improve surveying accuracy while simplifying the surveying method. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first step of placing concrete between a pair of rails on which truss screeds for leveling the surface of concrete are placed, and laser emission for irradiating laser light. A second step of installing the device on one of the pair of rails so that a predetermined height is maintained, and a reference formed for alignment of the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator are predetermined. A third step of installing the reference on the other of the pair of rails so as to maintain the height, and roughening the surface of the concrete based on the position of the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator. And a fourth step, which is a leveling method for pouring concrete.

  According to the present invention, by arranging the laser oscillator at a predetermined position on one rail and further arranging the reference of the laser light at the predetermined position on the other rail, the leveling of the surface of the concrete using the laser light is performed. Can be performed easily.

  Further, in the leveling method at the time of pouring concrete according to the present invention, in the second step, the laser oscillator is upward from the top of the rail so that the laser light to be emitted passes near the surface of the concrete. It may be configured to be installed at a predetermined distance.

  According to the present invention, the laser light emitted by installing the laser oscillator on one rail can pass near the surface of the concrete.

  Further, the leveling method at the time of pouring concrete according to the present invention is, in the fourth step, irradiating the laser beam on a scale provided on a level rod standing up from the trowel, based on the position of the laser beam. The surface of the concrete may be roughened by moving the trowel.

  According to the present invention, by performing the roughening of the surface of the concrete while visually observing the laser light passing near the surface of the concrete with the scale provided on the trowel, it is possible to significantly reduce the error in the height direction. You can

  Further, in the leveling method for pouring concrete according to the present invention, after the fourth step, the truss screed is moved on the pair of rails, and the roughening is performed in the fourth step. It may be configured to further include a fifth step of finishing and smoothing the surface of the concrete.

  According to the present invention, after the roughening of the surface of the concrete is performed, the truss screed is moved on the pair of rails, whereby the surface of the concrete can be finished and leveled at the height of the rails.

  The leveling device at the time of pouring concrete according to the present invention is a leveling device at the time of pouring concrete applied to construction of a truss screed for leveling the surface of concrete by moving on a pair of rails, A laser oscillator for irradiating a laser beam, a first jig on which the laser oscillator is placed and which is installed on one of the pair of rails between which concrete is placed, and on the other of the pair of rails. A second jig that is installed and receives the laser light and has a reference for alignment of the laser light formed thereon; and the first jig roughens the surface of the concrete. The laser oscillator may be installed at a predetermined height so that the scale is provided on a level rod standing upright from the trowel to irradiate the laser beam.

  According to the present invention, by installing the first jig on one rail, the laser oscillator is arranged at a predetermined position, and by installing the second jig on the other rail, the reference of the laser beam is predetermined. Since it is arranged at the position, leveling of the concrete surface using laser light can be easily performed.

  According to the leveling method for pouring concrete and the leveling device for pouring concrete according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the surveying accuracy while simplifying the surveying method.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the truss screed relevant to the leveling method of the surface of the concrete which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the process of installing a pair of rails on level concrete. It is a figure which shows an example of the process of placing the concrete for slabs between a pair of rails. It is a figure which shows an example of the process of installing a leveling device to a pair of rails, and leveling concrete. It is a figure which shows an example of the process of leveling the concrete which concerns on a modification.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a leveling method for pouring concrete according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  After concrete is poured to form a slab surface such as a floor surface, a machine may be used or a person may perform the step of smoothing the surface of the concrete to finish the surface. The case of using a machine will be described below.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a truss screed 1 having a truss structure is used for widening the surface of the concrete after pouring. The truss screed 1 is for carrying out finish leveling while moving the surface of concrete after being leveled with a fixed tree formed of a long rectangular rod or the like.

  The truss screed 1, for example, is placed so as to straddle over the pair of rails R, and then moves along the axial direction of the rails R by winding a wire with a winch (not shown) by power or human power. The rail R is formed so as to extend at a predetermined height along the place where the concrete is placed. The rail R serves as a formwork for the concrete to be placed, and also serves as a guide for the truss screed 1 to move while leveling the concrete surface as the top end.

  The truss screed 1 includes, for example, a main body portion 10 to which a plurality of truss units 2 which are units of one truss are connected. The span of the main body 10 is determined by the distance between the pair of rails R. A blade (trowel part 15) having a strip-shaped plate-like bottom is attached to the bottom of the main body 10. Above the trowel portion 15, for example, a plurality of vibrating vibrators 18 are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction. The vibration vibrator 18 gives vibration to the trowel portion 15 via a member of the truss.

  The plurality of vibration vibrators 18 generate vibrations, for example, by rotation of a shaft (not shown) arranged at the bottom of the main body 10. When the shaft is driven by a power source (not shown) such as an engine or air pressure, the shaft rotates and vibration is transmitted to the trowel part 15. Thereby, the surface of the concrete is smoothed by vibrating the trowel portion 15 to the surface of the concrete after the roughening.

  A bending adjusting portion 11 for adjusting the bending of the main body portion 10 is provided at the plurality of connecting portions on the upper portion of the main body portion 10. The deflection adjusting unit 11 is, for example, a turnbuckle including a left screw and a right screw. Tightening the turnbuckle will increase the flexure and loosening it will decrease the flexure. When the distance between the pair of rails R is long and the main body portion 10 bends downward, the deflection adjusting portion 11 is adjusted to linearly form the bottom surface of the trowel portion 15 to form the top of the concrete.

  Next, leveling of concrete for slabs will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, after level concrete C1 is cast on the ground or the like and hardened, a pair of rails R1 and R2 are laid parallel to each other on the upper surface of level concrete C1. The pair of rails R1 and R2 are, for example, steel materials having an L-shaped cross section. The rail R1 includes a horizontal flange R1A and a vertical web R1B when viewed in cross section. Similar to the rail R1, the rail R2 includes a horizontal flange R2A and a vertical web R2B when viewed in cross section.

  The pair of rails R1 and R2 are arranged so that the respective flanges R1A and R2A are on the outside. The level concrete C1 has holes for fixing the pair of rails R1 and R2. The pair of rails R1 and R2 are fixed to the level concrete C1 by tightening the nut N into the anchor bolt B inserted into the drilled hole and the holes formed in the flanges R1A and R2A.

  As shown in FIG. 3, after laying the pair of rails R1 and R2, concrete C2 is placed between the pair of rails R1 and R2. The web R1B of the rail R1 and the web R2B of the rail R2 are forms of concrete C2 for the slab.

  As shown in FIG. 4, after the concrete C2 is poured, the surface of the concrete C2 is roughened through steps such as compaction. At this time, a leveling device 30 using a laser is used. For roughening the surface of the concrete C2, for example, a trowel 20 is used.

  The trowel 20 includes, for example, a bar-shaped level rod 21 and a trowel portion 22 provided at one end of the level rod 21. The trowel part 22 is a strip-shaped plate-shaped body. The level bar 21 is attached, for example, standing upright from the trowel portion 22 at a right angle. The level rod 21 may be a handle portion of the trowel 20 or may be provided separately. The level bar 21 is provided with a scale 21A. The scale 21A is provided near the trowel portion 22. The vicinity is, for example, a position of about several cm from the lower surface of the trowel portion 22 (surface of concrete) upward.

  The leveling device 30 includes a laser oscillator 40 that emits laser light, and is attached to the rail R1 using a jig so that the laser oscillator 40 is installed at a predetermined height. Next, the level setting device 30 will be described.

  The leveling device 30 includes, for example, a first jig 31 attached to one rail R1, a laser oscillator 40 mounted on the first jig 31, and a second jig 50 attached to the other rail R2. With.

  The first jig 31 is, for example, a jig for attaching the laser oscillator 40 to the rail R1 so as to maintain the laser oscillator 40 at a predetermined height. The first jig 31 is installed, for example, by magnetic attraction to the rail R1. The first jig 31 is, for example, a vertical plate 32 whose one surface side is attached to the outside of the web R1B of the rail R1, and a horizontal plate which is supported on one surface side of the vertical plate 32 and has one side supported so as to extend in the horizontal direction. A plate 33 and a mounting plate 34, one side of which is supported from the other side at the top of the vertical plate 32 and which is mounted in the horizontal plane direction, are provided.

  The vertical plate 32 is a rectangular plate-shaped body, and has a magnet (not shown) attached to one surface side, for example. The vertical plate 32 is magnetically attracted to the outside of the web R1B by a magnet. The magnet has, for example, a magnetic attraction force so as not to drop from the web R1B when the laser oscillator 40 is mounted on the mounting plate 34 as described later. When mounting the vertical plate 32, the alignment is performed so that the lower surface of the horizontal plate 33 contacts the top of the rail R1. The laser oscillator 40 is mounted on the mounting plate 34.

  The mounting height of the laser oscillator 40 is adjusted by the mounting position of the mounting plate 34. The laser oscillator 40 is mounted on the mounting plate 34 such that the position of the optical axis of the laser light is a predetermined height of about several cm (for example, 3 [cm] to 10 [cm]) from the top of the rail R1. Placed on top. That is, the laser oscillator 40 is installed above the top of the rail R1 by a predetermined distance so that the laser light emitted from the first jig 31 passes near the surface of the concrete C2 by the first jig 31.

  The laser oscillator 40 is rotatably supported on the mounting plate 34 via a hinge 41 in the horizontal direction. The rear end of the laser oscillator 40 is supported by a horizontal adjustment screw 42. By rotating the horizontal adjustment screw 42, the mounting angle of the laser oscillator 40 with respect to the horizontal direction is adjusted.

  A second jig 50 that receives the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator 40 is attached to the side of the rail R2 that faces the rail R1. The second jig 50 is, for example, a jig for receiving laser light, and is magnetically attracted to the rail R2.

  The second jig 50 is, for example, a vertical plate 51 whose one surface side is attached to the outside of the web R2B of the rail R2, and a horizontal plate which is attached to one surface side of the vertical plate 51 so that one side is supported and extends in the horizontal plane direction. And a plate 52. The vertical plate 51 is magnetically attracted to the outside of the web R1B by, for example, a magnet. On one surface side of the vertical plate 51, a groove-shaped notch portion 51A is formed. The cutout portion 51A is a reference black for aligning the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator 40. When the vertical plate 51 is attached to the rail R2 and the horizontal plate 52 is aligned so as to abut the top of the rail R2, the notch 51A maintains a predetermined height from the top of the rail R2.

  Next, the installation process of the leveling device 30 will be described. The worker attaches the first jig 31 to the rail R1 using the horizontal plate 33 as a guide, and attaches the second jig 50 to the rail R2 using the horizontal plate 52 as a guide. The operator adjusts the mounting angle of the laser oscillator 40 with respect to the horizontal direction by rotating the horizontal adjustment screw 42 while checking the scale of the level instrument 44 or the like placed on the laser oscillator 40.

  An operator irradiates the laser beam of the laser oscillator 40 on the vertical plate 51 which opposes. The operator adjusts the horizontal adjustment screw 42 so that the cutout portion 51A of the vertical plate 51 is irradiated with the laser light. At this time, the error in the height direction of the laser light caused by the inclination of the rails R1 and R2 in the cross-sectional direction is reduced because the distance between the upper ends of the rails R1 and R2 and the laser oscillator 40 in the height direction is short. Further, since the rails R1 and R2 are installed perpendicularly to the horizontal plane to some extent, the error in the height direction becomes very small.

  The operator places the trowel 20 on the surface of the concrete C2 so that the level rod 21 stands upright and operates the laser oscillator 40 to irradiate the scale 21A of the level rod 21 with laser light. The operator who performs rough roughening moves the trowel 20 on the surface of the concrete C2 while checking the laser beam irradiated on the scale 21A until the position of the laser beam irradiated on the scale 21A reaches the designated level. Roughening the surface of the concrete C2.

  At this time, even if the trowel 20 is tilted, the scale has a short distance of about 3 [cm] to 10 [cm] from the surface of the concrete C2, and therefore the leveling error in the height direction is extremely small. .. Further, since the worker can perform leveling by visually observing the laser beam applied to the scale 21A, the level is measured by moving the level bar back and forth and left and right as in the case of measurement using a normal level bar. There is no need to perform leveling by taking advantage of this, and the time required for leveling is shortened. Since the leveling device 30 can be installed and the laser oscillator 40 can be adjusted by one person, the number of workers can be reduced.

  After performing rough roughening, the worker removes the leveling device 30 from the rails R1 and R2 and attaches the leveling device 30 to the next survey location on the rails R1 and R2. At this time, since the first jig 31 and the second jig 50 are simply attached according to the heights of the rails R1 and R2, the refilling can be easily performed without causing the refilling error in the surveying. You can

  After roughening the surface of the concrete C2, the operator operates the truss screed 1 to move the surface of the concrete C2 in the longitudinal direction of the rails R1 and R2, and performs the finishing smoothing. After moving the truss screed 1 by a predetermined distance, the operator performs surveying at the next surveying position, roughens the surface of the concrete C2, and leveles. The worker repeats the above-mentioned steps to finish and even the surface of the concrete C2 and the truss screed 1.

  According to the leveling method at the time of placing concrete using the truss screed 1 described above, the concrete C2 is placed in a horizontal line in line with the truss screed 1, and roughening is performed. The surface can be efficiently finished with high precision and easily into a flat surface.

  According to the leveling method described above, the distance between the position in the height direction of the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator 40 and the position on the surface of the concrete C2 is about 3 [cm] to 10 [cm]. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the degree of error even if the laser oscillator 40 is tilted. Further, according to the leveling method described above, in the construction using the truss screed 1, the level error of the concrete surface can be kept within the range of the rail error. Further, according to the leveling method described above, in the construction using the truss screed 1, the leveling device 30 used for surveying can be easily attached to the rail to simplify re-sizing during surveying.

[Modification]
The leveling method for pouring concrete described above can be applied not only to the leveling process using the truss screed 1 but also to the construction of the normal slab concrete C3 in which the worker performs the leveling process. it can. In the following description, the same names and reference numerals will be used for the same configurations as those described above, and redundant description will be appropriately omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when the slab concrete C3 is placed on the level concrete C1 on which the formwork 60 is installed, the laser oscillator placed on the placing plate 71 of the tripod 70. 40 is used to level the concrete C3.

  The operator adjusts the horizontal adjustment screw 42 to irradiate the reference black ink 61 marked on the mold 60 with laser light. The leg portion 72 of the tripod 70 is formed short so that the height of the reference black ink 61 from the top of the concrete C3 is 3 [cm] to 10 [cm]. The worker flattens the surface of the concrete C3 with the laser light applied to the scale 21A of the iron 20 as a reference, and forms the top end of the concrete C3.

  As described above, according to the leveling method of the modified example, the worker can easily level the construction of the concrete C3 for a normal slab in which the leveling process is performed.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned one embodiment and can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit thereof. For example, a scale may be provided on the trowel part of the truss screed, and the level of the truss screed may be adjusted by visually observing the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator 40. Further, the laser oscillator is not limited to one that radiates the laser light linearly, and may be one that radiates the laser light planarly.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Truss screed, 2... Truss unit, 10... Main body part, 11... Adjusting part, 15... Trowel part, 18... Vibration vibrator, 20... Trowel, 21... Level bar, 21A... Scale, 22... Trowel part, 30... Leveling device, 31... First jig, 32... Vertical plate, 33... Horizontal plate, 34... Placement plate, 40... Laser oscillator, 41... Hinge, 42... Horizontal adjustment screw, 44... Leveler, 50... 2nd jig, 51... Vertical plate, 51A... Notch part, 52... Horizontal plate, 60... Formwork, 61... Standard ink, 70... Tripod, 71... Mounting plate, 72... Leg part, B... Anchor bolt , C1... Level concrete, C2... Concrete, C3... Concrete, N... Nut, R... Rail, R1, R2... Rail, R1A, R2A... Flange, R1B, R2B... Web

Claims (5)

A first step of placing concrete between a pair of rails on which truss screeds for leveling the surface of concrete are placed;
A second step of installing a laser oscillator for irradiating laser light on one of the pair of rails so that a predetermined height is maintained;
A third step of installing the reference on the other of the pair of rails so that the reference formed for alignment of the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator is maintained at a predetermined height,
A fourth step of roughening the surface of the concrete based on the position of the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator,
How to level when pouring concrete. In the second step, the laser oscillator is installed at a predetermined distance above the top of the rail so that the laser light to be emitted passes near the surface of the concrete.
The leveling method when pouring concrete according to claim 1. In the fourth step, the scale provided on the level bar standing upright from the trowel is irradiated with the laser light, and based on the position of the laser light, the trowel is moved so that the surface of the concrete has a rough surface. Done,
The leveling method when pouring concrete according to claim 1 or 2. After the fourth step, further comprising a fifth step of moving the truss screed on the pair of rails to finish and even the surface of the concrete roughened in the fourth step.
The leveling method when pouring concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A leveling device for pouring concrete applied to construction of a truss screed for moving on a pair of rails and leveling the surface of concrete,
A laser oscillator that emits laser light,
A first jig on which the laser oscillator is placed and which is installed on one of the pair of rails between which concrete is placed,
A second jig that is installed on the other of the pair of rails, receives the laser light, and has a reference formed for alignment of the laser light;
In the first jig, the laser oscillator is installed at a predetermined height so that the laser beam is radiated to a scale provided on a level rod standing up from an iron for roughening the surface of the concrete. Is configured to
Leveling device when pouring concrete.

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