JP2020079279A - 選択的遺伝子治療発現系 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
- 発現系が毒性を表すか否かを決定すること、
- 発現系が毒性を表す組織を決定すること、
- 発現系の毒性を許容レベルに低減するための手段を提供すること
を伴う。
- 標的組織における、治療上許容されるレベルのタンパク質の発現、及び
- 標的組織以外の組織における、即ち非標的組織における、毒性上許容されるレベルのタンパク質の発現
を可能にする発現系に関する。
- 心臓若しくは心臓横紋筋、
- 肝臓、
- 脳、
- 肺、
- 腎臓、及び/又は
- 平滑筋、特に消化管
である。
- 骨格筋及び/又は末梢神経組織を含めた標的組織における、治療上許容されるレベルのタンパク質の発現、並びに
- 標的組織以外の組織における、特に心臓における、毒性上許容されるレベルのタンパク質の発現
を可能にする発現系に関する。
- ユートロフィンを、変異し、欠損したジストロフィンの代わりに用いてもよく、
- デコリン、フィブロモジュリン、及びルミカンは、神経筋疾患の場合に観察される筋肉の消耗を補償するのを助け、
- アクチビンもまた、原因がこのタンパク質の変異ではない疾患における筋肉量の増大を助ける。
- 平均余命の増大、
- 筋肉強度の増大、
- 組織学の改善、及び/又は
- 横隔膜の機能の改善。
- 非標的組織における、特にタンパク質の発現が毒性である非標的組織におけるタンパク質の発現を防止し、若しくは発現のレベルを低減すること、及び/又は
- 標的組織におけるタンパク質の発現を維持し、若しくは発現のレベルを増大すること
を可能にする少なくとも1つの配列を含む。
- 骨格筋以外の組織及び/若しくは末梢神経組織における、好ましくは、タンパク質の発現が毒性である組織における、タンパク質の発現を防止し、若しくは発現のレベルを低減すること、並びに/又は
- 骨格筋及び/若しくは末梢神経組織におけるタンパク質の発現を維持し、若しくは発現のレベルを増大すること
を可能にする少なくとも1つの配列を含む発現系に関する。
- 標的組織における発現のレベルを低減せずに、非標的組織におけるタンパク質の発現を防止することができ、又は発現のレベルを低減することができる配列の使用、
- 標的組織における高レベルの発現、及び非標的組織、特にタンパク質の発現が毒性と思われる組織における低発現又は発現なしを確実にすることができる、プロモーター配列の使用、
- 適切な指向性、この場合、非標的組織に対するよりも標的組織に対して、特にタンパク質の発現が毒性であると思われる組織に対してより高い指向性を有するベクター、好ましくはウイルスのベクターの使用
が存在し、これらは組み合わせてもよい。
- 標的組織、好ましくは骨格筋におけるタンパク質の、治療上許容されるレベルの発現、
- 非標的組織、好ましくは心臓又は肝臓におけるタンパク質の、毒性上許容されるレベルの発現
の両方を可能にする。
- タンパク質をコードする配列の転写のレベル、
- タンパク質をコードする配列の転写に起因する転写物、例えばこれらの分解、
- 転写物のタンパク質への翻訳
に関する多様なメカニズムに従って起こり得る。
- マイクロRNA、
- 内因性低分子干渉RNA、即ちsiRNA、
- トランスファーRNA(tRNA)の小型フラグメント、
- 遺伝子間領域のRNA、
- リボソームRNA(rRNA)、
- 核内低分子RNA(snRNA)、
- 核小体低分子RNA(snoRNA)、
- piwiタンパク質と相互作用するRNA(RNA interacting with piwi proteins)(piRNA)
等
の群から選択される小型RNA分子に対する標的であることが好ましい。
- プロモーター、好ましくはデスミン、更により好ましくはヒトデスミン(配列番号11)の制御下に配置されたミオチューブラリンをコードする配列、
- 心臓で発現されるmiRNAの、好ましくはmiRNA-208aの少なくとも1つの標的配列、好ましくは配列番号10の配列等の単一の標的配列
を含む。
- プロモーター、好ましくはデスミン、更により好ましくはヒトデスミン(配列番号11)、又はカルパイン3、更により好ましくはヒトカルパイン3(配列番号12)、又はmiRNA206、更により好ましくはヒトmiRNA206(配列番号13)の制御下に配置されたカルパイン3をコードする配列;
- 心臓で発現されるmiRNAの、好ましくはmiRNA-208aの、更により好ましくは2つの直列の標的配列の、少なくとも1つの標的配列
を含む。
- 好ましくは、コード配列の3'、又はmiRNAの標的配列の3'に挿入された、SV40又はヒトヘモグロビンのポリA等の、ポリアデニル化シグナル、
- ヒトヘモグロビンのイントロン1等、転写を安定化するための配列、
- エンハンサー配列、
等
のような他の配列を含むことができる。
本発明及び本発明に起因する利点は、以下に示す実現例で、及び添付する図の助けで、より良好に理解されよう。しかし、これらは網羅的なものではない。
1)組換えAAVベクターの産生
ベクター血清型2AAVにおけるヒトデスミンプロモーター(配列番号11)の下流に、マウスMtm1遺伝子(配列番号14)のオープンリーディングフレームをクローニングすることにより、ベクターrAAV-Des-Mtm1を構築した。DNAスペーサーにより各々分離されている、22pbのmiRNA-208a(配列番号10)の標的配列(1、2、又は4つの配列、それぞれmiRHT1、miRHT2、及びmiRHT4)を、Mtm1 cDNAの3'UTR領域において加えた。対照として空ベクター(rAAV-Des-MCS)も産生した。血清型8の組換えウイルス粒子(AAV8)を、以前に記載されている通り(15)、HEK293細胞の三重トランスフェクションプロトコールを用いて得た。ベクターの力価を、1mlあたりのウイルスゲノムに関して表す(vg/ml)。
マウスを、動物試験に関するフランス及び欧州の法律に従って処理した。この試験では、WT C57Bl/6野生型マウス(Charles River Laboratories)、及びミオチューブラリンに対して構成的に不活性化したマウス系統(ノックアウト)である、BS53d4-129pasとも呼ぶ、KO-Mtm1を用いた。カルパイン3に対して、Laureら(Febs J.、2010年、277巻、4322〜4337頁)によって記載されるC3KOマウスモデルを用いた。
イソペンタン中で凍結させた筋肉を30μmの横断面で切断し、プロテアーゼインヒビター(Roche社)のコンプリートカクテル(complete cocktail)を補った、150mM NaCl、10mM Tris HCl (pH7.4)、1mM EGTA、1mM EDTA、100mMフッ化ナトリウム、4mMピロリン酸ナトリウム、2mMオルトバナジン酸ナトリウム、1% Triton X100、及び0.5% IGEPALを含むバッファー中、氷上で溶解した。筋肉抽出物を1時間インキュベートし、4℃、12,000×gで30分間遠心分離した。上清中のタンパク質濃度を、Bio-Rad社「タンパク質アッセイキット」を用いて決定した。タンパク質をSDS-PAGEに対する遊走にかけ、ニトロセルロース膜に移した後、ミオチューブラリンに対するポリクローナル抗体(p2348 [15])及びGAPDH (#MAB374、Millipore社)とインキュベートした。タンパク質のバンドを、「Odyssey Imaging System」(LICOR Biotechnology Inc.社)を用いて赤外蛍光によって目視し(view)、「Odyssey Infrared Imaging System Software」プログラム(ソフトウエアアプリケーション、バージョン1.2、2003年)を用いて定量した。
4-1-ミオチューブラリン
DNAの筋肉からの単離を、「Gentra Puregene Tissue Kit」(Qiagen社)を用いて、製造元の指示に従って行った。DNAの全濃度を、ND-8000 Nanodrop分光光度計(Nanodrop Technologies社、フランス)を用いて決定し、各試料に対してDNA 80ngを、リアルタイムのPCRに対するマトリクスとして用いた。ウイルスゲノムのコピーを同定するためのrAAV2/Xベクター、及びタイチンのマウス遺伝子に共通のスケルトンの部分の両方に対して、各試料に対するTaqmanリアルタイムPCRを行って各試料中に存在するマウスゲノムの数を標準化した。rAAVベクターの増幅に用いたプライマーは、5'-CTCCATCACTAGGGGTTCCTTG-3'(フォワード、配列番号15)、5'-GTAGATAAGTAGCATGGC-3'(リバース、配列番号16)であった。MGBプローブは、二重標識した(FAM-NFQ):5'-TAGTTAATGATTAACCC-3'(プローブ、配列番号17)であった。タイチンに用いたプライマー及びプローブは、5'-AAAACGAGCAGTGACGTGAGC-3'(フォワード、配列番号18)、5'-TTCAGTCATGCTGCTAGCGC-3'(リバース、配列番号19)、及び5'-TGCACGGAAGCGTCTCGTCTCAGTC-3'(プローブ、配列番号20)(Applied Biosystem社)であった。タイチンの増幅は、「Absolute QPCR ROX Mix」(Thermo Fischer Scientific社)中に希釈したDNA 80ng、Taqmanプローブ0.1μM、並びにプライマー(フォワード及びリバース)0.2μM、最終体積25μMを用いて行った。サイクル条件は、95℃15分間のThermo-Start DNAポリメラーゼに対する活性化ステップ、引き続き、95℃の変性15秒、並びに60℃のハイブリダイゼーション及び伸長60秒の2ステップサイクル40サイクルからなっていた。rAAVの増幅は、Taqmanプローブ0.1μM、リバースプライマー0.3μM、及びフォワードプライマー0.05μM、最終体積25μlを用いて行った。サイクル条件は、95℃15分間のThermo-Start DNAポリメラーゼに対する活性化ステップ、引き続き、95℃の変性15秒、並びに54℃のハイブリダイゼーション及び伸長60秒の2ステップサイクル40サイクルからなっていた。PCRは、7900 HTサーモサイクラー(Applied Biosystem社)上で行った。rAAVスケルトン及びタイチンの配列を含むプラスミドの標準の希釈系列を、コピー数の対照として、リアルタイムの各PCRプレートにおいて用いた。試料及び対照は全て2回ずつ行った。データを、二倍体ゲノムあたりのウイルスゲノムのコピー数として表す。
Trizol法(Invitrogen社)を用いて筋肉を抽出した。抽出の間、試料画分を、定量PCRによって定量するためのDNA抽出用に保存した。全RNAを、「DNA-Free」キット(Ambion社)で処理した残余の抽出物から抽出して、残余のDNAを除去した。内因性のマイクロRNAの発現を定量するために、合計20ngのRNAを、「逆転写TaqMan MicroRNA」キット(Applied Biosystems社)を用いて逆転写にかけ、miR-208aに対してmicroRNA ID511 Taqmanアッセイ(Applied Biosystems社)によって分析した。試料の標準化を、試験ID 1232(Applied Biosystems社)でのsnoRNA202の発現で行った。
心臓、肝臓、又は骨格筋の凍結切片の横断面(厚さ8μm)を、ヘマトキシリンエオジン(HE)、シリウスレッド、又はヘマトキシリンフロキシンサフラン(HFS)で、標準のプロトコールを用いて染色した。
血液試料を凝固させずに採取した。遠心分離(8000g、10分、4℃)後、血清を、アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT)速度を決定するための「Vitros ALT DTスライド」カセットを用いて、VITROS DT60装置(Ortho Clinical Diagnostics社、UK)を用いて分析した。
A-ミオチューブラリン
1)構築物AAV-pDES-Mtm1の心毒性
ベクターAAV2/1においてCMVプロモーターの制御下でミオチューブラリン(Mtm1)遺伝子を単回筋肉内注射した有益な効果は、Buj-Belloらの文献[15]から知られていた。
特にヒトにおける全身投与後、ベクターAAV8からの体内分布及び導入遺伝子の発現を予測することが難しいということから、心臓に影響を及ぼす潜在的な副作用を回避するために、筋肉特異性を増大する制御配列を運搬する新たなベクターを開発した。
MTM1に最も適する発現ベクターを選択するために、これらのベクターの3×1013ウイルスゲノム(vg)/kgの単回投与量を、3週齢の野生型マウスの尾静脈に投与した。内部対照として、空ベクター(AAV-Des-MCS)及びPBS(「リン酸緩衝食塩水」)を用いた。
先の結果に基づいて、構築物rAAV-Des-Mtm1-miRHT1をさらなる実験に選択した。MTM1遺伝子を変異させた(「ノックアウト」を意味するKO)3週齢のWT野生型マウスに、AAV-Des-Mtm1、rAAV-Des-Mtm1-miRHT1、及びrAAV-Des-MCSをそれぞれ3×1013vg/kg、又はPBSを投与し、1か月間臨床的にモニタリングした。
Bartoliら(Molecular Therapy、2006年、13巻、2号、250〜259頁)の文献は、筋肉特異的プロモーターの制御下でカルパイン3遺伝子を運搬するAAVタイプの構築物を、筋肉内投与又は局所投与した後の有益な効果及び非毒性を指摘するものである。しかし、本発明に関連して行った実験により、このような構築物の全身投与後の毒性が明らかにされた。
様々な構築物を静脈注射した後、WTマウスの状態をモニタリングし、以下のTable 2 (表2)に示す。
デスミンプロモーターを、CAPN3(AAV2/9-pC3-CAPN3)又はmiR-206(AAV2/9-pmiR206-CAPN3)のプロモーターと交換することによって、2つのベクターを構築した。ベクターのウイルス調製後、静脈注射(6×1012vg/kg)によって導入した変化のin vivoの結果を、2か月齢のC57BL/6マウス(WT)において分析した。
miRNA208a(配列番号10)の2つの標的配列を、miR208aTカセットにおいて直列にクローニングした。次いで、これを構築物AAV2/9-desm-CAPN3の3'UTRエリア中に挿入して、構築物AAV2/9-desm-CAPN3-miR208aTを生成した。
プロモーターCAPN3及びmiR-206、並びにmiR-208a:AAV2/9-pC3-CAPN3-miR208aT及びAAV2/9-pmiR206-CAPN3-miR208aTの標的配列を2コピー、組み合わせることによって、新たなベクターを構築した。C3KOマウス(カルパイン3に対するノックアウト)に、これらのベクター1.2×1013vg/kgを注射した。
(参考文献)
Claims (15)
- 神経筋障害に対する治療効果を有するタンパク質をコードする配列を含む、全身投与用の発現系であって、タンパク質の発現は少なくとも1つの組織において毒性であり、前記発現系は、
- 骨格筋及び/又は末梢神経組織を含めた標的組織における治療上許容されるレベルのタンパク質の発現、並びに
- 標的組織以外の組織における、特に心臓における毒性上許容されるレベルのタンパク質の発現
を可能にする、発現系。 - - 標的組織以外の組織における、好ましくはタンパク質の発現が毒性である組織における、タンパク質の発現の防止、若しくは発現のレベルの低減、並びに/又は
- 標的組織におけるタンパク質の発現の維持、及び発現のレベルの増大
を可能にする少なくとも1つの配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の発現系。 - タンパク質が、好ましくは配列番号1、2、又は3の配列を有するミオチューブラリンであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発現系。
- タンパク質が、好ましくは配列番号7の配列を有するカルパイン3であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発現系。
- 標的組織以外の組織において、好ましくはタンパク質の発現が毒性である組織において発現されるmiRNAの標的配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の発現系。
- miR208aの少なくとも1つの標的配列、好ましくは配列番号10の配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の発現系。
- 標的組織以外の組織において、好ましくはタンパク質の発現が毒性である組織において、低いプロモーター活性を表し、又はプロモーター活性を表さないプロモーター配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の発現系。
- 好ましくは配列番号12の配列の、カルパイン3遺伝子のプロモーター配列、又は好ましくは配列番号13の配列の、miR206のプロモーター配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の発現系。
- ベクター、好ましくはウイルスのベクターを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の発現系。
- アデノ随伴ウイルスベクター(AAV)、好ましくは血清型AAV8又はAAV9を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の発現系。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の発現系を含む、医薬組成物。
- 医薬として用いるための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の発現系。
- 遺伝子治療において用いるための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の発現系。
- 神経筋障害、好ましくはミオパチー、更により好ましくは筋細管ミオパチー(XLMTM)又はLGMD2Aの処置において用いるための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の発現系。
- 発現系を全身性に、好ましくは静脈内注射によって投与することを特徴とする、請求項13又は14に記載の使用のための発現系。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US9981049B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
AU2014252922A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
DK3404106T3 (da) | 2021-06-21 |
EP3404106A1 (fr) | 2018-11-21 |
EP2984172A1 (fr) | 2016-02-17 |
FR3004463A1 (fr) | 2014-10-17 |
EP3404106B1 (fr) | 2021-06-09 |
HUE054634T2 (hu) | 2021-09-28 |
EP2984172B1 (fr) | 2018-08-22 |
WO2014167253A1 (fr) | 2014-10-16 |
US20160058890A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
JP2018197269A (ja) | 2018-12-13 |
PL3404106T3 (pl) | 2021-10-25 |
AU2014252922B2 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
BR112015025619A2 (pt) | 2017-10-10 |
JP6404325B2 (ja) | 2018-10-10 |
CA2909038A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
JP2016515831A (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
KR102398039B1 (ko) | 2022-05-16 |
ES2876422T3 (es) | 2021-11-12 |
PT3404106T (pt) | 2021-06-18 |
US11819478B2 (en) | 2023-11-21 |
CA2909038C (en) | 2022-08-02 |
ZA201507315B (en) | 2018-05-30 |
KR20160002900A (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
US20180256752A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
ES2698571T3 (es) | 2019-02-05 |
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